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Structural Effects of Point Mutations in Proteins Suvethigaa Shanthirabalan, Jacques Chomilier, Mathilde Carpentier
Structural effects of point mutations in proteins Suvethigaa Shanthirabalan, Jacques Chomilier, Mathilde Carpentier To cite this version: Suvethigaa Shanthirabalan, Jacques Chomilier, Mathilde Carpentier. Structural effects of point muta- tions in proteins. Proteins - Structure, Function and Bioinformatics, Wiley, 2018, 86 (8), pp.853-867. 10.1002/prot.25499. hal-01909365 HAL Id: hal-01909365 https://hal.sorbonne-universite.fr/hal-01909365 Submitted on 31 Oct 2018 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Structural effects of point mutations in proteins Suvethigaa Shanthirabalan1, Jacques Chomilier2, Mathilde Carpentier1,2 1. Institut Systématique Evolution Biodiversité (ISYEB), Sorbonne Université, MNHN, CNRS, EPHE, Paris, France. 2. Sorbonne Université, CNRS, MNHN, IRD, IMPMC, BiBiP, Paris, France Corresponding author: [email protected] Mail: [email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected] Abstract A structural database of eleven families of chains differing by a single amino acid substitution has been built. Another structural dataset of 5 families with identical sequences has been used for comparison. The RMSD computed after a global superimposition of the mutated protein on each native one is smaller than the RMSD calculated among proteins of identical sequences. -
DNA Insertion Mutations Can Be Predicted by a Periodic Probability
Research article DNA insertion mutations can be predicted by a periodic probability function Tatsuaki Tsuruyama1 1Department of Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Yoshida Konoe-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan Running title: Probability prediction of mutation Correspondence to: Tatsuaki Tsuruyama Kyoto University, Yoshida-Konoe-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan Tel.: +81-75-751-3488; Fax: +81-75-761-9591 E-mail: [email protected] 1 Abstract It is generally difficult to predict the positions of mutations in genomic DNA at the nucleotide level. Retroviral DNA insertion is one mode of mutation, resulting in host infections that are difficult to treat. This mutation process involves the integration of retroviral DNA into the host-infected cellular genomic DNA following the interaction between host DNA and a pre-integration complex consisting of retroviral DNA and integrase. Here, we report that retroviral insertion sites around a hotspot within the Zfp521 and N-myc genes can be predicted by a periodic function that is deduced using the diffraction lattice model. In conclusion, the mutagenesis process is described by a biophysical model for DNA–DNA interactions. Keywords: Insertion, mutagenesis, palindromic sequence, retroviral DNA 2 Text Introduction Extensive research has examined retroviral insertions to further our understanding of DNA mutations. Retrovirus-related diseases, including leukemia/lymphoma and AIDS, develop after retroviral genome insertion into the genomic DNA of the infected host cell. Retroviral DNA insertion is one of the modes of insertional mutation. After reverse-transcription of the retroviral genomic RNA into DNA, the retroviral DNA forms a pre-insertion complex (PIC) with the integrase enzyme, which catalyzes the insertion reaction. -
DNA Sequence Insertion and Evolutionary Variation in Gene Regulation (Mobile Elements/Long Terminal Repeats/Alu Sequences/Factor-Binding Sites) Roy J
Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA Vol. 93, pp. 9374-9377, September 1996 Colloquium Paper This paper was presented at a colloquium entitled "Biology of Developmental Transcription Control, " organized by Eric H. Davidson, Roy J. Britten, and Gary Felsenfeld, held October 26-28, 1995, at the National Academy of Sciences in Irvine, CA. DNA sequence insertion and evolutionary variation in gene regulation (mobile elements/long terminal repeats/Alu sequences/factor-binding sites) RoY J. BRITrEN Division of Biology, California Institute of Technology, 101 Dahlia Avenue, Corona del Mar, CA 92625 ABSTRACT Current evidence on the long-term evolution- 3 and 4). Sequence change, obscuring the original structure, ary effect of insertion of sequence elements into gene regions has occurred in the long history, and the underlying rate of is reviewed, restricted to cases where a sequence derived from base substitution that is responsible is known (5). a past insertion participates in the regulation of expression of The requirements for a convincing example are: (i) that a useful gene. Ten such examples in eukaryotes demonstrate there be a trace of a known class of elements present in gene that segments of repetitive DNA or mobile elements have been region; (ii) that there is evidence that it has been there long inserted in the past in gene regions, have been preserved, enough to not just be a transient mutation; (iii) that some sometimes modified by selection, and now affect control of sequence residue of the mobile element or repeat participates transcription ofthe adjacent gene. Included are only examples in regulation of expression of the gene; (iv) that the gene have in which transcription control was modified by the insert. -
Insertion Element (IS1 Insertion Sequence/Chloramphenicol Resistance Transposon Tn9/Integrative Recombination) L
Proc. Nati. Acad. Sci. USA Vol. 75, No. 3, pp. 1490-1494, March 1978 Genetics Chromosomal integration of phage X by means of a DNA insertion element (IS1 insertion sequence/chloramphenicol resistance transposon Tn9/integrative recombination) L. A. MACHATTIE AND J. A. SHAPIRO Department of Microbiology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637 Communicated by Albert Dorfman, January 10, 1978 ABSTRACT Phage Xcamll2, which contains the chlor- carries a deletion of the gal-attB-bio region of the Escherichia amphenicol resistance transposon Tn9 and has a deletion of attP coil chromosome. MGBO is a gal+bio+ transductant of and the int gene, will lysogenize Escherichia coli K-12. Pro- phage integration occurs at different chromosomal sites, in- MADO. MS6 is a galE indicator for detection of XgalE + T- cluding lacYand maiB, but not at attB. All Xcamll2 prophages transducing particles and S1653 is a gal deletion strain for de- are excised from the chromosome after induction but with tection of Xgal + particles (3). Strain 200PS is a thi lacY strain various efficiencies for different locations. Heteroduplex from the Pasteur collection. Strain QL carries a complete lac analysis of XplacZ transducing phages isolated from a lacY:: deletion, strain X9003 carries the nonpolar M15 lacZ deletion, Xcamll2 prophage reveals an insertion sequence 1 (IS1) element and either will serve as indicator for XplacZ phage in a blue at theloint of viral and chromosomal DNA. Two lines of evi- dencekdicate that Xcamll2 encodes an excision activity that plaque assay (8). recognizes the ISI element: (i) prophage derepression increases Media. Our basic minimal medium and complete TYE the frequency of excision from IacYto yield lac+ revertants, and medium have been described (9). -
Gene Therapy Glossary of Terms
GENE THERAPY GLOSSARY OF TERMS A • Phase 3: A phase of research to describe clinical trials • Allele: one of two or more alternative forms of a gene that that gather more information about a drug’s safety and arise by mutation and are found at the same place on a effectiveness by studying different populations and chromosome. different dosages and by using the drug in combination • Adeno-Associated Virus: A single stranded DNA virus that has with other drugs. These studies typically involve more not been found to cause disease in humans. This type of virus participants.7 is the most frequently used in gene therapy.1 • Phase 4: A phase of research to describe clinical trials • Adenovirus: A member of a family of viruses that can cause occurring after FDA has approved a drug for marketing. infections in the respiratory tract, eye, and gastrointestinal They include post market requirement and commitment tract. studies that are required of or agreed to by the study • Adeno-Associated Virus Vector: Adeno viruses used as sponsor. These trials gather additional information about a vehicles for genes, whose core genetic material has been drug’s safety, efficacy, or optimal use.8 removed and replaced by the FVIII- or FIX-gene • Codon: a sequence of three nucleotides in DNA or RNA • Amino Acids: building block of a protein that gives instructions to add a specific amino acid to an • Antibody: a protein produced by immune cells called B-cells elongating protein in response to a foreign molecule; acts by binding to the • CRISPR: a family of DNA sequences that can be cleaved by molecule and often making it inactive or targeting it for specific enzymes, and therefore serve as a guide to cut out destruction and insert genes. -
Bio 102 Practice Problems Genetic Code and Mutation
Bio 102 Practice Problems Genetic Code and Mutation Multiple choice: Unless otherwise directed, circle the one best answer: 1. Choose the one best answer: Beadle and Tatum mutagenized Neurospora to find strains that required arginine to live. Based on the classification of their mutants, they concluded that: A. one gene corresponds to one protein. B. DNA is the genetic material. C. "inborn errors of metabolism" were responsible for many diseases. D. DNA replication is semi-conservative. E. protein cannot be the genetic material. 2. Choose the one best answer. Which one of the following is NOT part of the definition of a gene? A. A physical unit of heredity B. Encodes a protein C. Segement of a chromosome D. Responsible for an inherited characteristic E. May be linked to other genes 3. A mutation converts an AGA codon to a TGA codon (in DNA). This mutation is a: A. Termination mutation B. Missense mutation C. Frameshift mutation D. Nonsense mutation E. Non-coding mutation 4. Beadle and Tatum performed a series of complex experiments that led to the idea that one gene encodes one enzyme. Which one of the following statements does not describe their experiments? A. They deduced the metabolic pathway for the synthesis of an amino acid. B. Many different auxotrophic mutants of Neurospora were isolated. C. Cells unable to make arginine cannot survive on minimal media. D. Some mutant cells could survive on minimal media if they were provided with citrulline or ornithine. E. Homogentisic acid accumulates and is excreted in the urine of diseased individuals. 5. -
Coincident Two Mutations and One Single Nucleotide Polymorphism of the PTCH1 Gene in a Family with Naevoid Basal Cell Carcinoma Syndrome
Letters to the Editor 635 Coincident Two Mutations and One Single Nucleotide Polymorphism of the PTCH1 Gene in a Family with Naevoid Basal Cell Carcinoma Syndrome Shoko Abe1, Kenji Kabashima1*, Jun-ichi Sakabe1, Takatoshi Shimauchi1, Zhang Yan2, Tetsuji Okamoto2 and Yoshiki Tokura1 1Department of Dermatology, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, 1-1 Iseigaoka, Yahatanishi-ku, Kitakyushu 807-8555, and 2Department of Molecular Oral Medicine and Maxillofacial Surgery 1, Division of Frontier Medical Science, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan. E-mail: [email protected] Accepted May 7, 2008. Sir, at nucleotide position 667 within exon 3 and an intervening se- Naevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome (NBCCS, OMIM quence (IVS)16 -3T > C, and a SNP; IVS10 -8T > C, were detected in all three cases. A deletion of AGAC causes a frameshift and a #109400), also called Gorlin’s syndrome, is an autosomal subsequent stop codon in exon 3, which prematurely truncates dominant disease that affects about 1 in 60,000 indivi- the protein (Fig. 1a). In addition, the IVS16 -3T > C could lead duals (1, 2). NBCCS is associated with various skeletal to an aberrant splicing and truncation of PTCH1 (10–12). and neurocutaneous abnormalities. Major manifestations To detect the expression level of PTCH1 protein in the skin, are multiple basal cell carcinomas (BCCs), odontogenic an immunohistochemical study was performed using goat poly- clonal anti-PTCH1 antibody (G-19; Santa Cruz Biotechnology, keratocysts, palmoplantar dyskeratotic pits and intra- Santa Cruz, CA, USA). Enzyme reactions were developed with cranial calcification (3). In addition, rib and vertebral conventional substrates for diamino-benzidine (Sigma, St Louis, malformations, epidermal cysts, macrocephaly, facial MO, USA) (13). -
Antibiotic Resistance by High-Level Intrinsic Suppression of a Frameshift Mutation in an Essential Gene
Antibiotic resistance by high-level intrinsic suppression of a frameshift mutation in an essential gene Douglas L. Husebya, Gerrit Brandisa, Lisa Praski Alzrigata, and Diarmaid Hughesa,1 aDepartment of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Biomedical Center, Uppsala University, Uppsala SE-751 23, Sweden Edited by Sankar Adhya, National Institutes of Health, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, and approved January 4, 2020 (received for review November 5, 2019) A fundamental feature of life is that ribosomes read the genetic (unlikely if the DNA sequence analysis was done properly), that the code in messenger RNA (mRNA) as triplets of nucleotides in a mutants carry frameshift suppressor mutations (15–17), or that the single reading frame. Mutations that shift the reading frame gen- mRNA contains sequence elements that promote a high level of ri- erally cause gene inactivation and in essential genes cause loss of bosomal shifting into the correct reading frame to support cell viability viability. Here we report and characterize a +1-nt frameshift mutation, (10). Interest in understanding these mutations goes beyond Mtb and centrally located in rpoB, an essential gene encoding the beta-subunit concerns more generally the potential for rescue of mutants that ac- of RNA polymerase. Mutant Escherichia coli carrying this mutation are quire a frameshift mutation in any essential gene. We addressed this viable and highly resistant to rifampicin. Genetic and proteomic exper- by isolating a mutant of Escherichia coli carrying a frameshift mutation iments reveal a very high rate (5%) of spontaneous frameshift suppres- in rpoB and experimentally dissecting its genotype and phenotypes. sion occurring on a heptanucleotide sequence downstream of the mutation. -
Why Are Frameshift Homologs Widespread Within and Across Species?
bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/067736; this version posted August 25, 2016. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder. All rights reserved. No reuse allowed without permission. The shiftability of the protein coding genes 1 Why are frameshift homologs widespread within and across species? 2 Xiaolong Wang*1, Quanjiang Dong2, Gang Chen1, Jianye Zhang1, Yongqiang Liu1, Jinqiao 3 Zhao1, Haibo Peng1, Yalei Wang1, Yujia Cai1, Xuxiang Wang1, Chao Yang1 4 1. College of Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, P. R. China 5 2. Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao, Shandong, 266003, P. R. China 6 Abstract 7 Frameshifted coding genes presumably yield truncated and dysfunctional proteins. 8 We report that frameshift homologs, including frameshift orthologs and frameshift 9 paralogs, are actually widespread within and across species. We proposed that protein 10 coding genes have a ca-0.5 quasi-constant shiftability: given any protein coding 11 sequence, at least 50% of the amino acids remain conserved in a frameshifted protein 12 sequence. In the natural genetic code, amino acid pairs assigned to frameshift codon 13 substitutions are more conserved than those to random codon substitutions, and the 14 frameshift tolerating ability of the natural genetic code ranks among the best 6% of all 15 compatible genetic codes. Hence, the shiftability of protein coding genes was mainly 16 predefined by the standard genetic code, while additional sequence-level shiftability 17 was achieved through biased usages of codons and codon pairs. We concluded that 18 during early evolution the genetic code was symmetrically optimized for tolerate 19 frameshifts, so that protein coding genes were endowed an inherent ability to tolerate 20 frameshifting in both forward and backward directions. -
Large Accumulation of Mrna and DNA Point Modi¢Cations in a Plant
FEBS Letters 472 (2000) 14^16 FEBS 23560 View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE Large accumulation of mRNA and DNA point modi¢cationsprovided in by a Elsevier plant - Publisher Connector senescent tissue Maria Plaa;*, Anna Jofre¨a, Maria Martellb, Marisa Molinasa, Jordi Go¨mezb aLaboratori del Suro, Universitat de Girona, Campus Montilivi sn, E-17071 Girona, Spain bLiver Unit, Department of Medicine, Universitat Auto©noma de Barcelona, Hospital General Universitari Vall d'Hebron, E-08035 Barcelona, Spain Received 26 January 2000 Edited by Takashi Gojobori We investigated the frequency of cDNA modi¢cation in Abstract Although nucleic acids are the paradigm of genetic information conservation, they are inherently unstable molecules cork (phellem) compared to a normally growing young tissue that suffer intrinsic and environmental damage. Oxidative stress (root tip) using cork-oak (Quercus suber) as a model system. has been related to senescence and aging and, recently, it has For this purpose, we analyzed a population of Qs_hsp17 been shown that mutations accumulate at high frequency in mRNA sequences (reverse transcription PCR products form mitochondrial DNA with age. We investigated RNA and DNA position 32^401, AC AJ000691) in cork and in root tip tissue modifications in cork, a senescent plant tissue under high [6]. Cork (phellem) is an external layer of protective tissue, endogenous oxidative stress conditions. When compared to consisting of several layers of cells that deposit large amounts normally growing young tissue, cork revealed an unexpected of suberin and undergo programmed cell death. Due to phen- high frequency of point modifications in both cDNA (Pn = oxy radicals generated during suberin synthesis [7,8], cork 1/1784) and nuclear DNA (Pn = 1/1520). -
Point Mutations Underlying NF1 and NF2 and Increased Risk of Malignancy
Central Annals of Otolaryngology and Rhinology Mini Review *Corresponding author Andrea L.O. Hebb, MSc, PhD, RN, Maritime Lateral Skull Base Clinic, Otolaryngology, Neurosurgery and the Point Mutations Underlying NF1 Stereotactic Radiotherapy Group QEII Health Science Centre, Halifax, Canada; Email: [email protected] and NF2 and Increased Risk of Submitted: 12 February 2020 Accepted: 25 February 2020 Published: 27 February 2020 Malignancy ISSN: 2379-948X Copyright 1 2 3,4 3,4 Myles Davidson , Haupt TS , Morris DP , Shoman NM , © 2020 Davidson M, et al. 2,4 1,2,4 Walling SA , and Hebb ALO * OPEN ACCESS 1Department of Psychology, Saint Mary’s University, Canada 2Division of Neurosurgery, Dalhousie University, Canada Keywords 3 Division of Otolaryngology, Dalhousie University, Canada • Neurofibromatosis 4 Maritime Lateral Skull Base Clinic, Otolaryngology, Neurosurgery and the Stereotactic • Missense mutation Radiotherapy Group QEII Health Science Centre, Canada • Frameshift mutation • Nonsense mutation Abstract • KRAS gene • Colorectal cancer Neurofibromatosis Type-1 and Neurofibromatosis Type-2 are autosomal dominant • Acoustic neuroma tumor suppressor disorders that result from inherited or spontaneous mutations in • Vestibular schwannoma their respective genes. Neurofibromatosis Type-1 has been attributed to a non-sense • Meningioma mutation in chromosome 17 and Neurofibromatosis Type-2 a point mutation in its gene on chromosome 22. The following discussion briefly reviews point and frameshift mutations and explores the relationship between point mutations and development of malignancies in patients with Neurofibromatosis Type-1 and Neurofibromatosis Type-2. INTRODUCTION producing phenylalanine hydroxylase, the majority of which are missense mutations [4]. A point mutation is the change of one base for another in the DNA sequence. -
Methods for Detection of Point Mutations: Performance and Quality
Clinical Chemistry 43:7 1114–1128 (1997) Review Methods for detection of point mutations: performance and quality assessment Downloaded from https://academic.oup.com/clinchem/article/43/7/1114/5640834 by guest on 29 September 2021 Peter Nollau and Christoph Wagener*, on behalf of the IFCC Scientific Division, Committee on Molecular Biology Techniques We give an overview of current methods for the detec- 10) What kind of quality assessment can be achieved? tion of point mutations as well as small insertions and Here, different methods for the detection of point muta- deletions in clinical diagnostics. For each method, the tions and small deletions or insertions will be discussed following characteristics are specified: (a) principle, (b) on the basis of the above criteria (for simplification, we major modifications, (c) maximum fragment size that shall refer to point mutations only in the text, though in can be analyzed, (d) ratio and type of mutations that can general, small deletions or insertions are detected equally be detected, (e) minimum ratio of mutant to wild-type well by the methods described). In general, PCR is either alleles at which mutations can be detected, and (f) used for the generation of DNA fragments, or is part of detection methods. Special attention is paid to the the detection method. Screening methods for unknown possibilities of quality assessment and the potential for mutations as well as methods for the detection of known standardization and automation. mutations are included. Though DNA sequencing tech- niques will not be covered, we stress that DNA sequenc- INDEXING TERMS: alleles • electrophoresis • gene insertions ing is considered the gold standard and remains the • gene deletions • polymerase chain reaction definitive procedure for the detection of mutations so far.