Microcontroladores RL78 Guia Básico

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Microcontroladores RL78 Guia Básico Fábio Pereira Microcontroladores RL78 Guia Básico 1ª Edição Versão 1.0 Joinville - SC Edição do Autor 2013 Microcontroladores RL78: Guia Básico 1 Copyright © 2013 Fábio Pereira Todos os direitos reservados. É proibida a redistribuição, de forma parcial, do conteúdo deste livro ou arquivo eletrônico. A utilização parcial do material desta obra é condicionada a sua citação como fonte do conteúdo. Todas as marcas registradas, nomes ou direitos de uso citados neste livro pertencem aos seus respectivos proprietários. O autor acredita que todas as informações apresentadas nesta obra estão corretas e podem ser utilizadas para qualquer fim legal. Entretanto, não existe qualquer garantia implícita ou explícita, de que o uso de tais informações conduzirá sempre ao resultado esperado. Acesse: www.perse.com.br para adquirir cópias impressas adicionais. Material para download disponível em: www.sctec.com.br/blog ISBN: 978-85-8196-334-1 2 Microcontroladores RL78: Guia Básico Agradecimentos Este é o meu nono livro e ele não teria sido possível sem a colaboração de algumas pessoas, por isso, os meus agradecimentos a: - André Machado de Oliveira, da Renesas do Brasil, pela amizade e incentivo (há anos) na utilização dos microcontroladores Renesas, além do suporte, ajuda na revisão do texto, sugestões, kits e apoio incondicional ao livro. - Huéliquis Fernandes, da Renesas do Brasil, pela amizade e grande apoio dado à viabilização deste livro e também por acreditar no meu trabalho. - Felipe Torrezan e Leonardo Carlos Afonso, da Renesas do Brasil, pelo apoio técnico, ajuda na revisão e suporte ao livro. - William Severino, da Renesas Electronics America, pelas sugestões iniciais e apoio dado ao livro. - Ritesh Tyagi, diretor da área de marketing de microcontroladores pelo apoio da Renesas Electronics America a edição deste livro. - José Carlos Nunes, da VLA, representante da Renesas no Brasil, pelo apoio dado ao livro, sugestões e amostras. Dedicatória Escrever um livro implica em centenas de horas de dedicação. Por isso, quero dedicar este livro a minha esposa Débora e agradecer pelo carinho, compreensão, apoio e por estar ao meu lado! Amo você! Microcontroladores RL78: Guia Básico 3 Sobre o Autor Fábio Pereira é técnico em Eletrônica (CEFET-PR), bacharel em Direito (ACE-SC), especialista em projeto de equipamentos eletrônicos (CEFET-SC) e autor de outros oito livros na área de programação de microcontroladores (sete deles em português e um em inglês). Também atuou como professor de disciplinas relacionadas a microcontroladores e programação em C em cursos técnicos e universidades na região de Joinville e atualmente trabalha como advogado e nas horas vagas mantém o seu blog FPB (www.sctec.com.br/blog) além de desenvolver projetos de sistemas embarcados. Ao longo dos últimos 20 anos, desenvolveu diversas aplicações utilizando diferentes plataformas tais como 8051, ARM, AVR, Cortex, Coldfire, HC908, HCS08, MSP430, PIC, RL78, Z8-Encore, Z-80 em diferentes linguagens como Assembly, BASIC, C e Pascal. Outros livros do autor: ® Microcontroladores PIC: Técnicas Avançadas; ® Microcontroladores PIC: Programação em C; ® Microcontroladores HC908Q: Teoria e Prática; ® Microcontroladores MSP430: Teoria e Prática; ® Microcontroladores HCS08: Teoria e Prática; ® Tecnologia ARM: Microcontroladores de 32 bits; ® HCS08 Unleashed: Designer’s guide to the HCS08 Microcontrollers; ® Microcontrolador PIC18 Detalhado : Hardware e Software. Para entrar em contato com o autor, acesse o blog: www.sctec.com.br/blog 4 Microcontroladores RL78: Guia Básico Sobre a Renesas Renesas é uma empresa japonesa na área de eletrônica e foi fundada em 2003 como uma joint venture entre a Hitachi e a Mitsubishi Electric, ambas gigantes japonesas com grande atuação na área da eletrônica. Em 2010 a NEC Electronics Corporation juntou-se à Renesas e trouxe com ela a sua linha de microcontroladores e microprocessadores (expandindo ainda mais a já ampla linha de MCUs e MPUs da Renesas). A linha de produtos fabricados pela Renesas é digna do peso dos três principais sócios da empresa: vai de microcontroladores 8 bits de baixo custo (como os 78K0 desenvolvidos pela NEC e H8 desenvolvidos pela Hitachi), passando pelos microcontroladores de 16 bits (H8, R8C e M16C desenvolvidos pela Hitachi, 78K0R desenvolvidos pela NEC e RL78 da Renesas), microcontroladores de 32 bits (como o R32C, RX e RH850 da Renesas, V850 desenvolvido pela NEC e os SuperH desenvolvidos pela Hitachi), até microprocessadores SoC de alta performance para os mercados móveis e automotivos (utilizando múltiplos núcleos ARM, Cortex e SuperH). Além dos MCUs e MPUs a Renesas fabrica diversos outros semicondutores como integrados LSI, ASSP, Displays, IGBTs, MOSFETs, etc. A Renesas foi o quinto maior fabricante de semicondutores nos anos de 2010 e 2011 e o primeiro em venda de microcontroladores no mesmo período. A participação da Renesas no mercado mundial de microcontroladores é de aproximadamente 28%, com vendas anuais de mais de 4 bilhões de dólares. A empresa possui diversos escritórios ao redor do mundo. No Brasil, a presença da empresa vem crescendo, com um escritório em São Paulo e investimentos em divulgação e ampliação da margem local de mercado. Microcontroladores RL78: Guia Básico 5 6 Microcontroladores RL78: Guia Básico Índice 1. Introdução ...............................................................................................................................13 1.1. Uma Breve História da Computação ..........................................................................13 1.2. Sistemas Embarcados .................................................................................................17 1.3. Conceitos Básicos.......................................................................................................18 1.4. Microcontroladores RL78...........................................................................................30 1.5. Pinagens e Encapsulamentos ......................................................................................32 1.6. R5F100LEA ...............................................................................................................35 1.7. Kits e Ferramentas de Programação ...........................................................................36 1.8. Convenções Utilizadas ...............................................................................................38 2. Ferramentas de Programação ...............................................................................................41 2.1. O Ambiente Embedded Workbench EWRL78...........................................................41 2.1.1. Criando o Primeiro Projeto .............................................................................41 2.1.2. Simulando um Programa.................................................................................46 2.1.3. Depurando um Programa ................................................................................51 2.1.4. Gerando o Código Final ..................................................................................52 3. Arquitetura e Modelo de Programação ................................................................................55 3.1. A CPU RL78 ..............................................................................................................55 3.1.1. Registradores Especiais da CPU .....................................................................56 3.1.1.1. Registrador PSW....................................................................................................57 3.1.1.2. Registrador PC.......................................................................................................58 3.1.1.3. Registrador SP .......................................................................................................58 3.1.1.4. Registradores ES e CS ...........................................................................................60 3.1.1.5. Registrador PMC ...................................................................................................60 3.1.2. Mapa de Memória ...........................................................................................61 3.1.3. Modos de Endereçamento ...............................................................................63 3.2. Conjunto de Instruções Assembly ..............................................................................65 3.2.1. Instruções de Manipulação de Dados..............................................................65 3.2.2. Instruções Aritméticas, Lógicas e de Comparação..........................................66 3.2.3. Instruções de Incremento e Decremento .........................................................68 3.2.4. Instruções de Rotação e Deslocamento de Bits...............................................68 3.2.5. Instruções de Manipulação e Processamento de Bits ......................................71 3.2.6. Instruções de Desvio .......................................................................................71 Microcontroladores RL78 Guia Básico 7 3.2.7. Instruções para Sub-rotinas e Funções............................................................ 72 3.2.8. Instruções de Pulo Condicional....................................................................... 73 3.2.9. Instruções de Controle da CPU....................................................................... 73 3.2.10. Temporização das Instruções ........................................................................ 74 3.3. Módulo
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