Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-83927-3 - Fundamentals of Structural Geology David D. Pollard and Raymond C. Fletcher Index More information
Index
acceleration convention dip of gravity 251 on-in 209 angle of 55 linear 246 right-hand 54, 90, 99, 216, 247 apparent 55 particle 263 coordinates direction of 54 vector 245 Eulerian 263 direction angle 38, 42, 68 accretionary wedge 393, 410 Lagrangian 262 direction cosine 43 ,68 Airy stress function 310, 313 material 262 direction number 112 Amonton’s law 351 right-handed 36, 39 dislocation Anderson’s standard state 229 spatial 263 core 302 anisotropy 325, 416 coordinate system edge 301 elastic 325 Cartesian 34, 36 glide plane 302 viscous 416 cylindrical 44 line 301 annum 124 elliptical 47 screw 302 anticrack 17 polar 45 displacement arc length 82 spherical 48 discontinuity of 469 azimuth 54 correspondence principle 387 gradient of 185 Coulomb vector 160, 185, 191 basin and range 436 criterion 358 divergence 268 binomial distribution 67 critical angle 360 divergence theorem 275 boundary condition 46, 132, 214 critical stress 361 ductile state 338 boundary value problem 10, 236, stress 359 dynamics 279, 285, 299, 308, 388 curvature particle 245 boudinage 423 Gaussian 114 rigid body 248 brittle state 334, 338 mean principal normal 114 brittle-ductile transition 7 principal normal 110, 113 effective spring constant 202 Buckingham theorem 140 principal directions of normal 111, effective thickness 466 Burgers vector 302 113 eigenvalue 219 Byerlee’s law 354 radius of 86 eigenvector 219 scalar 85 elastic modulus cartographic criterion vector 84 bulk 298 equidistance, conformality, cylindrical structure 299 shear 278, 298 equivalency 30 Lame’s 278, 299 Cauchy’s tetrahedron 203, 213, damage zone 355 Poisson’s ratio 295 215 datum 27 tangent 294 Cauchy’s formula 213 sea level 29 Young’s 294 center of gravity 252 deformation elastic solid center of mass 249 gradient 185, 190 linear 292 cleavage 169 Green tensor of 190 non-linear 293 compatibility 310, 314 homogeneous 154, 189 orthotropic 329 compliance 326 inelastic 293 transversally isotropic composite material 446 progressive 177 328 compressibility 295 degree Celsius 124 elastic heterogeneity 323 conservation law diapir 137 element of angular momentum 252, 274 differential geometry 75 linear 52 of linear momentum 250, 269 dike 9, 40, 47, 100 planar 52 of mass 266 dimensional analysis 127 epicenter 7 constitutive law 276, 278, 283, 326, direct method of 133, 135 equation of state 283 416 Rayleigh method of 137 equilibrium continuity 266, 268 dimensional homogeneity 128 quasi-static 280, 309 continuum 124 dimensionless group 132 static 251, 253
© Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-83927-3 - Fundamentals of Structural Geology David D. Pollard and Raymond C. Fletcher Index More information
498 INDEX
Euclidean space 37 propagation of 354 lineation Euler’s theorem 111 shear 334 discrete 77 sliding 372 penetrative 64, 77, 80 fabric splitting 334 metamorphic 64 diagram of 64 tearing 372 superficial 77 failure criterion fracture toughness 357 local rate of change 265 Griffith 369 friction lubrication theory 394 Coulomb 358 coefficient of 353 failure surface 345 coefficient of internal 359 mass 245 fault dynamic 352 material continuum 124 normal 70 static 351 material line 154, 185 reverse 70 frictional strength 353 material time derivative 266 strike-slip 72 fundamental form matrix termination of 13 first 103 column 50 thrust 256 coefficients of 104, 108 identity 219 tipline of 13 second 108 row 50 fault-plane solution 228 Froude Number 147 square 51 fluid metrology 122 anisotropic viscous 481 Gauss’s theorem 275 minimal surface 114 power-law 389, 423, 426 geographic coordinates Mohr diagram 223 linear viscous 282, 385, (easting, northing, elevation) 31 momentum fold (latitude, longitude, elevation) 27 angular 247, 248 antiformal 114 geoid 29 linear 246 axial surface of 92 geometric model 158 principle of 273 axis of 80, 92 Global Positioning System (GPS) 29 motion chevron 168, 418 graben 9 equation of 269, 272, 279, 285 cylindrical 81, 92 great circle 59 referential description of 260 dominant wavelength of 407 spatial description of 263 hinge of 92 homogeneous equation 219 moving trihedron 89 single layer 403 homogeneous material property 293 mullion 397 synformal 114 Hooke’s law 297, 325 foliation 64 hyperbolic function 47 nappe 155, 394 forward problem 153 hypocenter 8 neotectonics 159 force net body 196 incompressible 269, 284, 295, 387 Wulff (meridional stereographic) resultant 245, 250 index (dummy, free) 49 57 surface 196 indicial notation 49 Schmidt 63 flow inertial frame of reference 245, 247, Newton’s First Law 246 antiplane 388 249 Newton’s Second Law 204, 246 barotropic 183 inflection point 85 Newton’s Third Law 200 laminar 137 inverse problem 153 normal (pole) to a planar element plane 388 isochemical 244 62 steady 138, 165, 265, 386, 388 isothermal 244, 260, 293 turbulent 137 isotropy oöid 153 flux elastic 297 order of magnitude 123 mass 267 viscous 387 osculating plane 108, 110 momentum 270 fracture kinematic model 158 parametric representation 79, 93 extension 334 kinematics 158, 160 passive folding 175 hydraulic 234 kinetics 244 perfect confinement 234 mechanics of 356 Kronecker delta 50 photoelasticity 194, 226, 356 modes of 371,372 physical dimension 127 opening 237, 239, 354, 371 laccolith 21, 133, 461 plane curve 91 potential shear 358, 360 Lamé’s constant 278, 299 plate theory 463
© Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-83927-3 - Fundamentals of Structural Geology David D. Pollard and Raymond C. Fletcher Index More information
INDEX 499
plunge sliding principal normal 216, angle of 55 stable 351 principal trajectory of 220 direction of 55 stick-slip 351 shadow 325 Poisson’s ratio 295 slip shear component of 210 preferred orientation 64 dip 3 supplementary 469 pressure left-, right-lateral 18 tensile 208 breakdown 235, 237 strike 72 stress tensor 211, 214 confining 335, 345 small circle 59 Cartesian components of driving 290 Smoluchowski Number 148 cylindrical components of 212 effective confining 349 solution seam (surface) 17 deviation 346 mean normal 283 spring constant 202, 290 invariant of 221, 345 pore 346, 350 Stokes condition 284 stress-strain curve 338 re-opening 238 Stokes Number 148 stretch 154, 186 shut-in 235 strain strike static 283 axial 338 azimuth of 54 thermodynamic 283 bulk 172 line of 54 principal value problem 219 plain 299 substantial derivative 266 projection strain-rate thinning 423 summation convention 49 gnomonic 30 strain softening 423 Lambert (equal area) 63 strain tensor tangent plane 97 map 30 infinitesimal 186, 190, 278, 281, tensor stereographic (equal angle) 56 300 fourth-rank (order) 326 Universal Transverse Mercator Lagrangian 190 second-rank (order) 185, 214, 226 (UTM) 30 three-dimensional 190, 191 test prototype 144 two-dimensional 186 compression 319, 335 stream function 165 extension 334 rake 56 streamline 165 triaxial 347 Ramberg Number 148 strength 337 topographic contour 27 rate of twist 101 differential 347 torsion 90 reductionism 24, 456, 462 inherent shear 359 traction reference circle 56 intrinsic tensile 366 director surface 205 reference sphere 56 maximum shear 358 ellipsoid 205 reflection 39 octahedral shear 346 free surface 231, 310, 315 representative elementary area triaxial compressive 347 vector 198 203 uniaxial tensile, compressive transformation Reynolds transport theorem 275 342 coordinate (rotation) 39 Reynolds Number 137 stress homogeneous linear 174 rigidity axial 338 translation (rigid) 313 effective flexural 465 compressive 210 transpression 391, 393 flexural 464 concentration of 227, 237, 357 rotation (pure) 187 differential 347 umbilical point 113 rotation (rigid) 313 effective 348 unit vector hydrostatic 229, 298 binormal 89 scale factor 134, 137 intensity of 357, 372 normal 99, 107 scientific notation 123 in situ 234 principal normal 88 seismic reflection survey 11 isotropic state of 228 tangent 82 shear zone 334 lithostatic state of 230 unit of measurement 122 SI units 122 maximum shear 221, 358 UTM grid 33 significant figures 123 mean normal 298 similarity near-tip 356, 372 vector geometric 145 normal component of 208 base 36 kinematic 145 octahedral normal 346 cross product 87 dynamic 146 octahedral shear 346 dyadic product 270 slickenline 53 polyaxial state of 345 fixed 37
© Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-83927-3 - Fundamentals of Structural Geology David D. Pollard and Raymond C. Fletcher Index More information
500 INDEX
vector (cont.) particle 262 Newtonian 386 null 219 rupture 8 non-Newtonian 422 orthonormal basis 36 vector 247, 262, 264 position 34, 37 viscosity wellbore breakout 239 scalar component of 36 bulk 284 work scalar product 42 Newtonian 284, 386 principle of virtual 341 triple scalar product 90 Paul estimate of 449 vein 17 Reuss estimate of 447 xenolith 161 velocity Voight estimate of 448 local 264 viscous fluid Young’s modulus 294
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