Tip-Enhanced Strong Coupling Spectroscopy, Imaging, and Control of a Single Quantum Emitter
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Manipulating Type-I and Type-II Dirac Polaritons in Cavity-Embedded Honeycomb Metasurfaces
ORE Open Research Exeter TITLE Manipulating Type-I and Type-II Dirac Polaritons in Cavity-Embedded Honeycomb Metasurfaces AUTHORS Mann, C-R; Sturges, TJ; Weick, G; et al. JOURNAL Nature Communications DEPOSITED IN ORE 21 March 2018 This version available at http://hdl.handle.net/10871/33238 COPYRIGHT AND REUSE Open Research Exeter makes this work available in accordance with publisher policies. A NOTE ON VERSIONS The version presented here may differ from the published version. If citing, you are advised to consult the published version for pagination, volume/issue and date of publication ARTICLE DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-03982-7 OPEN Manipulating type-I and type-II Dirac polaritons in cavity-embedded honeycomb metasurfaces Charlie-Ray Mann 1, Thomas J. Sturges 1, Guillaume Weick2, William L. Barnes 1 & Eros Mariani1 Pseudorelativistic Dirac quasiparticles have emerged in a plethora of artificial graphene systems that mimic the underlying honeycomb symmetry of graphene. However, it is notoriously difficult to manipulate their properties without modifying the lattice structure. 1234567890():,; Here we theoretically investigate polaritons supported by honeycomb metasurfaces and, despite the trivial nature of the resonant elements, we unveil rich Dirac physics stemming from a non-trivial winding in the light–matter interaction. The metasurfaces simultaneously exhibit two distinct species of massless Dirac polaritons, namely type-I and type-II. By modifying only the photonic environment via an enclosing cavity, one can manipulate the location of the type-II Dirac points, leading to qualitatively different polariton phases. This enables one to alter the fundamental properties of the emergent Dirac polaritons while preserving the lattice structure—a unique scenario which has no analog in real or artificial graphene systems. -
Arxiv:1707.04503V2 [Physics.Optics] 4 Mar 2018 2
Manipulating Type-I and Type-II Dirac Polaritons in Cavity-Embedded Honeycomb Metasurfaces Charlie-Ray Mann,1 Thomas J. Sturges,1 Guillaume Weick,2 William L. Barnes,1 and Eros Mariani1 1EPSRC Centre for Doctoral Training in Metamaterials (XM2), Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Exeter, Exeter, EX4 4QL, United Kingdom. 2Universite´ de Strasbourg, CNRS, Institut de Physique et Chimie des Materiaux´ de Strasbourg, UMR 7504, F-67000 Strasbourg, France. Pseudorelativistic Dirac quasiparticles have emerged in a plethora of artificial graphene systems that mimic the underlying honeycomb symmetry of graphene. However, it is notoriously difficult to manipulate their properties without modifying the lattice structure. Here we theoretically investigate polaritons supported by honeycomb metasurfaces and, despite the trivial nature of the resonant elements, we unveil rich Dirac physics stemming from a non-trivial winding in the light-matter interaction. A new kind of type-II Dirac point emerges which simultaneously exists with its conventional type-I counterpart. By modifying only the photonic environment via an enclosing cavity, one can manipulate the location of the type-II Dirac points, leading to distinct polariton phases. This enables one to alter the fundamental properties of the emergent Dirac polaritons while preserv- ing the lattice structure—a unique scenario which has no analog in real or artificial graphene systems so far. Exploiting the photonic environment will thus give rise to unexplored Dirac physics at the subwavelength scale. arXiv:1707.04503v2 [physics.optics] 4 Mar 2018 2 The groundbreaking discovery of monolayer graphene [1] has inspired an extensive quest to emulate massless Dirac quasi- particles in a myriad of distinct artificial graphene systems [2–11], ranging from ultracold atoms in optical lattices [3] to evanescently coupled photonic waveguide arrays [4]. -
Continuous Transition Between Weak and Ultra-Strong Coupling Through Exceptional Points in Carbon Nanotube Micro-Cavity Exciton Polaritons
Continuous Transition between Weak and Ultra-strong Coupling through Exceptional Points in Carbon Nanotube Micro-cavity Exciton Polaritons Weilu Gao,1 Xinwei Li,1 Motoaki Bamba,2 and Junichiro Kono1;3;4;∗ 1Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA 2Department of Materials Engineering Science, Osaka University, 1-3 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan 3Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA 4Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA ∗To whom correspondence should be addressed; E-mail: [email protected]. 1 Non-perturbative coupling of photons and excitons produces hybrid particles, exciton po- laritons, which have exhibited a variety of many-body phenomena in various micro-cavity systems. However, the vacuum Rabi splitting (VRS), which defines the strength of photon- exciton coupling, is usually a single constant for a given system. Here, we have developed a unique architecture in which excitons in an aligned single-chirality carbon nanotube film interact with cavity photons in polarisation-dependent manners. The system reveals ultra- strong coupling (VRS up to 329 meV or a coupling-strength-to-transition-energy ratio of 13.3%) for polarisation parallel to the nanotube axis, whereas VRS is absent for perpendic- ular polarisation. Between these two extremes, VRS is continuously tunable through polar- isation rotation with exceptional points separating crossing and anti-crossing. The points between exceptional points form equi-energy arcs onto which the upper and lower polari- tons coalesce. The demonstrated on-demand ultra-strong coupling provides ways to explore topological properties of polaritons and quantum technology applications. -
Topological Magnetoplasmon
ARTICLE Received 30 Jun 2016 | Accepted 3 Oct 2016 | Published 28 Nov 2016 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms13486 OPEN Topological magnetoplasmon Dafei Jin1, Ling Lu2,3, Zhong Wang4,5, Chen Fang2,3, John D. Joannopoulos3, Marin Soljacˇic´3, Liang Fu3 & Nicholas X. Fang1 Classical wave fields are real-valued, ensuring the wave states at opposite frequencies and momenta to be inherently identical. Such a particle–hole symmetry can open up new possibilities for topological phenomena in classical systems. Here we show that the historically studied two-dimensional (2D) magnetoplasmon, which bears gapped bulk states and gapless one-way edge states near-zero frequency, is topologically analogous to the 2D topological p þ ip superconductor with chiral Majorana edge states and zero modes. We further predict a new type of one-way edge magnetoplasmon at the interface of opposite magnetic domains, and demonstrate the existence of zero-frequency modes bounded at the peripheries of a hollow disk. These findings can be readily verified in experiment, and can greatly enrich the topological phases in bosonic and classical systems. 1 Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA. 2 Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences/Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Beijing 100190, China. 3 Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA. 4 Institute for Advanced Study, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China. 5 Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Beijing 100871, China. Correspondence and requests for materials should be addressed to L.L. (email: [email protected]) or to N.X.F. (email: [email protected]). -
Quantifying Photoinduced Carriers Transport in Exciton–Polariton
www.nature.com/npj2dmaterials ARTICLE OPEN Quantifying photoinduced carriers transport in exciton–polariton coupling of MoS2 monolayers ✉ Min-Wen Yu 1,2, Satoshi Ishii 2 , Shisheng Li 2, Ji-Ren Ku3, Jhen-Hong Yang 4, Kuan-Lin Su3, Takaaki Taniguchi 2, ✉ Tadaaki Nagao 2,5 and Kuo-Ping Chen 3 Exciton–polariton coupling between transition metal dichalcogenide (TMD) monolayer and plasmonic nanostructures generates additional states that are rich in physics, gaining significant attention in recent years. In exciton–polariton coupling, the understanding of electronic-energy exchange in Rabi splitting is critical. The typical structures that have been adopted to study the coupling are “TMD monolayers embedded in a metallic-nanoparticle-on-mirror (NPoM) system.” However, the exciton orientations are not parallel to the induced dipole direction of the NPoM system, which leads to inefficient coupling. Our proposed one- dimensional plasmonic nanogrooves (NGs) can align the MoS2 monolayers’ exciton orientation and plasmon polaritons in parallel, which addresses the aforementioned issue. In addition, we clearly reveal the maximum surface potential (SP) change on intermediate coupled sample by the photo-excitation caused by the carrier rearrangement. As a result, a significant Rabi splitting (65 meV) at room temperature is demonstrated. Furthermore, we attribute the photoluminescence enhancement to the parallel exciton–polariton interactions. npj 2D Materials and Applications (2021) 5:47 ; https://doi.org/10.1038/s41699-021-00227-y 1234567890():,; 18 19 INTRODUCTION (e.g., 240 meV for MoS2, and 700 meV for WS2) are significantly γ γ = Strong light–matter interactions exhibit many compelling features, higher than ( ~ kBT 26 meV) at room temperature. -
Reconfigurable Photon Sources Based on Quantum Plexcitonic Systems
Reconfigurable photon sources based on quantum plexcitonic systems Jia-Bin You,y,# Xiao Xiong,y,# Ping Bai,y Zhang-Kai Zhou,z Ren-Min Ma,{ Wan-Li Yang,x Yu-Kun Lu,{ Yun-Feng Xiao,{ Ching Eng Png,y Francisco J. Garcia-Vidal,∗,k Cheng-Wei Qiu,∗,? and Lin Wu∗,y yInstitute of High Performance Computing, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research (A*STAR), 1 Fusionopolis Way, #16-16 Connexis, Singapore 138632. zState Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Physics, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, P. R. China. {State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics and Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China. xState Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, P. R. China. kDepartamento de Fisica Teorica de la Materia Condensada and Condensed Matter Physics Center (IFIMAC), Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, E-28049 Madrid, Spain. arXiv:2005.01644v1 [quant-ph] 4 May 2020 ?Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 3, Singapore 117583. #These two authors contributed equally. E-mail: [email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected] Abstract 1 A single photon in a strongly nonlinear cavity is able to block the transmission of the second photon, thereby converting incident coherent light into anti-bunched light, which is known as photon blockade effect. On the other hand, photon anti- pairing, where only the entry of two photons is blocked and the emission of bunches of three or more photons is allowed, is based on an unconventional photon blockade mechanism due to destructive interference of two distinct excitation pathways. -
Light Matter Interaction in Plexcitonic Crystals and Moire´ Cavities
LIGHT MATTER INTERACTION IN PLEXCITONIC CRYSTALS AND MOIRE´ CAVITIES a dissertation submitted to the graduate school of engineering and science of bilkent university in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of doctor of philosophy in physics By Ertu˘grulKarademir January, 2015 LIGHT MATTER INTERACTION IN PLEXCITONIC CRYSTALS AND MOIRE´ CAVITIES By Ertu˘grulKarademir January, 2015 We certify that we have read this thesis and that in our opinion it is fully adequate, in scope and in quality, as a dissertation for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. Prof. Dr. Atilla Aydınlı(Advisor) Prof. Dr. Ayhan Altınta¸s Prof. Dr. Ra¸sitTuran Assoc. Prof. Ceyhun Bulutay Asst. Prof. Co¸skunKocaba¸s Approved for the Graduate School of Engineering and Science: Prof. Dr. Levent Onural Director of the Graduate School ii ABSTRACT LIGHT MATTER INTERACTION IN PLEXCITONIC CRYSTALS AND MOIRE´ CAVITIES Ertu˘grulKarademir Ph.D. in Physics Advisor: Prof. Dr. Atilla Aydınlı January, 2015 Surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) are quanta of electromagnetic excitations at the interface between metal and dielectric media. SPPs with an evanescent tail in the perpendicular direction, thus their properties are sensitive to variations in the optical properties of the dielectrics film. If SPPs are created near exci- tonic media, coupling between excitons and SPs can be achieved. In this thesis, interaction dynamics of SPP-exciton coupling is investigated. In weak coupling case, properties of SPPs and excitons are perturbed as the enhancement of the optical absorption in excitonic matrices. In the strong coupling, coupled pairs (plexcitons) causes Rabi splitting in SPP dispersion curves. By patterning the metal−dielectric interface with sine profile grating, it is possible to form a band gap on the dispersion curve, width of which can be tuned by the groove depth and SPP-Exciton coupling can be engineered. -
Manipulating Type-I and Type-II Dirac Polaritons in Cavity-Embedded Honeycomb Metasurfaces
ARTICLE DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-03982-7 OPEN Manipulating type-I and type-II Dirac polaritons in cavity-embedded honeycomb metasurfaces Charlie-Ray Mann 1, Thomas J. Sturges 1, Guillaume Weick2, William L. Barnes 1 & Eros Mariani1 Pseudorelativistic Dirac quasiparticles have emerged in a plethora of artificial graphene systems that mimic the underlying honeycomb symmetry of graphene. However, it is notoriously difficult to manipulate their properties without modifying the lattice structure. 1234567890():,; Here we theoretically investigate polaritons supported by honeycomb metasurfaces and, despite the trivial nature of the resonant elements, we unveil rich Dirac physics stemming from a non-trivial winding in the light–matter interaction. The metasurfaces simultaneously exhibit two distinct species of massless Dirac polaritons, namely type-I and type-II. By modifying only the photonic environment via an enclosing cavity, one can manipulate the location of the type-II Dirac points, leading to qualitatively different polariton phases. This enables one to alter the fundamental properties of the emergent Dirac polaritons while preserving the lattice structure—a unique scenario which has no analog in real or artificial graphene systems. Exploiting the photonic environment will thus give rise to unexplored Dirac physics at the subwavelength scale. 1 EPSRC Centre for Doctoral Training in Metamaterials (XM2), Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Exeter, Exeter EX4 4QL, UK. 2 Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Institut de Physique et Chimie des Matériaux de Strasbourg, UMR 7504, F-67000 Strasbourg, France. Correspondence and requests for materials should be addressed to C.-R.M. (email: [email protected]) or to E.M. -
Polariton Panorama (QED) with Atomic Systems
Nanophotonics 2021; 10(1): 549–577 Review D. N. Basov*, Ana Asenjo-Garcia, P. James Schuck, Xiaoyang Zhu and Angel Rubio Polariton panorama https://doi.org/10.1515/nanoph-2020-0449 (QED) with atomic systems. Here, we attempt to summarize Received August 5, 2020; accepted October 2, 2020; (in alphabetical order) some of the polaritonic nomenclature published online November 11, 2020 in the two subfields. We hope this summary will help readers to navigate through the vast literature in both of Abstract: In this brief review, we summarize and elaborate these fields [1–520]. Apart from its utilitarian role, this on some of the nomenclature of polaritonic phenomena summary presents a broad panorama of the physics and and systems as they appear in the literature on quantum technology of polaritons transcending the specifics of materials and quantum optics. Our summary includes at particular polaritonic platforms (Boxes 1 and 2). We invite least 70 different types of polaritonic light–matter dres- readers to consult with reviews covering many important sing effects. This summary also unravels a broad pano- aspects of the physics of polaritons in QMs [1–3], atomic and rama of the physics and applications of polaritons. A molecular systems [4], and in circuit QED [5, 6], as well as constantly updated version of this review is available at general reviews of the closely related topic of strong light– https://infrared.cni.columbia.edu. matter interaction [7–11, 394]. A constantly updated version Keywords: portions; quantum electrodynamics; quantum is available at https://infrared.cni.columbia.edu. materials; quantum optics. Anderson–Higgs polaritons [12, 13]. -
Strong Coupling of Plexcitons with Plasmon Polaritons
3424 Vol. 40, No. 14 / July 15 2015 / Optics Letters Letter Ultra hybrid plasmonics: strong coupling of plexcitons with plasmon polaritons 1, 2 SINAN BALCI * AND COSKUN KOCABAS 1Department of Astronautical Engineering, University of Turkish Aeronautical Association, 06790 Ankara, Turkey 2Department of Physics, Bilkent University, 06800 Ankara, Turkey *Corresponding author: [email protected] Received 19 June 2015; accepted 22 June 2015; posted 25 June 2015 (Doc. ID 243135); published 15 July 2015 We report a ternary-coupled plasmonic system consisting changing the optical properties of the emitter or absorber. of excitons of J-aggregated dye, localized surface plasmon However, in a weak coupling regime, optical modes are not polaritons of Ag nanoparticles, and propagating surface perturbed, resulting in modification only of emission or absorp- plasmon polaritons of continuous Ag film. J-aggregate dyes tion of the material (the Purcell effect) [5]. are uniformly self-assembled on colloidally synthesized Recently, we have shown colloidally stable plexcitonic nano- Ag nanoprisms forming plexcitonic nanoparticles, which particles demonstrating ultrastrong coupling between the local- are placed at a distance nanometers away from the Ag thin ized surface plasmon polaritons (LSPPs) of Ag nanoprisms film. The reflection measurements, corroborated by theo- (NPs) and excitons of J-aggregates [6]. Herein we show cou- retical predictions, reveal that the strong coupling of plas- pling of plexcitons of J-aggregate-coated Ag NPs with the mon polaritons and plexcitons results in a newly formed propagating surface plasmon polaritons (PSPPs) of the Ag thin film. The plexcitonic nanoparticles are controllably placed at a plasmon–exciton–plasmon hybridized state that we call here, distance nanometers away from a silver thin film. -
Plexcitonics – Fundamental Principles and Optoelectronic Applications
Plexcitonics – Fundamental principles and optoelectronic applications Ajay P. Manuel, 1 Aaron Kirkey, 2 Najia Mahdi 1 and Karthik Shankar 1 1Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2V4, Canada 2 Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2G2, Canada Abstract The nanoscale confinement and coupling of electromagnetic radiation into plexcitonic modes has drawn immense interest because of the innovative possibilities for their application in light harvesting and light emitting devices (LEDs). Plexcitons arise from the coupling between two types of quasiparticles, plasmons and excitons, and can be distinguished by the strength of the coupling into strong and weak coupling regimes. Plexcitons have been used to modulate the rate of Förster-type resonance energy transfer in quantum dot assemblies and enhance the spontaneous emission rate in quantum dot LEDs. The clearest examples of a plexcitonic enhancement of photocatalytic reaction rates have been evidenced in hybrid systems wherein the strongly bound exciton found in 2D sheet-like semiconductors is coupled to the surface plasmon resonance of close-lying noble metal nanoparticles. Plexcitonic photocatalysts and solar cells aim to increase the lifetime of hot carriers and thereby enhance the quantum yields for energy harvesting. Since plexcitonics requires the placement of plasmonic and excitonic components in close proximity with one another to facilitate their coupling, it provides a rich arena for chemists and materials scientists to form deterministic and non-deterministic arrays and heterojunctions involving noble metal thin films and nanostructures, quantum dots and dye molecules. This review summarizes the dynamics of plexcitons in the various composite systems and provides an overview of the latest theoretical and experimental developments in the field of plexcitonics. -
Principle and Applications of the Coupling of Surface Plasmons and Excitons
applied sciences Review Principle and Applications of the Coupling of Surface Plasmons and Excitons Zhicong He 1, Fang Li 1,*, Yahui Liu 1, Fuqiang Yao 1, Litu Xu 1, Xiaobo Han 1 and Kai Wang 2 1 Hubei Key Laboratory of Optical Information and Pattern Recognition, School of Optical Information and Energy Engineering, School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430073, China; [email protected] (Z.H.); [email protected] (Y.L.); [email protected] (F.Y.); [email protected] (L.X.); [email protected] (X.H.) 2 School of Physics, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan 430073, China; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] Received: 10 December 2019; Accepted: 1 February 2020; Published: 4 March 2020 Abstract: Surface plasmons have been attracting increasing attention and have been studied extensively in recent decades because of their half-light and half-material polarized properties. On the one hand, the tightly confined surface plasmonic mode may reduce the size of integrated optical devices beyond the diffraction limit; on the other hand, it provides an approach toward enhancement of the interactions between light and matter. In recent experiments, researchers have realized promising applications for surface plasmons in quantum information processing, ultra-low-power lasers, and micro-nano processing devices by using plasmonic structures, which have demonstrated their superiority over traditional optics structures. In this paper, we introduce the theoretical principle of surface plasmons and review the research work related to the interactions between plasmons and excitons. Some perspectives with regard to the future development of plasmonic coupling are also outlined.