M-476, Chapter 4, Who Is Eligible for Naturalization? (PDF, 403.2
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Globalization, Immigration, and Education: Recent Us Trends
MASTER GABRIELLA.qxd:09_Suarez-Orozco(OK+Ale).qxd 12-12-2006 16:55 Pagina 93 Globalization and Education Pontifical Academy of Social Sciences, Extra Series 7, Vatican City 2006 www.pass.va/content/dam/scienzesociali/pdf/es7/es7-suarezorozco.pdf GLOBALIZATION, IMMIGRATION, AND EDUCATION: RECENT US TRENDS MARCELO SUÁREZ-OROZCO, CAROLA SUÁREZ-OROZCO Over the last decade globalization has intensified worldwide economic, social, and cultural transformations. Globalization is structured by three powerful, interrelated formations: 1) the post-nationalization of produc- tion, distribution, and consumption of goods and services – fueled by grow- ing levels of international trade, foreign direct investment, and capital mar- ket flows; 2) the emergence of new information, communication, and media technologies that place a premium on knowledge intensive work, and 3) unprecedented levels of world-wide migration generating significant demographic and cultural changes in most regions of the world. Globalization’s puzzle is that while many applaud it as the royal road for development (see, for example, Micklethwait & Wooldrige, 2000; Friedman, 2000, Rubin 2002) it is nevertheless generating strong currents of discon- tent. It is now obvious that in large regions of the world, globalization has been a deeply disorienting and threatening process of change (Stiglitz, 2002; Soros, 2002; Bauman, 1998). Globalization has generated the most hostili- ties where it has placed local cultural identities, including local meaning sys- tems, local religious identities, and local systems of livelihood, under siege. Argentina is a case in point. After a decade of cutting-edge free market poli- cies, the economy of the country that once was the darling of such embodi- ments of globalization as the International Monetary Fund and World Bank, imploded. -
1 A) Login to the System B) Use the Appropriate Command to Determine Your Login Shell C) Use the /Etc/Passwd File to Verify the Result of Step B
CSE ([email protected] II-Sem) EXP-3 1 a) Login to the system b) Use the appropriate command to determine your login shell c) Use the /etc/passwd file to verify the result of step b. d) Use the ‘who’ command and redirect the result to a file called myfile1. Use the more command to see the contents of myfile1. e) Use the date and who commands in sequence (in one line) such that the output of date will display on the screen and the output of who will be redirected to a file called myfile2. Use the more command to check the contents of myfile2. 2 a) Write a “sed” command that deletes the first character in each line in a file. b) Write a “sed” command that deletes the character before the last character in each line in a file. c) Write a “sed” command that swaps the first and second words in each line in a file. a. Log into the system When we return on the system one screen will appear. In this we have to type 100.0.0.9 then we enter into editor. It asks our details such as Login : krishnasai password: Then we get log into the commands. bphanikrishna.wordpress.com FOSS-LAB Page 1 of 10 CSE ([email protected] II-Sem) EXP-3 b. use the appropriate command to determine your login shell Syntax: $ echo $SHELL Output: $ echo $SHELL /bin/bash Description:- What is "the shell"? Shell is a program that takes your commands from the keyboard and gives them to the operating system to perform. -
From Immigrant to Citizen in a Multicultural Country
Social Inclusion (ISSN: 2183–2803) 2018, Volume 6, Issue 3, Pages 229–236 DOI: 10.17645/si.v6i3.1523 Article Passing the Test? From Immigrant to Citizen in a Multicultural Country Elke Winter Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada; E-Mail: [email protected] Submitted: 3 April 2018 | Accepted: 15 May 2018 | Published: 30 August 2018 Abstract Almost all Western countries have recently implemented restrictive changes to their citizenship law and engaged in heated debates about what it takes to become “one of us”. This article examines the naturalization process in Canada, a country that derives almost two thirds of its population growth from immigration, and where citizenship uptake is currently in decline. Drawing on interviews with recently naturalized Canadians, I argue that the current naturalization regime fails to deliver on the promise to put “Canadians by choice” at par with “Canadians by birth”. Specifically, the naturalization process constructs social and cultural boundaries at two levels: the new citizens interviewed for this study felt that the nat- uralization process differentiated them along the lines of class and education more than it discriminated on ethnocultural or racial grounds. A first boundary is thus created between those who have the skills to easily “pass the test” and those who do not. This finding speaks to the strength and appeal of Canada’s multicultural middle-class nation-building project. Nevertheless, the interviewees also highlighted that the naturalization process artificially constructed (some) immigrants as culturally different and inferior. A second boundary is thus constructed to differentiate between “real Canadians” and others. -
Taking Foreign Country's Citizenship No Longer Represents Automatic Basis
TAKING FOREIGN COUNTRY’S CITIZENSHIP NO LONGER REPRESENTS AUTOMATIC BASIS FOR LOSING GEORGIAN CITIZENSHIP In July 2018, Parliament of Georgia passed amendments to the Law on Georgian Citizenship, which changed the rules and conditions of granting citizenship, mostly in a positive way. LAW, INITIATOR Law: On Amendments to the Organic Law of Georgia on Georgian Citizenship Initiator:Legal Issues Committee Author: Working Group on Harmonization of the Legislation with the Constitution operating under the Legal Issues Committee ESSENCE OF THE LAW In October 2017, in accordance with the amendments made to the Constitution, important issues related to citizenship fell under the new regulation: • Taking a foreign country’s citizenship no longer represents an automatic basis for losing Georgian citizenship; • The conditions for retaining Georgian citizenship in the event of taking another country’s citizenship have been defined; • Eligibility criteria for granting citizenship have been changed; • The conditions have been defined for granting citizenship by rule of exception; • The rules of applying for citizenship, application review process and appealing against the decision made have been changed. At the same time, the Georgian citizens who were granted another country’s citizenship but no decision was made on stripping them of their Georgian citizenship prior to 15 August 2018, have the right to apply, in the course of one year starting from 15 August 2015, to the [Public Service Development] Agency with the request to retain their Georgian citizenship. 1. ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA FOR GRANTING CITIZENSHIP VERSION BEFORE AMENDMENTS NEW REGULATION In the event of granting citizenship according to ordinary h 10 years rule, a person must live in Georgia continuously for the past 5 years. -
IMMIGRATION LAW BASICS How Does the United States Immigration System Work?
IMMIGRATION LAW BASICS How does the United States immigration system work? Multiple agencies are responsible for the execution of immigration laws. o The Immigration and Naturalization Service (“INS”) was abolished in 2003. o Department of Homeland Security . USCIS . CBP . ICE . Attorney General’s role o Department of Justice . EOIR . Attorney General’s role o Department of State . Consulates . Secretary of State’s role o Department of Labor . Employment‐related immigration Our laws, while historically pro‐immigration, have become increasingly restrictive and punitive with respect to noncitizens – even those with lawful status. ‐ Pro‐immigration history of our country o First 100 Years: 1776‐1875 ‐ Open door policy. o Act to Encourage Immigration of 1864 ‐ Made employment contracts binding in an effort to recruit foreign labor to work in factories during the Civil War. As some states sought to restrict immigration, the Supreme Court declared state laws regulating immigration unconstitutional. ‐ Some early immigration restrictions included: o Act of March 3, 1875: excluded convicts and prostitutes o Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882: excluded persons from China (repealed in 1943) o Immigration Act of 1891: Established the Bureau of Immigration. Provided for medical and general inspection, and excluded people based on contagious diseases, crimes involving moral turpitude and status as a pauper or polygamist ‐ More big changes to the laws in the early to mid 20th century: o 1903 Amendments: excluded epileptics, insane persons, professional beggars, and anarchists. o Immigration Act of 1907: excluded feeble minded persons, unaccompanied children, people with TB, mental or physical defect that might affect their ability to earn a living. -
Primer on Criminal-Immigration and Enforcement Provisions of USCA
U.S. Citizenship Act of 2021: A Brief Primer on the Criminal-Immigration and Enforcement Provisions1 I. Introduction This primer covers the key criminal-immigration and enforcement provisions of the USCA. The US Citizenship Act of 2021 (USCA, also referred to as the “Biden bill”) is an immigration bill introduced in the House on February 18, 20212 that would create a pathway to citizenship for undocumented people living in the United States who entered on or before January 1, 2021. TPS holders, farmworkers, and people who have DACA or who were eligible for status under the Dream Act would be eligible to become lawful permanent residents immediately. Other undocumented people could apply for a new form of lawful status called “Lawful Provisional Immigrant” (LPI) status. After five years as LPIs, they could then apply to become lawful permanent residents. The bill would also recapture unused visas dating from 1992; make spouses, children, and parents of lawful permanent residents “immediate relatives” (who are immediately eligible for visas and who do not count toward the cap); make anyone waiting more than 10 years immediately eligible for a visa; and increase the per-country limit from 7% to 20% to decrease backlogs. The USCA imposes new criminal bars to eligibility for the legalization program, on top of the already existing inadmissibility bars in current immigration law. It also encourages the construction of a “smart wall” and adds an additional ground for prosecution and penalties under 8 U.S.C. § 1324. The USCA also includes some positive criminal-immigration reforms, including redefining the term “conviction” for immigration purposes, increasing the number of petty offense exceptions 1 Publication of the National Immigration Project of the National Lawyers Guild (NIPNLG), 2020. -
A World Beyond the Nation-State Luca Deangelis SIT Study Abroad
SIT Graduate Institute/SIT Study Abroad SIT Digital Collections Independent Study Project (ISP) Collection SIT Study Abroad Fall 2018 A World Beyond the Nation-State Luca DeAngelis SIT Study Abroad Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcollections.sit.edu/isp_collection Part of the Other Political Science Commons, and the Political Theory Commons Recommended Citation DeAngelis, Luca, "A World Beyond the Nation-State" (2018). Independent Study Project (ISP) Collection. 2965. https://digitalcollections.sit.edu/isp_collection/2965 This Unpublished Paper is brought to you for free and open access by the SIT Study Abroad at SIT Digital Collections. It has been accepted for inclusion in Independent Study Project (ISP) Collection by an authorized administrator of SIT Digital Collections. For more information, please contact [email protected]. 1 A World Beyond the Nation-State By Luca DeAngelis Fall 2018 SIT Geneva: International Studies & Multilateral Diplomacy Dr. Gyula Csurgai Bowdoin College Philosophy, Government & Legal Studies 2 Abstract The once monolithic nation-state is in danger. Forces of modernity like globalization are causing the nation-state to recede. While the nation-state is not likely to vanish, a decline in the nation-states power is mightily consequential to the world order that is built around this central political unit. A decline in the nation-state will lead to chaos and uncertainty in the near future. In theory, this decline could be good because the nation-state is a flawed political unit. Thorough research on a world beyond the nation-state is necessary in order to adequately prepare and sculpt our future world. Ultimately, an analysis of possible futures where the nation-state is less prominent reveals that the most likely future consists of the mass privatization and the rise of corporate governance that could be worse for freedom and democracy. -
Naturalized U.S. Citizens: Proving Your Child's Citizenship
Fact Sheet Naturalized U.S. Citizens: Proving Your Child’s Citizenship If you got your U.S. citizenship and you are a parent, your non-citizen children also become citizens in some cases. This is called “derived” citizenship. BUT you still need to get documents like a certificate of citizenship or a passport, to PROVE that your child is a citizen. This fact sheet will tell you the ways to get these documents. This fact sheet does not give information about the process of getting documents to prove citizenship for children born in the U.S., children born outside the U.S. to U.S. citizen parents, or children adopted by U.S. citizens. This fact sheet talks about forms found on the internet. If you don’t have a computer, you can use one at any public library. You can also call the agency mentioned and ask them to send you the form. When a parent becomes a citizen, are the children automatically citizens? The child may be a U.S. citizen if ALL these things are, or were, true at the same time: 1. The child is under 18 years old. 2. The child is a legal permanent resident of the U.S. (has a green card) 3. At least one of the parents is a U.S. citizen by birth or naturalization. If that parent is the father but not married to the other parent, talk to an immigration lawyer. 4. The citizen parent is the biological parent of the child or has legally adopted the child. -
CRIME and CRIMINAL JUSTICE in NEW YORK STATE: a Survey of Public Opinion
OFFICE OF JUSTICE SYSTEMS ANALYSIS CRIME AND CRIMINAL JUSTICE IN NEW YORK STATE: A Survey of Public Opinion Volume I: Crime, Neighborhood Safety and Responses to Crime DIVISION OF CRIMINAL JUSTICE SERVICES ••••••••r ....... ., . •••••••IP ..........--- .. ' ~~ NEWYORK STATE --c-~~~~-----..---.~- l;1g50S NEW YORK STAlE MARIO M. CUOMO, GOVERNOR CRIME AND CRIMINAL JUSTICE IN NEW YORK STATE: A Survey of Public Opinion Volume I: Crime, Neighborhood Safety and Responses to Crime DIVISION OF CRIMINAL JUSTICE SERVICES John J. Poklemba Director of Criminal Justice and Commissoner OFFICE OF JUSTICE SYSTEMS ANALYSIS Barry C. Sample, Executive Deputy Commissioner BUREAU OF STATISTICAL SERVICES Richard A. Rosen, Chief 128505 U.S. Department of Justice National Institute of Justice by: Prepared This document has been reproduced exactly .as recei~e? from the Sharon E. Lansing person or organization originating it. Points of view or OPIniOnS stat7d in this document are those of the authors and do. not nec~ssafilY represent the official position or policies of the National Institute of Justice. Permission to reproduce this copyrighted material in mi crofiche only has been granted by December 1988 New York State/Division of Criminal Justice Services to the National Criminal Justice Reference Service (NCJRS). Further reproduction outside of the NCJRS system requires permis· sion of the copyright owner. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS This is the first time a public opinion survey has been undertaken by a State criminal justice agency. While the Division of Criminal Justice Services was responsible for the preparation of the survey instrument and the data analysis, Fact Finders, Inc. adapted the instrument for use in a telephone survey and conducted the actual survey. -
The Immigration Paradox: Poverty, Distributive Justice, and Liberal Egalitarianism
DePaul Law Review Volume 52 Issue 3 Spring 2003: Symposium - Beyond Belonging: Challenging the Boundaries of Article 2 Nationality The Immigration Paradox: Poverty, Distributive Justice, and Liberal Egalitarianism Howard F. Chang Follow this and additional works at: https://via.library.depaul.edu/law-review Recommended Citation Howard F. Chang, The Immigration Paradox: Poverty, Distributive Justice, and Liberal Egalitarianism, 52 DePaul L. Rev. 759 (2003) Available at: https://via.library.depaul.edu/law-review/vol52/iss3/2 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the College of Law at Via Sapientiae. It has been accepted for inclusion in DePaul Law Review by an authorized editor of Via Sapientiae. For more information, please contact [email protected]. THE IMMIGRATION PARADOX: POVERTY, DISTRIBUTIVE JUSTICE, AND LIBERAL EGALITARIANISM Howard F. Chang* INTRODUCTION According to the 2000 Census, the foreign-born population in the United States reached 31.1 million, representing 11.1% of the total U.S. population.' This percentage is the highest that the United States has experienced since 1930, when 11.6% of the total U.S. popu- lation was foreign born.2 In 1970, the foreign-born population was only 9.6 million, or only 4.7% of the total population.3 The rapid ex- pansion of the foreign-born population in the intervening three de- 4 cades reflects high levels of immigration into the United States, which in turn reflects the liberalization of U.S. immigration laws since 1965. 5 Some observers have reacted to these data with alarm, noting that the sheer number of immigrants now residing in the United States is "by far the most ever recorded.' ' 6 The restrictionist Center for Im- migration Studies (CIS), for example, notes that the foreign-born pop- ulation grew by 11.3 million between 1990 and 2000, and that "[t]he foreign-born population's growth rate in every decade since 1970 has 7 been higher than at any other time in history." The absolute number of immigrants, however, is far less important than their share of the total U.S. -
FBI Independence As a Threat to Civil Liberties: an Analogy to Civilian Control of the Military
\\jciprod01\productn\G\GWN\86-4\GWN403.txt unknown Seq: 1 30-AUG-18 9:12 FBI Independence as a Threat to Civil Liberties: An Analogy to Civilian Control of the Military Justin Walker* ABSTRACT At a time when the President is under investigation, and in the wake of a controversial dismissal of the FBI Director, the need for an “independent” FBI has appeared to many to be more important than ever. Indeed, the Senate would not have confirmed the new FBI Director, Christopher Wray, if he had not promised to be independent of the President and the Attorney General. This Article argues that calls for an independent FBI are misguided and dan- gerous. The Article analogizes presidential control of the FBI to civilian con- trol of the military by demonstrating that, contrary to conventional wisdom, the FBI and the military share the same purpose. It then explores in depth how the FBI has often infringed on civil liberties in the same way that the framers worried an out-of-control military might do so, and it explains why the inde- pendence that the FBI has often enjoyed was a cause of those violations. Fi- nally, it concludes that if it is necessary to preserve the FBI’s investigative independence, the solution is to split the FBI to reflect the model of many western democracies—creating an independent agency to investigate crime (like Britain’s New Scotland Yard) and a separate agency to continue the FBI’s national security functions (like Britain’s MI5). TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION ................................................. 1012 R I. -
Unix/Linux Command Reference
Unix/Linux Command Reference .com File Commands System Info ls – directory listing date – show the current date and time ls -al – formatted listing with hidden files cal – show this month's calendar cd dir - change directory to dir uptime – show current uptime cd – change to home w – display who is online pwd – show current directory whoami – who you are logged in as mkdir dir – create a directory dir finger user – display information about user rm file – delete file uname -a – show kernel information rm -r dir – delete directory dir cat /proc/cpuinfo – cpu information rm -f file – force remove file cat /proc/meminfo – memory information rm -rf dir – force remove directory dir * man command – show the manual for command cp file1 file2 – copy file1 to file2 df – show disk usage cp -r dir1 dir2 – copy dir1 to dir2; create dir2 if it du – show directory space usage doesn't exist free – show memory and swap usage mv file1 file2 – rename or move file1 to file2 whereis app – show possible locations of app if file2 is an existing directory, moves file1 into which app – show which app will be run by default directory file2 ln -s file link – create symbolic link link to file Compression touch file – create or update file tar cf file.tar files – create a tar named cat > file – places standard input into file file.tar containing files more file – output the contents of file tar xf file.tar – extract the files from file.tar head file – output the first 10 lines of file tar czf file.tar.gz files – create a tar with tail file – output the last 10 lines