DOCSLIB.ORG

Report of the Dutch-Mauritanian Project Banc D'arguin 1 9

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

Report of the Dutch-Mauritanian project Banc d'Arguin 1985-1986 edited by : Bruno J. Ens Theunis Piersma Wim J. Wolff Leo Zwarts _^^ RIJKSINSTITUUT VOOR NATUURBEHEER %Uy Pare National du Banc d'Arguin (PNBA) Dutch Working Group for International Wader-and Waterfowl Research (WIWO Research Institute for Nature Management (RIN) Netherlands Institute for Sea Research (NIOZ) BIBLIOTHEEK RIJKSINSTITUUT VOOR NATUURBEHEER Texel 1989 POSTBUS920 1 6800H B ARNHEM-NEDERLAND R.I.N.-RAPPORT Vr DEDICATED to thememor y of our respected friend Ely ould Elemine WIWO Rapport 25 RIN-rapport 89/6 The WIWO report series intends to be a regular medium by which occasional reports of ornithological expedition or journeys can be published. In this way regular distribution and availability are guaranteed. Large quality differences are accepted, since the authors remain responsible. The RIN reports are amediu m to report on research projects by RIN collaborators. The RIN reports have a limited distribution, mainly within The Netherlands. This report can be ordered by paying Dfl. 35,-o n either: -postal giro account 2.666.009 or toAB N bank account 57.02.16.613 of Stichting WIWO,Ewijk ,Th e Netherlands, or -postal giro account 51 60 6 48 of Rijksinstituut voor Natuurbeheer,Leersum , The Netherlands. Postage is included in the price. This report is also to be published inFrench . -"v *-»~ v >• -\ COLOPHON V Typing :Michael a Scholl Figures :Wiebere n Planting Bird drawings: Jos Zwarts J CONTENTS 1 INTRODUCTION 7 2 ORGANISATIONAN D ITINERARY 12 3 METEOROLOGICALMEASUREMENT S 16 4 TIDEMEASUREMENT S 43 5 WADERCOUNT S 57 6 VISIBLEMIGRATIO N 68 7 WADERCATCHE S 77 7.1 Methodology 77 7.2 Capture totals 85 7.3 Recoveriesan dresighting s 87 8 WADERBOD YCOMPOSITIO NANALYSI S 93 9 NOTEO NGULL SAN DTERN S 104 10 SYSTEMATICLIS TO FBIRD SAN DMAMMAL SOBSERVE D 111 11 TIMEBUDGE TO FWADER S 196 12 WADERENERGETIC S 199 12.1 Heat stresso nth eroos t 199 12.2 Saltstres scage dbird s 200 12.3 Energeticcos to fweigh tgai n 201 13 FORAGINGOYSTERCATCHER SO NTH EBAN CD'ARGUI N 203 14 FEEDINGBEHAVIOU R OFWHIMBRE LAN DANTI-PREDATO R 205 BEHAVIOURO FIT SMAI NPRE YTH EFIDDLE R CRAB (UCATANGERI ) 15 LISTO FMARIN EPHANEROGAMS ,MOLLUSCS ,POLYCHAETE S 208 ANDCRUSTACE AOBSERVE DALIVE DA TTH EBAN CD'ARGUI NI N 1985AN D 1986 16 DISTRIBUTION,BIOMASS ,RECRUITMEN TAN DPRODUCTIVIT Y 220 OFANADAR ASENILI S- ABSTRAC T 17 FISHESAN DSHRIMP SO NTH ETIDA LFLAT SA TTH E 222 BANCD'ARGUI N 18 RECOMMENDATIONS FORTH EMANAGEMEN TO FTH E 228 PARCNATIONA LD UBAN CD'ARGUI N 19 REFERENCES 229 kPPENDI XI 236 WADERBIOMETRIC S 236 1 Oystercatcher 236 2 Avocet 239 3 RingedPlove r 240 4 KentishPlove r 250 5 GreyPlove r 257 6 Knot 264 7 Sanderling 276 8 LittleStin t 284 9 CurlewSandpipe r 290 10 Dunlin 300 11 Bar-tailed Godwit 315 12 Whimbrel 320 13 Redshank 323 14 Turnstone 327 APPENDIX II 335 Maps 335 INTRODUCTION About 7millio ncoasta lwader s (.Limicoles,Charadrii )migrat eannuall y betweenvas tarcti can d subarcticbreedin garea san d temperatean d tropicalwinte rquarter sscattere d along theeaster n shoreso fth e AtlanticOcean .Afte ra shor tbreedin g seasoni nth earcti c tundraso fN E Canada,Greenland ,Iceland ,Scandinavi a andth enorther n partso fth e USSR thesebird sarriv ea t thetida lflat so fth eWadde nSe aan dth e estuaries ofGrea tBritai ni nlat esummer .Afte rmoultin g theirfeathers , somewader ssta y theret owinte rbu tman yother smigrat efurthe r southt o spend thewinte r inS WEurope ,West-Africa ,an deve nsouther nAfrica .A t leasthal fo f thecoasta lwader susin g theEas tAtlanti cflywa y spendth e winteri nthes eAfrica nwinte r quarters (Piersmae tal . 1987). About 1980i tbecam eclea rtha t thetida lflat so fth eBan cd'Argui n (Fig. 1)i nMauritani awer eon eo fth emos t importantwinterin garea s along theEas tAtlanti c flyway.Ove r 2millio nwader swer ecounte di n that regioni nwinte r (Trotignon 1980,Altenbur g etal . 1982).Remarkabl y enoughfoo dcondition so nth eBan cd'Argui nappeare d tob emargina l (Altenburge tal .1982) .Roug hcalculation sbase d ondat acollecte d in February 1980showe d that thetota lamoun to ffoo dpresen twoul db e consumedwithi ntw omonth si fn oregrowt ho rresettlemen t offoo d organismswoul d occur.Althoug hsom eregrowt h islikel yt ooccur ,i t remains tob esee nho wthes ebird sar eabl et opu to nsufficien t fati n earlysprin g for theirnorthwar dmigration . Thisquestio n- ho wbird sar eabl et ostar t theirsprin gmigratio n fromth eBan cd'Argui n ingoo dconditio n- forme d thecentra l themeo f theDutch-Mauritania nprojec t "Bancd'Argui n1985-86" . Toanswe rthi squestio nw ehav et okno who wmuc hfoo di savailabl ei n springan despeciall y howmuc hextr a food isproduce d inthi speriod . Secondlyw enee d tokno who wmuc hfoo d isrequire d byth ebird san dwha t isthei rextr anee d topu to nsufficien t fatfo r thesprin gmigration . Finallyw ehav et okno wwhe nth ebird spu to nthi sfat ,whe n theyleav e andwhic h stagingarea s theyma yo rhav et ouse . Thisi sver y shortly theprogramm e of theprojec t "Banc d'Arguin 1985-86"develope d byth eWorkin gGrou pfo rInternationa lWader -an d WaterfowlResearc h (WIWO),th eResearc h Institutefo rNatur eManagemen t (RIN)an d theNetherland s Institute forSe aResearc h (NIOZ).Du et o shortage of funds itwa sno tpossibl e tocarr you t theentir e programme 0 10 20 30 40k m Figure 1.1.Locatio n in Africa and general map of the Banc d'Arguin, Mauritania. in 1985,a s conceived originally. Because the international Wader Study Group had planned an international project to study themovement s of waders during spring migration by means of birds with colour marks in the spring of 1985,i t was decided to carry out only that part of the project "Banc d'Arguin 1985-86"whic h supported the international project and to postpone the remainder of the programme to 1986. From the start of the project it was envisaged thatMauritania n counterparts would take part in the project.Consultatio n with the Mauritanian authorities resulted in a joint Dutch-Mauritanian project in which on theMauritania n side the Pare National du Banc d'Arguin and the Directorate for Nature Protection of theMinistr y of Rural Development took part. The aims of the project "Banc d'Arguin 1985-86"wer e inmor e detail: 1. Studies on spring migration of waders in relation to feeding condition. This part of the programme had to lead toa detailed analysis of the origin ofwader s at the Banc d'Arguin and the timing, patterning and extent of wader migrations from and through Banc d'Arguin in spring,an d toa n apraisal of the physical changes in the birds themselves which allow them these movements. Information on the fate of the birds after they have left the Banc d'Arguin, had to be gained as a result of these local studies. The research programme to reach these aims consisted of three parts,viz .descriptio n of arrival and departure ofwaders ; description of the changes in physical condition of the birds before departure; and description of the routes taken by the waders to reach the breeding grounds and the location of these breeding areas. 2. Studies on the biomass and productivity of the benthic fauna of the tidal flats. This involved in the first place a general survey of the benthic fauna of the Banc d'Arguin in order to obtain a reference value for the biomass of the entire area. Secondly, growth and production rates of selected invertebrates had to bemeasure d in order to obtain an estimate of benthic productivity. This had to be compared with measurements on biomassremova lb ypredator san d othercauses ,carrie d outb ymean so f exclosures.Thirdly ,i tha d tob einvestigate d whetherinvertebrate san d smallfis hmigrat ewit h thetide sbetwee n tidalchannel san d flats,thu s forminga nadditiona l sourceo ffoo d forwader swhic hescap e theusua l methodso flo wtid esampling . 3.Studie s onth efeedin gbehaviou ran decolog yo fwaders . Inth efirs tplac ei tha d tob edetermine d fora sman yspecie so fwader s aspossibl ewha t typean d sizeo fpre y isobtained .Secondly ,fo ron eo r a fewspecie s thefoo dconsumptio n inth efiel dha d tob equantifie di n ordert oestimat e theenergeti c requirement ofth especie s (dailyenerg y intake).Thi swa scombine d withdat ao nlow-tid efeedin gdensitie so f waders inorde r toarriv ea ta nestimat e forth econsumptio na tth e entire Bancd'Arguin .Thirdly ,th eextr afoo d intakeneede d toaccumulat e migratory fat,ha d tob edetermine d forbird s incaptivity .Fourthly ,i t had tob einvestigate d inwil d birdswhethe rfa taccumulatio n priort o migrationi sdu et oa nincreas ei nforagin g efforto ra nincreas ei n availablefood . ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Theprojec twa ssupporte d financiallyby : - theCommissio n ofth eEuropea nCommunitie s (Brussels); theNationa lGeographi c Society (Washington); theNetherland sMinistr y ofAgricultur ean dFisherie s (TheHague) ; - theShel lInternational eResearc hMi j(Th eHague) ; - thePrin sBernhar d Fund (Amsterdam); theSociet yfo rth eProtectio n ofNatur eMonument s inth eNetherland s ("Natuurmonumenten")('s-Graveland) ; - theNetherlands 'Stat eForestr y Service ("Staatsbosbeheer")(Utrecht) ; theFun d forResearc hfo rNatur eProtectio n (FONA)(Arnhem) ; theBritis hOrnithologica lUnio n (London); - theBachien eFoundatio n (Leiden). Thehel po f theNetherlands 'Societ yfo rth eProtectio no fth eWadde n Sea (Harlingen)i nprefinancin g theprojec twa sinvaluable . 10 Thesuppor t ofth eMauritania nauthoritie s isgratefull yacknowledged .
Recommended publications
  • Portugal's Hidden

    Portugal's Hidden

    The Azores Portugal ’s hidden gem AUGUST 5-13, 2021 $ The 400 COUPLE SavePER Book by Azores JANUARY 31, 2021 Dear Vanderbilt Traveler, Portugal ’s hidden gem You are invited to discover the exotic natural wonders of the Azores, Portugal’s hidden gem! We are pleased to announce a very special alumni trip to this cutting-edge travel destination scheduled for August 2021. One of two autonomous regions of Portugal, this archipelago is composed of nine volcanic islands in the Macaronesia region of the North Atlantic Ocean. Situated 930 miles directly west of Lisbon, this lush and untamed archipelago offers visitors an unexplored paradise replete with natural and culinary treasures. On the island of Pico, see the beauty of Arcos do Cachorro, Mistério de São João, and Fajã dos Vimes. Learn about the island’s fascinating natural history at Gruta das Torres, the largest lava tube in the Azores. Continue to the island of São Miguel and experience its breathtaking beauty at Sete Cidades, Terra Nostra Park, Fogo Lake, and the hot springs of Furnas. As stunning as the Azores geography can be, their cuisine is equally rewarding. Please your palette during a private visit to a local winery and cheese factory in Ponta dos Rosais. From the famous cozido to the local pastries and tea plantations, savor the wide range of Azorean tastes and traditions. Space on this program is strictly limited. Contact us as soon as possible to reserve your place. We look forward to having you join us on this remarkable adventure. Sincerely, Cary DeWitt Allyn For more details: WWW.VUCONNECT.COM/TRAVEL Director, Vanderbilt Travel Program 615.322.3673 AUGUST 5-13, 2021 THURSDAY, AUGUST 5: DEPART USA ALDEIA DA FONTE NATURE HOTEL Depart USA on your overnight flight(s) to Ponta Delgada, Azores.
  • Checklists of Crustacea Decapoda from the Canary and Cape Verde Islands, with an Assessment of Macaronesian and Cape Verde Biogeographic Marine Ecoregions

    Checklists of Crustacea Decapoda from the Canary and Cape Verde Islands, with an Assessment of Macaronesian and Cape Verde Biogeographic Marine Ecoregions

    Zootaxa 4413 (3): 401–448 ISSN 1175-5326 (print edition) http://www.mapress.com/j/zt/ Article ZOOTAXA Copyright © 2018 Magnolia Press ISSN 1175-5334 (online edition) https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4413.3.1 http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:2DF9255A-7C42-42DA-9F48-2BAA6DCEED7E Checklists of Crustacea Decapoda from the Canary and Cape Verde Islands, with an assessment of Macaronesian and Cape Verde biogeographic marine ecoregions JOSÉ A. GONZÁLEZ University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, i-UNAT, Campus de Tafira, 35017 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain. E-mail: [email protected]. ORCID iD: 0000-0001-8584-6731. Abstract The complete list of Canarian marine decapods (last update by González & Quiles 2003, popular book) currently com- prises 374 species/subspecies, grouped in 198 genera and 82 families; whereas the Cape Verdean marine decapods (now fully listed for the first time) are represented by 343 species/subspecies with 201 genera and 80 families. Due to changing environmental conditions, in the last decades many subtropical/tropical taxa have reached the coasts of the Canary Islands. Comparing the carcinofaunal composition and their biogeographic components between the Canary and Cape Verde ar- chipelagos would aid in: validating the appropriateness in separating both archipelagos into different ecoregions (Spalding et al. 2007), and understanding faunal movements between areas of benthic habitat. The consistency of both ecoregions is here compared and validated by assembling their decapod crustacean checklists, analysing their taxa composition, gath- ering their bathymetric data, and comparing their biogeographic patterns. Four main evidences (i.e. different taxa; diver- gent taxa composition; different composition of biogeographic patterns; different endemicity rates) support that separation, especially in coastal benthic decapods; and these parametres combined would be used as a valuable tool at comparing biotas from oceanic archipelagos.
  • Post-Glacial Filling of a Semi-Enclosed Basin: the Arguin Basin (Mauritania)

    Post-Glacial Filling of a Semi-Enclosed Basin: the Arguin Basin (Mauritania)

    Marine Geology 349 (2014) 126–135 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Marine Geology journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/margeo Post-glacial filling of a semi-enclosed basin: The Arguin Basin (Mauritania) N. Aleman a,⁎,R.Certaina,J.P.Barusseaua,T.Courpa,A.Diab a Centre Européen de Formation et de Recherche sur les Environnements Méditerranéens, UMR5110, Université de Perpignan, 52 av. P Alduy, 66860 Perpignan, France b Institut Mauritanienne de Recherche Océanographique et des Pêches, BP22, Nouadhibou, Mauritania article info abstract Article history: Semi-enclosed basins are not very common features in the world and are most frequently the result of tectonic Received 31 January 2013 movements. Studies of their filling are usually based on the micropaleontological analyses of sediment cores Received in revised form 11 December 2013 (Torgersen et al., 1988; Reeves et al., 2007) or seismic analyses (Lykousis et al., 2007; Çagatay et al., 2009; Van Accepted 24 December 2013 Daele et al., 2011). The morphology of semi-enclosed basins is generally simple and bowl-shaped, and their Available online 2 January 2014 edges are marked by one or more sills. Their depths range from a few dozen to several thousand meters. Semi- Communicated by J.T. Wells enclosed basins are however present in some regions in the world. The semi-enclosed basin of the Golfe d'Arguin (Northwest Africa) is present on a wide, shallow shelf, bordering the Sahara desert, in a stable tectonic context. Its Keywords: sedimentary filling took place during the end of the post-glacial transgression. The current knowledge on sedi- semi-enclosed basin mentary filling of semi-enclosed basins is rather limited and inadequate to fully understand the processes at play.
  • The Best of the Azores

    The Best of the Azores

    The Best of the Azores 11 October to 21 October, 2017 $2,799 Per Person…based on double occupancy. Includes taxes of approximately 160 USD. 9 Nights with breakfast daily in Terceira, Faial, and Sao Miguel. 16 Meals, including welcome and farewell dinner. Private Tours: Terceira Island Tour, Faial Island Tour, Pico Island Tour with ferry, Sete Cidades Tour, Furnas Tour (with Cozido) ,all private tours include transfers and English Speaking Guide. Airfare included from Boston to Terceira, return from Sao Miguel to Boston as well as internal flights within the Azores. Includes Round-Trip Transfer from New Bedford to Boston Logan Airport. 761 Bedford Street, Fall River, MA 02723 www.sagresvacations.com Ph#508-679-0053 Your Itinerary Includes Hotels Angra do Heroismo, Terceira Island o Angra Garden Hotel Check in 12OCT-14OCT o Double Room with breakfast daily Horta, Faial Island o Faial Resort Hotel Check in 14OCT-16OCT o Double room with breakfast daily Ponta Delgada, Sao Miguel Island o Royal Garden Hotel Check in 16OCT-21OCT Double Room with breakfast daily Private Transfers Airport Transfers Included o New Bedford to Boston Logan Airport transfers round-trip 11OCT-21 OCT o TER Airport to Angra Garden Hotel and vice-versa 12OCT-14OCT o Horta Airport to Faial Resort Hotel and vice-versa 14OCT-16OCT. o P. Delgada Airport to Royal Garden Hotel and vice-versa Terceira 16OCT-21OCT. All Transfers included on Private Tours Private Tours/Excursions Terceira o Full Day Terceira Tour with Lunch. Faial o Full Day Faial Tour with Lunch o Pico
  • Secret Base: Santa Maria Airfield During World War II

    Secret Base: Santa Maria Airfield During World War II

    vol.3 | Dezembro 2017 | Revista LPAZ vol.3 | Dezembro 2017 | Revista LPAZ September. At first base personnel were mostly civilian activated on August 1, 1944, with assignment to the North Secret Base: workers from two construction companies: W. C. Shepard Atlantic Division of the Air Transport Command. of Atlanta, Georgia, and W. A. Hart of Fort Lauderdale, Santa Maria Airfield during World War II Florida. Records show that during the opening phase, Keeping the military nature of the base secret was difficult. there were 267 civilians, 11 officers, and 124 enlisted Mail and baggage was inspected, with strict censorship of Daniel Haulman men, about half of them members of the 786th Military as many as 800 letters a day. Portuguese natives were Air Force Historical Research Agency | USA Police Detachment. Lt. Col. Russell W. Gray commanded not fooled when they saw American military personnel the temporary camp, with 45 pyramidal tents for military wearing khaki shirts showing marks where chevrons and During World War II, many European nations remained occupied France. In August, free French and American personnel. Nine other tents sheltered administrative insignia had been. Many of the American civilian workers neutral in the struggle between the Axis countries, led by forces invaded southern France, where German forces offices, mess facilities, and supplies. Civilian workers became discipline problems, partly because they had not Germany, Italy, and Japan, and the Allies, led by Britain, were forced to retreat, and Allied forces entered Paris by lived in similar temporary shelters, at first. By the end been carefully selected, and partly because they were the Soviet Union, and the United States.
  • GPS AZORES Project

    GPS AZORES Project

    GPS AZORES Project Title: Geopolitical framework of the Macaronesia region Project Coordinator: Helena Calado (Universidade dos Azores) Work Package Coordinator: Juan Luis Suarez de Vivero (Universidad de Sevilla) Authors: Elisabetta Menini, Firdaous Halim, Daniela Gabriel, Juan Luis Suarez de Vivero, Helena Calado, Fabiana Moniz, Mario Caña Varona. Submission date: 31 August 2018 Acknowledgements: Christine Ladiero for helping with statistics Citation: Menini E., Halim F., Gabriel, D., Suarez de Vivero, JL., Calado, H., Moniz, F., Caña Varona, M. 2018. Geopolitical framework of the Macaronesia region. GPS Azores project: Ponta Delgada. Page 1 This project was financed in 85% by FEDER and in 15% with regional funds through the Programa Operacional Açores 2020 (Operational Program Azores 2020), in scope of the project « GPSAZORES -ACORES-01-0145-FEDER-00002». Page 2 Contents ACRONYMS 4 1. Maritime scenario characterisation: Main political, jurisdictional and socio-economic features 5 1.1 Political geography of the region 5 1.1.1 The regional context: Macaronesia 5 1.1.2 Countries and territories 12 1.2 Maritime space 16 1.2.1 Macaronesia in the context of the United Nations Convention of the Law of the Sea 16 1.2.2 Maritime jurisdictions 19 1.2.3 Maritime borders 21 1.3 The socio-economic context: exploitation and uses of the maritime space 26 1.3.1 Demography 26 1.3.2 Economic development 27 1.3.3 Tourism 29 1.3.1 Fisheries and aquaculture 31 1.3.2 Regional maritime geo-economics 33 1.3.3 Other relevant maritime economic activities 33
  • Zerohack Zer0pwn Youranonnews Yevgeniy Anikin Yes Men

    Zerohack Zer0pwn Youranonnews Yevgeniy Anikin Yes Men

    Zerohack Zer0Pwn YourAnonNews Yevgeniy Anikin Yes Men YamaTough Xtreme x-Leader xenu xen0nymous www.oem.com.mx www.nytimes.com/pages/world/asia/index.html www.informador.com.mx www.futuregov.asia www.cronica.com.mx www.asiapacificsecuritymagazine.com Worm Wolfy Withdrawal* WillyFoReal Wikileaks IRC 88.80.16.13/9999 IRC Channel WikiLeaks WiiSpellWhy whitekidney Wells Fargo weed WallRoad w0rmware Vulnerability Vladislav Khorokhorin Visa Inc. Virus Virgin Islands "Viewpointe Archive Services, LLC" Versability Verizon Venezuela Vegas Vatican City USB US Trust US Bankcorp Uruguay Uran0n unusedcrayon United Kingdom UnicormCr3w unfittoprint unelected.org UndisclosedAnon Ukraine UGNazi ua_musti_1905 U.S. Bankcorp TYLER Turkey trosec113 Trojan Horse Trojan Trivette TriCk Tribalzer0 Transnistria transaction Traitor traffic court Tradecraft Trade Secrets "Total System Services, Inc." Topiary Top Secret Tom Stracener TibitXimer Thumb Drive Thomson Reuters TheWikiBoat thepeoplescause the_infecti0n The Unknowns The UnderTaker The Syrian electronic army The Jokerhack Thailand ThaCosmo th3j35t3r testeux1 TEST Telecomix TehWongZ Teddy Bigglesworth TeaMp0isoN TeamHav0k Team Ghost Shell Team Digi7al tdl4 taxes TARP tango down Tampa Tammy Shapiro Taiwan Tabu T0x1c t0wN T.A.R.P. Syrian Electronic Army syndiv Symantec Corporation Switzerland Swingers Club SWIFT Sweden Swan SwaggSec Swagg Security "SunGard Data Systems, Inc." Stuxnet Stringer Streamroller Stole* Sterlok SteelAnne st0rm SQLi Spyware Spying Spydevilz Spy Camera Sposed Spook Spoofing Splendide
  • Slave Trading and Slavery in the Dutch Colonial Empire: a Global Comparison

    Slave Trading and Slavery in the Dutch Colonial Empire: a Global Comparison

    rik Van WELie Slave Trading and Slavery in the Dutch Colonial Empire: A Global Comparison INTRODUCTION From the early seventeenth to the mid-nineteenth century, slavery played a fundamental role in the Dutch colonial empire.1 All overseas possessions of the Dutch depended in varying degrees on the labor of slaves who were imported from diverse and often remote areas. Over the past decades numer- ous academic publications have shed light on the history of the Dutch Atlantic slave trade and of slavery in the Dutch Americas.2 These scholarly contribu- tions, in combination with the social and political activism of the descen- dants of Caribbean slaves, have helped to bring the subject of slavery into the national public debate. The ongoing discussions about an official apology for the Dutch role in slavery, the erection of monuments to commemorate that history, and the inclusion of some of these topics in the first national history canon are all testimony to this increased attention for a troubled past.3 To some this recent focus on the negative aspects of Dutch colonial history has already gone too far, as they summon the country’s glorious past to instill a 1. I would like to thank David Eltis, Pieter Emmer, Henk den Heijer, Han Jordaan, Gerrit Knaap, Gert Oostindie, Alex van Stipriaan, Jelmer Vos, and the anonymous reviewers of the New West Indian Guide for their many insightful comments. As usual, the author remains entirely responsible for any errors. This article is an abbreviated version of a chapter writ- ten for the “Migration and Culture in the Dutch Colonial World” project at KITLV.
  • Prince Henry the Navigator, Who Brought This Move Ment of European Expansion Within Sight of Its Greatest Successes

    Prince Henry the Navigator, Who Brought This Move Ment of European Expansion Within Sight of Its Greatest Successes

    This is a reproduction of a library book that was digitized by Google as part of an ongoing effort to preserve the information in books and make it universally accessible. https://books.google.com PrinceHenrytheNavigator CharlesRaymondBeazley 1 - 1 1 J fteroes of tbe TRattong EDITED BY Sveltn Bbbott, flD.B. FELLOW OF BALLIOL COLLEGE, OXFORD PACTA DUOS VIVE NT, OPEROSAQUE OLMIA MHUM.— OVID, IN LI VI AM, f«». THE HERO'S DEEDS AND HARD-WON FAME SHALL LIVE. PRINCE HENRY THE NAVIGATOR GATEWAY AT BELEM. WITH STATUE, BETWEEN THE DOORS, OF PRINCE HENRY IN ARMOUR. Frontispiece. 1 1 l i "5 ' - "Hi:- li: ;, i'O * .1 ' II* FV -- .1/ i-.'..*. »' ... •S-v, r . • . '**wW' PRINCE HENRY THE NAVIGATOR THE HERO OF PORTUGAL AND OF MODERN DISCOVERY I 394-1460 A.D. WITH AN ACCOUNr Of" GEOGRAPHICAL PROGRESS THROUGH OUT THE MIDDLE AGLi> AS THE PREPARATION FOR KIS WORlf' BY C. RAYMOND BEAZLEY, M.A., F.R.G.S. FELLOW OF MERTON 1 fr" ' RifrB | <lvFnwn ; GEOGRAPHICAL STUDEN^rf^fHB-SrraSR^tttpXFORD, 1894 ule. Seneca, Medea P. PUTNAM'S SONS NEW YORK AND LONDON Cbe Knicftetbocftet press 1911 fe'47708A . A' ;D ,'! ~.*"< " AND TILDl.N' POL ' 3 -P. i-X's I_ • •VV: : • • •••••• Copyright, 1894 BY G. P. PUTNAM'S SONS Entered at Stationers' Hall, London Ube ftntcfeerbocfter press, Hew Iffotfc CONTENTS. PACK PREFACE Xvii INTRODUCTION. THE GREEK AND ARABIC IDEAS OF THE WORLD, AS THE CHIEF INHERITANCE OF THE CHRISTIAN MIDDLE AGES IN GEOGRAPHICAL KNOWLEDGE . I CHAPTER I. EARLY CHRISTIAN PILGRIMS (CIRCA 333-867) . 29 CHAPTER II. VIKINGS OR NORTHMEN (CIRCA 787-1066) .
  • Hds1hds100004444

    Hds1hds100004444

    COURSE MANUAL Expansion of Europe 15 ththth ---171717 ththth Century HDS1HDS100004444 University of Ibadan Distance Learning Centre Open and Distance Learning Course Series Development Copyright © 2016 by Distance Learning Centre, University of Ibadan, Ibadan. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior permission of the copyright owner. ISBN: 978-021-423-2 General Editor : Prof. Bayo Okunade University of Ibadan Distance Learning Centre University of Ibadan, Nigeria Telex: 31128NG Tel: +234 (80775935727) E-mail: [email protected] Website: www.dlc.ui.edu.ng ii Vice-Chancellor’s Message The Distance Learning Centre is building on a solid tradition of over two decades of service in the provision of External Studies Programme and now Distance Learning Education in Nigeria and beyond. The Distance Learning mode to which we are committed is providing access to many deserving Nigerians in having access to higher education especially those who by the nature of their engagement do not have the luxury of full time education. Recently, it is contributing in no small measure to providing places for teeming Nigerian youths who for one reason or the other could not get admission into the conventional universities. These course materials have been written by writers specially trained in ODL course delivery. The writers have made great efforts to provide up to date information, knowledge and skills in the different disciplines and ensure that the materials are user-friendly. In addition to provision of course materials in print and e-format, a lot of Information Technology input has also gone into the deployment of course materials.
  • Biodiversity in Sub-Saharan Africa and Its Islands Conservation, Management and Sustainable Use

    Biodiversity in Sub-Saharan Africa and Its Islands Conservation, Management and Sustainable Use

    Biodiversity in Sub-Saharan Africa and its Islands Conservation, Management and Sustainable Use Occasional Papers of the IUCN Species Survival Commission No. 6 IUCN - The World Conservation Union IUCN Species Survival Commission Role of the SSC The Species Survival Commission (SSC) is IUCN's primary source of the 4. To provide advice, information, and expertise to the Secretariat of the scientific and technical information required for the maintenance of biologi- Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna cal diversity through the conservation of endangered and vulnerable species and Flora (CITES) and other international agreements affecting conser- of fauna and flora, whilst recommending and promoting measures for their vation of species or biological diversity. conservation, and for the management of other species of conservation con- cern. Its objective is to mobilize action to prevent the extinction of species, 5. To carry out specific tasks on behalf of the Union, including: sub-species and discrete populations of fauna and flora, thereby not only maintaining biological diversity but improving the status of endangered and • coordination of a programme of activities for the conservation of bio- vulnerable species. logical diversity within the framework of the IUCN Conservation Programme. Objectives of the SSC • promotion of the maintenance of biological diversity by monitoring 1. To participate in the further development, promotion and implementation the status of species and populations of conservation concern. of the World Conservation Strategy; to advise on the development of IUCN's Conservation Programme; to support the implementation of the • development and review of conservation action plans and priorities Programme' and to assist in the development, screening, and monitoring for species and their populations.
  • Occasional Shippers Can Save Instantly with UPS®

    Occasional Shippers Can Save Instantly with UPS®

    Ship with Credit Card >> Occasional Shippers Can Save Instantly with UPS® The table below includes the discounted rates you can access today when using a credit card to book your shipment on ups.com. No need to sign-up, you can ship as our guest and start saving each time you ship1 within the EU. Simply access the ups.com shipping tool using the special link provided and apply the promotion code2 to your shipment. To anywhere in To Europe3 UPS Service Germany EU Group 1 EU Group 2 UPS Express® 27.94€ 94.01€ 197.83€ UPS Express 25.97€ 87.96€ 186.89€ Saver® UPS Standard® 10.95€ 32.93€ 50.97€ These rates apply for customers based in Germany, who use a credit card registered in Germany to book their shipment online with UPS. They are applicable to packages up to 20kg in actual or dimensional weight only. Packages exceeding this will be charged at the published tariff rate4. This offer is valid until 31.12.14, or until the special offer page is removed from ups.com, in which case the promotion code will remain active for a further 10 days maximum. The rates displayed here reflect shipping costs inclusive of VAT. Additional charges may apply to your shipment depending additional services chosen by you, the characteristics of your packages, and shipping destination. Please refer to www.ups.com/de/en for the latest information on additional charges. 1 Limited to destinations within the European Union as indicated on the rate chart provided. UPS Terms and Conditions of Carriage apply and can be viewed here: http://www.ups.com/content/de/en/resources/ship/terms/service.html 2 Valid promotion codes for this offer are the following: DE1EU, DE2EU, DE3EU, DE4EU and DE5EU 3 EU Group 1: UPS Express / Saver / Standard: Includes all EU countries except those listed in EU Group 2.