Melinda Wagner and Her Piano Concerto: Extremity of Sky
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Please do not remove this page Melinda Wagner and Her Piano Concerto: Extremity of Sky Xia, Yujia https://scholarship.miami.edu/discovery/delivery/01UOML_INST:ResearchRepository/12379659830002976?l#13379659820002976 Xia, Y. (2021). Melinda Wagner and Her Piano Concerto: Extremity of Sky [University of Miami]. https://scholarship.miami.edu/discovery/fulldisplay/alma991031574687902976/01UOML_INST:ResearchR epository Open Downloaded On 2021/09/26 23:13:37 -0400 Please do not remove this page UNIVERSITY OF MIAMI MELINDA WAGNER AND HER PIANO CONCERTO: EXTREMITY OF SKY By Yujia Xia A DOCTORAL ESSAY Submitted to the Faculty of the University of Miami in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Musical Arts Coral Gables, Florida May 2021 ©2021 Yujia Xia All Rights Reserved UNIVERSITY OF MIAMI A doctoral essay submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Musical Arts MELINDA WAGNER AND HER PIANO CONCERTO: EXTREMITY OF SKY Yujia Xia Approved: __________________ __________________ Tian Ying, M.M. Naoko Takao, D.M.A. Associate Professor Associate Professor of Keyboard Performance of Keyboard Performance __________________ __________________ Kevin Kenner, M.M. Guillermo Prado, Ph.D. Assistant Professor Dean of the Graduate School of Keyboard Performance __________________ Charles Castleman, M.M. Professor of String Performance XIA,YUJIA (D.M.A., Keyboard Performance) (May 2021) Melinda Wagner and Her Piano Concerto: Extremity of Sky Abstract of a doctoral essay at the University of Miami. Doctoral essay supervised by Professor Tian Ying. No. of pages in text. (94) Melinda Wagner (1957-) is one of the most influential female American composers across the 20th and 21st centuries. Extremity of Sky: Concerto for Piano and Orchestra was a commissioned work by the Chicago Symphony Orchestra for Emanuel Ax with funding from the Prince Prize. Wagner was writing the second movement of the concerto when the September 11 attacks happened in New York City. Later, she named this piece “Extremity of Sky,” metaphorically alluding to the dark smoke in the sky. Wagner finally completed this work in 2002, with a traditional four-movement frame: Opening, Departure, Prayer- Chain, and Varied Return. The grandiosity and bravura of its structure, orchestration, sonority, and arrangement continually strike the hearts of listeners. This dissertation will include Melinda Wagner’s biography, compositional style, and it will also provide a theoretical analysis of her piano concerto. The author hopes that this research will provide an introduction to the remarkable composer Melinda Wagner and help pianists who desire to understand the general structure and compositional principle of this music. Acknowledgements I would like to express my great appreciation to my supervisor Tian Ying for his unlimited support, enthusiastic encouragement, and constructive suggestions during the planning and development of this research project. I would also like to thank Professor Kevin Kenner, Dr. Naoko Takao, and Professor Charles Castleman for their generous assistance and valuable advice. My special thanks are extended to the composer Melinda Wagner for graciously providing me valuable materials about her biography and the piano concerto. I would like to offer my sincere thanks to my friend Belinda Chen, who kindly spent a lot of time editing my paper. I would like to give my deepest gratitude to my families for their endless love and support. A lot of thanks give to my husband, Ziyang Zhang, for his encouragement and accompaniment as well as for taking care of my life. Finally, I wish to dedicate this paper to my baby girl Stella, who has always been the motivation for me to finish this project. TABLE OF CONTENTS Page LIST OF MUSICAL EXAMPLES ............................................................................ v LIST OF FIGURES ..................................................................................................... viii LIST OF TABLES ....................................................................................................... ix Chapter 1 INTRODUCTION .......................................................................................... 1 Overview .......................................................................................................... 1 Composer’s Biography .................................................................................... 2 Melinda Wagner’s Music Toolbox .................................................................. 5 Compositional Background of Extremity of Sky .............................................. 6 Need for Study ................................................................................................. 10 2 REVIEW OF LITERATURE ........................................................................ 13 Overview .......................................................................................................... 13 Sources on Melinda Wagner ............................................................................ 13 Sources on Extremity of Sky ............................................................................. 14 Sources on Theoretical Analysis ...................................................................... 15 3 THE ORCHESTRATION OF EXTREMITY OF SKY .................................... 18 Woodwinds and Brass...................................................................................... 20 Strings ............................................................................................................. 23 Percussions ....................................................................................................... 26 Piano ............................................................................................................. 30 4 THE STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS OF EXTREMITY OF SKY ....................... 31 Movement I: Opening ...................................................................................... 34 Movement II: Departure .................................................................................. 48 Movement III: Prayer-Chain ............................................................................ 58 Movement IV: Varied Return .......................................................................... 71 5 THE METRIC MODULATION IN EXTREMITY OF SKY ............................ 83 CONCLUSION ............................................................................................................ 89 BIBLIOGRAPHY…………. ....................................................................................... 91 iv List of Musical Examples 1 Wagner Extremity of Sky, Mov. I m.1-3……………………………………………20 2 Extremity of Sky, mov. I m.52-53…………………………………………………..21 3 Extremity of Sky, mov. I m.86-89…………………………………………………..21 4 Extremity of Sky, mov. II m.77-79………………………………………………….22 5 Extremity of Sky, mov. II m.87-89…………………………………………….........22 6 Extremity of Sky, mov. I m.96-103.…………………………………………….......25 7 Extremity of Sky, mov. I m.115-124………………………………………………..29 8 Extremity of Sky, mov. I m.1-3……………………………………………………..35 9 Extremity of Sky, mov. I m.14-17.…………………………………………………35 10 Extremity of Sky, mov. I m.21-24.…………………………………………………..35 11 Extremity of Sky, mov. I m.61-62.…………………………………………………..36 12 Extremity of Sky, mov. IV m.163-175.…………….………………………………..36 13 Extremity of Sky, mov. IV m.176-181.……………………………………………...37 14 Extremity of Sky, mov. I m.9-12…………………………………………………….37 15 Extremity of Sky, mov. I m.34-37.………………………………………………….38 16 Extremity of Sky, mov. I m.9-12……………………………………………………38 17 Extremity of Sky, mov. I m.63-66.………………………………………………….39 18 Extremity of Sky, mov. I m.30-33.………………………………………………….40 19 Extremity of Sky, mov. I m.42-51…………………………………………………..40 20 Extremity of Sky, mov. I m.86-89…………………………………………………..41 v 21 Extremity of Sky, mov. II m.32-35…...……………………………………..………48 22 Extremity of Sky, mov. II m.5-8………...………………………………...…………49 23 Extremity of Sky, mov. II m.118-123………….…………………………………….49 24 Extremity of Sky, mov. II m.9-12……………………………………………………50 25 Extremity of Sky, mov. II m.37-40…..………………………………………………51 26 Extremity of Sky, mov. II m.39-43.…………………………………………………51 27 Extremity of Sky, mov. II m.56-59….………………………………………………52 28 Extremity of Sky, mov. II m.144-146……………………………………………….53 29 Extremity of Sky, mov. II m.56-59.…………………………………………………53 30 Extremity of Sky, mov. III m.1-8………………………………………………..…..59 31 Extremity of Sky, mov. III m.9-14..…………………………………………………59 32 Extremity of Sky, mov. III m.18-23…………………………………………………60 33 Extremity of Sky, mov. III m.19…..…………………………………………………60 34 Extremity of Sky, mov. III m.18-23….………………………………………………61 35 Extremity of Sky, mov. III m.22-23….………………………………………………61 36 Extremity of Sky, mov. III m.18-22………………………………………………….61 37 Extremity of Sky, mov. III m.19-21………………………………………………….62 38 Extremity of Sky, mov. III m.19-21………………………………………………….62 39 Extremity of Sky, mov. III m.52-53………………………………………………….63 40 Extremity of Sky, mov. III m.18-23………………………...………………………..64 41 Extremity of Sky, mov. III m.24-29……………………….…………………………64 42 Extremity of Sky, mov. III m.30-35………………………………………………….64 43 Extremity of Sky, mov. IV m.1-10..…………………………………………………72 vi 44 Extremity of Sky, mov. IV 15-20…..………………………………………………..72 45 Extremity of Sky, mov. IV m.42-46……………………….………………………...73 46 Extremity of Sky, mov. IV m.183-189..……………………………………………..73 47 Extremity of Sky, mov. IV m.90-93..………………………………………………..73 48 Extremity of Sky, mov. IV m.90…...………………………………………………..74