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Hydrological Profile of Kathani River,Gadchiroli (M.S.) Rewatkar S.B.¹, M.I.M

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Hydrological Profile of Kathani River,Gadchiroli (M.S.) Rewatkar S.B.¹, M.I.M International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056 Volume: 02 Issue: 06 | Sep-2015 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072 HYDROLOGICAL PROFILE OF KATHANI RIVER,GADCHIROLI (M.S.) REWATKAR S.B.¹, M.I.M. SIDDIQUE ², GOURKAR A.R. ³, KANOJIA A.B.⁴. ¹Principal, Mohsinbhai Zaweri college, Desaiganj (Wadsa), District- Gadchiroli, (Maharashtra, India) ²Assistant Professor, Government science college, Gadchiroli, Maharashtra, India. ³Lecturer, Shivaji science college, Gadchiroli, Maharashtra, India. ⁴Research Scholar, Mohsinbhai Zaweri college, Desaiganj (Wadsa) , District- Gadchiroli, Maharashtra India [email protected] [email protected] ABSTRACT: The present study was conducted for the industrial and sewage waste and agricultural run-off time period of 12 months (June 2013-May 2014) which are major cause of ecological damage and pose aiming to find out the physicochemical parameters of serious health hazards. It is estimated that community Kathani river water, Gadchiroli at different sites. Four wastes from human activities account for four times as sample sites were selected for the study and the much waste water as industrial effluents, most of which samples were collected on monthly basis. The samples is discharged untreated/partially treated into the water thus collected were analyzed for physicochemical courses in India.⁶ The Wainganga river receives parameters like water temperature, pH, electrical numerous tributaries on either banks and drains the conductivity (EC), total dissolved solids (TDS), total western, central and eastern regions of Chandrapur, hardness (TH), Ca²⁺ and Mg²⁺ hardness, total Gadchiroli and Nagpur district. The present alkalinity (TA), free CO₂, dissolved oxygen (DO), investigation is related to study hydrological profile of chemical oxygen demand (COD), biochemical oxygen kathani river, Gadchiroli, Maharashtra for 12 months demand (BOD), Cl¯, SO₄²¯, NO3¯, PO₄³¯, F¯ and Fe²⁺ i.e., from June 2013-May 2014. The physico-chemical concentration. The results were compared with parameters like water temperature, pH, conductivity standards prescribed by WHO (World Health (EC), total hardness (TH), total dissolved solids (TDS), Organization). All the physico-chemical parameters calcium and magnesium, total alkalinity (TA), dissolved were found to be in the prescribed permissible limit oxygen (DO), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), except Fe²⁺. Monthly and seasonal variations of chemical oxygen demand (COD), chloride , free CO₂, parameters were prominently studied. The sulphate, phosphate, nitrate, iron and fluoride were correlation matrix was also calculated for different analyzed. parameters to get correlation coefficient (r) and to establish relationship among different parameters. STUDY AREA : Gadchiroli town, a district place of Highest positive correlation was observed between EC eastern Vidharbha of Maharashtra State is located on and TDS, EC and Hardness (TH), TA and TH, etc. 20.10 N latitude and 80.0 E longitude. The Kathani Inorganic ions exhibited positive correlation amongst river originates in the Dhanora Pendhri hills, flows themselves. DO showed negative correlation with about 4 km away from Gadchiroli town westwards and majority parameters. merges Wainganga river near Bormala village about 6km away from Gadchiroli town. It is a shallow river Key words: Hydrological, Correlation coefficient, and a main tributary of Wainganga and often gets Kathani river, Gadchiroli. flooded during monsoon season and overflow of Gosikhurd dam project on Wainganga. INTRODUCTION : Water is the commonest fluid yet the most precious resource on blue planet without MATERIALS AND METHODS which there would be no life on earth. It is the vital Sample collection: The present study is aimed at resource for agriculture, industry and other human analyzing physical and chemical parameters of Kathani activities. Pollution is the serious concern as almost river, Gadchiroli, Maharashtra,India, from four 70% of the Indian water resources and a growing sampling sites and the results are compared with number of its water resources have been standards given by WHO/IS:10500 to determine the contaminated by biological, organic and inorganic quality of water. Water samples were collected from pollutants [1]. In urban areas the careless disposal four different sampling sites of Kathani river in of industrial effluents and other wastes in rivers and between 9.00 am to 11 am for the period of one year lakes may contribute greatly to the poor quality of from January 2014 to December 2014. Water samples river water [2-5]. The expansion of agriculture and were collected in precleaned, sterilized polythene industrial development has not only increased containers of two liter capacity. Temperature, pH, EC water utilization but has also affected adversely the and TDS were measured immediately on the spot using water quality. The problem of water quality a thermometer, pH meter, conductometer and TDS deterioration is mainly due to human activities such meter respectively. The various physico-chemical as disposal of dead bodies, discharge of parameters like total hardness (TH), free CO₂, total © 2015, IRJET ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal Page 188 International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056 Volume: 02 Issue: 06 | Sep-2015 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072 hardness (TH) free CO2 alkalinity (TA), chloride and seasonal variation in the table 2 and table 3 and (CL¯), sulphate (SO₄²¯), nitrate (NO3¯), iron and graphically presented in the figures. The physico- fluoride (F¯) were analyzed by standards procedures chemical parameters were examined in the light of WHO described in APHA (1998,2012)[7-8] and Trivedi [10] and BIS [11] standards. and Goel (1990) [9]. The main objectives of research is : Temperature: The water temperature depends on § To evaluate the physico-chemical parameters of geographical location and meteorological condition. Kathani river water. Hutchinson, (1957)[12] suggested that meteorological § To compare the results with WHO standards. conditions are responsible for seasonal changes in § To find out correlation coefficient between temperature. In an aquatic ecosystem , this parameters physico -chemical parameters. affects chemical and biological parameters such as Sampling locations are given in table 1 : solubility of oxygen, CO₂, carbonate and bicarbonate Table 1 : sampling sites of Kathani river,Gadchiroli. equilibrium, increase in metabolic rate and metabolic Sampling sites Location reaction of organisms etc. In the present investigation the K1 Near Bormala site water temperature was ranged between 21.750c to K2 Near bridge on Gadchiroli-Armori 29.40c. The minimum temperature was recorded in the highway month of December and maximum in the month of May. K3 Near Adpalli – Gogaon village Seasonally minimum temperature was recorded during K4 Near Kharpundi bridge winter as 23.64 ± 1.78 while maximum temperature was Satellite imagery showing locations of Kathani river. recorded during summer season as 26.88 ± 2.59 mg/L. High water temperature during summer might be due to low water level, higher temperature and clear atmosphere. Similar results were reported by Jayabhaye et al (2006)[13], Salve and Hiware (2008)[14]. Fig-1 Monthly variation in temperature 35 K1 30 K1 25 20 15 10 5 0 13 13 13 13 13 13 14 14 14 14 13 14 - - - - - - - - - - - - K2 Jul Jan Jun Oct Apr Sep Feb Dec Aug Nov Mar May pH: According to George (1997)[15], pH is an important parameter of water, since most of the aquatic organisms are adapted to average pH and do not withstand abrupt changes. Present study revealed that pH values from all the sampling sites were slightly alkaline throughout the K3 study period which ranged from 7.31 to 8.26. Minimum mean pH was recorded in the month of February while maximum pH was recorded in the month of August. Seasonally the minimum value of pH observed was 7.51 ± 0.18. In the summer season and the maximum value of pH recorded was 8.08 ± 0.17 in the monsoon season. Bobdey (2002)[16] recorded the pH value between 7.0 to 8.50 in the river Wainganga at Pauni, Maharashtra. Prakash et al (2009)[17] recorded the pH ranging from K4 6.90 to 8.80 in the river Cauveri, India. Gangwar and Joshi RESULTS AND DISCUSSION : The analysis of (2007)[18] in the Ganga river at Haridwar, Saksena et al various physico-chemical parameters of four (2008) [19] in the Chambal river, Asati, S. R. (2012)[20] sampling sites (K1 to K4) of Kathani river was in the Wainganga river for Tirora town also recorded carried out for 12 months from June 2013 to May parallel findings. Relatively minimal values of pH in 2014 and the results were presented as monthwise summer might be due to reduced water level, © 2015, IRJET ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal Page 189 International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056 Volume: 02 Issue: 06 | Sep-2015 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072 concentration of organic matter with subsequent rise Total Dissolved Solids (TDS): Total dissolved solids of CO₂ but intense sunlight accelerate photosynthetic indicate the salinity behaviour of river water. The activities of algae and macrophytes which in turn TDS value during the period of investigation was enhance carbohydrates intake and thereby decrease ranged between 81.6 and 199.4 mg/L, the minimum pH during summer. (Bobdey et al, 2007)[21]. The being in the month of November and the maximum in maximum values of pH during monsoon might be due the May. Seasonal variation of TDS revealed minimal to sewage reception containing carbonates and value during winter as 91.08 ± 6.98 mg/L and bicarbonates and flooded situation thereby pouring maximum during summer season as 149.92 ± 33.82 bicarbonates in the river. mg/L. The entire range of TDS was found to be within the permissible limit of WHO. Srinivas rao et al (2007)[27], reported maximum TDS value in summer Fig-2 Monthly variation in pH and minimum in winter and stated that seasonal 8.5 variation in conductivity and TDS was due to factors 8 such as rainfall, biota causing changes in ionic 7.5 concentration and the nature of bottom deposit.
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