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South West Scotland v ~ Soil Survey of Scotland SOUTH WEST SCOTLAND 1:250 000 SHEET 6 The Macaulay Institute for Soil Research Aberdeen 1982 SOIL SURVEY OF SCOTLAND Soil and Land Capability for Agriculture SOUTH-WEST SCOTLAND By C. J. Bow, BSc, B. M. Shipley, BSc and J. S. Bibby, BSc with contributions by G. Hudson, BSc, D. J. Henderson BSc and J. S. Robertson, BSc The Macaday Institute for Soil Research Aberdeen 1982 0 The Macaulay Institute for Soil Research, Aberdeen, 1982 Front cover: Nether Ban Farm, Newton Stewart. Theforeground is occupied by noncalcareousgleys of the Stirling Association (map unit 488) developed on stone freesilty clay of the Post Glachl raised-beach. The Lamachan Hills in the background carry soils of the Ettnck Association. ISBN 0 7084 0224 0 PRINTED IN GREAT BRITAIN AT THE UNIVERSITY PRESS ABERDEEN Con tents Chapter Page PREFACE vii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ix 1 DFSCRIPTION OF'THE AREA 1 Location and extent 1 Geology, physical features, landforms and parent materials 1 The Highlands and Islands 4 The Midland Valley 5 The Southern Uplands 6 Climate 7 Soils 10 The Highlands and Islands 11 The Midland Valley 15 The Southern Uplands 16 Vegetation 18 Grassland 19 Moorland 20 Oroarctic communities 21 Woodland 21 Foreshore and dunes 22 Saltings and splash zone 22 Land use 22 2 THE SOIL MAP UNITS 24 The Alluvial Soils 24 The Organic Soils 25 The Arran Association 31 The Ashgrove Association 32 The Balrownie Association 33 The Bargour Association 35 The Barncorkrie Association 36 The Benan Association 36 The Blair Association 38 The Carpow/Panbnde Associations... 39 111 COhTWTs Page The Carter Association 39 The Corby/Boyndie/Dinnet Associations 40 The Countesswells/Dalbeattie/Pnestlaw Associations 42 The Craigdale Association 41 The Creetown Association 41 The Darleith/Kirktonmoor Associations 48 The Darvel Association 52 The Deecastle Association 53 The Doune Association 54 The Dreghorn Association 54 The Drongan Association 55 The Durisdeer Association 56 The Durnhill Association 57 The Eckford/Innerwick Associations 59 The Ettrick Association 59 The Foudland Association 6.9 The Fraserburgh Association 73 The Glenalmond/Maybole Associations 74 The Gleneagles/Auchenblae/Collieston/Darnaway Associations 76 The Gourdie/Callander/Strathfinella Associations 88 The Hayfield Association 89 The Hindsward Association 90 The Holywood Association 91 The Inchkenneth Association 91 The Kilmarnock Association 93 The Kintyre Association 93 The Kippen/Largs Associations 95 The Kirkcolm Association 98 The Knockskae Association 98 The Lanfine Association 100 The Laurencekirk Association 101 The Lethans Association 102 The Linfern Association 103 The Links Association 103 The Lochinver Association 104 The Mauchline/Auchinleck Associations 105 The Reppoch Association 106 The Rhins Association 108 The Rowanhill/Giffnock/Winton Associations 110 The Shawhill Association 112 The Sorn/Humbie/Biel Associations 113 The Sourhope Association 115 The Stirling/Duffus/Pow/Carbrook Associations 116 The Stonehaven Association 117 The Strichen Association 118 The Tarves Association 123 The Torosay Association 125 The Tomdon Association 126 The Yarrow/Fleet Associations 128 Miscellaneous land units 129 Bare rock, scree and cliffs 129 iv CONTENTS Page Built-up areas 129 Fresh water lochs 129 3 LAND EVALUATION 130 Land capability classification for agriculture 130. Physical factors and their effect upon agriculture in South-West Scotland 131 The classification 133- The classes and divisions in South-West Scotland 135 Class 1 135 Class 2 135 Class 3 13q Class 4 139 Class 5 142' Class 6 145, Class 7 147. Land capability for non-agricultural uses 147. Forestry 148< Recreation 149, RE3FERENCF.S 151 LIST OF PLATES Front cover Nether Barr Farm and the Cree Valley 1 Eastern Islay 77 2 Near Bridgend, Islay 78 3 Knapdale, Argyll 79 4 Kintyre Peninsula 79 5 Glendaruel, Argyll 80 6 Island of Bute 80 7 The Campsie Fells 81 8 The Carse of Stirling 8.1 9 The Clyde Valley, Lanarkshire 82 10 The Darvel Valley, Ayrshire 83 11 The Nith Valley at Kirkconnel 84 12 The Mennock Valley and the Lowther Hills 84 13 The Ken Valley, Kirkcudbrightshire 85 14 The Knock of Luce and the Moors of Wigtownshire 86 15 Haugh of Urr, Kirkcudbrightshire 87 16 Landscape near Borgue, Kirkcudbrightshire 87 LIST OF FIGURES ... 1 Survey teams' map areas v111 2 Geology 2-3 3 Climate 8-9 4 Rainfall 10 5 Landforms on the Machars and Rhins of Wigtownshire 12 6 Landforms of the Galloway Hills 12 7 Landforms in the Highlands and Islands subregion 13 8 Landforms in the Midland Valley 13 LIST OF TABLES A Areas of soil map units 26 B Areas of land capability for agriculture map units 136 V Preface Prior to 1978 soil maps within the South-West Scotland region had been published for the following areas: Kilmamock, Ayr, Girvan and Camck, Stranraer and Wigtown, Stirling, and Airdrie. Upon approval of the proposal for the soil survey of the upland areas of Scotland at a scale of 1:250,000,mapping was commenced in 1978 and continued in 1979 and 1980. The Hebridean Islands, Arran and the Highland area west of Loch Lomond were surveyed by J. S. Bibby, G. Hudson, D. J. Henderson and J. A. Hipkin from the Soil Survey Regional Office in Oban. Mapping in the Midland Valley and the Highland area east of Loch Lomond was carried out by B. M. Shipley, J. S. Bell and T. W. M. Brown who were assisted during part of 1980 by F. T. Dry and A. J. Nolan. The Southern Uplands were surveyed by C. J. Bown, assisted in 1979 by J. Corbett, from the Soil Survey Regional Office in Dumfries. The responsibility for mapping is shown in Fig. 1. Field survey of all areas was completed by the end of 1980. Compilation of the maps and handbooks was carried out during 1981, based on a National Soil Map Legend compiled by B. M. Shipley. The senior authors of the South-West Scotland Handbook were C. J. Bown, B. M. Shipley and J. S. Bibby with major contributions from D. J. Henderson and G. Hudson. Analytical results quoted in the text were produced at the Macaulay Institute for Soil Research, Aberdeen, mostly in the Department of Mineral Soils. The vegetation assessments were camed out by field staff according to a system designed by E. L. Birse and J. S. Robertson; correlation was the responsibility of the latter who also wrote the account of the plant communities. The handbook has been edited by R. E. F. Heslop and D. W. Futty. Concurrently with the soil mapping the staff of the Survey Department carried out assessments of land capability for agriculture, using guidelines devised by J. S. Bibby, H. A. Douglas, A. J. Thomasson and J. S. Robertson (Bibby et al., 1982). Advisory groups were established to assist the surveyors in this task. They consisted of representatives of the Department of Agriculture and Fisheries for Scotland, the Scottish Agricultural Colleges and the National Farmers’ Union of Scotland. In addition, consultation with the local offices of the various organiza- tions was maintained. The committees proved lively forums for discussion and made valuable contributions to the interpretative maps. The responsibility for the maps, however, remains entirely with the Soil Survey of Scotland. The base map was compiled and drawn by the Soil Survey cartographic section using modified components from Ordnance Survey 1 :250,000 scale topographic vii PREFACE I Team 3: C. J. Bown (J. Corbett, 1979) 10 20 30km Figure 1. Survq, team’ map areu and administrative maps. The soil map was drawn at Ordnance Survey and the Land Capability for Agriculture map was drawn by W. S. Shirreffs and Miss P. R. Carnegie. The diagrams in this book were drawn by A. D. Moir and Mrs. R. M. J. Fulton. The aerial photographs (scale ca 1:25,000) and copies of the field maps (scale 1:50,000) used in the project may be inspected by prior arrangement with the Department of Soil Survey, Macaulay Institute for Soil Research, Craigiebuckler, Aberdeen AB9 2QJ. ROBERT GRANT Head of the Soil Survey of Scotland ... vlll Acknowledgements The Soil Survey Department wish to thank the many landowners and farmers who willingly co-operated in the survey by allowing access to their land. The assistance of various other agricultural organizations in the land capability assess- ments has already been acknowledged, but valuable contributions to the two committees who advised on the northern and southern areas of the sheet were made by H. H. Donald, F. M. B. Houston, A. T. Glegg, D. G. MacLachlan and J. Valentine (DAFS), A. Campbell, A. MacLeod and G. E. D. Tiley (WOSAC) and G. Brechin, C. W. Campbell, the late J. Leitch, J. Johnstone, A. MacIntyre and I. D. Wilson (NFU (Scot.)). Photographs in the text are by members of the Soil Survey Department, Aerofilms Ltd, the Institute of Geological Sciences, the Scottish Development Department and A. D. S. Macpherson. ix 1 Description of the Area LOCATION AND EXTENT The area described in this handbook lies in south-westem Scotland and encom- passes such a rich and varied tapestry of landscape that it may well be regarded as Scotland in microcosm. In the north and west the Inner Hebridean islands of Islay, Jura and Colonsay flank the mountains of the southern Grampians. Tradi- tional industries of fishing, sheep farming and whisky production have been supplemented in the past half century by increasing tourism and forestry and, latterly, by fish farming in lochs and rivers. In the north-east the farming lands of the Carse of Stirling contrast sharply with the heavy industrial belt around Glasgow and the lower Clyde valley where the availability of coal encouraged the development of steel, shipbuilding and engineering industries.
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