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Community Health Assessment 2014-2017

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Community Health Assessment 2014-2017 Suffolk County Community Health Assessment 2014-2017 Steven Bellone Suffolk County Executive James L. Tomarken, MD, MPH, MBA, MSW Commissioner of Health Suffolk County Department of Health Services 3500 Sunrise Highway, Suite 124 P.O. Box 9006 Great River, NY 11739-9006 Main (631) 854-0100 [email protected] Suffolk County Department of Health Services (SCDHS) SUFFOLK COUNTY COMMUNITY HEALTH ASSESSMENT 2014-2017 Table of Contents SECTION ONE – DESCRIPTION OF THE COMMUNITY A. Demographics, Morbidity & Mortality 1 B. Health Status of the Population 14 FAMILY HEALTH Primary and Preventive Health Care 14 Family Planning 16 Prenatal Care and Infant Mortality 18 Child Health 21 Childhood Asthma 23 Lead Poisoning 23 Children with Special Healthcare Needs 25 Dental Health 25 Injury Prevention 26 Mental Health 31 Nutrition 34 Jail Medicine 35 DISEASE CONTROL Chronic Diseases 36 Cardiovascular Disease 37 Hypertension 38 High Cholesterol 39 Diabetes 40 Cirrhosis 42 Arthritis 42 Asthma 42 Cancer 46 Public Health-Communicable Disease 63 Sexually Transmitted Diseases 63 Human Immunodeficiency Virus 67 Tuberculosis 72 Vaccine Preventable Diseases 74 Arthropod/Tick-Borne Disease 79 Food / Water Borne Diseases 83 Rabies 89 Community Health Assessment 2014-2017 Suffolk County Department of Health Services (SCDHS) ENVIRONMENT & HAZARD RESPONSE Environmental Quality 95 Nuisance Control 98 Radiation Protection & Control 99 Emergency Medical Services 101 SECTION TWO-HEALTH CHALLENGES A. Behavioral Risk Factors 103 Smoking 103 Physical Activity and Obesity 104 B. Environmental Risk Factors 109 C. Socioeconomic Factors 113 D. Policy Environment 115 E. Unique Characteristics 117 SECTION THREE-ASSETS & RESOURCES Suffolk County Department of Health Services Strategic Plan 119 FAMILY HEALTH Primary and Preventive Health Care 119 Tobacco Cessation 124 Family Planning 125 Prenatal Care and Infant Mortality 127 Child Health 130 Lead Poisoning 130 Children with Special Healthcare Needs 131 Dental Health 131 Injury Prevention 132 Mental Health 134 Nutrition 138 Obesity 140 Jail Medicine 144 DISEASE CONTROL Chronic Diseases 145 Cardiovascular Disease 145 Diabetes 146 Cirrhosis 147 Arthritis 147 Asthma 147 Community Health Assessment 2014-2017 Suffolk County Department of Health Services (SCDHS) Cancer 148 Public Health-Communicable Diseases 155 Sexually Transmitted Diseases/Infections 156 Human Immunodeficiency Virus 157 Tuberculosis 158 Vaccine Preventable Diseases 159 Arthropod/Tick-Borne Disease 161 Food / Water Borne Diseases 161 Rabies Control 162 ENVIRONMENT & HAZARD RESPONSE Environmental Protection 163 Nuisance Control 173 Radiation Protection & Control 173 Emergency Medical Services 174 Emergency Preparedness 178 SECTION FOUR-PROCESS & METHODS A. Process & Methods 180 B. Bibliography 187 C. Acknowledgements 191 D. Data Sources By Health Section 193 Community Health Assessment 2014-2017 Suffolk County Department of Health Services (SCDHS) Community Health Assessment 2014-2017 Suffolk County Department of Health Services (SCDHS) SECTION ONE – Description of the Community A. DEMOGRAPHICS, MORBIDITY, AND MORTALITY Age and Gender Racial and Ethnic Composition Suffolk County, occupying the eastern According to 2012 Population end of Long Island, has a land area of 912.2 Estimates from 2010 U.S. Census square miles. Using 2012 Population Demographic Profile data, 87.2% of the Estimates from 2010 U.S. Census population is white, 9.1% is African Demographic Profile data, the total American/black, 17.8% Hispanic/Latino, population of Suffolk County is estimated to 4.3% is Asian, and 1.1% is American Indian be 1,499,273. The median age of the and Alaskan Native (note: these figures take population is 41.9 years, with 23.1% of the combinations of races into account). Figure 2 population below the age of 18. Of the depicts the change in the racial and ethnic 1,153,368 residents aged 18 and older, make-up of the population since 2007. 48.6% are male and 51.4% are female. Suffolk County is also home to two Indian Seniors aged 65 and older make up 14.5% of reservations, the Shinnecock Reservation in the population, with 42.8% males and 57.2% Southampton as well as the Poospatuck females. Children under the age of five make Reservation, Unkechaug Nation in Shirley. up 5.6% of the population. Figure 1 displays Based on 5-year estimates from the the age distribution of Suffolk County. 2007-2011 American Community Survey …….. Age Distribution Male Female 80 to 84 years 70 to 74 years 60 to 64 years 50 to 54 years 40 to 44 years 30 to 34 years 20 to 24 years 10 to 14 years Under 5 years 80000 60000 40000 20000 0 20000 40000 60000 80000 Figure 1. Age Distribution of Suffolk County by gender. Source: U.S. Census 2012 Population Estimates Community Health Assessment 2014-2017 1 Suffolk County Department of Health Services (SCDHS) Population by Race/Ethnicity American Indian Asian Hispanic or Latino African American/Black White 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 Percent of Total Population 2007 Estimate 2012 Estimate Figure 2. Racial and Ethnic composition of Suffolk County. Note that combinations of races are taken into account. Source: ACS 2007 Estimates; U.S. Census 2012 Population Estimates (ACS) conducted by the U.S. Census Bureau, Figure 3 details the stark differences in age the median age for whites is 41.4 years. For characteristics by race. African Americans/blacks it is 32.4, and for From the 2011 ACS, it is estimated Hispanics it is 29.1. The population under age that 14.2% of Suffolk’s population is foreign- 5 makes up 5.3% of whites, 6.6% of African born, with most hailing from Latin America Americans/blacks, and 9.6% of Hispanics. (56.8%), Asia (20.1%), and Europe (19.7%) The population aged 65 and older makes up (Figure 4). Among the Asian immigrants, 4.8% of whites, 8.4% of African about two-thirds originate from either China Americans/blacks and 4.6 % of Hispanics. or India. Thirty-six percent of the Age Disparity Under age 5 Over age 65 Median Age 20 45 40 MEDIAN AGE 15 35 10 30 PERCENT 5 25 0 20 White African American/Black Hispanic or Latino Figure 3. Age disparity by race/ethnicity in Suffolk County. Source: ACS 2011 5-year estimates Community Health Assessment 2014-2017 2 Suffolk County Department of Health Services (SCDHS) World Region of Birth of Foreign-born Latin America Asia Europe Africa Northern America Oceania 20.1% 19.7% 2.1% 1.0% 0.2% 56.8% Figure 4. World Region of Birth of Foreign-born in Suffolk County. Source: ACS 2011 5-year estimates Hispanic/Latino population is foreign born, most commonly from El-Salvador, Dominican Households Republic, and Ecuador. Twenty percent of the From the 2011 ACS, the average Native American/Alaska native population is household size was estimated at 2.93. foreign born, the majority of whom Among whites it was 2.78, among African immigrated from Latin America. Among black Americans/blacks it was 3.38, and among immigrants, most come from the Caribbean Hispanics/Latinos it was 4.35 (Figure 5). For (specifically Haiti and Jamaica). About 9% of the population aged fifteen and over, married the white population of Suffolk is foreign but not separated accounts for 55.9% of the born, with most coming from Latin America population— 55.8% amongst whites, 38.3% (most notably El-Salvador and Colombia). amongst African Americans/blacks and About 7.3% of Suffolk County 46.1% amongst Hispanics/Latinos. Female residents are not U.S. citizens, and 6.9% are head of household with no husband present naturalized. Among people at least five years and children under the age of 18 represents old in Suffolk County, 21% spoke a language 4.4% of whites, 16.8% of blacks, and 13.1% other than English at home, where 60% of Hispanics. spoke Spanish and 40% spoke some other Figure 5A displays the average language. Of those who spoke another household size by zip code in Suffolk County, language than English at home, 43% reported where the darker colors indicate a higher that they did not speak English “very well.” estimated average household size. According Community Health Assessment 2014-2017 3 Suffolk County Department of Health Services (SCDHS) Average Household size 5 4.35 4 3.38 2.78 3 2 1 0 White African American/ Black Hispanic or Latino Figure 5. Average household size by race/ethnicity in Suffolk County. Source: ACS 2011 5-year estimate Figure 5A. Average household size by zip code in Suffolk County. to 2011 ACS 5-year estimates, Brentwood Educational Attainment (3.99), Wyandanch (3.78), and Central Islip Of the population 25 years of age or (3.69) have the largest average household older, 90.0% have attained a high school sizes in Suffolk, while Moriches (2.00), Montauk (2.04), and Shelter Island (2.11) diploma or higher. Those who have not have the lowest average household size graduated from high school make up 10.0% of the total population. However, broken down by race: of all white Suffolk residents, only 7.8% have not graduated from high school, while 15.5% of African Community Health Assessment 2014-2017 4 Suffolk County Department of Health Services (SCDHS) Educational Attainment Less than high school High school/equivalent College-level Graduate-level Hispanic or Latino African American/Black White 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% Figure 6. Educational attainment by race/ethnicity in Suffolk County. Source: ACS 2011 5-year estimates American/blacks have not graduated from make up an additional 32.9% of the Suffolk high school and 30.1% of Hispanics/Latinos population: 33.4% of whites, 22.4% of have not graduated from high school. High African Americans/blacks, and 15.1% of school graduates including equivalency, Hispanics/Latinos.
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