Health Impact Analysis, Shortlisted Schemes
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HEALTH IMPACT ANALYSIS SHORTLISTED SCHEMES FOR DRAFT AIRPORTS NATIONAL POLICY STATEMENT FEBRUARY 2017 HEALTH IMPACT ANALYSIS SHORTLISTED SCHEMES FOR DRAFT AIRPORTS NATIONAL POLICY STATEMENT Consultation Draft Click here to enter text. Project no: 62103867 Date: February 2017 – WSP | Parsons Brinckerhoff The Forum Barnfield Road Exeter EX1 1QR Tel: (01392) 229 700 www.wsp-pb.com iii TABLE OF CONTENTS 1 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ................................................................ 1 2 PROJECT BACKGROUND ............................................................ 5 3 SCOPE AND METHODOLOGY ..................................................... 9 4 COMMUNITY PROFILE ............................................................... 21 5 ASSESSMENT OF EFFECTS ...................................................... 28 6 CONCLUSIONS ........................................................................ 1799 TABLES TABLE 3-1 PRIORITY GROUPS IDENTIFIED WITHIN THE EQIA .................13 TABLE 3-2 HEALTH DETERMINANTS ..........................................................14 TABLE 3-3 ASSESSMENT SCALE AND DEFINITION OF SIGNIFICANCE ....15 TABLE 3-4 POTENTIAL HEALTH EFFECTS ARISING FROM THE SHORTLISTED SCHEMES ..........................................................18 TABLE 4-1. CHILD HEALTH INDICATORS DISTRICTS CLOSE TO HEATHROW, DISTRICTS CLOSE TO GATWICK & ENGLAND ...22 TABLE 4-2 DEPRIVATION INDICATORS FOR DISTRICTS CLOSE TO HEATHROW AND GATWICK, AND FOR ENGLAND ...................23 TABLE 4-3 MORTALITY AND PREMATURE MORTALITY RATES FOR DISTRICTS CLOSE TO HEATHROW, DISTRICTS CLOSE TO GATWICK & ENGLAND (STANDARDISED MORTALITY RATES)25 TABLE 5-1 CHILDHOOD DEVELOPMENT BASELINE INDICATORS FOR THE GATWICK STUDY AREA (ENGLAND AVERAGE IN BRACKETS)35 TABLE 5-2 CHILDHOOD DEVELOPMENT BASELINE INDICATORS FOR THE HEATHROW STUDY AREA (ENGLAND AVERAGE IN BRACKETS) ...............................................................................36 TABLE 5-3 HOUSING TENURE IN GATWICK STUDY AREA ........................48 TABLE 5-4 HOUSING TENURE IN HEATHROW STUDY AREA ....................48 TABLE 5-5 UNDERLYING HEALTH AND HOUSING CONDITIONS IN DISTRICTS SURROUNDING GATW ICK ......................................52 WSP | Parsons Brinckerhoff Project No iv TABLE 5-6 UNDERLYING HEALTH AND HOUSING CONDITIONS IN DISTRICTS SURROUNDING HEATHROW129 ..............................52 TABLE 5-7 PROPORTION OF CLAIMANTS AND LEVEL OF WEEKLY PAY IN THE GATWICK STUDY AREA .....................................................72 TABLE 5-8 PROPORTION OF CLAIMANTS AND LEVEL OF WEEKLY PAY IN THE HEATHROW STUDY AREA .................................................73 TABLE 5-9 LGW-2R RELATED SURFACE ACCESS ENHANCEMENTS .......80 TABLE 5-10 LHR-ENR RELATED SURFACE ACCESS ENHANCEMENTS .....81 TABLE 5-11 LHR–NWR RELATED SURFACE ACCESS ENHANCEMENTS ...82 TABLE 5-12 BASELINE LOCAL POPULATION EXPOSURE FOR 2013 AND 2030 WITHIN >57 DB LAEQ 0700-2300HRS (LEVEL OF A-WEIGHTED NOISE DETECTED BETWEEN 0700HR TO 2300HRS) FROM AIRSPACE NOISE AND GROUND NOISE ................................................... 101 TABLE 5-13 ESTIMATED CHANGES AS A CONSEQUENCE OF LGW-2R IN DISABILITY ADJUSTED LIFE YEARS LOST (DALYS) COMPARED WITH DO MINIMUM, BY HEALTH EFFECT (ASSESSMENT OF NEED CARBON TRADED) ......................... 103 TABLE 5-14 ESTIMATED CHANGES AS A CONSEQUENCE OF LHR-ENR IN DALYS LOST COMPARED WITH DO MINIMUM, BY HEALTH EFFECT (ASSESSMENT OF NEED CARBON TRADED) ......................... 105 TABLE 5-15 ESTIMATED CHANGES AS A CONSEQUENCE OF LHR-ENR IN DALYS LOST COMPARED WITH DO MINIMUM, BY HEALTH EFFECT (ASSESSMENT OF NEED CARBON TRADED) ......................... 107 TABLE 5-16 CLIMATE IMPACTS TO AIRPORTS .......................................... 126 TABLE 5-17 SUMMARY LGW-2R HEALTH IMPACTS CONSTRUCTION PHASE ...... 131 TABLE 5-18 SUMMARY LGW-2R HEALTH IMPACTS OPERATION PHASE . 139 TABLE 5-19 SUMMARY LHR-ENR HEALTH IMPACTS CONSTRUCTION PHASE....................................................................................... 147 TABLE 5-20 SUMMARY LHR-ENR HEALTH IMPACTS OPERATION PHASE155 TABLE 5-21 SUMMARY LHR-NWR HEALTH IMPACTS CONSTRUCTION PHASE....................................................................................... 163 TABLE 5-22 SUMMARY LHR-NWR HEALTH IMPACTS OPERATIONAL PHASE171 TABLE 6-1 LGW-2R DIFFERENTIAL EFFECTS BETWEEN GENERAL POPULATION AND VULNERABLE GROUPS ................................................... 182 TABLE 6-2 LHR-ENR DIFFERENTIAL EFFECTS BETWEEN GENERAL POPULATION AND VULNERABLE GROUPS ................................................... 185 TABLE 6-3 LHR-NWR DIFFERENTIAL EFFECTS BETWEEN GENERAL POPULATION AND VULNERABLE GROUPS ................................................... 187 FIGURES FIGURE 2-1 SOCIO-ENVIRONMENTAL MODEL OF WELLBEING.................................7 FIGURE 3-1 GATWICK HEALTH IMPACT ANALYSIS PRINCIPAL STUDY AREA ...........................................................................................10 FIGURE 3-2 GATWICK HEALTH IMPACT ANALYSIS NOISE STUDY AREA...10 FIGURE 3-3 HEATHROW HEALTH IMPACT ANALYSIS PRINCIPAL STUDY AREA ...........................................................................................11 WSP | Parsons Brinckerhoff Project No v FIGURE 3-4 HEATHROW NORTHWEST RUNWAY HEALTH IMPACT ANALYSIS NOISE STUDY AREA ................................................11 FIGURE 3-5 HEATHROW EXTENDED NORTHERN RUNWAY HEALTH IMPACT ANALYSIS NOISE STUDY AREA ..................................12 FIGURE 3-6 PRINCIPAL HEALTH DETERMINANTS PATHWAYS OF AVIATION EXPANSION ................................................................................20 FIGURE 4-1 DEMOGRAPHIC PROFILE OF HEATHROW AND GATWICK STUDY AREAS.........................................................................................21 FIGURE 4-2 GATWICK COMMUNITY PROFILE: OFFICE OF NATIONAL STATISTICS (ONS) HEALTH INDICATOR FOR CHILDREN AND YOUNG PEOPLE (2011 TO 2014) ...............................................22 FIGURE 4-3 HEATHROW COMMUNITY PROFILE: OFFICE OF NATIONAL STATISTICS (ONS) HEALTH INDICATOR FOR CHILDREN AND YOUNG PEOPLE (2011 TO 2014) ...............................................23 FIGURE 4-4 GATWICK COMMUNITY PROFILE: ONS HEALTH INDICATOR FOR LONG-TERM UNEMPLOYMENT AND INDICES FOR MULTIPLE DEPRIVATION (IMD) (2011 TO 2014) ........................24 FIGURE 4-5 HEATHROW COMMUNITY PROFILE: ONS HEALTH INDICATOR FOR LONG-TERM UNEMPLOYMENT AND INDICES FOR MULTIPLE DEPRIVATION (IMD) (2011 TO 2014) ........................24 FIGURE 4-6 GATWICK COMMUNITY PROFILE: ONS HEALTH INDICATORS FOR OBESE ADULTS, THOSE DIABETES, CANCER AND CARDIOVASCULAR MORTALITY RATE FOR THOSE UNDER 75 (2011 TO 2014) ............................................................................26 FIGURE 4-7 HEATHROW COMMUNITY PROFILE: ONS HEALTH INDICATORS FOR PEOPLE FOR OBESE ADULTS, THOSE DIABETES, CANCER AND CARDIOVASCULAR MORTALITY RATE FOR THOSE UNDER 75 (2011 TO 2014) ..........................26 FIGURE 4-8 GATWICK COMMUNITY PROFILE: ONS HEALTH INDICATORS FOR OLDER PEOPLE (2011 TO 2014) ........................................27 FIGURE 4-9 HEATHROW COMMUNITY PROFILE: ONS HEALTH INDICATORS FOR OLDER PEOPLE (2011 TO 2014) .................27 APPENDICES Provided separately: APPENDIX A HEALTH IMPACT ANALYSIS SCOPING REPORT APPENDIX B LOCAL AUTHORITY HEALTH PROFILES ABBREVIATIONS AC Airports Commission AMI Acute Myocardial Infarction WSP | Parsons Brinckerhoff Project No vi AONB Areas of Outstanding Natural Beauty AoS Appraisal of Sustainability AQMAs Air Quality Management Areas AQO Air Quality Objectives BAME Black, Asian and Minority Ethnic people CPRE Campaign for the Protection of Rural England DALY Disability-Adjusted Life Year Defra Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs DfT Department for Transport EqIA Equalities Impact Assessment ESA Ecosystem Services Assessment HIA Health Impact Assessment HSE Health Survey for England IOM Institute of Occupational Medicine LA Local Authority LAeq 0700-2300hrs level of A-weighted noise detected between 0700hr to 2300hrs LGW-2R London Gatwick Second Runway LHR-ENR London Heathrow Extended Runway LHR-NWR London Heathrow Northwest Runway LNR Local Nature Reserves NAEI National Atmospheric Emissions Inventory NCD Non-Communicable disease NPS National Policy Statement ONS Office of National Statistics PAH Poly Aromatic Hydrocarbons PHE Public Health England PM Particulate Matter SAC Special Areas of Conservation SINC Site of Importance to Nature Conservation SNCI Site of Nature Conservation Interest SPA Special Protection Area SSSI Site of Special Scientific Interest SWLW South West London Waterbodies ToR Terms of Reference VOC Volatile Organic Compounds WFD Water Framework Directive WSP | Parsons Brinckerhoff Project No vii WHO World Health Organisation YLD Years Lost due to Disability WSP | Parsons Brinckerhoff Project No 1 1 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 1.1.1 The Department for Transport (DfT) has prepared an Appraisal of Sustainability (AoS) to inform Government of the economic, social and environmental effects of the three shortlisted schemes (as outlined at 1.1.4 below) to expand UK aviation capacity. 1.1.2 The AoS provides an impact analysis of three policy alternatives for the Airports National Policy Statement (NPS). The AoS includes an assessment of the potential impacts of increasing aviation capacity on quality of life for the communities surrounding the airports involved in the three policy alternatives. 1.1.3 The three policy alternatives under consideration for the Airports NPS are subject