GeoAtom, OGC, and the Geospatial Enablement of Everything Joshua Lieberman, Traverse Technologies & Open Geospatial Consortium Scope

Georeferencing is not just measurement, but representation (geometry, scale, reference system, attribute, authority)

Features are a discernment and representation of real world / geographic phenomena, but not of all reality or all knowledge.

Multiple, even conflicting features may be asserted to represent a given information artifact depending on circumstances, authority, application, intention.

In whatever form it is encoded, reliable metadata is critical for giving and retaining meaning in any georeferencing process.

GeoRSS / GeoAtom is a Web-compatible form of geospatial “reification” which can support multiple / related feature assertions. GeneralGeneral featurefeature ModelModel

Model presumes all is shared within an What if features are information created and community consumed by different communities?

What if phenomena have already been observed for a different, non- geographic application? (Geo)semantic interoperability stack

Human-centric

Intention description, navigation

Perception visual - aural - tactile

Theory persistence, consequence

Discernment feature, context

Application discovery, analysis

Representation geometry, raster

Ontology upper, domain, foundation

Machine-centric OGC Tools +

GML & Geometry is not the feature itself, but a property of the feature Geometry is meaningful within a defined coordinate reference system Georeferenced information is represented as “other” feature properties Observations and Measurements Separates the O&M “event” artifact from the “Feature of Interest” Links from the existing information to the georeferencing feature. Observation artifact represented as a feature, with or without a geometry property GeoRSS / GeoAtom Provides a lightweight model and encodings (XML, GML, OWL) for adding feature properties to “other” information Links from the new feature assertion to the existing information without necessarily modifying the information itself OGC Service Tools

WFS Gazetteer Profile

Specialized feature type for

Update work: feature type & operations

Not well suited for either relationships or metadata OGC Catalog

“Intended” for metadata records

ebRIM profile provides a rich relationship model and soft typing

Complex filter interface for full search capabilities Trust, Lies, and Metadata

Meta-data is (not necessarily) objective data about data.

Meta-data for a resource is (not necessarily) produced only once

Meta-data must (not necessarily) have a logically defined semantics.

Meta-data can (not always) be described by meta-data documents.

Meta-data is (not necessarily) the digital version of library indexing systems.

Meta-data is (not necessarily) machine-readable data about data.

...Semantic Web Metadata for e-Learning - Some Architectural Guidelines Mikael Nilsson, Matthias Palmér, Ambjörn Naeve GeoRSS / GeoAtom

Day job: news feeds and other Web resources with geographic location, for discovery and visual browsing

Evening gig: “featurize” resources, a new and independent geographic view of existing information

Midnight oil: news about or annotations of existing features, eventful output of Web feature servers, story graphs, links to well-known features GeoRSSGeoRSS 1.11.1 ContentContent ““FeaturizingFeaturizing”” ModelModel xmlns:geo="http://www.w3.org/2005/IncuGeoRSSGeoRSSbator/geo/2007/"> ExamplesExamples XML.com http://xml.com/pub XML.com features a rich mix of information and services for the XML community. xmlns:georss="http://www.georss.org/1.0/"> • GML 45.256• Simple -71.92 http://liftoff.msfc.nasa.gov/ • 45.256 -71.92Liftoff to Space Exploration. en-us45.256 -110.45 46.46 -109.48 43.84 - Tue, 10 Jun 2003 04:00:00 GMT45.256 -71.92 109.86 Tue, 10 Jun 2003 09:41:01 GMT http://blogs.law.harvard.edu/tech/rss• • Weblog Editor 2.0 [email protected]• • 45.256 -110.45 46.46[email protected] -109.48 43.84 -109.86 45.256 Example Feed Star City http://liftoff.msfc.nasa.gov/news/2003/news-starcity.asp42.943 -71.032How 43.039 -69.856 do Americans get ready to• work with Russian2003-12-13T18:30:02s aboard the Z cityInternational Space Station? They take a crash course in culture,language • John Doe is-contained-and protocol at Russia's Star City. Tue, 03 Jun 2003 09:39:21 GMT within urn:uuid:60a76c80-d399-11d9-b93C-0003939e0af6 http://liftoff.msfc.nasa.gov/2003/06/03.html#item573• 45.256 -110.45 46.46 -109.48 43.84 -109.86 45.256 -71.92 45.256 -110.45Atom-Powered Robots Run Amok urn:uuid:1225c695-cfb8-4ebb-aaaa-80da344efa6a 2003-12-13T18:30:02Z (GeoRSS Simple maps directly •

Some text.45.256 -71.92 onto GeoRSS GML) • CGDI “Update” Entry

Update<title>Update toto BrisbaneBrisbane placenameplacename featurefeature JohnJohn DoeDoe http://www.johndohttp://www.johndoe.come.comi> [email protected][email protected]il> update"/> term="Tasmania"/> term="placename"/> term="update"/> term="published"/> .."/> 80da344efa6a"/> "/> urn:uuid:1225c695-cfb8-4ebb-aaaa-80urn:uuid:1225c695-cfb8-4ebb-aaaa-80da344efa6bda344efa6b 2003-12-13T18:30:02Z2003-12-13T18:30:02Z

UpdateUpdate ofof BrisbaneBrisbane placenameplacename featurefeature ExtendedExtended descriptiondescription ofof updateupdate actionaction 143.5165125poslist>143.5165125 -42.13445ml:poslist> Thoughts

Application matters: index, search, visualization, analysis, money

Georeference is assertion: trust, authority, time-space validity, diversity

Sense of place: culturally applicable representation, local usage, general understanding

Multiple service levels: simple authorities vs. rich Web mining