DOCSLIB.ORG

Surface Grouting to Repair Mortar Joints

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Surface Grouting to Repair Mortar Joints Surface grouting to repair mortar joints When joints are weathered but not badly deteriorated, this technique can stop leaks more economically than repointing By Kenneth A. Hooker ase #1: Your turn-of-the-cen- c ar e co m m e n d s a tury brick building has de- m i x t u r eo f 1 p a r t 1 veloped leaks. The brick it- p o r tland cement, ⁄3 1 C part lime, and 1 ⁄3 self is fairly dense and smooth; mortar joints are narrow. An in- parts fine silica sand vestigation shows no large (Ref. 1). Premixed, cracks, severe spalling, or exten- proprietary surface sive deterioration of the mortar, grouting mortars al- but erosion caused by decades of so are available. e x p o sure to the weather has Manufacturers opened small gaps at the inter- say that glazed or face of brick and mortar. very smooth brick Case #2: Your new brick build- can be left un- ing, completed six months ago, masked and any ex- has begun to leak in rainy weath- cess grout removed er. An investigation shows no ma- from the face of the jor flaws in design or construc- brick w i t h a d a m p tion, but it does reveal a s p o n g eo r c l o t h . network of tiny cracks between M o r e often, though, the units and the shallow raked the brick are care- mortar joints. These apparently fully covered with were caused by shrinkage of the masking tape before mortar as it set, followed by grout is applied. chemical cleaning. In one study, In both cases, repointing would walls known to leak be one option likely to solve the were tested for wa- leakage problem. But properly ter permeance before Surface grouting has helped stop leaks in older brick d o n e , r e p o i n t i n g i s e x p e n s i v e , and after the joints buildings such as Bowman Hall at the University of Wis- and the condition of the mortar were mask-grouted. consin at Stoughton, where mortars joints are weathered joints described doesn’t seem to The tested walls av- but generally sound. warrant full repointing jobs. Fur- eraged a 93% reduc- joints aren’t badly damaged, just tion i n w a t e r p e r m e a n c e a f t e r 1 t h e r m o r e ,w h e n j o i n t sa r el e s st h a n eroded ⁄8 inch or so from normal 3 the typical ⁄8 inch wide, chipping t h e treatment (Ref. 2). weathering. The special grouts or grinding out the old mortar is Lynn Lauersdorf, chief of the designed for the process bond very hard to accomplish without building technology team for the well and seal the interface be- damaging the brick as well. Wisconsin Facilities Manage- tween the mortar and brick to ment Division, has overseen sev- stop leaks,” Lauersdorf says. Try surface grouting eral m a s k g r o u t i n g p r o j e c t s i n Before planning such work on In situations like these, sur- t h e past 20 to 25 years. Lauers- a historically significant build- face (or mask) grouting is anoth- dorf says the technique actually ing, however, it’s important to re- er option to consider. The process can be superior to repointing un- alize that the appearance of the consists of applying a thin coat of der certain circumstances. joints will change somewhat as a cement-based grout to the mortar “We’ve had tremendous suc- result. After long exposure to joints and the mortar/brick inter- cess with mask grouting on his- weather, the aggregate in mortar face. T h eB r i c kI n s t i t u t eo fA m e r i- toric buildings where the mortar joints becomes more prominent. add clean water, stirring until the mixture has the consistency of thick batter. Let it set for 10 to 15 minutes, then mix it thor- oughly just before using. Mix on- ly as much material as you can apply within 2 hours. The mate- rial can be retempered as needed within that time, but avoid re- tempering pigmented grout to maintain consistent color. 4. Dampen the mortar joint surfaces, but leave no free water. Then, following the joint lines, Grouting mortar (above), mixed to the apply the grout with a coarse- consistency of thick batter, is brushed fibered brush. Use short, diago- or floated over the wall surface follow- nal strokes to seal the brick/mor- ing the lines of the mortar joints. Brick faces (left) are carefully masked tar interface. Alternatively, you with tape before grouting mortar is ap- can apply the grout with a sponge or textured finish, you’d have a plied. float, using a circular motion. hard time sealing the edges with 5. Carefully strip the masking the tape,” Navis says. Surface grouts contain only very tape before the grout sets. “On the right kind of project, fine aggregate, and it isn’t appar- though, it’s a little faster and less ent in a finished job. The joints Laborious but effective expensive than full repointing— also may appear slightly wider C a lN a v i s of Wi s c o n s i nR e s t o r a- about two-thirds the cost. And a after grouting, if care is taken to tion, Verona, Wis., has performed veterans’ hospital we did back in ensure a good seal at the inter- several mask grouting projects the 1970s is holding up fantasti- face. over the past 20 years. He says cally well.” Lauersdorf says it’s a good idea the process is laborious, but can The hospital project was an to choose a grout color close to be both effective and economical eight-story building, with brick the brick color for best results. under the right circumstances. a c c o u n t i n g f o r a b o u t h a l f t h e Grout manufacturers produce the “Mask grouting works when wall area. Wisconsin Restoration material in a standard gray, but the joints are slightly eroded but crews worked from swing-stage will premix it to specific tints. basically in good shape. You have scaffolds and spent two days on Wisconsin’s guide specification to fill holes and repair deteriorat- each section of wall. The first day allows only premixed colors on ed mortar before applying the was spent masking the brick in state projects, to make sure the grout, so it’s probably not worth- the area covered by one full drop color is consistent. while if much preliminary work o f t h e s c a f f o l d . O n t h e s e c o n d is needed. Also, I’d only recom- day, workers brushed grout on Step by step mend it when you’re working with the joints in the same area, then Mask grouting should be done a hard, smooth brick. With a mat raised the swing-stage again and only when the outside air tem- worked down the wall removing perature is at least 50° F. The the tape. r e c o m m e n d e d p r o c e d u r e i s a s Surface grouting is not a pan- follows: acea for every leaky brick wall, 1. Fill small holes and repair but it can be an effective repair any seriously deteriorated mor- method for some of them. tar joints. Prepare the surfaces for grout application by remov- References ing any dust, dirt, efflorescence, 1. BIA Technical Notes on Brick Construc- paint, or previous water repellent tion 7F “Moisture Resistance of Brick Ma- treatments. sonry,” Brick Institute of America, 11490 2. Cover the brick faces with Commerce Park Dr., Reston, VA 22091. 2. Jerry G. Stockbridge, “Finding the Best strips of masking tape as wide as Way to Repair Mortar Joints,” Masonry the height of the brick. Use a ser- To be effective, grouting mortar must Construction, June 1988, pp.112-115. rated blade held tight against the cover the brick/mortar interface, thus slightly altering the joint’s appearance. wall to cut the strips of tape. Choosing a mortar color close to that PUBLICATION #M940423 3. Place dry grout material in a of the brick can minimize the visual im- Copyright © 1994, The Aberdeen Group clean container and gradually pact. All rights reserved.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Section 044200 - Exterior Stone Cladding
    METRO MASONRY ANNUAL CONTRACT 2018- 2023 SECTION 044200 - EXTERIOR STONE CLADDING PART 1 - GENERAL 1.1 RELATED DOCUMENTS A. Drawings and general provisions of the Contract, including General and Supplementary Conditions and Division 01 Specification Sections, apply to this Section. 1.2 SUMMARY A. Section includes all possible situations that may be encountered at Metro Properties and the several solutions for maintenance of stone masonry restoration and cleaning. The Metro Project Coordinator will direct the Contractor as to portions of the specification for each project. The Project may require the following: 1. Dimension stone panels set with individual anchors. 2. Dimension stone panels mechanically anchored on steel trusses. 3. Dimension stone panels mechanically anchored on steel strongback frames. 4. Dimension stone panels mechanically anchored on steel stud frames. 5. Dimension stone panels mechanically anchored (field installed) on a metal-grid system. 6. Dimension stone panels set in architectural precast concrete. 7. Dimension stone trim units, including bands; copings; sills; jambs; and soffits. 8. Dimension stone with carving or inscriptions. B. Related Requirements: 1. Division 03 Section "Precast Architectural Concrete" for setting dimension stone panels in architectural precast concrete units. 2. Division 04 Section "Unit Masonry" for installing inserts in unit masonry for anchoring dimension stone cladding and for stone trim in unit masonry walls. 3. Division 05 Section "Cold-Formed Metal Framing" for steel stud frames supporting dimension stone cladding. 4. Division 07 Section "Joint Sealants" for sealing joints in dimension stone cladding system with elastomeric sealants. 1.3 DEFINITIONS A. Definitions contained in ASTM C 119 apply to this Section.
    [Show full text]
  • Minimizing Grout Shading
    TB20 MINIMIZING GROUT SHADING CAUSES w Mix grout thoroughly by hand or with a low RPM (300 rpm) Inconsistent grout color is a condition where colored grout dries power mixer. to its expected color in some areas, a darker color in some areas w Always mix the grout powder into the liquid. and varying shades in-between. The main cause for this variation w Mix grout to a stiff, creamy, paste-like consistency. in color is uneven drying of the Portland cement in the grout. w Allow grout to rest (slake) once mixed, then remix. There are jobsite conditions and factors which create the conditions for uneven drying and improper cement hydration. w Discard grout when it becomes too stiff to work. Inconsistent grout color is not considered a manufacturing defect w Use the same procedure to grout all areas. due to the inconsistent nature of Portland cement. Portland w Use a rubber grout float to remove grout from tile during cement is a natural product, mined from the ground, with inherent installation. properties which cannot be completely controlled. w Allow grout to firm in the joint before any further cleaning is to Colored grouts, like concrete, are a combination of Portland be done. Porcelain tile will require more time. Grout is firm cement and an inert aggregate. It is not uncommon for concrete when it can only slightly be indented when pressed hard with driveways, or sidewalks to show discoloration and inconsistent your fingernail. color. Like colored grout, this is mainly due to the uneven drying w Use as little water as possible for clean-up.
    [Show full text]
  • Installation Details for Kerb & Edgings
    INSTALLATION DETAILS FOR KERB & EDGINGS Health and Safety Information Safe working practices should be employed at all times during the construction process and all necessary Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) should be worn. Drainage All paved surfaces require drainage. Where kerbs or edging are laid, this will restrict natural water flow off the paved area, so provision needs to be made to dispose of this water. This can be in the form of using cross fall and longitudinal fall to run water into areas of soft landscaping (i.e. a flowerbed or grassed area). However, where this is not possible, some form of drainage channel will need to be utilised. If laying kerbs or edgings next to a building, then care should be taken that the laid products are at least 150mm below the damp proof course level. Excavation To allow new kerb or edging to be installed correctly a certain amount of excavation will normally be required. The depth of this excavation will depend on several factors; the height of the kerb or edging selected, which way up it will be laid, and what upstand is intended. (i.e. the difference in height between the top of the kerb or edging and the paved surface in front of it). All organic materials such as grass should be removed from the excavation as this will rot and could cause possible settlement of the kerbs or edging and paving at a later stage. When the desired level has been reached the bottom of the excavation should be compacted to give an even surface.
    [Show full text]
  • A Masonry Wall and Slide Repair Using Soil Nails and Rock Dowels Drew Gelfenbein, Christopher Benda, PE and Peter Ingraham, PE 1.0 Background
    A Masonry Wall and Slide Repair Using Soil Nails and Rock Dowels Drew Gelfenbein, Christopher Benda, PE and Peter Ingraham, PE 1.0 Background In the middle of August 2003, Vermont experienced several days of very heavy rains which precipitated a slide failure on Vermont Route 73 in Forest Dale at approximately mile marker 6.36. A blocked culvert on the south side of VT 73 caused an overflow of water across the road surface and over an asphalt and wood curb down an embankment. This resulted in a significant amount of erosion, undermining of the road surface (Figure 1) and a washout of a timber cribbing retaining structure Figure 1: Undermining of north side of VT 73 located on the top of a mortared masonry wall (Figure 2). in Forest Dale. In the project area, VT 73 is constructed on a retained embankment in steep terrain formed in sub-vertically dipping schistose meta-greywacke. The embankment along a valley sidewall was originally built by constructing masonry retaining structures to span between a series of rock knobs. Soils mantling the rock in the valley consist of dense glacial till. The natural terrain was incised by the Neshobe River, which occupies the valley floor approximately 80 feet below and 100 feet north of the project retaining walls. After site visits by Vermont Agency of Transportation (VTrans) staff, it was decided that the laid up masonry wall immediately west of the slide area was also in desperate need of repair. The laid up masonry wall (Figure 3) was observed to have broken and missing blocks.
    [Show full text]
  • Non-Shrink Precision Grout 1585-00
    NON-SHRINK PRECISION GROUT DIVISION 3 2 PRODUCT NO. 1585-00, -02 03 62 00 Non-Shrink Grouting PRODUCT DESCRIPTION QUIKRETE Non-Shrink Precision Grout is a high-strength, non-metallic, non-shrink grout designed for precision grouting and general construction applications. It can be mixed to a fluid, flowable, or plastic consistency requiring only the addition of clean water. PRODUCT USE Typical applications for QUIKRETE Non-Shrink Precision Grout include grouting of: • All types of machinery • Steel columns • Bearing plates PHYSICAL/CHEMICAL • Precast concrete QUIKRETE Non-Shrink Precision Grout complies with the physical • Other anchoring or void filling conditions that require high strength requirements of ASTM C1107 and CRD 621. Typical results obtained The non-shrink characteristics of Non-Shrink Precision Grout make it for QUIKRETE Non-Shrink Precision Grout, when tested at 73.5 ºF ± stable and capable of handling high load transfers. 3.5 ºF (23.0 ºC ± 2.0 ºC), are shown in Table 2. SIZES INSTALLATION • 50 lb (22.6 kg) bags SURFACE PREPARATION Wear the appropriate personal protective equipment. All grouting YIELD surfaces should be clean and free of foreign substances including 3 • Each 50 lb (22.6 kg) bag will yield 0.45 ft (12.7 L) at flowable corrosion, if present on steel. Remove all spalled areas and areas of consistency unsound concrete. Preparation work done on the grouting surfaces should be completed by high pressure water blast, breaker, hammer, or TECHNICAL DATA other appropriate mechanical means to obtain a properly prepared APPLICABLE STANDARDS surface. Saturate repair area with clean water before grouting to ensure • ASTM C109 Standard Test Method for Compressive Strength of SSD condition.
    [Show full text]
  • Concrete Repair Mortars Pocket Guide © 2020 the Euclid 4 Hour 3,000 (21) 2,000 (14) Chemical Company
    The Euclid Chemical Company The Euclid Chemical Company VERTICAL & OVERHEAD VERTICAL & OVERHEAD SURFACES For more than a century, The Euclid SURFACES Chemical Company has served as a TROWELABLE & leading supplier to the concrete and PLACEMENT CATEGORY FORM AND POUR/PUMP CEMENTITIOUS TROWELABLE SPRAYABLE UNDERWATER FORM AND POUR/PUMP Verticoat Supreme SPRAYABLE masonry industry offering a full line EucoRepair SCC Microsilica and latex modified, non-sag of engineered concrete admixture Self-consolidating structural repair mortar repair mortar for trowel applied vertical and construction products marketed CONCRETE EucoRepair SCC Tamms Verticoat Speed Crete Tamms Speed Crete and overhead repairs requiring high Eucocrete EucoRepair V100 Eucopatch Tammscrete Verticoat Speed Crete PM Eucoshot under the EUCO brand name. These that is shrinkage compensated and PRODUCT NAME EucoRepair SCC Fast Form and Pour Supreme Red Line Structural Mortar Blue Line REPAIR contains polymer, microfiber, and corrosion performance. products include concrete admixtures, block and masonry additives, curing inhibitor. Can be placed from 1 inch (25 Verticoat and sealing compounds, epoxy MORTARS mm) to full depth without aggregate Two part latex modified mortar that sets Self-Consolidating, Fiber adhesives, floor and wall coatings, extension. Also available in a faster setting rapidly for quick and easy repair of vertical High Strength, Smaller Aggregate, Low Shrinkage, Versatile, Color Polymer Modified, Corrosion Inhibitor, Fast Setting, Can be Underwater PRODUCT Fiber Reinforced, Low Two Part, Polymer Reinforced, structural grouts for columns, version, EucoRepair SCC Fast. Full Depth Repairs Enhanced Fiber Reinforced, Similar to Plain Smooth Consistency Polymer and Shaved to Desired Polymer Modified Silica Fume Modified Patching Material, or overhead concrete surfaces.
    [Show full text]
  • Mortar Mix No
    Mortar Mix No. 1102 PRODUCT DESCRIPTION when they become "thumb print" hard. This will make the mortar joint water-tight and provide a Basic use: QUIKRETE® Mortar Mix (#1102) is neat appearance. a type N masonry mortar for use in laying brick, Coverage: Refer to table 1 for approximate block or stone; and repairing of masonry walls. coverage for each bag size. Use for brick or stone fireplaces, brick walls, block walls, parge coats, tuck pointing, stucco Table 1: Mortar Mix Usage Chart and plaster. Bag Size Standard Block Standard ® 8" X 8" X 16" Brick Composition and materials: QUIKRETE (200 mm X 200 mm X 8" X 2" X 4" Mortar (Masonry) Mix consists of a uniformly 410 mm) (200 mm X 50 blended mixture of fine sand, and type N mm X 100 mm) masonry cement. 80-lb. 12 37 Packaging: Available in three sizes: 80 lbs. (36.3 kg) (36.3 kg), 60 lbs. (27.2 kg), and 40 lbs. (18.1 28 kg). 60 lbs. 9 (27.2 kg) Technical Data QUIKRETE® Mortar Mix meets and exceeds the 40 lbs. 6 19 physical property requirements of ASTM (18.1 kg) designation 387 (Standard Specifications for Packaged, Dry, Combined Materials for Mortar Tuck Pointing or Repointing and Concrete) and ASTM C 270 for Type N Mortar. Product achieves a compressive Mixing: Mix QUIKRETE Mortar Mix with just strength in excess of 750 psi (5.17 MPa) in 28 enough water to form a damp unworkable mix day. that retains its form when pressed into a ball in the hand.
    [Show full text]
  • TIPS for MIXING MORTAR for MASONRY Masonry Cement Is Basically Normal Portland Cement with Ingredients to Provide the Plasticity Required for Masonry Work
    TIPS FOR MIXING MORTAR FOR MASONRY Masonry Cement is basically normal Portland cement with ingredients to provide the plasticity required for masonry work. Masonry cements are pre-packaged as either Type N Masonry Cement or Type S Masonry Cement. Type N Masonry mortar is recommended for general use in non-load bearing walls as well as in exterior veneer walls not requiring high strength. Type S Masonry mortar is recommended for use in all masonry be- low grade as well as in exterior load bearing walls requiring high strength. Type N Masonry Cement or Type S Masonry Cement can also be used in parging and stucco work. DO NOT use masonry cements for concrete jobs. Masonry cements are mixed with sand in the following proportions (by volume).: 1 part Type N or Type S Masonry Cement 3 parts damp, loose brick sand Mix the cement and sand. Add water until the mortar is of suit- able “buttery” consistency. One bag of masonry cement is required to lay 35-40 blocks or 135 bricks. Caution: Freshly mixed cement, mortar, concrete, or grout may cause skin injury. Avoid contact with skin whenever possible and wash ex- posed skin areas promptly with water. If any cement or cement mix- tures get into the eyes, rinse immediately and repeatedly with water and get prompt medical attention. Keep children away from cement powder and all freshly mixed cement products. This publication is intended for general information purposes only. St. Marys Cement Inc. disclaim any and all responsibility and liability for the application of the informa- tion contained in this publication to the full extent permitted by law.
    [Show full text]
  • Chapter 15 – Table of Contents
    Bridge Maintenance Course Series Reference Manual Chapter 15 – Table of Contents Chapter 15 - Channel and Waterway ....................................................................................... 15-1 15.1 Identifying Scour and Erosion – Waterway Mechanics ..................................................... 15-1 15.2 Preventive and Basic Maintenance for Channels and Waterway ..................................... 15-5 15.2.1 Debris Removal ............................................................................................................... 15-5 15.2.2 Vegetation Removal ........................................................................................................ 15-8 15.3 Repair and Rehabilitation of Channel and Waterway ....................................................... 15-8 15.3.1 Placement of Riprap and Gabions ................................................................................ 15-11 15.2.2 Tremie Concrete ........................................................................................................... 15-19 15.2.3 Grout Bag Placement .................................................................................................... 15-20 15.2.4 Sheet Piling.................................................................................................................... 15-24 15.2.5 Articulated Block ........................................................................................................... 15-25 15.3 Chapter 15 Reference List ...............................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Illustrated Glossary of Stone Industry Terms an Excerpt from the Dimension Stone Design Manual, Version VIII (May 2016)
    Illustrated Glossary of Stone Industry Terms An excerpt from the Dimension Stone Design Manual, Version VIII (May 2016) Produced and Published by the Marble Institute of America 380 East Lorain St. Oberlin, Ohio 44074 Telephone: 440-250-9222 Fax: 440-774-9222 www.naturalstoneinstitute.org © 2016 All rights reserved. No part of this document may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by means electronic or mechanical, including photocopy, recording, or by an information storage and retrieval system, without written permission from the Natural Stone Institute. GLOSSARY OF STONE INDUSTRY TERMS Additional references are listed at the end of this glossary. A repellents, coloring agents or to adjust the curing rate of the concrete or mortar. Abate In stone carving, to cut away material, Adoquin leaving parts in relief. A volcanic, quartz based stone containing a variety of colored aggregates and pumice Abrasive Finish in a quartz matrix. Quarried in Mexico. A non-reflective surface finish. An abrasive finish may be defined by the grit size of Agate the abrasive. A variegated, translucent, cryptocrystal- line variety of quartz showing colored Abrasive Hardness (Ha) bands or other markings (clouded, moss- A measure of the wearing performance like, etc.). of stone for floors, stair treads, and other areas subjected to abrasion by foot traffic. Agglomerated Stone Refer to ASTM C241 and C1353. A manmade product composed of crushed stone combined with resin. See also en- Absorption gineered stone and cultured stone. The amount of water absorbed by a stone, expressed as a percentage by weight. Refer Aggregate to ASTM C97. A small mass of rock, having occurred naturally (as in sand or gravel) or by means Abutment of manufacture (as in a crushed aggregate A solid stone “springer” at the lowest product), used either in a loose, noncohesive point of an arch or vault.
    [Show full text]
  • Dimension Stone Masonry and Anchors 11/20/02
    ITEM 10560.01 M – DIMENSION STONE MASONRY AND ANCHORS DESCRIPTION: The work shall consist of completely furnishing, placing, erecting and installing dimension stone masonry for the new Control house, the new NW gatehouse, the new NE gatehouse, the new SE gatehouse and the new Generator House. The work shall include all stone and anchors indicated on the drawings and as specified herein. Concrete work for the walls shall be specified under a separate item number. MATERIALS: Materials shall meet the material requirements of the following sections, subsections and as noted herein and as indicated in the contract plans. Dimension Stone Masonry and Stone Anchors: The dimension stone masonry and anchorage system shall consist of all dimension stone units, supports, anchors, and inserts, as indicated on the drawings. The dimension stone veneer system shall conform to the design as indicated on the drawings including locations of joints, sizes, shapes, colors and textures of the stones. All detailing including arches, keystones, quoins, sills and lintels, shall be included as part of the dimension stone masonry veneer system. Stone units shall be free from cracks and seams. Stone shall conform to the following: Marble Institute of America (MIA) National Building Quarries Association, Inc. (NBQA) American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM)-ASTM C99 The structural design shall comply with all requirements for seismic design, wind loading and thermal movement. Anchors shall conform to the following American Society of Testing Materials (ASTM) standards: ASTM A167 – Stainless and Heat-Resisting Chromium-Nickel Steel Plate, Sheet, and Strip ASTM A240 – Chromium and Chromium-Nickel Stainless Steel Plate, Sheet, and Strip for Pressure Vessels and for General Applications ASTM A82 – Steel Wire, Plain, for Concrete Reinforcement ASTM A580 – Stainless Steel Wire Anchors shall be a combination of dovetail slots, flexible ties, rigid bars, and split anchors.
    [Show full text]
  • Testing Machine for Expansive Mortar R
    Testing machine for Expansive Mortar R. A. V. Silva 1 1Departamento de Engenharia de Materiais – Universidade Federal de Campina Grande – PB _____________________________________________________________________________________ Abstract: The correct evaluation of a material property is fundamental to, on their application; they met all expectations that were designed for. In development of an expansive cement for ornamental rocks purpose, was denoted the absence of methodologies and equipments to evaluate the expansive pressure and temperature of expansive cement during their expansive process, having that data collected in a static state of the specimen. In that paper, is described equipment designed for evaluation of pressure and temperature of expansive cements applied to ornamental rocks. Keywords: Expansive cements; Tests; Test Equipment. _____________________________________________________________________________________ 1. Introduction These manufacturers typically have different formulations for each temperature range, the A mortar is a material resulting from a mixture main variables that are modified in these of aggregates (fine), one or more binders, water formulations are takes time and evolution of and any additives in order to improve their forces in the middle. Another relevant factor is properties. The mortars are designed to meet the that the expansion should take place without most common functions such as settlement and overflow hole, ie, following an order to the coat of masonry elements (walls, columns, preferentially unilateral expansion, which is facades, etc.).. Besides these commonly used obtained by hardening of the mortar in contact mortars, we still have some special-purpose, with the expanding air in the orifice area among which stands out in this paper expansive quickly after application. mortar. Huynh & LAEFER, (2009) cite the composition The mortar is an expansive non-explosive of expansive mortar shown in Table 1.
    [Show full text]