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MINISTRY OF JUSTICE, FINLAND PUBLICATION 2009:1 Jokela School Shooting on 7 November 2007 Report of the Investigation Commission PUBLICATION 2009:1 Jokela School Shooting on 7 November 2007 Report of the Investigation Commission ISSN 1458-6444 ISBN 978-952-466-803-3 (nid.) ISBN 978-952-466-804-0 (PDF) Ministry of Justice, Finland Helsinki 2009 DESCRIPTION M I N I S T R Y OF J U S T I C E Date of publication Finland 26 February 2009 Authors Type of publication Publication of the Ministry of Justice Investigation Commission of the Jokela school shooting Assigned by Chairman Tuulikki Petäjäniemi, LL.M. Council of State Secretary, Chief Accident Investigator Kai Valonen Date when body appointed 6 November 2008 Name of the publication Jokela School Shooting on 7 November 2007 – Report of the Investigation Commission (Translation of the original Finnish report) Parts of publication Description of the event and background information, general information on the Jokela events, the work of the media, analysis and conclusions, measures taken and safety recommendations Abstract On 7 November 2007 a bloody deed took place in Jokela where a senior high school student shot eight persons and himself in a school centre. The reasons for the school shooting were multifarious and complex, and the shooting constituted a deliberate criminal act showing the methodical nature that constitutes an essential element of murder. The marginalization of the perpetrator was of a special kind, the result of several contributory factors. The family, upbringing and the school community but also society as a whole, nowadays including the Internet environment, are in a prime position for preventing marginalization. To prevent school shootings, time consuming work has to be carried out simultaneously on different fronts to find solutions to several issues. The Investigation Commission presents 13 recommendations to reduce the probability of school shootings and lessen the harm done by them. Many of the recommendations involve the prevention of marginalization. According to the Investigation Commission, student care should be developed so that the resources will correspond to recommendations, the work will be systematic, efforts will be made to actively identify the problems of the students and the performance of support measures ensured. Mental health services should be developed so that co- operation between basic health care, specialised health care and the social services will be smooth and a young person in need of help will get the best possible comprehensive care. Systematic and well-functioning practices to prevent bullying should be actively used in the schools. Intervention against school bullying should be made at an early stage and the situation followed up. The perpetrator found both models for the school shooting and like-minded discussion partners on the Internet. With the help of the Internet he was also able to ascertain the motives and thoughts of previous school shooters. In addition, he used the Internet to get publicity for his act. The Investigation Commission recommends that the Internet should be more comprehensively moderated and the web tip information system of the police enhanced. Among other things, the criminalisation of the preparation of an offence against life could give the police a better chance to pinpoint the identity of a person planning such an act. The Investigation Commission also takes a position on the development of the co-operation between the police, the Department for Rescue Services and the paramedic services as well as on the improvement of official information. The improvement of the work of the media is considered separately on the basis of a separate statute on the investigation of the event, and the Investigation Commission recommends stricter self-regulation. Keywords school shooting, Jokela, marginalization, student care, school bullying, guns, Internet, security recommendation Other information OM 13/021/2007 Serial name and number ISSN ISBN Ministry of Justice Publications 2009:1 1458-6444 978-952-466-803-3 (stitched) 978-952-466-804-0 (PDF) Number of pages Language Price Confidentiality status 148 Finnish - Public Distributed by Published by The Accident Investigation Board of Finland Ministry of Justice FOREWORD On 7th November 2007, a bloody deed took place in Jokela when a student in upper comprehensive school shot eight people, then himself, in a school centre. As this was not an accident but a criminal act, an investigation commission could not be appointed on the basis of the Accident Investigation Act (373/1985). Because of the social significance of the incident, the need arose to determine, in a manner reminiscent of accident investigation, what measures could be taken to prevent similar events in the future or lessen the harm done by them. As a result of the incident, the Ministry of Justice appointed on 27th November 2007 a working group to prepare the appointment of an investigation commission to investigate the Jokela shooting. The task of the working group was to identify the issues that had to be investigated and clarified. On the basis of the results produced by the working group, the Act on the Investigation of Certain Fatal Incidents (662/2008) was prepared, pursuant to which the government appointed an investigation commission on 6th November 2008. The act necessary for appointment of the Investigation Commission was prepared by Ministry of Justice Legislative Secretary Liisa Vanhala, in co-operation with the Jokela working group. With the exception of one individual, all members of the working group were appointed to the Investigation Commission. The following members constituted the Investigation Commission: Chairman Tuulikki Petäjäniemi, LL.M. Members Jarmo Littunen, Director General, Ministry of Justice Janne Koivukoski, Director of Rescue Services, Ministry of the Interior Robin Lardot, Inspector General, Ministry of the Interior Eeva-Riitta Pirhonen, Counsellor of Government, Legal Affairs, Ministry of Education Kristiina Pietikäinen, Deputy Director-General, Ministry of Transport and Communications Tom Silfvast, Senior Medical Officer, Ministry of Social Affairs and Health Maire Kolimaa, Senior Officer, Ministry of Social Affairs and Health Tuomo Karppinen, Director, Accident Investigation Board Secretary Kai Valonen, Chief Accident Investigator, Accident Investigation Board In the early stages of the investigation, Director Sakari Karjalainen from the Ministry of Education was also a member of the working group. This investigation report was drawn up by the Investigation Commission on the basis of the investigation and in accordance with standard accident investigation procedure. The first part of the report contains the relevant facts and describes the unfolding of the events and their background. It also presents general investigation data related to the incident and describes the conduct of the media in Jokela. In the second part, the Investigation Commission analyses the investigation data, assesses the significance thereof, and presents its conclusions on the incident. Measures already taken follow next. The recommendations of the Investigation Commission are given at the end of the investigation report. The investigation was aimed at the prevention of similar incidents and the improvement of safety, so no consideration was given to questions involving guilt or compensation. The investigation report was not written to be used in a court of law; therefore, its content and style do not correspond to legal practice. The investigation material is held by the Accident Investigation Board of Finland. CONTENTS 1 DESCRIPTION OF THE INCIDENT AND POLICE AND RESCUE ACTIVITIES........ 13 1.1 General description....................................................................................................... 13 1.2 The locale and weather conditions................................................................................ 13 1.3 Preparations for the shooting and the events of 7 November 2007.............................. 17 1.4 Immediate action taken by the authorities .................................................................... 21 1.4.1 Alerts .................................................................................................................. 21 1.4.2 On-site operations .............................................................................................. 23 1.5 Psychosocial support..................................................................................................... 34 1.6 Identifying the victims, informing the families, and investigating gunshot wounds ......................................................................................................................... 40 1.7 Damages........................................................................................................................ 43 1.7.1 Personal injury and damage to property............................................................. 43 1.7.2 School threats following the Jokela incident...................................................... 44 2 BACKGROUND INFORMATION..................................................................................... 45 2.1 Description of the site and the instruments of crime .................................................... 45 2.1.1 The school building............................................................................................ 45 2.1.2 The weapon and ammunition ............................................................................
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