Dancing Genius: the Stardom of Vaslav Nijinsky

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Dancing Genius: the Stardom of Vaslav Nijinsky Dancing Genius This page intentionally left blank Dancing Genius The Stardom of Vaslav Nijinsky Hanna Järvinen The Theatre Academy of the University of the Arts Helsinki, Finland © Hanna Järvinen 2014 All rights reserved. No reproduction, copy or transmission of this publication may be made without written permission. No portion of this publication may be reproduced, copied or transmitted save with written permission or in accordance with the provisions of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, or under the terms of any licence permitting limited copying issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency, Saffron House, 6–10 Kirby Street, London EC1N 8TS. Any person who does any unauthorized act in relation to this publication may be liable to criminal prosecution and civil claims for damages. The author has asserted her right to be identified as the author of this work in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. First published 2014 by PALGRAVE MACMILLAN Palgrave Macmillan in the UK is an imprint of Macmillan Publishers Limited, registered in England, company number 785998, of Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire RG21 6XS. Palgrave Macmillan in the US is a division of St Martin’s Press LLC, 175 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY 10010. Palgrave Macmillan is the global academic imprint of the above companies and has companies and representatives throughout the world. Palgrave® and Macmillan® are registered trademarks in the United States, the United Kingdom, Europe and other countries. ISBN 978–1–137–40772–6 This book is printed on paper suitable for recycling and made from fully managed and sustained forest sources. Logging, pulping and manufacturing processes are expected to conform to the environmental regulations of the country of origin. A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. A catalog record for this book is available from the Library of Congress. Typeset by MPS Limited, Chennai, India. This book is for demoss and for my late grandparents, Siiri and Eino, Eeva and Vilho, who were all born subjects of Nicholas II This page intentionally left blank Contents Introduction: A Genealogy 1 Part I The Russian Invasion 1 An Audience for Ballet 27 2 Orientalism 56 Part II The Silent Body of a Genius 3 The Unique Genius 83 4 Male Beauty 121 5 Corporeality 141 6 The Mad Genius 173 Part III A Russian Russian Ballet? 7 The Old and the New Ballet 191 8 Revolutionary Exiles 219 Conclusion 242 Notes 245 Bibliography 283 Index 317 vii This page intentionally left blank Introduction: a Genealogy Nijinskymania My first encounter with Vaslav Nijinsky (Вацлавъ O~омичъ Нижинскій, 1889–1950) was one of instant and troubling familiarity, a feeling of déjà lu when reading an account of his life. Frankly, the man’s life sounded too much like a movie script to be plausible.1 All the elements of other narratives of great men seemed present, even if these contra- dicted each other. Seeking an alternative, I read other accounts and encountered denigration of Nijinsky’s off-stage person combined with laudatory accounts of his wonderful dancing. Again, the same feeling bothered me: why did this sound so familiar, so self-evident? I had encountered what Craig Dodd (1991, 6) called nijinskymania, the admiration (or rather, worship) of someone nicknamed ‘the God of the Dance’, born somewhere on the Russian steppes, sometime between 1888 and 1892, as the second son of the Polish dancers Eleonora Bereda and Thomas Nijinsky.2 Nijinsky’s fabulous Western career lasted only a dec- ade from 1909, when he became a household name as the leading male ̪ dancer in Sergei Diaghilev’s (Сергьйъ Павловичъ Дягилевъ, 1872–1929) dance troupe, the Ballets Russes, to the personal abyss of insanity in the wake of the First World War in 1919. Nijinskymania has primarily focused on Nijinsky as the star dancer of the exotic Russian troupe, and only more recently on his four controversial choreographic works for the company – L’Après-midi d’un Faune (Afternoon of a Faun, 1912), Jeux (Games, 1913), Le Sacre du Printemps (The Rite of Spring, 1913), and Till Eulenspiegel (1916). Consequently, this book will also primarily focus on Nijinsky as a dancer. Over the years, nijinskymania has produced (as a frustrated colleague retorted) “so much Nijinsky kitsch it makes your eyes bleed” – everything 1 2 Dancing Genius from ballets, plays and forms of fiction based on his life to postcards, paper dolls and porcelain figurines depicting him and his roles. People seem to be able to fit his image to any context, from horse racing to rock music.3 Countless stories have been told of Nijinsky – stories which are not and could never have been reality, but which within the discourse have received such truth-value that one repeatedly has to prove them false in order to present claims to the contrary. Nijinskymania is a myth in the Barthesian sense: a simplification of historical contingen- cies and contradictions, a mode of making sense of a complex set of changing circumstances (Barthes 1972, especially 11–2, 68–70, 109–59). This myth forced me to invert my original question and ask how an individual’s life has been constructed according to the rules of a movie narrative. Much of what ‘Nijinsky’ signifies today rests on the image created of him in the publicity for the Ballets Russes during his active career and shortly afterwards. Perhaps even more than his contemporary Anna Pavlova, Nijinsky became the first superstar of ballet – someone known to audiences who had never seen him dance. Even today, Nijinsky’s name carries a resonance rarely associated with a member of his pro- fession, but for reasons somewhat different from the ones that first made him famous (see Carter 2004, 14). Instead of perpetuating the myth, my interest in Nijinsky is both metahistorical and genealogical (Foucault 2001, especially 1004–24). Following Michel Foucault’s works on authorship and the operations of power, I discuss Nijinsky’s canoni- sation as a dancing genius and argue that in his figure, early twentieth- century dance aficionados found the perfect means for boosting the status of the art form. Another book would be necessary to do justice to the various later representations of Nijinsky and what they reveal of what was consid- ered of importance in dance as an art form at a given time. By the end of the Second World War, the outline of nijinskymania had fallen into place: in the creation of the tragic madman, “the idiot of genius” (Misia Sert according to Lieven 1973, 323) primary source materials contem- porary to Nijinsky’s career were overlooked in favour of reminiscences, hindsight and speculation. Having read this far, you have already been influenced by this mythical ‘afterlife’, so in what follows I have, at times, given examples of how my interpretation, based on contempo- rary materials, contradicts some of these later representations, most of which used to be hegemonic and some of which still are. I shall begin by briefly illustrating this ‘afterlife’ and the epistemologi- cal problems in addressing a career that ended abruptly in mental illness. Introduction: a Genealogy 3 After the Introduction, however, the historical individual becomes a lens for looking at how dance figured in the wider cultural discourses of the pre-war period. As a historian, I am interested in Nijinsky primarily as a means to address what kinds of insights his corporeal art form could produce for historiography. As a Foucauldian, I hope that if dance could once move, destabilise and disturb contemporary discourses, perhaps it could also do so today. As I see it, nijinskymania has prevailed and still prevails for three major reasons. First, Nijinsky’s purported mastery of movement unri- valled by his contemporaries; second, his enigmatic life outside the stage; and third, the abrupt end to his career. The first aspect is sig- nificant because Nijinsky has been lauded as the ‘World’s Best Dancer’ (sometimes with an additional ‘Ever’), even though it is quite difficult to define what combination of qualities can be termed thus, and impos- sible to ascertain whether Nijinsky possessed precisely those qualities. Nijinsky fans seem to believe anything was possible for this dancer, and have taken contemporary metaphors as actual reality. Simultaneously, much of the negative attention on Nijinsky has centred on disproving contemporary claims and reminiscences about his dance as defying the laws of nature. Later generations have voiced doubts about Nijinsky executing an entrechat-dix or a triple tour-en-l’air and/or claimed that his audiences were incapable of telling apart ten beats from six or three turns from two. It is an asset for both parties that, despite the fact that he was one of the most photographed of his contemporaries, only one pre-war photograph definitely shows Nijinsky’s famous jump and even this is somewhat blurred.4 Persistent rumours exist of a film showing Nijinsky dancing his first choreography, L’Après-midi d’un Faune (1912), but in all likelihood these are untrue.5 This lack of visual sources emphasises the mystery to such an extent that one might think it intentional that Nijinsky’s leaps were never caught on film. However, it also reveals how the continuation of nijinskymania relies on the imagined readings of ‘Nijinsky’ by generations who have not seen Nijinsky dance. This begs the question of what is the purpose of (re)imagining this long-dead Russian, today? Which of our discourses need to be destabilised? As Marcia B. Citron (1995, especially 113–6, 184–7) has shown, the name of a genius (a word still frequently used of Nijinsky) allows others to bask in its reflected glory: the name of a genius signifies more than that of a regular author-figure.
Recommended publications
  • The Schooltime Performance Series Nutcracker
    teacher resource guide schooltime performance series the nutcracker National Ballet Theatre of Odessa about the meet the cultural A short history on ballet and promoting performance composer connections diversity in the dance form Prepare to be dazzled and enchanted by The Nutcracker, a Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky (1840–1893) was an important Russian timeless and beloved ballet performance that is perfect for children composer who is famous for his romantic, melodic and emotional Ballet’s roots In the 20th century, ballet continued to evolve with the emergence of of all ages and adults who have grown up watching it during the musical works that are still popular and performed to this day. He Ballet has its roots in Italian Renaissance court pageantry. During notable figures, such as Vaslav Nijinsky, a male ballet dancer virtuoso winter holiday season. is known for his masterful, enchanting compositions for classical weddings, female dancers would dress in lavish gowns that reached their who could dance en pointe, a rare skill among male dancers, and George Balanchine, a giant in ballet choreography in America. The Nutcracker, held all over the world, varies from one production ballet, such as The Nutcracker, Swan Lake and The Sleeping Beauty. ankles and dance before a crowd of aristocrats, wealthy merchants, and company to another with different names for the protagonists, Growing up, he was clearly musically gifted; Tchaikovsky politically-connected financiers, such as the Medici family of Florence. Today, ballet has morphed to include many different elements, besides traditional and classical. Contemporary ballet is based on choreography, and even new musical additions in some versions.
    [Show full text]
  • From Staffordstown Niniski Nijinsky Virginia Hills Hernando (FR) Whakilyric Miswaki Lyrism Nashwan Blushing Groom Height of Fash
    From Staffordstown 778 778 Nijinsky Niniski Virginia Hills Hernando (FR) Miswaki BAY OR BROWN Whakilyric COLT (GB) Lyrism January 22nd, 2007 Blushing Groom (Second Produce) Stormy Weather Nashwan Height of Fashion (GB) Slip Anchor (2001) Shimmering Sea Sushila E.B.F. Nominated. 1st dam STORMY WEATHER (GB): unraced; dam of 1 previous foal; 1 runner: Shakedown (GB) (05 g. by Domedriver (IRE)): placed at 3, 2008, only start to-date 2nd dam Shimmering Sea (GB): 2 wins at 2 and placed twice inc. 3rd Silken Glider EBF S., Gr.3; dam of 11 foals; 9 runners; 7 winners inc.: STARLIT SANDS (GB) (f. by Oasis Dream (GB)): 3 wins at 2, 2007 at home and in France £53,810 inc. Prix d'Arenberg, Gr.3, 2nd Queen Mary S., Gr.2. SEA DANE (GB) (c. by Danehill (USA)): Champion sprinter in Scandinavia in 1999, 11 wins at home, in Denmark, in Norway and in Sweden and £106,737 inc. Whitley Bay Holiday Park Chipchase S., L., Saloprint Klampenborg Store Sprint, L. (twice) and IBM Taby Varsprint, L., 2nd Taby Open Sprint Championship, Gr.3, 3rd Norsk Jockeyklubs Sprintlop, L. (twice). Summer Night (GB): winner at 3; dam of winners inc.: SONGERIE (GB): 2 wins at 2 at home and in France and £61,684 inc. Prix des Reservoirs, Gr.3, placed 3rd Park Hill S., Gr.2. SOUVENANCE (GB): 4 wins at 2 and 4, 2007 at home and in Germany and £79,144 inc. IVG Euro Select Preis, L., placed 2nd Erik O Steens Memorial, L., 3rd Oaks d'Italia, Gr.1, Schwargold Rennen, Gr.2, Prix des Reservoirs, Gr.3 and Irish Stallion Farms EBF Give Thanks S., L.
    [Show full text]
  • A Possible Filiation Between A. Khomiakov and Lev Karsavin Françoise Lesourd
    A possible filiation between A. Khomiakov and Lev Karsavin Françoise Lesourd To cite this version: Françoise Lesourd. A possible filiation between A. Khomiakov and Lev Karsavin. Alexei Khomiakov : We are sobornost’ integral life in slavophile thought as an answer to modern fragmentation. The church, empire and the modern state, In press. hal-01792373 HAL Id: hal-01792373 https://hal-univ-lyon3.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01792373 Submitted on 15 May 2018 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. 1 A Possible Filiation Between Alexei Khomiakov and Lev Karsavin Françoise Lesourd Université Jean Moulin Lyon 3 Khomiakov exerted a certain influence on Lev Karsavin, one of the leading Russian philosophers of religion of the twentieth century. Lev Karsavin was born in Saint Petersburg in 1882. His family belonged not to the intelligentsia, but to the artistic milieu: his father was principal dancer at the Mariinsky Theatre, the Saint Petersburg opera house, and his sister Tamara Karsavina became a famous ballerina and went on to dance with Nijinsky 1 . Karsavin himself studied at the Faculty of History and Philology under the distinguished professor Ivan Mikhailovitch Grevs, and was to become one of the most outstanding historians of the Saint Petersburg school, and a specialist on medieval Western spirituality.
    [Show full text]
  • Download Thesis
    This electronic thesis or dissertation has been downloaded from the King’s Research Portal at https://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/ Fast Horses The Racehorse in Health, Disease and Afterlife, 1800 - 1920 Harper, Esther Fiona Awarding institution: King's College London The copyright of this thesis rests with the author and no quotation from it or information derived from it may be published without proper acknowledgement. END USER LICENCE AGREEMENT Unless another licence is stated on the immediately following page this work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International licence. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ You are free to copy, distribute and transmit the work Under the following conditions: Attribution: You must attribute the work in the manner specified by the author (but not in any way that suggests that they endorse you or your use of the work). Non Commercial: You may not use this work for commercial purposes. No Derivative Works - You may not alter, transform, or build upon this work. Any of these conditions can be waived if you receive permission from the author. Your fair dealings and other rights are in no way affected by the above. Take down policy If you believe that this document breaches copyright please contact [email protected] providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim. Download date: 10. Oct. 2021 Fast Horses: The Racehorse in Health, Disease and Afterlife, 1800 – 1920 Esther Harper Ph.D. History King’s College London April 2018 1 2 Abstract Sports historians have identified the 19th century as a period of significant change in the sport of horseracing, during which it evolved from a sporting pastime of the landed gentry into an industry, and came under increased regulatory control from the Jockey Club.
    [Show full text]
  • Ballet's Influence on the Development of Early Cinema
    Ballet’s Influence on the Development of Early Cinema and the Technological Modification of Dance Movement Jennifer Ann Zale Abstract Dance is a form of movement that has captured the attention of cinema spectators since the medium’s inception. The question of the compatibility between dance, particularly ballet, and cinema has been fiercely debated since the silent era and continues to be discussed by scholars and practitioners in the twenty-first century. This topic was of particular interest in the Russian cinema industry of the 1910s, in a country where ballet was considered to be among the most prestigious of the art forms. This article explores ballet’s influence on the development of silent cinema in pre-revolutionary Russia and the ways in which cinema technologies alter dance as an art form. This topic is discussed through the career of Vera Karalli, Imperial ballerina of the Bolshoi Theater turned Russia's first film star. I question the legitimacy of the argument that film can only preserve a disfigured image of a dancer’s body in motion. Many critics of Karalli’s cinematic performance fail to take into consideration the direct influence of the cinematography, editing style, and overall conditions of the Khanzhonkov Studio of 1914-1917 on the finished product. This article explores the cinematic rendition of the moving (dancing) body, taking into account the technology responsible for producing the final image. The study draws upon primary sources found in Moscow’s libraries and archives. Keywords: Dance in cinema; film history; Russian cinema; silent cinema; Vera Karalli. he final years of the Czarist era were a fruitful time period in the history of Russian ballet that included a combination of both innovative and classical choreography.
    [Show full text]
  • Classical Music Learning Guide for Swan Lake
    Classical Music Distance Learning Guide Distance Learning Guide This guide is designed to help you: • Introduce the story and artistry of Swan Lake to students. • Introduce students to classical music in a fun an engaging way. Contributors: Vanessa Hope, Director of Community Engagement DeMoya Brown, Community Engagement Manager Table of Contents About Swan Lake Artistic & Production Team………………………………………………………….……….…………...….3 The Swan Lake Story ………………………………………………………………...………………….….4 The Swan Lake Creators………………………………………..……………………...…………………....5 The History of Swan Lake……………………………………………………….…………………………..6 Set Design ……...…………………………………...………………...……………………………………...7 Characters…………………………………………………………………….……………………………….8 Introduction to Classical Music ………………………………………………………………………………………9 Music of Swan Lake …………………………………………………………………………………..10—11 Music Activities………………………………………………………………………………………...12—14 Community Engagement Mission Intrinsic to The Washington Ballet’s mission to bring the joy and artistry of dance to the nation’s capital, our community engagement programs provide a variety of opportunities to connect children and adults of all ages, abilities and backgrounds to the art of dance. We aspire to spark and enhance a love for dance, celebrate our cultural diversity and enrich the lives of our community members. To learn more visit: www.washingtonballet.org The Washington Ballet’s Community Engagement programs are supported by: DC Commission on the Arts and Humanities John Edward Fowler Memorial Foundation Howard and Geraldine Polinger
    [Show full text]
  • American Solution
    equineline.com Product 40P 09/18/20 14:46:02 EDT American Solution Dark Bay or Brown Colt; Mar 12, 2017 El Prado (IRE), 89 gr Kitten's Joy, 01 ch Kitten's First, 91 b Real Solution, 09 b Pulpit, 94 b Reachfortheheavens, 05 Reach, 97 b American Solution b Danzig, 77 b Foaled in Kentucky U S Dream, 11 b My Annette, 96 b U S Ranger, 04 b Theatrical (IRE), 82 dk b/ L'Attrayante (FR), 80 dk b/ Madeleine's Dream, 90 dk b/ By REAL SOLUTION (2009). Stakes winner of $1,374,175 USA in Italy and N.A., Arlington Million S. [G1] (AP, $558,000), Knob Creek Manhattan S. [G1] (BEL, $535,000), etc. Sire of 3 crops of racing age, 67 foals, 43 starters, 3 stakes winners, 1 champion, 30 winners of 65 races and earning $1,895,672 USA, including Lagartijo (Champion in Mexico, $52,604 USA), Ramsey Solution (to 4, 2020, $322,367, Tapit S. [LR]-ncr, 1 mile 70 yards in 1:36.38 (KD, $176,700)), Sister Peacock (to 4, 2020, $227,902 USA, Star Shoot S. [L] (WO, $60,000(CAN)), etc.), Catch a Bid (to 4, 2020, $190,524, Riskaverse S. [LR] (SAR, $55,000)), Speedy Solution (to 4, 2020, $166,950, 2nd Latonia S. (TP, $18,600)), Queens Embrace (at 3, 2020, $99,696, 3rd Lake Placid S. [G2] (SAR, $18,000)), Real Money (3 wins, to 4, 2020, $144,928 USA), Real Trouble (3 wins, $63,390), End Result ($43,585), Love Solution (4 wins, to 4, 2020, $41,912).
    [Show full text]
  • NP 2013.Docx
    LISTE INTERNATIONALE DES NOMS PROTÉGÉS (également disponible sur notre Site Internet : www.IFHAonline.org) INTERNATIONAL LIST OF PROTECTED NAMES (also available on our Web site : www.IFHAonline.org) Fédération Internationale des Autorités Hippiques de Courses au Galop International Federation of Horseracing Authorities 15/04/13 46 place Abel Gance, 92100 Boulogne, France Tel : + 33 1 49 10 20 15 ; Fax : + 33 1 47 61 93 32 E-mail : [email protected] Internet : www.IFHAonline.org La liste des Noms Protégés comprend les noms : The list of Protected Names includes the names of : F Avant 1996, des chevaux qui ont une renommée F Prior 1996, the horses who are internationally internationale, soit comme principaux renowned, either as main stallions and reproducteurs ou comme champions en courses broodmares or as champions in racing (flat or (en plat et en obstacles), jump) F de 1996 à 2004, des gagnants des neuf grandes F from 1996 to 2004, the winners of the nine épreuves internationales suivantes : following international races : Gran Premio Carlos Pellegrini, Grande Premio Brazil (Amérique du Sud/South America) Japan Cup, Melbourne Cup (Asie/Asia) Prix de l’Arc de Triomphe, King George VI and Queen Elizabeth Stakes, Queen Elizabeth II Stakes (Europe/Europa) Breeders’ Cup Classic, Breeders’ Cup Turf (Amérique du Nord/North America) F à partir de 2005, des gagnants des onze grandes F since 2005, the winners of the eleven famous épreuves internationales suivantes : following international races : Gran Premio Carlos Pellegrini, Grande Premio Brazil (Amérique du Sud/South America) Cox Plate (2005), Melbourne Cup (à partir de 2006 / from 2006 onwards), Dubai World Cup, Hong Kong Cup, Japan Cup (Asie/Asia) Prix de l’Arc de Triomphe, King George VI and Queen Elizabeth Stakes, Irish Champion (Europe/Europa) Breeders’ Cup Classic, Breeders’ Cup Turf (Amérique du Nord/North America) F des principaux reproducteurs, inscrits à la F the main stallions and broodmares, registered demande du Comité International des Stud on request of the International Stud Book Books.
    [Show full text]
  • A'level Dance Knowledge Organiser Christopher
    A’LEVEL DANCE KNOWLEDGE ORGANISER CHRISTOPHER BRUCE Training and background Influences • Christopher Bruce's interest in varied forms of • Walter Gore: Bruce briefly performed with Walter Gore’s company, London Ballet, in 1963, whilst a student at the Ballet choreography developed early in his career from his own Rambert School in London. Gore was a pupil of Massine and Marie Rambert in the 1930s before becoming one of Ballet exposure to classical, contemporary and popular dance. Rambert’s earliest significant classical choreographers. His influence on Bruce is seen less in classical technique and more in the • Bruce's father who introduced him to dance, believing it abstract presentation of social and psychological realism. This can of course be a characteristic of Rambert Ballet’s ‘house could provide a useful career and would help strengthen style’, post-1966. his legs, damaged by polio. • His early training, at the Benson Stage Academy, • Norman Morrice: As Associate Artistic Director of Ballet Rambert in 1966, Morrice was interested in exploring contemporary Scarborough, included ballet, tap and acrobatic dancing - themes and social comment. He was responsible for the company’s change in direction to a modern dance company as he all elements which have emerged in his choreography. introduced Graham technique to be taught alongside ballet. • At the age of thirteen he attended the Ballet Rambert School and Rambert has provided the most consistent • Glen Tetley: Glen Tetley drew on balletic and Graham vocabulary in his pieces, teaching Bruce that ‘the motive for the umbrella for his work since. movement comes from the centre of the body … from this base we use classical ballet as an extension to give wider range and • After a brief spell with Walter Gore's London Ballet, he variety of movement’.
    [Show full text]
  • The Cathay Pacific Hong Kong International Races 2008 – the Turf World Championships
    Welcome to the Cathay Pacific Hong Kong International Races 2008 – The Turf World Championships. This year’s CXHKIR will welcome its largest ever number of global racing stars to Sha Tin on Sunday, 14 December. Four G1 races, worth a combined HK$62m (approx. US$8m) in stakes, have invited a record 37 international runners to join 18 of the very best from Hong Kong. Sixteen individual G1 winners are present from 11 racing jurisdictions overall. In the FORM GUIDE of each race, the PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS table provides you with a bird-eye's view of the race. This at-a-glance guide gives you a full form summary of the horses in a simple and concise table. Another handy tool is the INTERNATIONAL RATINGS CHART. In weight-for-age races like the Cathay Pacific HKIR, generally speaking, the higher a horse's rating, which is based on racing performance, the better its chance to win. A preliminary SPEED CHART has been included to assist in identifying likely positions in running. Please note that this is preliminary only and the full Speed Map will be available after barrier draw in the SpeedPOWER Form Guide on www.hkjc.com/english/formguide/formguide.asp. If you need further information and analysis, just flip over to the next section where you will find the COMPREHENSIVE PAST PERFORMANCE of the horses. Also included is the FORM ANALYSIS, which highlights the notable achievements and racing characteristics of each horse. Another feature is the RATINGS HISTORY CHART. This chart indicates the quality and consistency of a horse's previous 10 starts through a graphical illustration of the ratings achieved in these races.
    [Show full text]
  • We Warred Over Art: Pandemonium at Le Sacre Du Printemps
    We Warred Over Art: Pandemonium at Le Sacre du Printemps Elizabeth Blair Davis Honors Art History Thesis April 3, 2015 Table of Contents I. Introduction……………………………………………………………………………1-9 II. Chapter I: The World of Russian Art...………………………………………………10-20 III. Chapter II: The Russian Orient….……………………………………………………21-33 IV. Chapter III: Russia’s ‘Primitive’ Roots.....……………………………………….…..34-48 V. Conclusion……………………………………………………………………………49-51 VI. Bibliography………………………………………………………………………….52-55 VII. Images…………………………………………………………………………...……56-86 1 Introduction Standing in her box, her tiara askew, the old comtesse de Pourtalès brandished her fan and cried red-faced: ‘This is the first time in sixty years that anyone has dared make fun of me!’ The worthy lady was sincere; she thought it was a hoax. — Jean Cocteau1 On the evening of May 29, 1913, in the Théatre des Champs Elysées in Paris, the Ballets Russes’ premiere of Le Sacre du Printemps, inspired magnificent scandal. The ballet, translated into English as The Rite of Spring, depicted a Russian pagan ritual of human sacrifice. It completely departed from the expectations of twentieth-century French viewers, leading quite literally to a riot in the theater.2 Scholars including Thomas Kelly, Theodore Ziolkowski, Lynn Garafola, and Alexander Schouvaloff have discussed the premiere of The Rite of Spring extensively in terms of music and dance history, and yet, despite its commonalities with modern art of the period, it has not been discussed in terms of an art historical context. As the primary liaison between French and Russian artistic spheres, Sergei Diaghilev possessed the responsibility of presenting Russian culture in a manner that appealed to French audiences.
    [Show full text]
  • The Bolshoi Meets Bolshevism: Moving Bodies and Body Politics, 1917-1934
    THE BOLSHOI MEETS BOLSHEVISM: MOVING BODIES AND BODY POLITICS, 1917-1934 By Douglas M. Priest A DISSERTATION Submitted to Michigan State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of History – Doctor of Philosophy 2016 ABSTRACT THE BOLSHOI MEETS BOLSHEVISM: MOVING BODIES AND BODY POLITICS, 1917- 1934 By Douglas M. Priest Following the Russian Revolution in 1917, the historically aristocratic Bolshoi Ballet came face to face with Bolshevik politics for the first time. Examining the collision of this institution and its art with socialist politics through the analysis of archival documents, published material, and ballets themselves, this dissertation explains ballet’s persisting allure and cultural power in the early Soviet Union. The resulting negotiation of aesthetic and political values that played out in a discourse of and about bodies on the Bolshoi Theater’s stage and inside the studios of the Bolshoi’s Ballet School reveals Bolshevik uncertainty about the role of high culture in their new society and helped to define the contentious relationship between old and new in the 1920s. Furthermore, the most hostile attack on ballet coming from socialists, anti- formalism, paradoxically provided a rhetorical shield for classical ballet by silencing formalist critiques. Thus, the collision resulted not in one side “winning,” but rather in a contested environment in which dancers embodied both tradition and revolution. Finally, the persistence of classical ballet in the 1920s, particularly at the Ballet School, allowed for the Bolshoi Ballet’s eventual ascendancy to world-renowned ballet company following the second World War. This work illuminates the Bolshoi Ballet’s artistic work from 1917 to 1934, its place and importance in the context of early Soviet culture, and the art form’s cultural power in the Soviet Union.
    [Show full text]