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Flag State Control : an Overview and Its Relationship with Port State Control Iqbal Fikri World Maritime University

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Flag State Control : an Overview and Its Relationship with Port State Control Iqbal Fikri World Maritime University World Maritime University The Maritime Commons: Digital Repository of the World Maritime University World Maritime University Dissertations Dissertations 2007 Flag state control : an overview and its relationship with port state control Iqbal Fikri World Maritime University Follow this and additional works at: http://commons.wmu.se/all_dissertations Part of the Admiralty Commons Recommended Citation Fikri, Iqbal, "Flag state control : an overview and its relationship with port state control" (2007). World Maritime University Dissertations. 170. http://commons.wmu.se/all_dissertations/170 This Dissertation is brought to you courtesy of Maritime Commons. Open Access items may be downloaded for non-commercial, fair use academic purposes. No items may be hosted on another server or web site without express written permission from the World Maritime University. For more information, please contact [email protected]. WORLD MARITIME UNIVERSITY Malmö, Sweden FLAG STATE CONTROL An Overview and its Relationship with Port State Control By IQBAL FIKRI Republic of Indonesia A dissertation submitted to the World Maritime University in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the award of the degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE In MARITIME AFFAIRS (MARITIME SAFETY AND ENVIRONMENTAL ADMINISTRATION) 2007 © Copyright Iqbal Fikri, 2007 i DECLARATION I certify that all the material in this dissertation that is not my own work has been identified, and that no material is included for which a degree has previously been conferred on me. The contents of this dissertation reflect my own personal views, and are not necessarily endorsed by the University. Signature : Iqbal Fikri Date : August 27, 2007 Supervised by: Jan-Åke Jönsson Associate Professor World Maritime University Assessor: Jens-Uwe Schröder Associate Professor Institution: World Maritime University Co-Assessor: Åke Sjöblom Principal Surveyor Institution: Swedish Maritime Administration ii Acknowledgment The choice of writing dissertation had been in my consideration since my first arrival here in Malmö at January 2006. The reason is simple, I want to be one of the selected students, since there is a sort of academic requirements for the students to be eligible to write dissertation. Yet, no one knows that it would be hard before having their own self experience. After finishing it, I can say that it was a very challenging moment that demands a lot of sacrifice, and I have zero regret about it. I realize that this dissertation is far from a masterpiece class of work. However, if one insists on appreciating this as a useful work, let me accept that and humbly convey the honour to my respectable parents Sari Banun Jawana, Mursjid Roesli, Murtiningsih, Srihastuti Wirya, and Enggun Purwoko. They are my forever school of life. This dissertation would never have existed without support and assistance from my Swedish Professor Jan-Åke Jönsson, an outstanding professional whom possesses a vast knowledge from technical to management aspects of ship survey. We share a common language of ship surveyors, a language that makes his class in MSEA is very interesting and easy to digest. I will miss the heavy and thick hand outs from him. Another memorable professor in MSEA is Professor Jens-Uwe Schröder. I wish to express my appreciation to his structured and strategic way of teaching. To miss one single word from him is a great loss. Surely he is my role model in education. To my colleagues in WMU who turn a 21 months of study like a blink of an eye. My Japanese best friend Yukinori Matsui for a great friendship. I wish you had a great summer while I was isolated in my room. My Indonesian class mates namely Teguh, iii Fauzi, Wisnu, Mugen, and Rifanie for all night long Skype conversation. Friends in MSEA who turned the class to be cheerful, especially Johnie, Ronald, Surachet, Mr. Lee, and Queen Marie. My sincere respect to the dissertation students for supporting each other: Emi San, Ramon, Arm Seng, Mokrane, and Anthony. It would not be complete if I missed to mention Cecillia Denne and Susan Wangeci- Eklöw in WMU library. You are always a great help. The last and aftermost part is the most important part. I would never have accomplished this study without Allah, the Great and Most Merciful, in which everything is impossible without His permit. For guarding my wife and son while I am away, and for protecting them with health. My wife Rizky Febriyanti and my son Indrastata Fikri. You are always on my mind. You are always on my mind. iv Title of dissertation: Flag State Control: An Overview and its Relationship with Port State Control Degree: MSc ABSTRACT In maritime safety, the trend shows that flag state control is less dominant than port state control. The trend of PSC today is showing the greater power than before, leaving flag state control behind. This situation brings a reverse condition than it ought to be. In this dissertation, the reasons behind the lack of flag state control are investigated, as well as the trend of substandard shipping and the shift of the tonnage of world fleet from control point of view. The approach is to analyze the statistics of major PSC regimes namely Paris MOU, Tokyo MOU, and Indian MOU. Subsequently, the data is examined to spotlight main issues to focus on controlling risk. The main idea is to focus on critical risk areas in order to exercise flag state control. In addition, the method that is going to be used by Administration shall reflect the priority on higher risk areas. General cargo ships, operational procedures, human factors are examples of the most potential areas to control. As an aid, the diagram of possible methods of control is drawn and evaluated. In order to follow the success of PSC, flag state control may follow the methods of PSC. The need to establish harmonization between PSC regimes, and joint collaboration between flag state control and PSC would bring high benefits. KEYWORDS: Flag State Control, Port State Control, Inspection, Recognized Organizations v Table of contents DECLARATION......................................................................................................... ii Acknowledgment........................................................................................................ iii ABSTRACT................................................................................................................. v Table of contents......................................................................................................... vi List of Tables .............................................................................................................. ix List of Figures.............................................................................................................. x List of Abbreviations .................................................................................................. xi 1. Introduction............................................................................................................ 1 1.1 Background...................................................................................................... 1 1.2 Scope and objectives........................................................................................ 5 1.3 Structure and organization............................................................................... 6 2. Basics of Flag State Control, Delegation and Monitoring..................................... 8 2.1. International conventions.............................................................................. 8 2.2. IMO instruments......................................................................................... 11 2.3. Regional initiatives ..................................................................................... 15 2.4. Authority, responsibility, and liability........................................................ 17 2.5. An overview of management of delegation and control............................. 19 2.6. Selecting measurement tool........................................................................ 24 3. Flag State Control versus Port State Control....................................................... 26 3.1. Substandard shipping.................................................................................. 26 3.2. Flag State Control ....................................................................................... 27 3.2.1 Problems ..................................................................................................... 28 vi 3.2.2 Considerations in flag state control ............................................................ 30 3.2.3 Flag state control in Archipelago Country, Indonesia ................................ 32 3.2.4 Questionnaire on flag state control ............................................................. 34 3.2.5 Associated costs.......................................................................................... 36 3.3. Port State Control........................................................................................ 38 3.3.1 Problems ..................................................................................................... 40 3.3.2 Effectiveness............................................................................................... 43 3.3.3 Associated costs.......................................................................................... 48 3.4. Relationships between flag state control and PSC...................................... 50 3.5. Resources
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