DOCSLIB.ORG

An Examination of the Vertebral Rings of the Atlantic Sharpnose Shark, Rhizoprionodon Terraenovae Glenn R

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
An Examination of the Vertebral Rings of the Atlantic Sharpnose Shark, Rhizoprionodon Terraenovae Glenn R CORE Metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk Provided by Aquila Digital Community Northeast Gulf Science Volume 6 Article 8 Number 1 Number 1 2-1983 An Examination of the Vertebral Rings of the Atlantic Sharpnose Shark, Rhizoprionodon terraenovae Glenn R. Parsons University of South Alabama DOI: 10.18785/negs.0601.08 Follow this and additional works at: https://aquila.usm.edu/goms Recommended Citation Parsons, G. R. 1983. An Examination of the Vertebral Rings of the Atlantic Sharpnose Shark, Rhizoprionodon terraenovae. Northeast Gulf Science 6 (1). Retrieved from https://aquila.usm.edu/goms/vol6/iss1/8 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by The Aquila Digital Community. It has been accepted for inclusion in Gulf of Mexico Science by an authorized editor of The Aquila Digital Community. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Parsons: An Examination of the Vertebral Rings of the Atlantic Sharpnose S Northeast Gulf Science Vol. 6, No.1 February 1983 63 AN EXAMINATION OF THE storage. A single intact vertebra was VERTEBRAL RINGS OF THE removed from the section with a scalpel. ATLANTIC SHARPNOSE SHARK, The centrum was cleaned of all tissue Rhizoprionodon terraenovae aside from the neural arch which was left intact for use as a reference point Attempts at elasmobranch age during measurements. Using forceps a determination have resulted in only single sheet of spongy connective tissue limited success. At present there is no could be peeled from the concave face of easy technique that can be used for the centrum. It was necessary to remove ageing elasmobranchs in general. Use of this soft tissue since its presence made the calcified rings which appear on the ring elucidation more difficult. vertebra centra appears to be a promising To enhance ring clarity a simple technique. The annual nature of the rings technique was employed. After the has not been conclusively determined centrum face had dried for about five although there is mounting evidence minutes, the side of a number two lead which supports this hypothesis. Holden pencil point held parallel to the inner and Vince (1973) using tetracycline surface of the concavity was used to injections proved that at least for North accentuate the rings. This method Sea populations of the thornback ray, detected any differences in microtopo­ Raja clavata the rings are annual. Stevens graphy and allowed the rings to be (1975) compared blue shark, Prionace measured and counted. The radius of glauca vertebral ring age estimates with each ring, as well as the diameter and Aasen's ( 1966) Peterson distribution age radius of each centrum, was measured estimates and found almost identical to the nearest 0.1 mm. All measurements values for years one through four. These were made with calipers. Ring counts findings strongly suggest that the rings and measurements were made on the left are annual. and right lateral walls of the concavity. Analysis of the vertebral rings of Samples of vertebrae used for this study Atlantic sharpnose sharks, Rhizopriono­ are archived in the ichthyological don terraenovae, are presented. Age collection of the University of South estimations utilizing these rings are Alabama (USAIC). compared with age estimations made by Parsons (1981 ). A rapid method for RESULTS AND DISCUSSION ring elucidation is described. Vertebrae from fifteen male MATERIALS AND METHODS R. terraenovae ( 46.7 to 94.8 em total length) were examined. Vertebrae centra Specimens of R. terraenovae diameters ranged from 5.1 to 12.1 mm collected from the northern Gulf of and radii from 3.5 to 7.5 mm. Figure 1 Mexico between July 1979 and May 1980 shows that the relationship between and preserved in 10% formalin were centrum radius and shark total length utilized. Total length was measured for is linear (r=0.94). Stevens (1975) found each specimen. A section of four to eight a similar linear relationship for the centra vertebrae was removed from the region of the blue shark, Prionace glauca. This of the vertebral column just anterior of demonstrates positive allometric growth the first dorsal fin origin. The vertebral of the centra and is an important section was cleaned of all muscle tissue characteristic for a potential age and placed in 50% isopropyl alcohol for indicator. Published by The Aquila Digital Community, 1983 1 Gulf of Mexico Science, Vol. 6 [1983], No. 1, Art. 8 64 Short papers and notes After accentuation, the vertebral rings could be easily counted and measured (Figure 2). Vertebral rings ranged from one to eight in number and averaged 3.2 to 6.6 mm in radius. Figure 3 shows the relationship between ring number and average ring radius. Assuming ~ach ring requires approxi­ mately the same time interval for formation then the figure shows that growth of the centra is most rapid during the period between formation of rings one through three. Using Figures 1 and 3 average ring radii can be used to estimate the total length of the shark at ring Figure 2. A photograph of an R. terraenovae vertebral centra showing the accentuated rings (2x formation (assuming ring formation magnification). This vertebra was taken from an occurs at the centrum edge). Average 83.5 em adult. radii of rings one, two and three correspond to total lengths of 50, 58, 7 3 ~' and 68 em respectively. The increase 6 4/t/ in vertebral ring radii and therefore 6 7 f/t the increase in shark total length slows after formation of ring three. 5 "/!/ In this work a relationship between Ring vertebral ring number and total length Radius ) was observed (Figure 4). The plot shows (mm) 4 an increase in the number of vertebral 15/! rings with increasing total length of /+ Hand Fit Curve the shark. This type of relationship has 3 2 3 4 6 Number of rings 100 90 Figure 3. The relationship between the number ol vertebral rings and vertebral ring radius. The plot 80 shows the average ring radius (•), the 95% 70 confidence interval (1), and the sample size. Total 60 been demonstrated in a number of Length 50 (em) elasmobranch species (Daiber 1960; 40 Taylor and Holden 1964; Stevens 1975). 30 Parsons (1981), using age classes Linear RegressiOn estimated from terraenovae collection 20 R. data, reported that fish born at ca. 32 em 2 3 4 6 7 8 total length leave Age Group 0 at ca. 65 em and fish ca. 65 to 80 em belong Centrum Radius {mm) to Age Group 1. These values represent an annual growth increment of about 30 Figure 1. The relationship between centrum radius and shark total length for Rhizoprionodon and 15 em per year for Age Group 0 and 1 terraenovae (N=15). respectively. If the vertebral rings of https://aquila.usm.edu/goms/vol6/iss1/8 2 DOI: 10.18785/negs.0601.08 Parsons: An Examination of the Vertebral Rings of the Atlantic Sharpnose S Northeast Gulf Science Vol. 6, No. 1 February 1983 65 100 From birth to maturity (ca 85 em) sharp­ ~ 90 .. ".. .. " nose sharks increase at about 66% of 80 I birth length per year. Stevens (1975) used • 70 .. vertebral rings and reported growth from birth (45 em) to a length of 300 em Tolal 60 Lenglh required 10 years for the blue shark, 50 18• (em) Prionace glauca. This represents an 40 increase of 56.7% (of birth length) per 30 year. Tanaka et a/. (1978) report that 20 Hand Rt Curve the Eiraku shark, Galeorhinus japonicus, grows from 24 em at birth to about 110 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 to 125 em in 15 years, representing a Number of rings yearly increase of 24 to 28% of birth length. The lemon shark, Negaprion Figure 4. The relationship between the number of brevirostris increases from birth (60 em) vertebral rings and total length for Rhizoprionodon terraenovae (N=15). to maturity (245 em) in about 6.5 years (Gruber 1981). This represents a yearly R. terraenovae are annual then the increase of 47.4% of birth length. results of this study suggest that Age The environmental factor(s) which Group 0, 1, and 2 fish are about 50 em or result in changes in calcification and thus less, about 50 to 65 em, and about 65 vertebral ring formation are unknown. to 75 em respectively (Figure 4). Stevens For some species these rings may be due (1975) assumed that the rings on the to seasonal temperature changes vertebrae of the blue shark are annual (Everhart et .a/. 1975). However, and that the first ring represents a sharpnose sharks are not subject to birth-mark. Since vertebrae from recently extreme temperature variations as are born R. terraenovae were not examined, fish of more northern climes, owing to its it cannot be determined whether or not offshore migration during winter months the first ring is present at birth. (Parsons 1981). Stevens' (1975) data However, if we assume ring number one suggest that calcified rings of the blue to be a birth-mark, then fish between shark are formed during the spring and ca. 32 em (average total length at birth) may be related to an increase in the food and ca. 65 em total length could be supply or change in diet in more northerly placed in Age Group 1. These estimates waters. Based on this study, no con­ represent yearly growth increments of clusion can be made concerning the ca. 30 and 10 em for Age Group 0 and 1 cause of variable rates of centra calcifica­ respectively, and correspond well with tion in R. terraenovae. the estimates of Parsons (1981). The sharks utilized for this study Using these growth increment had been preserved in formalin for one estimates, percent increase per year to two years.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • © Iccat, 2007
    A5 By-catch Species APPENDIX 5: BY-CATCH SPECIES A.5 By-catch species By-catch is the unintentional/incidental capture of non-target species during fishing operations. Different types of fisheries have different types and levels of by-catch, depending on the gear used, the time, area and depth fished, etc. Article IV of the Convention states: "the Commission shall be responsible for the study of the population of tuna and tuna-like fishes (the Scombriformes with the exception of Trichiuridae and Gempylidae and the genus Scomber) and such other species of fishes exploited in tuna fishing in the Convention area as are not under investigation by another international fishery organization". The following is a list of by-catch species recorded as being ever caught by any major tuna fishery in the Atlantic/Mediterranean. Note that the lists are qualitative and are not indicative of quantity or mortality. Thus, the presence of a species in the lists does not imply that it is caught in significant quantities, or that individuals that are caught necessarily die. Skates and rays Scientific names Common name Code LL GILL PS BB HARP TRAP OTHER Dasyatis centroura Roughtail stingray RDC X Dasyatis violacea Pelagic stingray PLS X X X X Manta birostris Manta ray RMB X X X Mobula hypostoma RMH X Mobula lucasana X Mobula mobular Devil ray RMM X X X X X Myliobatis aquila Common eagle ray MYL X X Pteuromylaeus bovinus Bull ray MPO X X Raja fullonica Shagreen ray RJF X Raja straeleni Spotted skate RFL X Rhinoptera spp Cownose ray X Torpedo nobiliana Torpedo
    [Show full text]
  • AC19 Doc. 18.1
    AC19 Doc. 18.1 CONVENTION ON INTERNATIONAL TRADE IN ENDANGERED SPECIES OF WILD FAUNA AND FLORA ___________________ Nineteenth meeting of the Animals Committee Geneva (Switzerland), 18-21 August 2003 Biological and Trade Status of Sharks PROGRESS MADE BY THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA IN DEVELOPING AND IMPLEMENTING THE IPOA-SHARKS 1. This document has been prepared by the United States of America. 2. At the 12th meeting of the Conference of the Parties (CoP12) in November 2002, Parties adopted Decision 12.49 as follows: The Secretariat shall encourage CITES authorities of Parties to obtain information on IPOA-Sharks implementation from their national fisheries departments and report on progress at future meetings of the Animals Committee. 3. Accordingly, the Scientific Authority of the United States of America contacted the United States National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) for updated information on the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) International Plan of Action for the Conservation and Management of Sharks (IPOA-Sharks). Attached is the most recent NMFS report to our legislature on this subject. It details the progress made by the United States of America in developing and implementing the IPOA-Sharks. This report was also submitted to FAO as an official United States update on the matter. AC19 Doc. 18.1 – p. 1 AC19 Doc. 18.1 Annex (English only/ Seulement en anglais / Únicamente en inglés) Report to Congress Pursuant to the Shark Finning Prohibition Act of 2000 (Public Law 106-557) Prepared by the National Marine Fisheries Service December 2002 AC19 Doc. 18.1 – p. 2 Table of Contents 1. Introduction 1.1 Management Authority in the United States 1.2 Current Management of Sharks in the Atlantic Ocean 1.3 Current Management of Sharks in the Pacific Ocean 1.4 U.S.
    [Show full text]
  • Diet of Atlantic Sharpnose Shark, Rhizoprionodon Terraenovae, from the North-Central Gulf of Mexico: Initial Findings
    Diet of Atlantic Sharpnose Shark, Rhizoprionodon terraenovae, from the North-central Gulf of Mexico: Initial Findings Estudios Preliminares de la Dieta del Cazón Picudo Atlántico, Rhizoprionodon terraenovae, de la Región Central del Norte del Golfo de México Régime Alimentaire du Requin Rhizoprionodon terraenovae dans la Partie Centre-Nord du Golfe du Mexique: Résultats Préliminaires JEREMY M. HIGGS1*, ERIC R. HOFFMAYER2, JILL M. HENDON1, and CHRISTOPHER M. BUTLER1 1The University of Southern Mississippi, Gulf Coast Research Laboratory, Center for Fisheries Research and Development, 703 East Beach Drive, Ocean Springs, Mississippi 39564 USA. *[email protected]. 2National Marine Fisheries Service, Southeast Fisheries Science Center, Mississippi Laboratories, Pascagoula, Mississippi 39567 USA. EXTENDED ABSTRACT The Atlantic sharpnose shark, Rhizoprionodon terraenovae, is a relatively small species of shark that inhabits the western Atlantic Ocean from Canada to Mexico (Compagno 1984) and is the most abundant shark species in the coastal waters of the northcentral Gulf of Mexico (ncGOM) (Parsons and Hoffmayer 2005, Hoffmayer et al. 2006, Parsons and Hoffmayer 2007). Atlantic sharpnose sharks can be caught with light fishing tackle and are frequently targeted by ncGOM recreational fishermen (Castro 2011). Atlantic sharpnose, like many shark species, are an upper trophic level predatory fish and play a key role in ecosystem dynamics and aid in maintaining the overall balance of the marine community (Cortés 1999). Understanding the diet of the Atlantic sharpnose shark can provide insight into the predator-prey interactions this species has in nearshore fish communities in the ncGOM. Atlantic sharpnose sharks were collected opportunistically from 2004 to 2010 during routine research cruises conducted in the Mississippi Sound, Chandeleur Sound, and adjacent waters.
    [Show full text]
  • Common Sharks of the Northern Gulf of Mexico So You Caught a Sand Shark?
    Common Sharks of the Northern Gulf of Mexico So you caught a sand shark? Estuaries are ecosystems where fresh and saltwater meet The northern Gulf of Mexico is home to several shark and mix. Estuaries provide nursery grounds for a wide species. A few of these species very closely resemble variety of invertebrate species such as oysters, shrimp, one another and are commonly referred to as and blue crabs along finfishes including croaker, red “sand sharks.” drum, spotted seatrout, tarpon, menhaden, flounder and many others. This infographic will help you quickly differentiate between the different “sand sharks” and also help you Because of this abundance, larger animals patrol coastal identify a few common offshore species. Gulf waters for food. Among these predators are a number of shark species. Sharpnose (3.5 ft) Blacknose (4ft) Finetooth (4ft) Blacktip (5ft) Maximum size of Human (avg. 5.5ft) . the coastal Spinner (6ft) sharks are Bull (8ft) depicted in scale Silky (9ft) Scalloped Hammerhead (10ft) Great Hammerhead (13ft) Maximum Adult Size Adult Maximum Tiger (15ft) 5 ft 10 ft 15 ft Blacktip shark Atlantic sharpnose shark Carcharhinus limbatus Rhizoprionodon terraenovae Spinner shark Easy ID: White “freckles” on the body Easy ID: Pointed snout, anal fin lacks a black tip Carcharhinus brevipinna Finetooth shark Blacknose shark Carcharhinus isodon Carcharhinus acronotus Easy ID: Black tip on anal fin present Easy ID: Distinct lack of black markings on fins, extremely pointed snout Easy ID: Distinct black smudge on the tip of the snout,
    [Show full text]
  • Diets of Atlantic Sharpnose Shark
    Gulf and Caribbean Research Volume 27 | Issue 1 2016 Diets of Atlantic Sharpnose Shark (Rhizoprionodon terraenovae) and Bonnethead (Sphyrna tiburo) in the northern Gulf of Mexico Tyler Harrington Texas A & M University - Galveston, [email protected] Jeff lumleeP Texas A & M University - Galveston, [email protected] J. Marcus Drymon University of South Alabama, Dauphin Island Sea Lab, [email protected] David Wells Texas A & M University - Galveston, [email protected] DOI: 10.18785.gcr.2701.05 Follow this and additional works at: http://aquila.usm.edu/gcr Recommended Citation Harrington, T., J. Plumlee, J. Drymon and D. Wells. 2016. Diets of Atlantic Sharpnose Shark (Rhizoprionodon terraenovae) and Bonnethead (Sphyrna tiburo) in the northern Gulf of Mexico. Gulf and Caribbean Research 27 (1): 42-51. Retrieved from http://aquila.usm.edu/gcr/vol27/iss1/5 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by The Aquila Digital Community. It has been accepted for inclusion in Gulf and Caribbean Research by an authorized administrator of The Aquila Digital Community. For more information, please contact [email protected]. VOLUME 25 VOLUME GULF AND CARIBBEAN Volume 25 RESEARCH March 2013 TABLE OF CONTENTS GULF AND CARIBBEAN SAND BOTTOM MICROALGAL PRODUCTION AND BENTHIC NUTRIENT FLUXES ON THE NORTHEASTERN GULF OF MEXICO NEARSHORE SHELF RESEARCH Jeffrey G. Allison, M. E. Wagner, M. McAllister, A. K. J. Ren, and R. A. Snyder....................................................................................1—8 WHAT IS KNOWN ABOUT SPECIES RICHNESS AND DISTRIBUTION ON THE OUTER—SHELF SOUTH TEXAS BANKS? Harriet L. Nash, Sharon J. Furiness, and John W. Tunnell, Jr. ......................................................................................................... 9—18 Volume 27 ASSESSMENT OF SEAGRASS FLORAL COMMUNITY STRUCTURE FROM TWO CARIBBEAN MARINE PROTECTED 2016 AREAS ISSN: 1528—0470 Paul A.
    [Show full text]
  • And Their Functional, Ecological, and Evolutionary Implications
    DePaul University Via Sapientiae College of Science and Health Theses and Dissertations College of Science and Health Spring 6-14-2019 Body Forms in Sharks (Chondrichthyes: Elasmobranchii), and Their Functional, Ecological, and Evolutionary Implications Phillip C. Sternes DePaul University, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://via.library.depaul.edu/csh_etd Part of the Biology Commons Recommended Citation Sternes, Phillip C., "Body Forms in Sharks (Chondrichthyes: Elasmobranchii), and Their Functional, Ecological, and Evolutionary Implications" (2019). College of Science and Health Theses and Dissertations. 327. https://via.library.depaul.edu/csh_etd/327 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the College of Science and Health at Via Sapientiae. It has been accepted for inclusion in College of Science and Health Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Via Sapientiae. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Body Forms in Sharks (Chondrichthyes: Elasmobranchii), and Their Functional, Ecological, and Evolutionary Implications A Thesis Presented in Partial Fulfilment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Science June 2019 By Phillip C. Sternes Department of Biological Sciences College of Science and Health DePaul University Chicago, Illinois Table of Contents Table of Contents.............................................................................................................................ii List of Tables..................................................................................................................................iv
    [Show full text]
  • © Iccat, 2007
    A2.2 ICCAT Species Codes APPENDIX 2.2: SPECIES CODES Y ello wfin tuna Codes used to identify the ICCAT tuna and tuna-like species as well as by-catch species Atún blanco Tuna and tuna-like species G e r m o n Numerical Alphabetical Scientific Name English SkipjackFra tunancais EspañolR a b i l 1 BFT Thunnus thynnus Northern bluefin tuna Thon rouge du Nord Atún común (Cimarrón) 2 SBF Thunnus maccoyii Southern bluefin tuna Thon rouge du Sud Atún del Sur 3 YFT Thunnus albacares erocablA T hazard-bâtard L i s t a d o 4 ALB Thunnus alalunga erocablA Plain bonito 5 BET Thunnus obesus Bigeye tuna Thon obèse(=Patudo)P a l o m e t tPatudo e 6 BLF Thunnus atlanticus Blackfin tuna Thon à nageoires noires Atún des aletas negras 7 LTA Euthynnus alletteratus Little tunny(=Atl.black skipjack) Thonine commune BacoretaT a s a r t e 8 SKJ Katsuwonus pelamis WBlack a h o o m arlinoatsiL M akaire noir 9 BON Sarda sarda Atlantic bonito Bonite à dos rayé Bonito del AtlánticoA guja negra P e t o 10 FRI Auxis thazard Frigate tuna Auxide Melva 11 BOP Orcynopsis unicolor 12 WAH Acanthocybium solandri Pez espada 13 SSM Scomberomorus maculatus Atlantic SpanishS w mackerel o r d f i s hTh azard atlantique Carite atlántico 14 KGM Scomberomorus cavalla King mackerel Thazard Ebarr sé p a d o n Carite lucio 15 SAI Istiophorus albicans Atlantic sailfish Voilier de l'Atlantique Pez vela del Atlántico 16 BLM Makaira indica 17 BUM Makaira nigricans Atlantic blue marlin Makaire bleu de l'Atlantique Aguja azul del Atlántico 18 WHM Tetrapturus albidus Atlantic white marlin Makaire blanc de l'Atlantique Aguja blanca del Atlántico 28 19 SWO Xiphias gladius 3 20 SPF Tetrapturus pfluegeri Longbill spearfish Makaire bécune Aguja picuda 284 ICCAT MANUAL, 1st Edition (January 2010) 21 TUN Thunnini sanuT ien sédinohT acn senutA pen 23 YOU gnuoY sanut senueJ sédinoht senutA senevój 24 BIL Istiophoridae Marlins,sailfishes,etc.
    [Show full text]
  • Migratory Sharks Complete 3 0 0.Pdf
    CMS Technical Series No. 15 Review of Migratory Chondrichthyan Fishes Review of Migratory Chondrichthyan Fishes Prepared by the Shark Specialist Group of the IUCN Species Survival Commission on behalf of the CMS Secretariat • CMS Technical Series No. 15 CMS Technical UNEP/CMS Secretariat Public Information Hermann-Ehlers-Str. 10 53113 Bonn, Germany T. +49 228 815-2401/02 F. +49 228 815-2449 www.cms.int Review of Chondrichthyan Fishes IUCN Species Survival Commission’s Shark Specialist Group December 2007 Published by IUCN–The World Conservation Union, the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) and the Secretariat of the Convention on the Conservation of Migratory Species of Wild Animals (CMS). Review of Chondrichthyan Fishes. 2007. Prepared by the Shark Specialist Group of the IUCN Species Survival Commission on behalf of the CMS Secretariat. Cover photographs © J. Stafford-Deitsch. Front cover: Isurus oxyrinchus Shortfin mako shark. Back cover, from left: Sphyrna mokarran Great hammerhead shark, Carcharodon carcharias Great white shark, Prionace glauca Blue shark. Maps from Collins Field Guide to Sharks of the World. 2005. IUCN and UNEP/ CMS Secretariat, Bonn, Germany. 72 pages. Technical Report Series 15. This publication was prepared and printed with funding from the CMS Secretariat and Department for the Environment, Food, and Rural Affairs, UK. Produced by: Naturebureau, Newbury, UK. Printed by: Information Press, Oxford, UK. Printed on: 115gsm Allegro Demi-matt produced from sustainable sources. © 2007 IUCN–The World Conservation Union / Convention on Migratory Species (CMS). This publication may be reproduced in whole or in part and in any form for educational or non-profit purposes without special permission from the copyright holder, provided acknowledgement of the source is made.
    [Show full text]
  • The Conservation Status of North American, Central American, and Caribbean Chondrichthyans the Conservation Status Of
    The Conservation Status of North American, Central American, and Caribbean Chondrichthyans The Conservation Status of Edited by The Conservation Status of North American, Central and Caribbean Chondrichthyans North American, Central American, Peter M. Kyne, John K. Carlson, David A. Ebert, Sonja V. Fordham, Joseph J. Bizzarro, Rachel T. Graham, David W. Kulka, Emily E. Tewes, Lucy R. Harrison and Nicholas K. Dulvy L.R. Harrison and N.K. Dulvy E.E. Tewes, Kulka, D.W. Graham, R.T. Bizzarro, J.J. Fordham, Ebert, S.V. Carlson, D.A. J.K. Kyne, P.M. Edited by and Caribbean Chondrichthyans Executive Summary This report from the IUCN Shark Specialist Group includes the first compilation of conservation status assessments for the 282 chondrichthyan species (sharks, rays, and chimaeras) recorded from North American, Central American, and Caribbean waters. The status and needs of those species assessed against the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species criteria as threatened (Critically Endangered, Endangered, and Vulnerable) are highlighted. An overview of regional issues and a discussion of current and future management measures are also presented. A primary aim of the report is to inform the development of chondrichthyan research, conservation, and management priorities for the North American, Central American, and Caribbean region. Results show that 13.5% of chondrichthyans occurring in the region qualify for one of the three threatened categories. These species face an extremely high risk of extinction in the wild (Critically Endangered; 1.4%), a very high risk of extinction in the wild (Endangered; 1.8%), or a high risk of extinction in the wild (Vulnerable; 10.3%).
    [Show full text]
  • The Sharks of North America
    THE SHARKS OF NORTH AMERICA JOSE I. CASTRO COLOR ILLUSTRATIONS BY DIANE ROME PEEBLES OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS CONTENTS Foreword, by Eugenie Clark v Mosaic gulper shark, Centrophorus tesselatus 79 Preface vii Little gulper shark, Centrophorus uyato 81 Acknowledgments ix Minigulper, Centrophorus sp. A 84 Slender gulper, Centrophorus sp. B 85 Introduction 3 Birdbeak dogfish, Deania calcea 86 How to use this book 3 Arrowhead dogfish, Deaniaprofundorum 89 Description of species accounts 3 Illustrations 6 Family Etmopteridae, The Black Dogfishes Glossary 7 and Lanternsharks 91 Bibliography 7 Black dogfish, Centroscyllium fabricii 93 The knowledge and study of sharks 7 Pacific black dogfish, Centroscyllium nigrum 96 The shark literature 8 Emerald or blurred lanternshark, Etmopterus bigelowi 98 Lined lanternshark, Etmopterus bullisi 101 Broadband lanternshark, Etmopterus gracilispinis 103 A KEY TO THE FAMILIES OF Caribbean lanternshark, Etmopterus hillianus 105 NORTH AMERICAN SHARKS 11 Great lanternshark, Etmopterusprinceps 107 Fringefin lanternshark, Etmopterus schultzi 110 SPECIES ACCOUNTS 19 Green lanternshark, Etmopterus virens 112 Family Chlamydoselachidae, The Frill Shark 21 Family Somniosidae, The Sleeper Sharks 115 Frill shark, Chlamydoselachus anguineus 22 Portuguese shark, Centroscymnus coelolepis 117 Roughskin dogfish, Centroscymnus owstoni 120 Family Hexanchidae, The Cowsharks 26 Velvet dogfish, Zameus squamulosus \T1 Sharpnose sevengill, or perlon shark, Heptranchias Greenland shark, Somniosus microcephalus 124 perlo 28 Pacific sleeper
    [Show full text]
  • 3. List of Species by Major Fishing Areas
    click for previous page 210 FAO Species Catalogue for Fishery Purposes No. 1 3. LIST OF SPECIES BY MAJOR FISHING AREAS p GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION a Major Areas for Statistical Purposes Species g Fresh 18 21 27 31 34 37 41 47 48 51 57 58 61 67 71 77 81 87 88 e water ARC WNA ENA WCA ECA MED WSA ESA ANC WIO EIO ANE WNP ENP WCP ECP WSP ESP ANW Alopias pelagicus 81 · ·· · ···· Alopias superciliosus 83 ······· ·· · · · ·· Alopias vulpinus 86 ·········· ··· · ·· Brachaelurus waddi 145 ··· Carcharias taurus 58 ······· ·· · · · Carcharodon carcharias 100 ········ ·· ··· · ·· Cetorhinus maximus 91 ········ · ··· · ·· Chiloscyllium arabicum 167 · Chiloscyllium burmensis 168 · Chiloscyllium griseum 169 ·· · · Chiloscyllium hasselti 171 ··· Chiloscyllium indicum 172 ·· · · Chiloscyllium plagiosum 173 ·· · · Chiloscyllium punctatum 175 ·· · · Cirrhoscyllium expolitum 133 ·· Cirrhoscyllium formosanum 134 · Cirrhoscyllium japonicum 135 · Eucrossorhinus dasypogon 151 ·· Ginglymostoma cirratum 192 ······ · · Hemiscyllium freycineti 179 · Hemiscyllium hallstromi 180 · Hemiscyllium ocellatum 181 ··· Hemiscyllium strahani 182 · Hemiscyllium trispeculare 183 ·· Heterodontus francisci 36 ·· Heterodontus galeatus 38 ··· Heterodontus japonicus 39 · Heterodontus mexicanus 41 · Heterodontus portusjacksoni 42 ··· Heterodontus quoyi 45 · Heterodontus ramalheira 46 · Heterodontus sp. A 49 · Heterodontus zebra 48 ··· Heteroscyllium colcloughi 147 · Isurus oxyrinchus 109 ······· ·· ··· · ·· Isurus paucus 115 ······· ·· · · · · Lamna ditropis 119 ···· Lamna nasus 121
    [Show full text]
  • Mississippi's Sharks and Rays an Educational Guide for Mississippi
    Mississippi’s Sharks and Rays An educational guide for Mississippi Aquarium Photo provided by Mississippi Aquarium Mississippi’s Sharks and Rays An educational guide for Mississippi Aquarium Edited by Marcus Drymon, PhD1,2 Illustrations by Bryan Huerta-Beltran1 Species data compiled by Matthew Jargowsky1,2 and Emily Seubert1 1Mississippi State University Extension Service 2Mississippi-Alabama Sea Grant Consortium MASGP-21-016 Contents 2 Using This Guide ............................3 Mississippi Hammerheads Bonnethead ............................ 24 Anatomy of a Shark .........................4 Scalloped hammerhead .............. 26 Anatomy of a Ray ...........................5 Great hammerhead ................... 28 Mississippi Aquarium Sharks Mississippi Deepwater Sharks Nurse shark ..............................6 Gulper shark ........................... 30 Sandbar shark ...........................8 Sharpnose sevengill shark ........... 32 Sand tiger shark ....................... 10 Goblin shark ........................... 34 Common Mississippi Sharks Mississippi Aquarium Rays Atlantic sharpnose shark ............. 12 Cownose ray ........................... 36 Blacknose shark ....................... 14 Atlantic stingray ...................... 38 Blacktip shark ......................... 16 Southern stingray ..................... 40 Mississippi Apex Predators Other Mississippi Rays Bull shark .............................. 18 Bluntnose stingray .................... 42 Tiger shark ..................................20 Smooth butterfly ray
    [Show full text]