DOCSLIB.ORG

Soil-Cement Guide for Water Resources Applications

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Soil-Cement Guide for Water Resources Applications Soil-Cement Guide for Water Resources Applications Dennis L. Richards and Hans R. Hadley, WEST Consultants, Inc. WHITE BELOW Soil-Cement Guide for Water Resources Applications By Dennis L. Richards and Hans R. Hadley, WEST Consultants, Inc. Portland Cement Association 5420 Old Orchard Road Skokie, Illinois 60077-1083 847.966.6200 Fax 847.966.9781 www.cement.org An organization of cement companies to improve and extend the uses of portland cement and concrete through market development, engineering, research, education, and public affairs work. Abstract: For more than 50 years, soil-cement has proven to be effective and economical construction material for use in water resources applications including streambank protection, slope protection, channel and pond linings, and grade control structures. Materials for soil-cement, mix proportioning, design, construction, and quality control topics are discussed. Keywords: Soil-cement, streambank protection, erosion control, grade control structures, levee protection, slope protection, channel lining, upstream slope protection. Reference: Richards, Dennis L., Hadley, Hans R., Soil-Cement Guide for Water Resources Applications, EB203.01, Portland Cement Association, Skokie, Illinois, 84 pages. About the Authors: Dennis L. Richards, Senior Project Manager, WEST Consultants, Inc., 960 West Elliot Road, Suite 201, Tempe, Arizona 85284-1137. Hans R. Hadley, Hydraulic Engineer, WEST Consultants, Inc., 2601 25th Street Southeast, Suite 450, Salem, Oregon 97302. Cover photo credits: Portland Cement Association (“PCA”) is a not-for-profit Top: Soil-cement upstream slope organization and provides this publication solely for the protection at Jackson Lake, Colorado. continuing education of qualified professionals. THIS Middle: Soil-cement bank protection PUBLICATION SHOULD ONLY BE USED BY QUALIFIED at Rillito River, Tucson, Arizona. PROFESSIONALS who possess all required license(s), who are competent to evaluate the significance and limita- Bottom: Soil-cement upstream slope tions of the information provided herein, and who accept protection at Tampa Bay Regional total responsibility for the application of this information. Water Reservoir. OTHER READERS SHOULD OBTAIN ASSISTANCE FROM A QUALIFIED PROFESSIONAL BEFORE PROCEEDING. PCA AND ITS MEMBERS MAKE NO EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTY WITH RESPECT TO THIS PUBLICATION OR ANY INFORMATION CONTAINED HEREIN. IN PARTICULAR, NO WARRANTY IS MADE OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. PCA AND ITS MEMBERS DISCLAIM ANY PRODUCT LIABILITY (INCLUD- ING WITHOUT LIMITATION ANY STRICT LIABILITY IN TORT) IN CONNECTION WITH THIS PUBLICATION OR ©2006 Portland Cement Association ANY INFORMATION CONTAINED HEREIN. ISBN 0-89312-249-1 WARNING: Contact with wet (unhardened) concrete, mortar, cement, or cement mixtures can cause SKIN IRRITA- TION, SEVERE CHEMICAL BURNS (THIRD DEGREE), or SERI- OUS EYE DAMAGE. Frequent exposure may be associated All rights reserved. No part of this with irritant and/or allergic contact dermatitis. Wear water- book may be reproduced in any form proof gloves, a long-sleeved shirt, full-length trousers, and without permission in writing from proper eye protection when working with these materials. the publisher, except by a reviewer If you have to stand in wet concrete, use waterproof boots that are high enough to keep concrete from flowing into who wishes to quote brief passages them. Wash wet concrete, mortar, cement, or cement mix- in a review written for inclusion in a tures from your skin immediately. Flush eyes with clean magazine or newspaper. water immediately after contact. Indirect contact through clothing can be as serious as direct contact, so promptly rinse out wet concrete, mortar, cement, or cement mixtures from clothing. Seek immediate medical attention if you have persistent or severe discomfort. EB203.01 ii TABLE OF CONTENTS ABSTRACT . ii KEYWORDS . ii REFERENCE . ii ABOUT THE AUTHORS . ii 1 INTRODUCTION . 1 1.1. Background . 1 1.2. Applications . 2 1.2.1. Slope Protection. 2 1.2.2. Streambank Protection. 3 1.2.3. Channels . 5 1.2.4. Linings . 5 1.2.5. Grade Control Structures . 6 1.3. Erosion and Abrasion Resistance Research. 6 1.4. Completed Projects (1997 – 2003) . 8 2 MATERIALS . 13 2.1. Soil Aggregates. 13 2.1.1. Source . 13 2.1.2. Stockpiling . 13 2.1.3. Gradation . 13 2.1.4. Water (Moisture) Content . 14 2.2. Portland Cement. 14 2.3. Water . 14 2.4. Admixtures . 14 3 SOIL-CEMENT TESTING . 15 3.1. Sampling . 15 3.2. Aggregate Gradation . 15 3.3. Plasticity Index . 16 3.4. Moisture-Density Test . 16 3.5. Cement Content . 17 3.5.1. Freeze-Thaw and Wet-Dry Tests . 17 3.5.2. PCA Shortcut Method . 18 3.6. Pozzolan Content . 18 3.7. Compressive Strength . 18 3.8. Shear Strength . 18 3.9. Poorly Reacting Sandy Soils. 19 4 MIX PROPORTIONS . 21 4.1. Mixture Design Criteria . 21 4.1.1. Portland Cement Association . 21 4.1.2. U.S. Army Corps of Engineers . 22 iii 4.1.3. U.S. Bureau of Reclamation . 22 4.1.4. Maricopa County, Arizona . 23 4.1.5. Pima County, Arizona . 23 4.1.6. Orange County, California.. 24 4.2. Laboratory Tests . 24 4.3. Physical Properties. 25 4.3.1. Strength. 25 4.3.2. Erosion and Abrasion Resistance . 25 4.3.3. Shrinkage. 25 4.3.4. Permeability . 25 5 DESIGN ISSUES . 27 5.1. General. 27 5.2. Bank and Levee Protection . 27 5.2.1. Location/Alignment . 27 5.2.2. Hydraulic Conditions . 27 5.2.2.1. Water Elevation . 27 5.2.2.2. Water Velocity . ..
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Seismicity, Seismotectonics and Preliminary Earthquake Hazard Analysis of the Teton Region, WY
    FINAL TECHNICAL REPORT DEVELOPMENT OF EARTHQUAKE GROUND SHAKING HAZARD MAPS FOR THE YELLOWSTONE- JACKSON HOLE-STAR VALLEY, WYOMING Submitted to the U.S. Geological Survey Under the National Earthquake Hazards Reduction Program Program Element II Evaluate Urban Hazard and Risk USGS Award 05HQGR0026 Prepared by Bonnie Jean Pickering White Department of Geology and Geophysics The University of Utah Salt Lake City, UT 94112 and Robert B. Smith Department of Geology and Geophysics The University of Utah Salt Lake City, UT 94112 Principal Investigator Ivan Wong Seismic Hazards Group URS Corporation 1333 Broadway, Suite 800, Oakland, CA 94612 Phone: (510) 874-3014, Fax: (510) 874-3268 E-mail: [email protected] 26 September 2006 __________________________ This research was supported by the U. S. Geological Survey (USGS), Department of the Interior, under USGS Award Number 05HQGR0026. The views and conclusions contained in this document are those of the authors and should not be interpreted as necessarily representing the official policies, either expressed or implied of the U.S. Government. PREFACE The Yellowstone-Jackson Hole-Star Valley corridor is located within the seismically and tectonically active Intermountain Seismic Belt in westernmost Wyoming and eastern Idaho. The corridor has the highest seismic hazard in the Intermountain U.S. based on the U.S. Geological Survey’s National Hazard Maps. The region contains the heavily visited Yellowstone and Teton National Parks and the rapidly growing areas of Jackson Hole and Star Valley. Although there has only been one large earthquake in this region in historical times (1959 moment magnitude [M] 7.5 Hebgen Lake), abundant geologic evidence exists for the past occurrence of surface-faulting earthquakes of M 7 or greater.
    [Show full text]
  • U.S. G Eolo:.:Jical. Survey
    Pierce and Colman: Submerged Shorelines of Jackson Lake, Wyoming: Do They Exist and SUBMERGED SHORELINES OF JACKSON LAKE, WYOMING: DO THEY EXIST AND DEFINE POSTGLACIAL DEFORMATION ON THE TETON FAULT Kenneth L. Pierce u.s. Geolo:.:Jical. Survey Denver, co Steven M. Colman u.s. Geological Survey Woods Hole, M A Obj::ctives The Teton fault is one of the moot active normal faults in the world, as attested by the precipitous high front of the Teton Range. After deglaciation of northern Jackson Hole arout 15,000 years ago (Parter and others, 1983), offset on the Teton fault eouthwest of Jackoon Lake has tntaled 19-24 m (60-80 feet) (Gilbert and others, 1983). In less than the last 9 million years, offset on the Teton fault has tntaled from 7,500 to 9,000 meters (Love and Reed, 1971). Figure 1 shows how downdropping on the Teton fault results in tilting of Jacks::>n HoJe towards the fault. Submerged paJ.eoohorel:ines of Jackoon Lake may record this downdropping and tilt because the level of Jackoon Lake is controlled by both the furtui.tous ,{X)Sition of the Jake ootlet and the immediate downstream course of the Snake River (Figure 1). The ootlet of Jackson Lake is 12 km east of the fault and from there the Snake River has a very low gradient to a bedrock threshold 6 km further east. Thus the level of Jackson Lake is controlled by the bed of the river east of the hinge line of tiJ.ting (Figure 1). The postglacial history of movement on the Teton fault may thus be recorded by paJ.eoohorelines submerged OOJ.ow the level of the pre-dam Jake.
    [Show full text]
  • Exhibit a Scope of Work Addendum 1 1
    IFB# 10144736 Page 36 of 55 EXHIBIT A SCOPE OF WORK ADDENDUM 1 1. Contractor agrees to provide the Department of Water Resources (DWR) Southern Field Division (SFD), Maintenance and Repair of Card Readers and Gates as described herein. Department has the authority to add and remove equipment, and locations as deemed necessary. Any additional requested work will be serviced at the unit’s rates herein. 2. The services shall be performed at: Various Locations within Southern Field Division: a. William E. Warne Power Plant- North end of Pyramid Lake via Smokey Bear Road off Interstate 5, Gorman, California 93243 b. Oso Pumping Plant and Sub-Center - 300th Street West off Hwy 138 Gorman, California 93536 c. Alamo Power Plant -300th Street West off Hwy 138, Gorman, California 93536 d. Vista Del Lago Visitor Center - 35800 Vista Del Lago Road, Gorman, California 92343 e. Castaic- 31849 North Lake Hughes Road, Castaic, California 91384 f. Pearblossom O&M - 34534 116th Street East, Pearblossom, California 93553 g. Devil Canyon Power Plant - 6900 Devil Canyon Road, San Bernardino, California 92407 h. Mojave Siphon Power Plant -16001 Highway 173, Hesperia, California 92345 i. Cedar Springs Sub Center – 16051 State Highway 173, Hesperia, California 92345 j. Greenspot Pumping Station - Greenspot Road, Highland, California 92346 k. Crafton Hills Pump Station - Mill Creek Road, Mentone, California 92359 l. Cherry Valley Pumping Plant - Mill Creek Road, Mentone, California 92359 m. Citrus Pumping Station - 9401 Opal Avenue, Mentone, California 92359 3. Location: Electric Gates and Type a. Castaic Sub Center: arm gate b. Castaic Lagoon seepage pit: slide gate c.
    [Show full text]
  • 16. Watershed Assets Assessment Report
    16. Watershed Assets Assessment Report Jingfen Sheng John P. Wilson Acknowledgements: Financial support for this work was provided by the San Gabriel and Lower Los Angeles Rivers and Mountains Conservancy and the County of Los Angeles, as part of the “Green Visions Plan for 21st Century Southern California” Project. The authors thank Jennifer Wolch for her comments and edits on this report. The authors would also like to thank Frank Simpson for his input on this report. Prepared for: San Gabriel and Lower Los Angeles Rivers and Mountains Conservancy 900 South Fremont Avenue, Alhambra, California 91802-1460 Photography: Cover, left to right: Arroyo Simi within the city of Moorpark (Jaime Sayre/Jingfen Sheng); eastern Calleguas Creek Watershed tributaries, classifi ed by Strahler stream order (Jingfen Sheng); Morris Dam (Jaime Sayre/Jingfen Sheng). All in-text photos are credited to Jaime Sayre/ Jingfen Sheng, with the exceptions of Photo 4.6 (http://www.you-are- here.com/location/la_river.html) and Photo 4.7 (digital-library.csun.edu/ cdm4/browse.php?...). Preferred Citation: Sheng, J. and Wilson, J.P. 2008. The Green Visions Plan for 21st Century Southern California. 16. Watershed Assets Assessment Report. University of Southern California GIS Research Laboratory and Center for Sustainable Cities, Los Angeles, California. This report was printed on recycled paper. The mission of the Green Visions Plan for 21st Century Southern California is to offer a guide to habitat conservation, watershed health and recreational open space for the Los Angeles metropolitan region. The Plan will also provide decision support tools to nurture a living green matrix for southern California.
    [Show full text]
  • 3.12 Hydrology and Water Quality
    3.12 HYDROLOGY AND WATER QUALITY EXECUTIVE SUMMARY This section describes the drainage features, stormwater quality, flooding hazards, and flood-protection improvements within the City’s Planning Area. Regulatory agencies governing stormwater quality and flooding hazards are also discussed. The City’s Planning Area is comprised of the City’s boundaries and adopted Sphere of Influence (SOI). The County’s Planning Area consists of unincorporated land within the One Valley One Vision (OVOV) Planning Area boundaries that is outside the City’s boundaries and adopted SOI. Together the City and County Planning Areas comprise the OVOV Planning Area. With implementation of the proposed General Plan goals, objectives, and policies potential impacts on hydrology and water quality would be less than significant. EXISTING CONDITIONS Surface Water Drainage Patterns within City’s Planning Area Surface water drainage patterns are dependent on topography, the amount and location of impervious surfaces, and the type of flood control that is located in an area. The size, or magnitude, of a flood is described by a term called a “recurrence interval.” By studying a long period of flow record for a stream, hydrologists estimate the size of a flood that would have a likelihood of occurring during various intervals. For example, a five-year flood event would occur, on the average, once every five years (and would have a 20 percent chance of occurring in any one year). Although a 100-year flood event is expected to happen only once in a century, there is a 1 percent chance that a flood of that size could happen during any year.
    [Show full text]
  • Snake River Flow Augmentation Impact Analysis Appendix
    SNAKE RIVER FLOW AUGMENTATION IMPACT ANALYSIS APPENDIX Prepared for the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Walla Walla District’s Lower Snake River Juvenile Salmon Migration Feasibility Study and Environmental Impact Statement United States Department of the Interior Bureau of Reclamation Pacific Northwest Region Boise, Idaho February 1999 Acronyms and Abbreviations (Includes some common acronyms and abbreviations that may not appear in this document) 1427i A scenario in this analysis that provides up to 1,427,000 acre-feet of flow augmentation with large drawdown of Reclamation reservoirs. 1427r A scenario in this analysis that provides up to 1,427,000 acre-feet of flow augmentation with reservoir elevations maintained near current levels. BA Biological assessment BEA Bureau of Economic Analysis (U.S. Department of Commerce) BETTER Box Exchange Transport Temperature Ecology Reservoir (a water quality model) BIA Bureau of Indian Affairs BID Burley Irrigation District BIOP Biological opinion BLM Bureau of Land Management B.P. Before present BPA Bonneville Power Administration CES Conservation Extension Service cfs Cubic feet per second Corps U.S. Army Corps of Engineers CRFMP Columbia River Fish Mitigation Program CRP Conservation Reserve Program CVPIA Central Valley Project Improvement Act CWA Clean Water Act DO Dissolved Oxygen Acronyms and Abbreviations (Includes some common acronyms and abbreviations that may not appear in this document) DREW Drawdown Regional Economic Workgroup DDT Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane EIS Environmental Impact Statement EP Effective Precipitation EPA Environmental Protection Agency ESA Endangered Species Act ETAW Evapotranspiration of Applied Water FCRPS Federal Columbia River Power System FERC Federal Energy Regulatory Commission FIRE Finance, investment, and real estate HCNRA Hells Canyon National Recreation Area HUC Hydrologic unit code I.C.
    [Show full text]
  • Lake Drawdown Workshop, June 2004, AMK Ranch, Grand Teton NP
    Lake Drawdown Workshop, June 2004, AMK Ranch, Grand Teton NP Attendees: Susan O’Ney Hank Harlow Sue Consolo-Murphy Melissa Tramwell John Boutwell Darren Rhea Ralph Hudelson Steve Cain Kathy Gasaway Jim Bellamy Bill Gribb Nick Nelson Bruce Pugesek Dick Bauman Mike Beus Aida Farag Objectives • Research priorities for Jackson Lake • BOR will aid in funding top priority project(s) • List of those best qualified to help accomplish tasks. Mike Beus - The History, Water Rights and Reclamation Authorities of Jackson LakeDam. • 10 million acre feet to irrigation, 5 million crosses Wyoming border • Input to Jackson Lake just shy of 1 million acre feet • Majority of water from natural river flow • How does BOR operate Jackson Lake? o History of western water rights o History of Reclamation o Specific project authorizations o Spaceholder repayment contracts o Flood Control Acts • Nine reservoirs: Henry’s Lake, Island Park, Grassy Lake, Jackson Lake, Ririe, Palisades, American Falls, Lake Wolcott, Milner • Corps of Engineers are responsible for flood control under Section 7. • Reclamation law recognizes State as regulator of water • How can irrigators take water from National Parks? o Reclamation’s right to fill Jackson Lake is based on irrigators beneficial use. o Irrigators paid for construction of Jackson Lake Dam. o Congress protected Jackson Lake for reclamation purposes • Is agency looking for any ecological or biological information to document water flows? o Augmentation or lease may affect Jackson Lake at some point in time. o Endangered Species Act has “trumped out” biological and ecological issues (with respect to Missouri River) Hank Harlow - a short overview of different projects, to include work on lake drawdown by Carol Brewer and otter activity by Joe Hall.
    [Show full text]
  • January 2019 Water Supply Briefing 2018 Regional Summary and 2019 ESP Forecast
    January 2019 Water Supply Briefing 2018 Regional Summary and 2019 ESP Forecast Telephone Conference : 1-415-655-0060 Pass Code : 217-076-304 2019 Briefing Dates: Jan 3 – 10am Pacific Time Federal Government Shutdown Feb 7 - 10am Pacific Time March 7 - 10am Pacific Time NWRFC services are necessary to protect April 4 - 10am Daylight Savings Time lives and property and will continue May 2 - 10am Daylight Savings Time uninterrupted throughout the current June 6 - 10am Daylight Savings Time partial federal government shutdown. Kevin Berghoff, NWRFC National Weather Service/Northwest River Forecast Center [email protected] (503)326-7291 Water Supply Forecast Briefing Outline . Review of WY2018 Water Supply Season . Observed Conditions WY2019: . Precipitation . Temperature Hydrologic model . Snowpack states . Runoff . Future Conditions for WY2019: . 10 days of quantitative forecast precipitation (QPF) . 10 days of quantitative forecast temperature (QTF) Climate . Historical climate forcings appended thereafter Forcings . Climate Outlook . Summary Observed Seasonal Precipitation Water Year 2017/2018 Comparison 2017wy 2018wy DIVISION NAME % Norm % Norm Columbia R abv 103 94 Grand Coulee Snake R abv 124 81 Hells Canyon Columbia R abv 108 89 The Dalles Observed %Normal Monthly Precipitation Water Year 2018 Upr Columbia Precip %Normal – WY2018 Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep WY2018 Clark Fork River Basin 81 121 133 82 175 79 127 102 139 4 49 25 100 Flathead River Basin 115 123 99 110 207 76 135 74 77 16 37 20 96 Kootenai River
    [Show full text]
  • Minidoka Project Reservoirs Store Flow of the Snake Snake the of Flow Store Reservoirs Project Minidoka Many Benefits Benefits Many
    September 2010 2010 September 0461 0461 - 678 (208) Office Field Snake Upper www.usbr.gov/pn the American public. public. American the economically sound manner in the interest of of interest the in manner sound economically related resources in an environmentally and and environmentally an in resources related develop, and protect water and and water protect and develop, clamation is to manage, manage, to is clamation Re of The mission of the Bureau Bureau the of mission The Recreation: over 674,000 visits - $25 million million $25 - visits 674,000 over Recreation: Flood damage prevented: $8.8 million million $8.8 prevented: damage Flood Power generated: $5.6 million million $5.6 generated: Power Livestock industry: $342 million million $342 industry: Livestock IDAHO–WYOMING IDAHO–WYOMING Irrigated crops: $622 million million $622 crops: Irrigated What’s the Yearly Value? Value? Yearly the What’s Project Project the West. West. the Minidoka Minidoka some of the best outdoor recreation opportunities in in opportunities recreation outdoor best the of some also provides fish and wildlife enhancement and and enhancement wildlife and fish provides also The Story of the the of Story The production, and to reduce flood damage. The project project The damage. flood reduce to and production, River system for later irrigation use, electricity electricity use, irrigation later for system River Minidoka Project reservoirs store flow of the Snake Snake the of flow store reservoirs Project Minidoka Many Benefits Benefits Many Congress passed the Reclamation Act in 1902 to storing project water. The 1911 permanent dam was Railroad Draws Settlers bring water to the arid West.
    [Show full text]
  • The Story Behind Your Drinking Water Quality
    German Spanish Korean Chinese Annual Water Quality Report ~ Published June 2009 June Published ~ Report Quality Water Annual In fact, our water was far better than required for most standards most for required than better far was water our fact, In met all drinking water standards for health and safety again this year. year. this again safety and health for standards water drinking all met Aqueduct Las Virgenes Municipal Water District District Water Municipal Virgenes Las California Water Quality Report for 2008 for Report Quality Water Sierra Mtn Snow Mtn Sierra Lake Oroville in northern California northern in Oroville Lake Drinking Water Quality Water Drinking The Story Behind Your Your Behind Story The LVMWD For More Information PRSRT STD Board of Directors US POSTAGE Division 1 LVMWD PAID NO HOLLYWOOD CA Customer Service Charles Caspary PERMIT #8 Phone: (818) 251-2200 President Fax: (818) 251-2109 Division 2 E-mail: [email protected] Glen Peterson Additional information about drinking water safety and Secretary standards can be found at: MWD Representative Division 3 California Department of Public Health EPA Safe Drinking Water Hotline Lee Renger Office of Drinking Water (800) 426-4791 Vice President 601 N. 7th St. www.epa.gov/safewater/standards.html Division 4 Sacramento, CA 94234-7320 (Information on how drinking water laws are www.cdph.ca.gov/certlic/drinkingwater/Pages/ established) Joseph M. Bowman default.aspx Board Member U.S. Environmental Protection Agency U.S. Centers for Disease Control Division 5 (EPA) and Prevention Jeff Smith Office of Ground Water and Drinking Water 1600 Clifton Road Treasurer 401 M Street, SW Atlanta, GA 30333 Washington, DC 20460 www.cdc.gov General Manager www.epa.gov/safewater/ (800) 311-3435 John R.
    [Show full text]
  • Water Utilizatjq^ in the Snake Rivm Basin
    UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR Harold L. Ickes, Secretary GEOLOGICAL SURVEY W. C. Mendenhall, Director Water-Supply Paper 657 WATER UTILIZATJQ^ IN THE SNAKE RIVM BASIN ""-^r B<5 °o ^ «-? %*-« ^t«4 ____ ^n -" wC> v r v*> ^ /-^ T"i --O ^ o f^* t TA ^-- ± BY ^^^ W. G. HOYT \, ^ r-^ Co WITH A PREFACE ^ -^ "^ o o. ^ HERMAN STABLER ' ^ ^ e 'r1 t<A to ^ ^ >Jt C---\ V*-O r&1 """^*_> ® p <,A -o xi CP ^3 P* O ^ y» * "^ 0V - f\ *"^ . , UNITED STATKS GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE WASHINGTON: 1935 For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, Washington, D.C. - - - Price $1.00 (Paper cover) CONTENTS Page Preface, by Herman Stabler._______________________________________ ix Abstract _________________________________________________________ 1 Introduction__ _ _________________________________________________ 2 Purpose and scope of report.___________________________________ 2 Cooperation and base data.____________________________________ 3 Index system.._______________________________________________ 6 General features of Snake River Basin.______________________________ 6 Location and extent.__________________________________________ 6 Geographic and topographic features.___________________________ 7 Snake River system._____-_-----_____-_________-_____-_-__-_.._ 7 Tributaries to Snake River.____________________________________ 9 Historical review-__________________________________________________ 20 Scenic and recreational features.-...________________________________ 21 Climate____________________________A____ ___________________ 23 Natural vegetation_________________-_____-____________----__-_---._
    [Show full text]
  • (E.1-2) Geomorphology of the Hells Canyon Reach of the Snake River
    Geomorphology of the Hells Canyon Reach of the Snake River Steve Miller, CH2M HILL Dick Glanzman, CH2M HILL Sherrill Doran, CH2M HILL Shaun Parkinson, Idaho Power Company John Buffington, University of Idaho and Jim Milligan, University of Idaho (Ret.) Technical Report Appendix E.1-2 May 2002 Revised July 2003 Hells Canyon Complex FERC No. 1971 Copyright © 2003 by Idaho Power Company Idaho Power Company Geomorphology of the Snake River Basin and Hells Canyon CONTENTS Chapter Page Definitions...................................................................................................................................... xi Acronyms.................................................................................................................................... xvii Executive Summary.....................................................................................................................C-1 Preface..........................................................................................................................................C-5 1. Introduction and Geologic and Geomorphic History............................................................... 1-1 1.1. Introduction ...................................................................................................................... 1-2 1.2. Current Physiographic Description .................................................................................. 1-3 1.3. Pre-Quaternary Geologic History....................................................................................
    [Show full text]