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f TRANSACTIONS OF THE HISTORIC SOCIETY OF LANCASHIEE AND CHESHIRE. VOLUME XI. SESSION 1858-59. LIVERPOOL: ADAM HOLDEN, 48, CHURCH STREET. 1859. j UTMIPOOL: T. DRAEILL, PBINTCB, COOK STREET. This Volume has been edited by the Assistant Secretary, under the direction of the Council. The writers of Papers, however, are alone responsible for the facts and opinions contained iu their respective communications. DIRECTIONS TO THE BINDER. SUBJECT OF PAPER. PLATE. TO FACE PAGE No. Warrington Academy. I. Signatures of the Warrington Tutors. 1 ** M II. Warrington Academies, 1757 & 1762. 9 III. 17 Arming of Levies...... I.* Oft II.* ibid III.* ihid IV.* ibid V.* ibid VI.* ibid VII.* ibid VIII.* ibid Runic Inscriptions...... I. Monumental Pillars at Beckermont.&c. 118 II. 191 »» »» ...... III. Runic Scrolls on the Pinean Lion ...... 129 Comet of 1858.......... I. Diagram of Orbit ................ ....... 9,09 II. Various positions of the Comet ...... 212 III. 914 IV. 217 Sea Coast of Cheshire. I. 99,0 II. Cant. Grenville Collins's Man ......... 225 See description, p. viii. EXPLANATORY NOTE. The Plate entitled " Signatures of the Warrington Tutors," was presented complete, by Mr. Bright, in illustration of his own Paper. The eight plates accompanying the Paper " On the Arming of Levies in " Wirral," were presented complete, by the Author, Mr. Mayer. All the remaining plates were produced wholly at the cost of the Society. Subjects of Papers to be read before the Society during the Twelfth Session, will be advertised in the Mercury on the Tuesday, and in the Daily Post on the Wednesday, preceding each Meeting; and in the Northern Times on the day of Meeting. EBBATUM. Page 839, line 4, for Mercuriam read Mercurium. COUNCIL AND OFFICERS FOR 1859 60 Major-General The Hon. Sir EDWARD COST, K.C.U., D.C.L., F.R.S., Leasowe Castle. Ex OFPICIIS. ELECTED. Tho MATOH OF LIVKRPOOL. WM. BROWN, Esq. The HIGH SHERIFF ot LANCASHIIE. The Rev. J. 8. HOWSON, M.A. The HIOH SHERIFF OF CHESHIRE. JOSEPH MATKB, F.S.A., &o. Sectional JUiUmbers of Council. ARCH/tOLOGY. LITERATURE- SCIENCE. T. DiWSON, Esq. F. W. BLOXAM, Esq. O. M. DROWSE, Esq. J. A. FORUFST, E«q. H. A. BUIOHT, B.A. T. DOSCAK, C.E. H. OKKARD, Esq. WILLIAM BCRKE, Esq. J. HARTNUP, F.R.A.8. JOHN O. JACOB, Esq. Rev. T. MOORH, M.A. REV. H. H. HIOOINS, M.A. PBTKU E. McQoiB, £84. Rev. A. RAHSAT, M.A. T. SANSOM, A.L.S., F.B.S.E. JOHN UOD»ON,M.D. JAHBS STEAINS, Esq. J. T. TOWSOH, F.H.0.8. Itbrnn'an. DAVID BrxTOV, F.R.S.L., 52, Oxford Street, Liverpool. Curator. A. Ciuio GIBSON, Esq., Lower Bebington, Birkenhead. tJTrtasnrtr THOMAS Avisos, F.S.A., 18, Cook Street, Liverpool. 1|on. Stcrttatp. Itov. A. HOME, D.C.I.., LL.D., F.S.A.. M, Clarence Street, Everton. Bssist.tnt Sccrclnrj). J. H. OENN, Esq., 9, Sugnall Street, Liverpool. * In accordance with Law XX, the Council added the three elected Vice-Presidents, the Librarian and Curator, to all the Sectional Committees. CONTENTS. [Papers marked thus ire illustrated.] PADS. * A Historical Sketch of Warrington Academy. By Henry A. Bright, B.A. 1 On the Population of Lancashire and Cheshire, and its local distribu tion during the Fifty Years 1801-51. By J. T. Danson and T. A. Welton, Esqrs. (Part III.) ................................................ 31 On the Diatomaceffl of the neighbourhood of Liverpool. By Thomas Comber, Esq...................................................................... 71 * On the Arming of Levies in the Hundred of Wirral, in the County of Chester, and the Introduction of Small Fire Arms as Weapons of War in place of Bows and Arrows. By Joseph Mayor, F.S.A., &o. 83 On the Poems of Oisin. By Professor Connellan, of Queen's College, Cork. .................................................................. ........... 07 * Runic Inscriptions: Anglo-Saxon and Scandinavian. By A. Craig Oibson, Esq...................................................................... HI Geographical Terms, considered as Tending to Enrich the English Language. By the Rev. A. Hume, D.C.L. .............................. 135 On the Popular Customs and Superstitions of Lancashire. By T. T. Wilkinson, F.B.A.S., (Parti.) ............................................. 155 A Sketch of the Origin and Early History of the Liverpool Blue Coat Hospital. By Mr. John B. Hughes ....................................... 103 */ On the Early Charters of St. Werburgh's in Chester. By John Robson. M.D. .................................................................. 187 * On the Great Comet of 1868. By John Hartnup, F.R.A.S., and J. T. To^son, F.R.O.S................................................................ 199 * Outline of the Sea Coast of Cheshire. By the Rev. A. Hume, D.C.L.. 210 On the Uses of Learned Societies: and in particular of the Historic Society. By J. T. Danson, F.S.S........................................... 233 List of Members ........................................................................ ix Proceedings, Eleventh Session ...................................................... 243 Report presented at Annual Meeting................................................ 243 Treasurer's Balance Sheet ............................................................ 244 Appendix: Special General Meeting: Excursion to Bolton and the Rivington Pike Waterworks ......................................................... 269 DESCRIPTION OF THE PLATES ILLUSTRATING MR. MATER'S PAPER.* Plate I. fig. 1, a cross-bow; 2, windlass for stringing the bow; 3, another form of cross-bow; 4, 5, a bow, an arrow, and six arrowheads of different forms, found in a tomb at Thebes in Egypt. Plate II. fig. 2, a musket with match holder; 1, a wheel-lock gun, the first improvement on the match-lock ; 3, a musket (brown Bess) used by the soldiers at the present time. Plate III. fig. 1, a double wheel-lock gun, intended to fire twice out of the same barrel; 2, a musket rest; 3, 4, touch-boxes; 5, a bullet mould; 0, a spanner, usod for winding up wheel-locks; 7, a bandelier, with bullet-bag and match; 8, a dagge or pistol. Plate IV. fig. 1, a double wheel-lock dagge; 2, a wheel-lock gun, used by horse-soldiers and fired from the saddle-bow; 8, a battle-axe, the handle form ing a gun; 4, the first form of the flint lock; 5, a caliver, used by horse- soldiers ; 0, another form of the wheel-lock gun, having a very short stock; 7, a match-lock gun, used by the natives in India at the present time. Plate V. a muskettier with match-lock, rest, bandelier, touch-box and sword, A.D. 1623. Plate VI. figs. 2, 4, bylls; 1, 3, halberds; 5, a demi-lance; 6, the usual weapon of pikemen. Plato VII. fig. 1, a sallot worn by bowmen ; 2, a skull-cap.; 3, a plate-coate; 4, a corselet; 5, a burgonet; 0, a murrion. Plate VIII. Riflemen, with Enfield rifle, cartridge pouche. cap pouche, whistle, bayonet and sword-bayonet; 2, a breech-loading rifle; 3, the breech- loading rifle when open to receive the cartridge, A.D. 1850. Xheae illOBtrations are from specimens in Mr. Mayor's Mnseam. I LIST OF MEMBERS. SESSION XI. 1858-9. The first List was dated 23rd November, 1848; all whose names appeared in it, are therefore Original Members. Those who hare been enrolled as Mayors or Sheriffs hare their year of office attached. The letter P. denotes that the Members in connexion with whose names it occurs, bare read Papers before the Society. Those whose names are printed In SMALL CAPITALS are Members of the Council; and in italics are Life Members. Those marked thus * are Resident. The post town Liverpool is usually omitted. 23rd Nov., 1848. Ainslie, Montague, Grizodale, Hawkshead.Windermere. 6th Dec., 1855. A Heard, William, 43, Upper Brook street, Grosvenor square, London. 17th Dec., 1857. *Anderson, Thomas Darnley, 5, India buildings. Water street, and 37, Northumberland terrace, Evorton. 3rd May, 1849. *Anderson, Thomas Francis, Holly lodge, Fairfleld, and 3, Cable street. 4th Dec,, 1856. Ansdell, John, St. Helen's. 23rd Nov., 1848. Ansdell, Richard, 7, Victoria road, Kensington, London. 16th Sept., 1854. Arrowsmith, P. II., The Ferns, Bolton. 2nd Dec., 1858. Artingstall, George, Warrington. p. llth May, 1854. Aspland, Rev. R. Brook, M.A., Frampton villas, South Hackney, London. 14th Dec., 1848. *Astley, John, Philadelphia chambers, IIackin's hey, and Rock Ferry, Birkenhead. p. 9th Oct., 1854. Atherton, Henry, Sutton, Prescot. H. Sh. Cheshire, 1857. AtJsinton, William, Ashton heyes, Chester. 23rd Nov., 1848. *AvisoN, THOMAS, F.S.A., TREASDIIEK, 18, Cook street, and Fulwood park, Aigburth. B 8th June, 1854. *Banning John Johnson, 20, Castle street. Mayor Man., 1851-53. Barnes Robert, Brookside, Manchester. 7th Jan., 1868. *Batten, Charles, 87, Lord street, and 74, Chatham street. p. 6th Dec., 1849. Beamont, William, Warriugton. 21st May, 1867. *Bean, Edwin, Revenue buildings. MEMBERS. 80th Dec., 1854. *Bean, William, Revenue buildings, and 56, Berkeley street. 15th April, 1858. *BELL, CHRISTOPHER, Back Goree. 23rd Nov., 1848. #Bell, Henry, Orange court, and Grosvenor road, Claughton, Birkeuhead. 6th April, 1854. Bell, John Gray, 11, Oxford street, Manchester. 15th Nov., 1854. #Belshaw, John, Wasou buildings, 4, H arrington street, p. 9th Dec , 1852 Benn, Edward, Ballymeua, Ireland. 23rd Nov., 1848. *Bennett, William, Sir Thomas' buildings, and 109, Shaw street. 3rd Dec., 1857. *Berry, Percival, 7, Union court. 15th April, 1858. *Berry, J. R., James street. 7th March, 1850. Birch, Sir Thomas Bernard, Bart., The Hazles, Prescot. 23rd Nov., 1848. Birchall, Thomas, llibbleton hall, Preston. 23rd Nov., 1848. *Bird, William, 9, South Castle street, and Wood Hey, Spittall. 4th March, 1852. Birley, Rev. John Shepherd, Halliwell hall, Preston, p. 8th Jan., 1852. Birley, T. Langton, Carr ball, Kirkham. Oth Dec., 1855. Black, J., M.D., F.G.S., 2, George's square, Edinburgh. 23rd Nov., 1848. Blackburne, John Ireland, The Hall, Hale. 20th Sept., 1854. *Blaekmore, William, 1, Exchange street West, and Hooton, Cheshire. 20th Sept., 1854. Bloxam, Frederick William, F. 3, Liverpool and Lon don chambers. 2Hrd Nov., 1848. *Blundell, Thomas Weld, Ince Blundcll, Great Crosby. v. 30th Dec., 1854.