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Potentials and Challenges of Light Fidelity Based Indoor Communication System International Journal of New Computer Architectures and their Applications (IJNCAA) 6(3): 92-102 The Society of Digital Information and Wireless Communications, 2016 ISSN 2220-9085 (Online); ISSN 2412-3587 (Print) Potentials and Challenges of Light Fidelity Based Indoor Communication System Farooq Aftab School of Computer and Communication Engineering University of Science and Technology Beijing china (USTB) [email protected] ABSTRACT emergent field of optical wireless In this era of modern devices and high speed communication (OWC) that provides an communication the issue of spectral overloading opportunity to move forward toward higher is increasing with time and becoming more frequencies in EM spectrum by using a serious. With the advancement in LED industry, visible light spectrum. The rapid increase in light fidelity (Li-Fi) based indoor network is an the usage of LEDs and its ability to perform attractive substitute for the existing radio frequency (RF) based communication networks. dual function of illumination as well as Because of its capability to perform dual communication has provided a unique function of lighting as well as high speed opportunity for indoor lighting and wireless communication, Li-Fi is attracting both communication system to go through a industrial as well as academic researchers. The revolution. LEDs have an ability to switch Li-Fi networking paradigm offers performance from different intensity of light at a rapid enhancements which can make it an attractive rate, this capability can be utilize for sending backup option to be used for networking setup information using visible light spectrum. in Internet of things (IOT) and its indoor capabilities make it an attractive choice for Apart from rapid blinking rate at different large scale indoor communication in next intensity of light LEDs also have high generation wireless networking environment. lifespan. They are energy efficient and a This paper discusses key potentials of Li-Fi good option to be used for indoor because of based indoor communication system and point lower generation of heat. These benefits let out the challenges which indoor based Li-Fi the LEDs to be a perfect choice for a new network is facing under the knowledge of technology called Li-Fi which can be useful existing research work in the field of Li-Fi. for indoor communication and can also KEYWORDS provide a backup for wireless fidelity (Wi- Fi) technology. Li-Fi could be classified as Li-Fi, Optical wireless communication, Indoor nm-wave communication [1] because it uses communications, Hybrid Wi-Fi and Li-Fi higher band of frequencies in the network . electromagnetic spectrum for high speed 1 INTRODUCTION data communication. Li-Fi is a complete multi user wireless network that could Light fidelity (Li-Fi) is one of the new and operate user wireless network that could 92 International Journal of New Computer Architectures and their Applications (IJNCAA) 6(3): 92-102 The Society of Digital Information and Wireless Communications, 2016 ISSN 2220-9085 (Online); ISSN 2412-3587 (Print) operate simultaneously alongside with Wi-Fi research conducted by researchers on indoor and long term evolution (LTE) [2]. It is a based Li-Fi systems. The multiple section of green communication method because it this paper are organized as follows, section II consists of the elements which affect the reuses the existing lightning infrastructure. functionality of Li-Fi based indoor network. Li-Fi can be consider as more advance Section III reviews the key potentials of Li- Fi based network and Section IV emphases networking system as compare to VLC on main challenges, weaknesses and issues because it can provide point to multipoint of Li-Fi network at its current stage. communication. This point to multipoint based communication characteristics of Li- 2 ELEMENTS WHICH AFFECT Fi system make them different from VLC PERFORMANCE OF INDOOR BASED based systems because VLC only supports LI-FI NETWORK point to point communication system [1]. Indoor based Li-Fi network has certain Li-Fi is a continuation of VLC technology elements which plays an important role in using LEDs that can provide a proper the performance and efficiency of this networked based wireless system with high system. In this section we will explain then speed communication. It is a bi-directional one by one multiuser communication system which can enables full user mobility because of its 2.1 Modulation Technique multiple access point formation. The fact that LEDs are natural beam formers, enables In Li-Fi based system, multiple types of local containment of Li-Fi signals and modulation schemes [4] can be useful but because of the blockage of the signals by because of communication channel having frequency response in non-flat nature , most opaque walls, Co-channel interference can of the modulation techniques suffer from an effectively be managed and physical layer undesired channel response called inter security can be enhanced. Li-Fi can decrease symbol interference (ISI). As most of the the traffic bottlenecks caused due to large commonly used modulation methods such as number of users in RF based indoor pulse width modulation [5], pulse position networks. Li-Fi can act as a green wireless modulation, ON-OFF keying, unipolar pulse amplitude modulation suffer from ISI network based technology for 5G networks therefore there is a need of such a scheme [3] because it operates in the unlicensed and for Li-Fi which correlates the energy and safe visible light frequency spectrum which organize itself adaptivity according to the can be helpful for the proper reuse of properties of communication channel. bandwidth and provides an efficient wireless Multicarrier modulation can provide higher solution by minimizing the capacity data rate and it can also be useful to drainage problem of frequency spectrum. decrease the effect of interference and distortion but these modulation techniques This paper will explain in detail about are less energy efficient. OFDM [6] is most Indoor implementation of Li-Fi based commonly used modulation technique. In communication system and emphases on the OFDM signal is bipolar and its value is 93 International Journal of New Computer Architectures and their Applications (IJNCAA) 6(3): 92-102 The Society of Digital Information and Wireless Communications, 2016 ISSN 2220-9085 (Online); ISSN 2412-3587 (Print) complex in nature. Unipolar signal can be of users. The low cost of incoherent solid obtained by applying a positive DC bias state LED lighting make them suitable for voltage which can vary the amplitude of deployment in indoor based Li-Fi network the OFDM signal. This modulation scheme [9]. In Li-Fi data is encoded according to the is given a name DC biased optical intensity of the light emitted from light orthogonal frequency division multiplexing source. The data is transmitted in the (DCO-OFDM) [7]. Such schemes can be sequence of 0’s and 1’s without modulating useful to implement in scenarios when a the amplitude and actual phase of the light system is used to perform dual function of wave. communication as well as illumination. This DC bias method has a drawback that it can LED color can also affect the data rate [10]. considerably compromise efficiency of White color LEDs coated with phosphor can energy in whole modulation scheme. That is provide data rate of 1 Giga bits per second the reason why researchers have dedicated [11], similarly combination of red, green and noteworthy efforts in designing a pure blue color LEDs (RGB) can boost the data unipolar based OFDM modulation schemes. rate up to 3.4 Giga bits per second [12]. Asymmetrically clipped optical orthogonal Incoherent LEDs of single color has frequency division multiplexing (ACO reported a rate of approximately 3.5 Giga OFDM) can provide a solution to decrease bits per second. the effects of this issue [8]. Some of the other solutions are flip OFDM and discrete 2.3 Indoor Environment model multi-tone modulation (PAM-DMT) along with modulation technique based on pulse LED’s based transmitter configuration on amplitude. ceiling is shown in figure 1. In section A of the figure we can see 4 different section of 2.2 LED’s Selection LED’s are deployed with the ceiling of the room while Section B show us Layout Basic aim of indoor based Li-Fi wireless model of uniform configuration. Section A network is to achieve high data rates. In Li- layout is useful when we have small number Fi network, the selection of LEDs can plays of users using Li-Fi facility. Those users will an important role because LEDs blinking accommodate at the place where the Li-Fi rate can affect the overall data rate of entire transmitter are deployed. Section B layout is network. LED’s parameters such as its size, useful if number of user in indoor unit are ON-OFF speed and color rendering ability large and have to move everywhere [13]. are also very valuable attributes. Rate of data transmission is inversely proportional 2.4 LED Source Panel (LSP) to the dimension of LED’s bulb. ON-OFF blinking speed of LED can also control the LSP is a light source which contains LED data rate. Faster the rate of LED blinking bulbs. These LED bulbs can accomplish higher will be the rate of data transmission. both roles of illumination and as well as data Number of LED’s in a system is another communication. LED’s bulb in a LSP can be factor which increases the data rate. The circular or rectangular in shape. Both LED’s speed of data transmission can also be shapes have its own advantages. Circular enhanced with more coverage area and shaped LED’s are used in Li-Fi system better ability to accommodate more number when we have to apply light at a fixed place 94 International Journal of New Computer Architectures and their Applications (IJNCAA) 6(3): 92-102 The Society of Digital Information and Wireless Communications, 2016 ISSN 2220-9085 (Online); ISSN 2412-3587 (Print) while rectangular shaped chip like LED’s intensity need to be managed in such an are used when we have to disperse light at a order that everyone can reach that threshold wider area.
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