Journal of Sports Analytics 4 (2018) 31–63 31 DOI 10.3233/JSA-160165 IOS Press Ranking regular seasons in the NBA’s Modern Era using grey relational analysis

Sean Pradhana,b,∗ aDepartment of Sport Management, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA bCenter for Sport Marketing Research (C-SMAR), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA

Abstract. In the last few decades, the sports world has seen the precipitous rise of data-driven player analysis methods across many professional sports. In light of these advents to the field, the current paper offers a novel application of a multi-criteria classification scheme developed within the scholarly literature, that being: grey relational analysis (GRA), to the milieu of professional sports. Specifically, this technique is utilized in the context of the National Association (NBA) to rank regular seasons during the Modern Era (i.e., since the 1979-80 season, after the merger between the NBA and ABA) through the use of a constellation of statistics. A sample of 100 seasons initially classified by player efficiency rating (PER) were examined using GRA. Findings from the present study illustrate that ’s recent MVP campaign during the 2015-16 season for the Golden State Warriors was the top ranked overall regular season out of those sampled in the Modern Era. The use of GRA is compared to current popular indicators for player evaluation and efficiency. Future directions and implications for professional sports are discussed.

Keywords: Player analytics, grey relational analysis (GRA), National Basketball Association (NBA), ranking, Modern Era

1. Introduction analytics has emerged as a pioneering field that has sought to resolve such issues for teams. With tac- The primary aspiration for virtually all clubs in tics, such as moneyball and sabermetrics, used in the many team sports is victory. As succinctly stated various domains, (Mason and Foster, 2007), the quan- by former New York Jets head coach and current titative analysis of sports has allowed teams to not football analyst for ESPN, Herman Edwards: “you only maximize player performance while keeping in play to win the game” (Yoder, 2012). While this mind any hindrances attributable to a salary cap, but goal may be simple in and of itself, there are many has also led to many teams succeeding in their respec- barriers that each team faces, such as privations in tive sports. Some prominent cases of such flourishing financial resources, deficiencies in talented players, applications of analytics include many from Major or an inability to attract rising stars from the free League Baseball (MLB), such as the Oakland Ath- agency market to a team’s locality. Accordingly, the letics, Boston Red Sox, and Houston Astros among sports world has seen a surplus of teams plagued others. by these factors. However, with the recent and quite Although sports analytics has been embraced by rapid economic expansion as witnessed through the many within the sports industry (i.e., teams and cor- escalation in television deals throughout the profes- porations), the body of scholarly research on this sional sports leagues and ensuing upsurges in salary matter has been limited. In addition, not all teams in caps as well as discrepancies in athlete talent, sports the various professional sports leagues have accepted such analysis as the standard as a means to contribute ∗ Corresponding author: Sean Pradhan, Department of Sport or enhance the direction of player operations. For Management, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Tel.: +1 734 647 0945; Fax: +1 734 647 2808; E-mail: instance, a plethora of skeptics within the industry [email protected]. remain apprehensive on the viability of data-driven

2215-020X/18/$35.00 © 2018 – IOS Press and the authors. All rights reserved This article is published online with Open Access and distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (CC BY-NC 4.0). 32 S. Pradhan / Ranking regular seasons in the NBA’s Modern Era using grey relational analysis player analysis, such as within the National Bas- 3. Grey relational analysis ketball Association (NBA). While some teams like the Dallas Mavericks, Houston Rockets, Philadel- Grey systems theory was first developed by Deng phia 76ers, and San Antonio Spurs have vigorously (1982) to describe the process of studying problems invested in these analytic resources (Pelton, 2015), when only partially known information is accessible there still lie many who have not fully adopted statis- within a limited sample, conditions often common tical applications in player evaluations. Bearing these to practical, real-world issues (Liu and Lin, 2010). notions in mind, the current study aims to harness Grey systems theory posits that through the procure- and apply previously established methods of analysis, ment, organization, and analysis of such available founded within scholarly research, to the quantita- data, research can better solve problems utilizing var- tive assessments of players in order to draw practical ious criteria (Deng, 1982). The process of GRA was implications for the sports industry. conceived by Deng (1982, 1989) as a means to aid in the MCDM based on a series of apparent char- acteristics within a grey system, in reference to the 2. Intentions concept of a black box wherein information is known (white) or unknown (black). In other words, grey In light of the dearth of player analysis in the information takes into consideration both knowns and NBA, the current study intends to offer a unique unknowns within a system and through the use of contribution to the field of sports analytics by provid- GRA seeks to quantify performance using a matrix- ing a classification scheme of performance through derived grade based on available data (Deng, 1982). the sampling of current and former athletes from The GRA technique has been successfully applied the NBA. Using a theoretically validated technique in scores of research within engineering, such as in prominently used in engineering (i.e., grey relational laser cutting and optics (Chen et al., 2011), neural analysis [GRA]), we present an innovative appli- networking models (Lai et al., 2005), and electrical cation of this method as well as a bridge between discharge machining processes (EDM; Lin and Lin, theory itself (i.e., in this case grey systems the- 2002). ory, the conceptual underpinning behind GRA) and Deng (1982, 1989) stipulated a series of steps practice within the sports industry. In the present con- within GRA in order to calculate grey relational text, we aim to make use of player statistics as the grades (i.e., numerical scores signaling the influence criteria in determining the most successful regular that specific factors have on a system; Yu et al., 2011) season achieved by an NBA player in the Mod- based on sampled data. To be specific, Deng outlined ern Era. The proposed utilization of the GRA as a five main steps in order to normalize an assembly player evaluation system has vast contributions to the of data and convert such figures into grey relational field of not only sports analytics, but also hierarchal grades to generate a ranking system in determining multi-criteria decision making (MCDM) applied in the most influential, or highest performing, factor. engineering. To begin with, data (x) are first arranged in a com- The main contributions of the current study are parison matrix based upon a particular number of two-fold. This study intends to (a) provide an exten- performance indicators (n) that are to be contrasted sion of GRA within a unique context in the analysis of against one another (m). players and (b) propound a novel technique for prac- ⎡ ⎤ xm (n) xm (n) ... xm (n) titioners to employ in determining the efficiency of ⎢ x n x n ... x n ⎥ both current and prospective players. These contribu- ⎣ m ( ) m ( ) m ( ) ⎦ tions can potentially fuel advancements in scouting xm (n) xm (n) ... xm (n) methods, both on an amateur and professional level, wherein teams can make better judgments concerning Subsequently, a referential series (x0)is player acquisitions. Moreover, these outcomes may selected based upon the aim for the specific perfor- even aid in player salary negotiations for teams, in mance indicator. On one hand, if the ideal target which clubs can utilize MCDM techniques, such as outcome for such an indicator aims for those of GRA, to make comparisons between similar play- higher values, then the highest value in the compari- ers and offer fair and more well-informed contracts son matrix group is selected as the referential series based on not only the market-level of compensation, point. On the other hand, if lower values are indicative but also performance. of better performance, then the lowest series value is S. Pradhan / Ranking regular seasons in the NBA’s Modern Era using grey relational analysis 33 chosen as the reference point. Following this, the data 3.1. Grey relational analysis in sports from the comparison matrix are normalized by uti- lizing appropriate factor type calculations that obtain While research directly employing GRA in sports difference scores between observed values (xi ) and is relatively scant, several scholars have attempted to referential series points. Benefit type factor calcu- do so. For example, Huang et al. (2006) investigated lations are conducted on observed data for a given the competitive abilities of NBA teams from both indicator (k) that aim for higher values to produce the Eastern and Western Conferences using perfor- ∗ a grey relational degree (xi [k]; i.e., a measure of mance information (e.g., field goal, , , similarity between a series of data; Lo et al., 2005). , , , rates, and the like) obtained during the 2003-04 season. Using a sample that only ∗ xi (k) − min x0 (k) xi (k) = included teams that made the playoffs that year, the max x0 (k) − min x0 (k) results from Huang et al.’s (2006) study revealed that the GRA analysis correctly classified approximately Indicators that seek lower values for better per- 81% of the playoff teams (i.e., 13 out of 16 possi- formance are subjected to the defect type factor ble) using a total of merely nine evaluation criteria. calculation in computing these relational degrees. Although the authors may have been limited by the ∗ max xi (k) − xi (k) usage of select criteria, their findings speak to the xi (k) = min xi (k) − max xi (k) feasibility of applying GRA to appraise the potential for not only NBA teams, but also players within the The grey relational degrees are then transformed league given many overlapping performance charac- into difference scores (xi) to obtain the absolute teristics, regardless of a lack of available data. distance between the referential series and observed Later research by Chen et al. (2010) examined sim- data point. ilar notions to those studied by Huang and colleagues (2006). The authors of this study evaluated the perfor- x k = | x k − x k | i ( ) 0 ( ) i ( ) mance of teams in the context of the National Football League (NFL), utilizing a series of performance and Distance metrics are then converted to grey rela- managerial efficiency indicators. In doing so, Chen ξ k tional coefficients ( i [ ]; i.e., values signaling the et al. (2010) found that the GRA was able to accu- association between the desired, or idealized, and rately classify about 92% of playoff teams (i.e., 11 actual sampled data; Lin, 2004) using the maximum out of 12 possible) in the NFL during the 2005 sea- ( max) and minimum ( min) referential distance son with only six performance attributes (e.g., points points multiplied by a selected distinguishing coeffi- scored, points allowed, offensive yards gained, defen- p cient (i.e., a value between 0 and 1, most commonly sive yards allowed, defensive interceptions, kickoff set to 0.5; Das et al., 2016; Ecer and Boyukaslan, return attempts). Specifically, the researchers of this 2014; Kuo et al., 2008; Sakinc¸, 2014; Yeh and Lu, study correctly categorized approximately 83% of 2000). playoff bound teams in the American Football Con- min +p max ference (AFC) and 100% of those in the National ξi (k) = Football Conference (NFC), further supporting the xi(k) + p max use of GRA in sports settings. Ultimately, the grey relational grade (ri) is com- In more recent years, the empirical research puted by summing each indicators’ coefficient scores employing GRA has commonly been applied in within a group (w [k]) and dividing by the proportion the financial analysis of various sport clubs, par- of the number of indicators in a group to the total ticularly within international soccer. Case in point, number of indicators used in the analysis (ξ [k]). Ecer and Boyukaslan (2014) examined the finan- cial performance of Turkish teams publicly traded ri = [w (k) ξ (k)] on the Istanbul Stock Exchange (Borsa Istanbul) using a collection of financial ratios. The results of After obtaining these relational grades, the data are their study conceded that out of the surveyed clubs, then ranked from greatest to least to produce the GRA Fenerbahc¸e Spor Kulub¨ u¨ was the most fiscally suc- classification scheme, providing an indication of the cessful publicly-traded soccer club within the Turkish factor reflecting the best performance in a sampled Super¨ Lig. Subsequent research by Sakinc¸ (2014) system. as well as Oral (2016) utilizing GRA to similarly 34 S. Pradhan / Ranking regular seasons in the NBA’s Modern Era using grey relational analysis analyze financial performance of such Turkish soccer personal fouls (PF), and points (PTS). In addition, clubs provided evidence to support the useful appli- during seasons in which there was a labor strike, or cation of GRA in sports and sustained the results lockout, that ceased play and shortened the number obtained by Ecer and Boyukaslan (2014). of regular season games (e.g., during the 1998-99 and In view of the literature utilizing GRA to measure 2011-12 seasons), we adjusted GP and GS to percent- performance within engineering on mechanized effi- ages (i.e., GP% and GS%, respectively) for all player ciency as well as in professional sports and directly in data to account for any incongruities and bias toward an NBA setting on holistic team evaluations, the cur- the nature of the season. rent study provides an application of GRA in player Advanced statistics consisted of the following analysis. Using previous seasons from both former figures: (TS%), 3-point and active NBA players, we develop a ranking system attempt rate (3PAr), free-throw attempt rate (FTr), to categorize performance based on a collection of offensive rebound percentage (ORB%), defensive criteria derived from player statistics. In the next sec- rebound percentage (DRB%), total rebound per- tions, we describe the obtained data, apply the GRA centage (TRB%), assist percentage (AST%), steal to the data, and then illustrate the conclusions drawn percentage (STL%), block percentage (BLK%), from our analysis in the context of professional sports. percentage (TO%), usage percentage (USG%), offensive win shares (OWS), defensive win shares (DWS), total win shares (WS), win 4. Data shares per 48 minutes (i.e., a full non-overtime NBA game; WS/48), offensive box plus/minus (OBPM), Data for the present experiment were obtained defensive box plus/minus (DBPM), box plus/minus from Basketball-Reference (2016). For preliminary (BPM), value over replacement player (VORP) as consideration and practical reasons, we selected the well as PER. The categorization of traditional and top 100 regular seasons based on player efficiency rat- advanced metrics was defined by conditions set by ing (PER) to use for our analysis. However, data was Basketball-Reference (2016). Taken together, a total limited to players from the Modern Era, specifically of 45 performance metrics, 25 traditional and 20 after the merger between the NBA and the American advanced, were used for this study. Table 1 offers a list Basketball Association (ABA) in 1979 and follow- of all criteria and the ideal direction in which higher ing the implementation of the 3-point line on the performance on the metric would be indicated. All court during the 1979-80 season. Thus, data for this raw data and the player seasons used for the present study were attained for players who participated fol- study can be found in Tables A1 and A2 located in lowing the 1979-80 NBA season spanning until the the Appendix. most recent completed NBA season (i.e., the 2015-16 season). The evaluation criteria that we chose were split 5. Applying grey relational analysis into two main categories: traditional and advanced to the obtained data statistics. Traditional figures included both games played (GP) and games started (GS). Furthermore, The GRA was carried out on the obtained data we also included the following traditional per game displayed in Table A1. Following the steps outlined (i.e., averaged over the number of games played) by Deng (1982, 1989), the obtained data served as statistics comprising of minutes played (MP), field the comparison matrix. We then selected the ideal- goals made, (FGM), field goals attempted (FGA), ized statistics within the sample for referential series field goal percentage (FG%), 3-point field goals points and normalized the data using benefit or defect made (3PM), 3-point field goals attempted (3PA), type factor computations where appropriate. These 3-point field goal percentage (3P%), two-point field calculations are displayed in Tables A3 and A4. goals made (2PM), two-point field goals attempted Subsequently, these grey relational degrees were con- (2PA), two-point field goal percentage (2P%), effec- verted to distance scores (see Tables A5 and A6) and tive field goal percentage (eFG%), free-throws made then transformed into grey relational coefficients (see (FT), free-throws attempted (FTA), free-throw per- Tables A7 and A8), using the respective procedures. centage (FT%), offensive rebounds (ORB), defensive From these coefficients, we then produced the grey rebounds (DRB), total rebounds (TRB), assists relational grades. However, we calculated the rela- (AST), steals (STL), blocks (BLK), turnovers (TO), tional grades for both traditional as well as advanced S. Pradhan / Ranking regular seasons in the NBA’s Modern Era using grey relational analysis 35

Table 1 to the overall relational grade than did advanced cri- Player statistics used in performance evaluation teria based upon the obtained grey relational grades Performance Criteria Code Ideal Direction (riTRAD = 52.98% vs. riADV = 51.04%). Inspection of Traditional the final relational grades and ranking of the data in Games played percentage GP% Higher Table A9 illustrated that Stephen Curry’s 2015-16 Games started percentage GS% Higher NBA regular season for the Golden State Warriors, Minutes played MP Lower Field goals made FGM Higher in which he won the Most Valuable Player (MVP) Field goals attempted FGA Lower Award that year (NBA, 2016), was the best over- percentage FG% Higher all season according to our performance criteria. 3-point field goals made 3PM Higher His overall performance was followed by Michael 3-point field goals attempted 3PA Higher 3-point field goal percentage 3P% Higher Jordan’s 1987-88 MVP season and 1988-89 cam- Two-point field goals made 2PM Higher paign for the Chicago Bulls and Lebron James’ Two-point field goals attempted 2PA Lower 2012-13 and 2008-09 MVP seasons for the Miami Two-point field goal percentage 2P% Higher Effective field goal percentage eFG% Higher Heat and Cleveland Cavaliers (NBA, 2016), respec- Free-throws made FT Higher tively completing the top-5 regular seasons. Figure 1 Free-throws attempted FTA Higher provides a visual illustration of the top-10 NBA sea- Free-throw percentage FT% Higher sons as per the GRA analysis. Offensive rebounds ORB Higher Defensive rebounds DRB Higher While Curry did have both the best overall and Total rebounds TRB Higher traditionally ranked season during the 2015-16 NBA Assists AST Higher year, Jordan’s 1987-88 season was actually the top Steals STL Higher season ranked by the advanced criteria. Bearing Blocks BLK Higher Turnovers TO Lower this in mind, examination of the data indicated that Personal fouls PF Lower there were minor differences in the rankings between Points PTS Higher the traditional and advanced indicators across the Advanced sampled seasons. However, these rankings produced True shooting percentage TS% Higher 3-point attempt rate 3PAr Higher by the grey relational grades were not statistically Free-throw attempt rate FTr Higher different from each other, as verified by a follow- Offensive rebound percentage ORB% Higher up Wilcoxon Signed-rank test (z = –0.31, p = 0.76). Defensive rebound percentage DRB% Higher Thus, this may suggest that the GRA classification Total rebound percentage TRB% Higher Assist percentage AST% Higher scheme sufficiently fits the data and can inimitably Steal percentage STL% Higher and appropriately rank these seasons. Block percentage BLK% Higher A Spearman’s rank-order correlation was also Turnover percentage TO% Lower Usage percentage USG% Lower conducted to examine the relationship between the Offensive win shares OWS Higher rankings produced by traditional and advanced per- Defensive win shares DWS Higher formance indicators. This correlation indicated that Total win shares WS Higher the rankings between the traditional and advanced Win shares per 48 minutes WS/48 Higher Offensive box plus/minus OBPM Higher indicators were significantly and positively related Defensive box plus/minus DBPM Higher to each other, rs(100) = 0.59, p < 0.001. Further anal- Box plus/minus BPM Higher ysis was performed comparing the ranking system Value over replacement player VORP Higher produced from the GRA to statistics commonly used Player efficiency rating PER Higher as benchmarks to indicate performance, such as PER and VORP. A Wilcoxon Signed-rank test illustrated indicators in order to compare player performance that the ranks produced by the GRA did not signif- from these two perspectives, as depicted in Table A9. icantly differ from ranks determined by both PER Ultimately, we converted these grades into the overall (z = –0.22, p = 0.83) and VORP (z = –0.38, p = 0.70), grey relational grade and then ranked these figures to which may provide a signal of the GRA’s utility as a produce the classification scheme. The next section reliable measure of player performance. While sub- discusses the results from the GRA. sequent Spearman’s rank-order correlation analyses 5.1. Results did reveal significant positive relationships between the ranking system of the GRA and ranks derived The results from the GRA indicated that traditional from both PER (rs[100] = 0.45, p < 0.001) and VORP indicators of performance contributed slightly more (rs [100] = 0.67, p < 0.001), the GRA nevertheless 36 S. Pradhan / Ranking regular seasons in the NBA’s Modern Era using grey relational analysis

Fig. 1. Top-10 overall NBA seasons produced by the GRA. Grey relational grades computed from both traditional and advanced performance criteria are also included. appears to be related but in certain manners, uniquely against methods such as PER or VORP in player anal- distinct from these commonly employed indicators of ysis, but has also been shown to be applicable in a player performance. variety of contexts and oftentimes, noted as the more superior option in other MCDM situations (Kuo et al., 2008). Thus, GRA promotes a less biased assess- 6. Discussion ment of players as well as a flexible approach to such The present paper offers a novel approach of the analyses through the use of limited, available data. GRA to the ranking of NBA players based on a While the present study may have converged series of both traditional and advanced performance toward a modern style of play within the NBA due indicators. Although Stephen Curry’s 2015-16 sea- to the arrival of the 3-point shot in present times son was the top ranked overall and traditional season given the scope of the research and limited by the according to the GRA, the findings from the rankings use of PER as the initial sampling condition for high derived from the advanced statistics may speak to performance, our study nevertheless offers a num- the importance of weighing various facets of perfor- ber of directions for the industry of sports itself mance in player rankings. That is, teams must be wary and future research. Taken together, the results dis- of relying on merely single indicators of performance play the viability of utilizing GRA in sports and and should analyze players holistically based upon demonstrate the value of analytics research in evalu- the team’s specific needs. Furthermore, the methods ating players. However, the current study does not used in the current study also offer an efficient and discount the place and integral role that conven- unique way of evaluating player value. Due to the tional techniques (e.g., traditional scouting) serve in frequent and various unknowns surrounding players, the determination of rosters and player operations. the GRA method employs available known infor- Rather, this research informs the field by offering mation (i.e., grey information) about a player (e.g., data-driven evidence to bolster these customs. Sim- statistics) to come to optimal decisions concerning ply put, this research operates to produce techniques performance. In doing so, GRA can not only provide that will benefit teams from a performance stand- reliable and comparable assessments, as contrasted point by encouraging the pooling of resources drawn S. 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Pradhan / Ranking regular seasons in the NBA’s Modern Era using grey relational analysis ) 4 6 8 7 1 2 0 7 7 6 5 1 6 0 6 4 0 5 5 1 4 8 1 1 3 8 2 2 0 4 4 1 ...... 527 330 132 229 528 432 427 627 627 225 827 627 335 831 032 030 124 929 132 937 226 722 027 524 230 327 430 728 728 426 629 933 ...... 52 72 93 51 12 33 92 82 13 52 63 32 42 22 62 32 53 02 63 62 42 22 42 42 01 01 41 02 41 83 93 42 Continued ...... ( 42 33 53 32 22 62 63 02 83 23 91 33 82 53 72 13 02 22 13 24 52 24 13 93 03 73 83 02 82 82 33 73 ...... 60 60 73 40 21 71 90 10 52 73 70 91 71 80 62 52 81 11 20 10 71 70 61 80 90 53 62 80 21 30 62 43 ...... 93 52 02 72 21 81 51 62 30 02 00 01 21 52 32 62 21 31 61 32 21 80 70 52 52 51 10 01 91 51 31 21 ...... 55 05 08 46 22 74 55 24 72 511 73 95 97 77 64 38 67 07 38 96 96 63 73 75 07 45 13 23 82 94 96 14 ...... 85 66 28 65 710 710 96 25 910 75 210 913 17 74 86 47 37 88 47 16 47 413 812 06 95 77 211 312 910 59 96 310 ...... 73 44 86 94 57 07 64 03 86 94 57 010 86 03 84 95 36 36 96 75 56 39 98 75 13 76 97 98 97 47 15 96 ...... 84 1 85 1 85 1 91 0 81 2 75 3 79 1 86 2 54 3 87 0 56 3 79 3 71 1 81 1 83 1 84 1 78 1 75 1 77 0 85 1 77 1 52 4 51 3 84 1 77 1 87 0 62 3 76 3 77 2 76 2 75 1 72 3 ...... 50 20 80 10 80 60 70 90 20 70 70 70 30 50 00 80 40 00 20 50 10 40 10 30 80 90 80 00 50 40 60 80 ...... 810 08 39 65 56 711 79 211 510 86 910 55 310 510 78 19 39 37 810 28 28 510 713 17 59 79 710 610 110 48 77 19 ...... 54 8 55 7 55 8 63 4 54 5 51 8 51 7 48 10 58 5 53 5 58 5 50 4 52 7 50 8 53 6 46 8 53 7 60 5 55 7 55 7 55 6 57 5 57 6 52 6 52 7 56 8 57 6 52 7 53 8 55 6 61 5 59 7 ...... 55 0 55 0 55 0 57 0 54 0 51 0 48 0 49 0 58 0 53 0 58 0 51 0 53 0 51 0 51 0 46 0 54 0 60 0 56 0 55 0 56 0 58 0 57 0 51 0 52 0 55 0 57 0 52 0 53 0 56 0 62 0 61 0 ...... 70 30 00 00 50 40 20 00 00 80 30 10 10 30 40 70 20 50 00 00 50 10 20 70 50 80 10 70 10 00 60 10 ...... 023 721 621 19 417 420 718 227 418 313 618 719 117 817 819 117 115 714 415 521 116 121 019 722 718 114 418 616 718 519 513 315 ...... 13 13 31 11 28 11 45 5 08 9 35 10 39 8 18 13 00 10 36 7 00 10 26 9 32 9 27 8 43 9 30 8 34 8 41 8 33 8 38 11 36 9 00 12 00 11 35 11 32 9 39 8 00 10 33 8 30 9 00 10 38 8 28 9 ...... 60 10 20 20 20 40 00 80 00 30 00 50 80 50 20 30 70 30 10 00 40 00 00 90 50 10 00 10 20 20 00 30 ...... Table A1 10 41 31 111 00 10 36 10 00 82 00 10 54 41 43 34 64 43 75 13 92 00 00 02 13 46 00 00 10 00 54 72 ...... 54 0 54 0 54 0 50 5 54 0 51 0 46 2 48 0 58 0 50 0 58 0 50 0 48 1 49 0 50 1 43 1 49 1 57 1 50 1 53 1 53 0 57 0 57 0 50 1 49 1 50 2 57 0 52 0 53 0 55 0 57 1 57 0 ...... 40 40 20 20 60 70 20 80 10 10 30 60 90 90 60 90 80 10 90 10 20 70 80 10 80 40 20 60 40 ...... 024 122 922 220 417 520 124 427 418 116 618 819 621 318 222 422 0 719 117 120 624 0 018 121 019 725 822 0 520 418 716 718 519 017 917 ...... Raw traditional player statistics evaluated in the current study 413 012 211 210 19 510 411 013 810 58 110 49 410 99 711 49 79 910 010 012 510 012 511 312 610 510 810 88 09 610 710 39 ...... 00 40 00 37 99 40 96 34 83 36 98 40 90 39 00 40 98 34 95 38 80 36 00 39 90 40 61 37 00 37 82 34 99 37 93 37 93 39 00 39 94 37 96 40 90 39 95 39 96 38 99 38 80 37 00 36 99 38 00 36 94 37 82 37 ...... 00 1 00 1 99 0 96 0 83 0 98 0 91 0 00 1 98 0 95 0 82 0 00 1 91 0 62 0 00 1 82 0 99 0 93 0 93 0 00 1 94 0 96 0 90 0 95 0 96 0 99 0 82 0 00 1 99 0 00 1 94 0 82 0 ...... Appendix PlayerMichael Jordan 1987-88 CHI SG 82 82 SN 1 TM POS G GS GP% GS% MP FGM FGA FG% 3PM 3PA 3P% 2PM 2PA 2P% eFG% FT FTA FT% ORB DRB TR AST STL BLK TO PF PPG 1990-91 CHI SG 82 82Michael Jordan 1 1988-89 CHI SG 81 81 0 Stephen Curry 2015-16 GSW PG 79 79Anthony Davis 0 2014-15 NOP PF 68 68 0 1993-94 SAS C 80Tracy 80 McGrady 0 2002-03 ORL SG 75 74 0 Michael Jordan 1986-87 CHI SG 82 82 1 Shaquille O’Neal 1998-99 LAL C 49 49Chris Paul 0 2008-09 NOH PG 78 78 0 Shaquille O’Neal 2001-02 LAL C 67 66 0 2003-04 MIN PF 82 82 1 LeBron James 2007-08 CLE SF 75Dwyane Wade 74 0 2006-07 MIA SG 51 50 0 Michael Jordan 1995-96 CHI SG 82 82 1 2014-15 OKC PG 67 67 0 LeBron James 2008-09 CLE SF 81 81 0 LeBron James 2012-13 MIA PF 76LeBron James 76 0 2009-10 CLE SF 76 76 0 Michael Jordan 1989-90 CHI SG 82 82LeBron James 1 2011-12 MIA SF 62 62 0 Shaquille O’Neal 1999-00 LAL C 79 79Shaquille O’Neal 0 2000-01 LAL C 74 74 0 Michael Jordan 1992-93 CHI SG 78 78 0 2008-09 MIA SG 79 79Kevin Durant 0 2013-14 OKC SF 81 81 0 Shaquille O’Neal 2002-03 LAL C 67 66 0 David Robinson 1995-96 SAS C 82 82 1 David Robinson 1994-95 SAS C 81Karl 81 Malone 0 1996-97 UTA PF 82 82 1 LeBron James 2013-14 MIA PF 77 77 0 1990-91 PHI SF 67 67 0 S. Pradhan / Ranking regular seasons in the NBA’s Modern Era using grey relational analysis 39 ) 1 3 0 1 4 8 2 6 3 9 6 3 2 3 8 7 1 9 5 3 4 6 6 6 2 5 2 6 2 2 0 3 5 1 2 8 9 3 ...... 321 828 529 927 530 331 023 928 225 528 129 224 925 526 220 325 126 123 825 935 929 026 426 522 523 223 821 927 725 231 422 625 726 225 319 622 329 228 ...... Continued 72 52 92 51 73 02 52 32 12 51 33 83 82 12 31 93 92 23 62 82 82 12 01 32 32 73 82 62 23 73 72 22 23 13 12 83 63 93 ( ...... 42 12 13 43 01 52 33 92 93 92 83 23 23 93 33 82 82 63 92 61 83 63 53 92 34 52 62 83 12 63 72 53 23 63 12 32 42 42 ...... 51 70 92 90 81 80 71 82 70 00 34 41 92 20 30 60 00 01 53 31 60 70 40 92 72 60 60 70 00 50 92 72 84 90 50 52 92 72 ...... 71 62 70 71 51 51 80 50 51 31 42 72 81 61 10 40 91 12 61 72 01 51 21 11 40 81 10 70 11 01 21 71 70 91 12 70 70 40 ...... 55 011 62 76 86 34 02 11 03 94 810 22 53 69 42 12 94 43 73 22 33 46 06 37 25 02 93 36 93 46 53 12 54 57 312 53 42 42 ...... 513 24 310 35 54 45 69 89 613 55 07 412 911 93 910 311 37 212 412 513 010 36 17 64 68 913 111 89 38 07 712 011 412 57 86 49 311 911 ...... 010 83 37 44 43 94 47 36 59 44 86 88 66 72 56 88 67 39 39 78 38 15 96 73 67 18 87 47 67 56 88 18 17 06 54 17 27 57 ...... 81 3 85 0 74 3 78 1 76 1 85 0 90 1 81 2 78 3 83 1 81 1 70 3 75 4 86 0 46 3 76 2 91 0 60 3 80 3 55 4 76 2 83 1 74 0 91 0 90 0 76 4 75 4 92 1 90 1 73 1 48 3 67 3 75 5 76 1 85 1 80 2 53 4 53 3 ...... 70 90 00 70 10 20 40 70 00 00 20 30 40 00 50 10 30 50 50 50 20 40 30 20 90 50 90 00 10 50 40 90 10 40 90 00 80 40 ...... 46 24 69 410 99 710 77 08 47 97 87 88 19 35 810 511 49 18 88 810 810 17 610 94 26 29 911 56 47 76 59 66 610 48 77 29 810 011 ...... 50 5 52 4 51 6 50 8 50 6 49 8 52 6 59 7 53 5 52 5 49 5 55 5 61 7 52 4 60 4 57 8 56 8 50 5 51 6 60 5 53 7 53 6 52 7 59 3 57 6 55 7 60 8 56 5 53 6 55 4 56 4 50 4 59 7 54 6 53 6 51 7 58 5 58 6 ...... 51 0 52 0 51 0 51 0 51 0 48 0 50 0 60 0 53 0 51 0 50 0 55 0 63 0 51 0 60 0 57 0 54 0 51 0 51 0 60 0 53 0 53 0 52 0 53 0 57 0 55 0 63 0 55 0 52 0 57 0 56 0 50 0 64 0 55 0 53 0 51 0 59 0 58 0 ...... 30 00 50 80 50 70 00 90 50 50 80 70 70 30 00 30 60 90 20 60 10 50 30 70 50 60 10 90 00 90 40 70 20 30 90 90 10 10 ...... 316 713 414 117 416 020 916 014 319 919 913 715 713 811 015 019 313 616 318 819 618 521 518 68 112 216 914 318 715 614 819 815 413 415 415 117 820 219 ...... ) 24 8 37 6 25 7 17 9 30 8 35 10 41 7 16 9 00 10 37 9 30 6 13 8 22 8 37 5 00 9 37 11 42 7 17 8 10 9 00 11 33 9 27 11 34 9 44 4 39 7 14 9 28 8 41 10 42 7 31 8 00 10 33 7 22 8 33 8 21 8 25 9 00 11 00 11 ...... 30 10 10 00 20 50 30 40 10 60 30 10 20 60 00 50 10 20 10 00 10 30 80 10 70 10 00 10 20 70 10 10 10 50 50 10 10 00 ...... Table A1 Continued ( 10 23 00 21 93 36 43 10 00 43 34 00 31 33 00 20 74 00 00 00 00 31 64 68 66 00 62 33 92 13 00 00 42 23 10 00 00 00 ...... 50 0 49 1 51 0 50 0 48 0 45 2 48 1 59 0 53 0 49 1 45 1 55 0 60 0 48 1 60 0 56 0 51 1 50 0 51 0 60 0 53 0 52 0 48 1 49 3 51 2 55 0 59 0 53 1 50 0 52 1 56 0 50 0 58 0 51 1 52 0 51 0 58 0 58 0 ...... 60 10 60 80 60 20 30 30 50 10 10 80 90 80 80 70 10 30 60 20 70 10 80 20 70 20 60 40 80 30 80 40 20 10 ...... 316 916 514 318 319 227 319 319 015 223 218 715 914 114 015 0 119 017 318 617 819 618 822 123 216 719 416 0 216 622 0 617 718 819 815 915 618 218 0 516 820 219 ...... 18 67 77 69 39 012 19 510 99 911 48 78 18 47 19 111 59 69 68 811 49 811 511 78 89 69 79 011 28 69 110 47 18 89 99 38 011 311 ...... 00 38 98 37 89 33 91 38 94 36 98 41 99 38 00 39 96 33 00 37 98 34 83 37 96 39 91 36 89 34 00 38 99 38 00 40 83 36 99 39 99 37 98 38 96 42 98 32 88 35 98 39 99 37 91 39 95 36 93 35 62 38 80 33 96 39 96 38 00 35 98 36 96 37 70 36 ...... 00 1 98 0 89 0 91 0 94 0 98 0 99 0 00 1 96 0 00 1 98 0 83 0 96 0 91 0 89 0 00 1 99 0 00 1 84 0 99 0 99 0 98 0 96 0 98 0 88 0 98 0 00 0 93 0 95 0 93 0 62 0 80 0 96 0 96 0 00 1 98 0 96 0 73 0 ...... Kevin Garnett 2004-05 MIN PF 82 82 1 2007-08 NOH PG 80 80 0 David Robinson 1997-98 SAS C 73Dwyane Wade 73 0 2005-06 MIA SG 75 75 0 Dwyane Wade 2009-10 MIA SG 77 77 0 2005-06 LAL SG 80 80 0 2005-06 DAL PF 81 81 0 1992-93 HOU C 82 82 1 Amar’e Stoudemire 2007-08 PHO C 79 79 0 Michael Jordan 1996-97 CHI SG 82Russell Westbrook 82 2015-16 OKC 1 PG 80 80 0 David Robinson 1991-92 SAS C 68 68 0 Charles Barkley 1989-90 PHI SF 79Chris Paul 79 0 2011-12 LAC PG 60 60 0 Shaquille O’Neal 2004-05 MIA C 73 73 0 1989-90 UTA PF 82 82 1 2012-13 OKC SF 81 81 0 2001-02 SAS PF 82 82 1 Tim Duncan 2003-04 SAS PF 69 68 0 Shaquille O’Neal 1993-94 ORL C 81 81 0 Karl Malone 1997-98 UTA PFMichael Jordan 81 81 1991-92 0 CHI SG 80 80 0 LeBron James 2005-06 CLE SF 79 79 0 Stephen Curry 2014-15 GSW PG 80 80 0 Kevin Durant 2015-16 OKC SF 72 72 0 Charles Barkley 1987-88 PHI PF 80David Robinson 80 0 1990-91 SAS C 82 81 1 1987-88 BOSDirk Nowitzki SF 76 75 2006-07 DAL 0 PF 78LeBron James 78 0 2015-16 CLE SF 76 76 0 Shaquille O’Neal 1996-97 LAL C 51 51Tim Duncan 0 2004-05 SAS PF 66 66 0 Charles Barkley 1988-89 PHI PF 79 79 0 LeBron James 2010-11 MIA SF 79 79 0 Karl Malone 1999-00 UTA PFMagic Johnson 82 82 1986-87 1 LAL PG 80 80 0 Shaquille O’Neal 1994-95 ORL C 79 79 0 PlayerShaquille O’Neal 1997-98 LAL C 60 57 SN 0 TM POS G GS GP% GS% MP FGM FGA FG% 3PM 3PA 3P% 2PM 2PA 2P% eFG% FT FTA FT% ORB DRB TR AST STL BLK TO PF PPG 40 S. Pradhan / Ranking regular seasons in the NBA’s Modern Era using grey relational analysis ) Table A1 Continued ( PlayerTim DuncanMagic JohnsonKevin Love 2002-03Kevin 1988-89 Garnett SAS LAL PF PGMoses SN Malone 77 81 77 81James 2013-14 Harden 2005-06 0.94 0.99 MIN TM MIN POSAmar’e PF 1981-82 Stoudemire 0.94 PF G 0.99 77 HOU 2004-05 76 37.5 GS 39.3Magic 77 PHO C GP% Johnson 76 2014-15 0.94 7.5 C 8.8 GS% 81 HOU 0.93Elton SG Brand MP 81 82 0.94 81 14.8 17.2 0.93 FGM 0.99 78Larry 36.3 1989-90 81 Bird 38.9 FGA 0.51 1.00 0.51 LAL 0.99 0.99 8.4 FG% PGAnthony 8.2 Davis 0.95 42.0 79 0.8 3PM 0.1 0.99 18.5 32.8 11.7 79 3PAYao 36.8 2005-06 15.7 Ming 2.4 0.3 0.96 3P% LAC 0.46 7.4 22.5 8.0 0.53 PF 2PMLarry 2013-14 0.31 Bird 0.27 0.96 79 0.52 1984-85 NOP 2PA 2.5 12.9 18.1 0.1 37.2 79Shaquille BOS 2P% 6.8 8.7 C O’Neal 0.58 SF 0.0 0.96 eFG% 6.6 0.44 6.9 67 0.4 12.3 16.9 80Chris FT Paul 0.96 66 0.38 1995-96 0.0 0.55 0.1 0.52 77 2.6 0.27 2006-07 14.4 FTA ORL 0.82 39.2Kevin 0.98 HOU FT% Garnett 0.00 6.0 0.54 0.0 0.52 C 0.48 8.1 1986-87 C 6.9 ORB 9.6 0.80 0.94 11.7David BOS 11.9 54 0.00 6.7 Robinson 5.6 DRB 48 15.3 35.2 0.38 1.3 39.5 SF 22.4 0.50 52 18.2 TR 48 0.53 7.3 74 7.8Dwyane 11.5 7.4 0.52 7.8 0.66 Wade 5.4 AST 0.59 2002-03 3.5 73 0.53 0.52 2012-13 1989-90 0.91 0.53 0.71 12.8 STL MIN 0.52Chris 11.3 0.63 0.90 LAC 22 0.59 0.38 Paul SAS PF 6.8 PG 15 0.58 BLK 0.0 36.0 0.48 5.2 1.4 33.8 3.2 82 70 7.8 0.89 C TOKarl 5.6 8.2 11.0 Malone 2011-12 0.52 0.58 6.4 82 70 10.2 40.6 0.0 0.52 PF 0.51 8.8 82 MIA 10.9 1.00 0.85 6.4 0.82 9.7 19.1Kevin 0.76 10.6 PPG SG 81 Durant 5.6 0.7 0.81 0.33 8.8 0.51 0.0 49 17.1 12.9 1.00 1.00 0.85 0.57 7.9 20.2 10.2 7.1 2.9 6.9Kobe 49 9.6 2.8 Bryant 1.6 3.9 40.5 33.4 0.52 0.53 12.8 0.1 0.99 0.87 2015-16 0.74 0.53 0.0 0.78 1992-93 18.1 0.43Kevin LAC 36.6 9.1 5.9 9.6 Durant 7.8 7.2 0.22 1.8 0.7 0.0 9.9 UTA PG 0.74 0.53 0.9 2011-12 1.2 10.8 PF 2.7 0.0 12.5 74 14.7 8.4 8.1 33.2 OKCDeMarcus 12.7 7.8 18.1 12.2 Cousins 82 20.4 0.3 0.0 2.9 SF 74 4.4 0.53 1.8 0.50 3.0 4.1 4.7 82 0.89 8.5 0.53 2002-03 2013-14 66 15.9 14.9 0.50 0.48 0.90 6.9Tim 0.00 4.1 Duncan 3.1 10.9 5.6 1.00 LAL 0.40 SAC 66 0.8 0.52 0.9 2009-10 5.7 1.4 2.2 0.53 SG 2.9 0.54 1.6 0.90 9.6 17.1 19.1 0.2 1.1 8.8 1.00 C 7.2 OKCDirk 1.00 82 22.5 Nowitzki 23.3 9.4 32.7 SF 0.57 0.52 7.0 0.5 1.5 5.0 0.50 1.0 0.0 71 82 37.8 1.4 17.0 1.00 0.78 0.9 3.3 82 5.0Dwight 17.2 7.0 71 1.00 Howard 5.2 5.7 0.57 0.52 2.5 38.6 82 3.6 1.9 9.7 0.3 2.4 1.0 0.55 0.28 0.0 0.33 0.87 3.0 6.6 1.8 2006-07 2.6 6.6 1.00Kobe 1.00 2.7 15.1 4.6 9.7 0.88 Bryant 0.52 2004-05 26.1 0.00 11.5 31.1 0.7 SAS 17.6 8.8 4.8 0.56 1.1 0.87 41.5 21.8 1.3 2010-11 DAL 1.00 0.79 9.5 0.46 7.0Kawhi 7.4 C 32.4 2.1 PF 19.7 Leonard 10.6 1.7 ORL 8.4 0.55 17.2 0.27 4.0 39.5 5.6 8.9 2.8 78 10.0 0.49 3.1 80 8.6 C 2.6 1.6 0.51 8.3 0.50 23.5Hakeem 3.6 15.8 6.1 9.7 78 8.2 Olajuwon 0.0 2.6 0.54 0.4 8.5 80 27.4 78 20.4 0.53 0.86 3.4 0.95 0.51 0.45 2006-07 4.4 0.98 2.0 16.8 1994-95 2015-16 7.0 0.91 10.5 15.9 78 20.3 3.7 0.53 0.2 1.0 LAL HOU SAS 0.95 0.51 0.53 0.95 6.6 4.6 2.1 0.37 10.0 2.1 SG 0.98 0.50 1.5 C 7.7 5.2 1.7 0.48 SF 0.20 4.1 38.7 77 22.3 1.6 34.1 2.5 6.1 7.5 0.95 72 0.51 5.3 11.0 72 1.6 77 0.39 0.0 4.6 4.0 7.3 9.7 1.6 8.5 10.2 37.6 72 7.7 72 7.5 2.9 2.2 0.94 0.75 1.3 10.6 4.8 0.38 7.7 0.88 0.73 0.89 0.88 1.2 0.1 9.4 17.4 2.9 7.9 0.50 4.3 18.5 9.2 0.94 6.1 14.1 0.6 3.0 24.7 0.56 2.8 14.4 0.88 9.1 0.00 0.88 2.0 3.1 3.7 0.8 40.8 0.37 0.46 13.4 7.6 0.52 0.55 0.79 0.54 33.1 39.6 2.6 10.5 1.6 0.55 10.6 19.5 2.1 8.3 0.4 8.1 28.7 0.59 11.1 4.0 13.4 1.2 3.0 7.7 8.3 3.0 0.47 1.8 0.0 0.55 1.5 22.8 7.5 2.9 16.7 20.8 6.0 16.1 4.4 12.0 21.5 0.0 10.2 2.0 3.6 3.7 6.5 2.9 0.50 0.48 15.1 0.46 0.1 0.9 0.51 2.0 3.3 26.6 0.74 0.90 0.52 1.4 7.6 3.5 0.40 9.7 7.3 0.51 0.1 0.11 0.50 3.2 1.8 0.51 4.8 3.3 1.7 2.8 0.5 0.0 2.5 0.86 8.7 0.00 1.6 7.3 6.1 2.4 7.7 25.0 1.8 9.2 4.6 5.2 28.1 3.9 15.6 0.84 8.4 0.2 2.8 7.9 10.2 0.6 14.0 8.4 3.7 4.0 0.1 0.34 0.47 2.4 1.7 0.55 0.90 0.19 3.1 13.3 0.73 11.2 1.3 23.0 4.2 0.44 2.3 7.4 8.8 3.2 0.60 0.49 11.0 3.8 0.55 1.3 1.3 10.0 2.0 3.1 24.3 5.9 17.6 21.2 5.6 8.0 16.9 7.9 0.59 4.5 1.5 2.1 2.6 0.50 0.52 11.1 6.3 3.5 6.9 9.1 8.6 2.2 7.0 7.1 0.53 0.50 1.0 22.1 0.2 0.52 11.7 11.7 7.6 5.9 0.87 1.3 0.64 0.57 2.9 0.60 8.7 5.6 2.9 2.6 2.8 2.2 1.2 10.0 3.2 2.5 2.7 1.2 4.1 7.5 4.0 1.5 27.0 19.5 1.4 0.87 4.6 0.8 3.8 0.76 8.5 7.9 10.1 1.3 2.0 1.0 1.0 0.87 3.5 14.1 10.6 9.7 28.0 2.4 3.5 2.7 1.4 3.4 3.3 1.3 3.1 4.7 3.8 30.0 2.1 8.4 22.7 1.4 0.8 30.1 5.7 1.2 10.8 5.5 5.4 3.5 2.4 2.4 6.8 1.5 3.6 2.8 1.4 1.8 2.6 2.3 3.3 2.5 2.8 22.9 20.0 0.5 3.4 1.8 26.1 3.3 3.3 1.0 2.7 3.5 31.6 27.8 1.5 1.8 21.2 S. Pradhan / Ranking regular seasons in the NBA’s Modern Era using grey relational analysis 41 ) Continued ( Table A2 Raw advanced player statistics evaluated in the current study PlayerMichael JordanLeBron James 1987-88Michael CHI Jordan 2008-09 SGLeBron James 1990-91 CLE SN 0.60Stephen CHI Curry SF 2012-13 0.03 SGMichael Jordan TM 0.59 MIA 0.43 2015-16 POS 0.61Michael Jordan PF 0.24 GSW 1989-90 TS% 4.8 PG 0.05 0.47LeBron CHI James 0.64 3PAr 1988-89 0.37 0.67 FTr SGAnthony CHI 4.3 Davis 0.19 10.7 ORB% 2009-10 0.55 4.6 0.40 SG 0.61LeBron James DRB% CLE 0.25 2014-15 0.13 19.0 0.61David TRB% 4.4 NOP Robinson SF 7.8 0.36 14.3 AST% 2.9 2011-12 0.06 PFShaquille 1993-94 O’Neal 0.60 STL% MIA 11.9 0.44 1999-00 5.3 SAS 20.8 0.59Shaquille 27.0 BLK% O’Neal SF 0.25 9.5 LAL 13.6 TO% 1998-99 5.5 C 0.01 0.51 38.0Dwyane Wade 0.61 C LAL 13.1 USG% 0.38 15.6 3.9Tracy 25.2 0.58 McGrady 3.0 OWS 0.13 8.6 C 2.4 17.3 2008-09 0.58 8.0 DWS 0.43 36.4Shaquille 0.02 10.4 O’Neal 2002-03 MIA 2.4 WS 0.00 3.7 0.58 0.56 2000-01 ORL 33.7 18.5Chris SG 5.0 11.6 Paul WS/48 0.50 LAL 2.4 2.4 0.00 SG 24.1 28.6 OBPM 8.8Kevin 0.57 Durant 9.6 0.56 11.5 C 11.1 1.7 3.0 DBPM 0.56 34.7 19.7 11.0 0.16Michael 16.1 Jordan 3.5 BPM 13.1 1.9 0.25 0.44 34.1 0.57 20.3 24.8 41.8 VORP 2013-14 2008-09Michael 8.7 0.40 Jordan 33.8 3.6 0.4 1986-87 12.6 NOH OKC 0.00 11.6 PER 3.5 12.4 22.6 15.2Shaquille 1.1 CHI O’Neal PG 0.68 14.8 SF 4.6 1992-93 18.3 13.7 2.2 32.9 2001-02 12.9 33.6 SGShaquille 1.2 CHI 30.2 6.1 O’Neal 0.60 2.1 11.3 0.64 18.0 LAL 12.2 6.5 21.6 9.8 2002-03 19.3 14.9 SG 0.56Kevin 0.14 21.2 Garnett 32.6 14.6 0.29 C LAL 2.0 14.6 2.6 11.9 20.3 0.42 0.03 24.8 14.4 0.48 0.56David 6.2 0.31 Robinson 5.4 33.7 2.3 7.8 C 13.8 0.6 0.43 0.59 4.7 0.32 2003-04 32.1 0.12 12.3 9.5Michael 2.8 20.3 1995-96 Jordan 2.2 1.7 18.1 MIN 1.1 14.7 0.28 0.00 19.3 0.60 4.1 6.3 5.6 SAS 9.8LeBron 40.3 0.32 14.6 James 33.5 5.4 PF 0.58 5.3 1995-96 9.4 0.00 30.0 17.9 0.32 4.3 4.9 14.6 C 13.3 18.8 18.6LeBron CHI James 27.8 0.60 10.8 0.55 5.2 3.5 13.3 0.32 3.0 10.9 19.0 2013-14 9.3 2.3 8.9 SGDavid 9.9 0.59 32.0 Robinson 0.03 2.2 11.4 19.8 3.6 9.2 MIA 10.8 0.8 8.7 15.1 5.2 9.9 0.29 2007-08 10.0 21.6 0.29 32.0 0.58Russell 0.01 1994-95 Westbrook 12.4 PF 12.2 2014-15 0.29 CLE 10.0 2.8 31.2 0.60 18.5 7.4 1.8 SAS 13.0 0.14 21.6 OKCCharles 26.7 1.5 9.1 32.4 4.2 Barkley 54.5 SF 13.3 0.65 2.4 9.8 4.9 16.3 11.8 9.7 PG 0.36 4.5 0.30 12.3 11.7 C 0.1Dwyane 11.6 11.6 9.8 14.0 Wade 0.23 1990-91 10.8 0.57 31.71 22.2 16.5 6.7 0.54 1.7 7.2 14.5 8.4 11.6 5.6 3.9 10.5 0.43 31.67 16.4 30.0 PHI 25.2 7.0 0.60 0.27 0.22 36.2 24.2 12.4 0.8 9.7 0.20 20.0 2006-07 9.8 0.30 SF 0.47 16.2 0.01 2.7 3.6 18.6 1.9 3.6 31.6 0.45 9.8 35.2 MIA 0.30 1.5 20.1 0.9 10.3 14.9 3.7 0.57 0.3 31.63 9.8 4.2 18.4 10.6 0.64 SG 0.28 4.9 9.0 31.59 2.8 8.3 5.9 11.1 12.6 0.8 13.2 4.4 31.46 0.13 2.3 18.9 9.1 12.2 24.4 0.58 10.1 10.2 13.5 6.8 14.6 4.1 0.26 1.3 0.56 12.0 3.9 6.2 2.9 14.7 3.0 12.5 0.08 17.8 31.18 16.7 33.0 2.7 4.5 11.5 27.5 31.14 9.1 2.0 11.8 0.56 21.2 14.9 22.6 16.1 0.23 10.0 1.9 10.9 4.2 8.4 6.2 7.1 11.1 14.8 0.25 3.5 11.4 0.26 13.3 11.0 3.2 11.4 31.11 32.0 38.3 31.8 18.6 3.1 16.2 4.0 8.7 10.9 34.7 4.4 6.4 37.3 5.0 5.7 0.1 30.2 7.6 47.0 11.9 5.7 9.7 9.8 2.2 11.2 9.2 15.3 19.2 13.7 10.6 10.5 12.0 18.3 1.0 30.81 30.74 10.2 2.0 9.8 5.0 2.4 30.66 0.30 6.3 3.0 9.3 0.29 4.0 5.2 29.6 –0.1 20.6 1.6 2.2 7.3 0.8 16.9 3.0 8.4 10.7 28.8 30.65 13.2 17.2 3.6 2.1 8.4 10.4 0.25 13.2 9.7 0.5 9.1 2.2 14.4 7.3 0.26 40.5 0.27 5.9 33.3 11.1 9.7 30.55 0.25 8.0 11.4 31.0 14.3 8.0 8.7 30.36 0.4 7.2 14.2 6.8 2.1 3.0 0.8 11.1 18.3 5.5 8.3 33.5 30.27 5.5 38.4 12.3 18.3 30.23 0.27 6.2 29.9 8.8 11.2 12.6 0.6 0.29 10.7 2.5 3.7 1.5 20.4 1.2 7.5 10.7 10.0 0.8 4.9 29.1 8.5 15.9 4.6 0.32 8.6 15.3 29.96 4.3 3.2 7.0 9.5 6.7 0.26 15.2 29.82 10.3 6.3 34.7 10.6 5.0 8.8 7.2 17.5 0.24 5.5 3.1 8.9 4.9 0.22 8.0 0.27 29.78 5.3 5.9 13.4 29.68 9.9 29.70 1.4 9.0 29.49 9.2 0.26 8.8 4.1 2.9 0.9 9.8 8.6 2.3 8.8 8.5 9.0 29.44 8.9 2.2 4.3 29.41 0.22 8.3 11.2 11.0 8.0 0.9 29.35 8.4 10.1 6.5 29.30 7.6 29.14 9.9 8.1 29.06 1.9 29.13 7.4 8.4 28.93 5.1 28.91 42 S. Pradhan / Ranking regular seasons in the NBA’s Modern Era using grey relational analysis ) 79 51 90 06 12 57 60 85 27 97 75 53 06 54 09 24 20 58 63 92 31 02 76 59 17 11 29 59 43 06 77 31 ...... 628 827 928 927 027 027 227 127 227 527 327 128 028 627 627 727 328 727 027 927 527 028 827 428 428 227 628 327 127 528 127 528 ...... Continued ( 63 28 07 57 35 34 94 76 86 68 86 68 67 76 17 96 66 79 08 57 06 48 48 76 45 96 89 77 08 48 39 88 ...... 84 99 110 28 97 36 43 36 17 18 55 78 26 15 39 76 06 49 79 67 47 48 09 26 95 97 79 47 410 48 49 38 ...... 80 30 91 86 22 44 93 50 41 74 52 3–1 91 41 8–0 92 21 61 34 30 91 71 05 42 50 50 00 01 21 62 04 51 ...... 22 3 24 7 28 8 23 7 26 3 27 6 25 2 20 2 26 3 28 5 27 3 24 6 22 7 27 6 25 5 28 5 24 6 25 5 25 5 25 5 25 8 24 5 26 5 23 3 22 7 28 6 23 4 27 7 27 8 29 6 25 7 26 4 ...... 20 00 80 30 90 70 10 00 60 30 80 60 30 70 90 70 60 30 90 10 70 40 40 80 00 30 00 50 30 90 00 00 ...... 410 014 815 617 316 913 116 213 98 814 516 013 315 715 617 816 317 013 515 415 016 316 214 316 015 613 018 414 514 217 318 617 ...... 47 73 04 23 24 04 06 65 97 13 93 84 86 35 63 15 14 54 64 74 55 16 43 24 14 98 54 35 64 03 14 65 ...... 69 96 610 211 713 612 77 711 75 14 210 911 77 510 711 712 012 013 49 910 610 110 713 510 812 87 98 213 99 611 013 813 ...... 726 832 924 831 230 125 733 124 132 329 831 328 528 029 831 038 831 229 930 231 431 032 227 226 232 931 428 234 233 431 530 729 ...... 213 610 013 616 110 112 510 412 311 311 810 010 79 513 313 79 58 510 17 513 911 013 612 915 513 711 512 412 17 59 513 613 ...... ) 34 06 94 41 90 11 90 01 17 01 35 25 24 01 45 11 40 01 24 02 01 41 91 12 61 61 71 46 72 41 32 92 ...... Table A2 31 92 50 62 62 72 23 82 33 52 41 31 21 51 81 91 92 12 73 01 71 02 91 21 12 11 02 91 82 42 22 71 Continued ...... ( 613 010 713 715 449 025 252 832 711 824 017 817 424 27 817 215 434 624 525 711 214 836 120 113 327 414 733 120 715 836 821 821 ...... 717 719 017 016 112 314 817 36 19 017 216 619 918 812 115 914 718 711 77 39 718 414 811 716 017 220 817 68 918 17 28 311 ...... 321 624 124 420 118 622 324 512 410 617 224 524 227 625 021 221 323 023 318 612 515 523 623 718 124 324 530 020 525 511 213 820 ...... 54 13 57 12 59 11 63 13 40 6 27 4 56 8 57 4 30 2 45 2 52 11 44 8 50 10 48 11 36 2 57 8 41 5 62 12 45 3 38 2 33 3 53 13 38 4 35 4 50 7 56 9 40 9 74 14 36 10 47 4 30 4 52 1 ...... 00 0 01 0 00 0 08 0 20 0 24 0 14 0 00 0 05 0 19 0 21 0 01 0 01 0 01 0 00 0 35 0 03 0 13 0 00 0 19 0 24 0 06 0 00 0 17 0 01 0 03 0 02 0 12 0 01 0 16 0 16 0 23 0 ...... 59 0 62 0 59 0 66 0 59 0 55 0 61 0 63 0 60 0 58 0 58 0 57 0 60 0 60 0 53 0 56 0 63 0 66 0 61 0 58 0 59 0 56 0 58 0 61 0 59 0 58 0 57 0 67 0 58 0 56 0 57 0 65 0 ...... Shaquille O’Neal 1994-95 ORL C 0 David Robinson 1990-91 SAS C 0 Shaquille O’Neal 1997-98 LAL C 0 Charles Barkley 1989-90 PHI SF 0 LeBron James 2015-16 CLE SF 0 Russell Westbrook 2015-16 OKC PG 0 Larry Bird 1987-88 BOS SF 0 Karl Malone 1989-90 UTA PF 0 Karl Malone 1997-98 UTA PF 0 Dwyane Wade 2005-06 MIA SG 0 Chris Paul 2007-08 NOH PG 0 LeBron James 2005-06 CLE SF 0 David Robinson 1991-92 SAS C 0 PlayerStephen CurryKarl Malone 2014-15 GSW PG 1996-97 SN UTA 0.64 PF 0.48 TM 0.25 POS 0 TS% 2.4 3PAr FTr 11.4 ORB% DRB% TRB% 7.0 AST% STL% 38.6 BLK% TO% USG% 3.0 OWS DWS WS 0.5 WS/48 OBPM 14.3 DBPM BPM 28.9 VORP 11.5 PER 4.1 15.7 0.29 9.6 0.3 9.9 7.9 27.98 Tim Duncan 2003-04 SAS PF 0 Shaquille O’Neal 1996-97 LAL C 0 Kevin Durant 2015-16 OKC SF 0 Amar’e Stoudemire 2007-08 PHO C 0 Dirk Nowitzki 2006-07 DAL PF 0 David Robinson 1997-98 SAS C 0 LeBron James 2010-11 MIA SF 0 Kobe Bryant 2005-06 LAL SG 0 Michael Jordan 1991-92 CHI SG 0 Shaquille O’Neal 1993-94 ORL C 0 Dirk Nowitzki 2005-06 DAL PF 0 Karl Malone 1999-00 UTA PF 0 Kevin Garnett 2004-05 MIN PF 0 Charles Barkley 1987-88 PHI PF 0 Hakeem Olajuwon 1992-93 HOU C 0 Dwyane Wade 2009-10 MIA SG 0 Michael Jordan 1996-97 CHI SG 0 Kevin Durant 2012-13 OKC SF 0 S. Pradhan / Ranking regular seasons in the NBA’s Modern Era using grey relational analysis 43 17 46 04 06 35 92 64 16 03 03 38 24 04 05 12 31 55 90 38 60 81 96 98 01 21 10 54 38 77 95 20 07 47 37 70 93 ...... 126 826 727 026 426 226 926 826 226 427 526 026 427 326 926 426 526 326 726 526 426 226 325 127 626 326 426 626 426 726 626 926 926 026 826 626 ...... 47 31 44 85 56 38 43 15 36 17 28 86 95 75 73 33 36 47 52 58 97 35 68 67 16 58 55 35 64 89 24 75 53 79 47 47 ...... 36 02 56 94 86 49 03 25 88 98 19 57 17 44 94 86 66 28 13 09 05 87 27 17 48 57 37 14 35 39 55 75 24 78 08 27 ...... 10 42 94 93 73 91 40 90 52 20 12 30 0–0 1–1 92 51 62 21 31 61 34 93 42 05 12 43 20 4–1 32 51 70 01 32 03 41 34 ...... 21 6 22 0 25 1 24 0 24 2 27 7 24 3 24 4 28 5 26 7 24 7 25 7 28 8 20 6 17 1 23 4 25 7 17 2 27 8 18 1 26 3 24 5 23 2 24 6 24 4 29 7 23 3 22 5 21 3 25 8 23 4 25 4 21 2 23 5 27 7 25 3 ...... 90 40 20 40 10 10 60 10 70 90 20 70 70 00 90 70 30 50 70 80 90 40 00 70 90 90 80 40 00 10 20 60 40 60 40 50 ...... 014 47 711 714 215 016 314 016 513 815 815 512 312 213 87 97 714 816 610 117 06 015 813 215 914 413 514 715 611 916 712 215 210 815 216 916 ...... 04 03 55 77 97 14 33 15 35 13 44 42 82 13 82 63 83 15 77 93 45 36 23 55 05 63 35 73 44 22 53 35 23 85 24 56 ...... 911 54 95 26 67 312 311 011 88 312 510 310 610 34 810 812 74 75 010 83 410 96 19 510 59 610 79 911 56 413 38 710 27 49 312 09 ...... 432 333 328 227 326 424 128 732 825 926 427 824 933 831 328 924 732 731 729 032 728 027 427 228 325 722 327 929 430 024 031 128 325 926 931 928 ...... 411 514 79 916 513 418 010 911 312 210 910 111 010 716 214 911 312 411 811 715 37 114 413 711 711 413 99 111 012 314 214 99 78 811 614 212 ...... ) 81 64 15 94 26 30 33 81 21 80 80 73 01 20 43 45 04 94 01 20 82 35 10 91 92 80 44 12 85 01 82 72 06 82 61 95 ...... 22 30 11 81 72 71 51 62 83 51 32 41 52 82 22 31 90 92 22 02 81 73 71 21 53 11 91 70 02 51 31 02 81 62 50 62 Table A2 ...... Continued ( 327 012 416 86 58 013 828 843 225 727 721 245 417 617 018 815 916 747 813 818 052 725 620 746 813 36 815 916 817 014 68 825 534 019 27 748 ...... 39 716 219 621 818 911 212 45 58 68 518 810 520 115 918 217 616 79 411 018 07 614 719 56 914 219 817 317 411 014 316 518 28 319 413 011 ...... 515 728 630 724 817 119 39 813 611 529 214 630 323 625 124 624 013 718 827 812 022 929 810 319 521 422 521 920 624 023 628 814 927 224 517 618 ...... 37 3 44 10 88 12 50 3 30 5 34 2 44 2 36 5 45 8 56 5 50 10 35 7 47 9 50 11 58 8 48 5 31 4 50 9 29 1 26 6 41 8 38 2 40 9 45 17 70 12 66 14 39 1 49 3 44 10 34 8 56 2 46 9 50 7 64 11 60 8 50 4 ...... 17 0 01 0 01 0 21 0 15 0 24 0 23 0 07 0 36 0 24 0 01 0 01 0 01 0 00 0 01 0 03 0 27 0 01 0 30 0 07 0 03 0 27 0 00 0 00 0 00 0 13 0 27 0 16 0 01 0 05 0 38 0 02 0 00 0 00 0 01 0 17 0 ...... 54 0 62 0 61 0 61 0 58 0 58 0 56 0 59 0 62 0 56 0 56 0 58 0 57 0 61 0 60 0 62 0 58 0 58 0 59 0 59 0 59 0 58 0 58 0 58 0 65 0 61 0 58 0 58 0 55 0 61 0 56 0 55 0 60 0 60 0 62 0 63 0 ...... PlayerTim Duncan 2004-05 SAS SN PF 0 TM POS TS% 3PAr FTr ORB% DRB% TRB% AST% STL% BLK% TO% USG% OWS DWS WS WS/48 OBPM DBPM BPM VORP PER Kevin Durant 2009-10 OKC SF 0 Larry Bird 1986-87 BOS SF 0 Chris Paul 2011-12 LAC PG 0 Kobe Bryant 2006-07 LAL SG 0 Dwyane Wade 2011-12 MIA SG 0 2013-14 MIN PF 0 1989-90 LAL PG 0 DeMarcus Cousins 2013-14 SAC C 0 Hakeem Olajuwon 1994-95 HOU C 0 Tim Duncan 2001-02 SAS PF 0 Shaquille O’Neal 1995-96 ORL C 0 Karl Malone 1992-93 UTA PF 0 Magic Johnson 1986-87 LAL PG 0 2015-16 SAS SF 0 Tim Duncan 2006-07 SAS C 0 Chris Paul 2015-16 LAC PG 0 Larry Bird 1984-85 BOS SF 0 Kevin Garnett 2005-06 MIN PF 0 Chris Paul 2012-13 LAC PG 0 2005-06 LAC PF 0 1981-82 HOU C 0 Shaquille O’Neal 2004-05 MIA C 0 Charles Barkley 1988-89 PHI PF 0 Kevin Durant 2011-12 OKC SF 0 Dirk Nowitzki 2004-05 DAL PF 0 2013-14 NOP C 0 Kevin Garnett 2002-03 MIN PF 0 2014-15 HOU SG 0 Tim Duncan 2002-03 SAS PF 0 Kobe Bryant 2002-03 LAL SG 0 2010-11 ORL C 0 2006-07 HOU C 0 David Robinson 1989-90 SAS C 0 Amar’e Stoudemire 2004-05 PHO C 0 Magic Johnson 1988-89 LAL PG 0 44 S. Pradhan / Ranking regular seasons in the NBA’s Modern Era using grey relational analysis ) 50 40 52 78 75 58 63 66 50 63 1 49 83 57 65 67 36 51 00 29 75 64 47 37 77 72 65 90 ...... 21 0 42 0 92 0 25 0 17 0 58 0 71 0 13 0 25 0 63 0 96 0 92 0 437 00 0 38 0 88 0 67 0 58 0 54 0 33 0 38 1 46 0 71 0 38 0 25 0 71 0 33 0 75 0 ...... Continued ( 43 0 37 0 27 0 63 0 30 0 70 0 50 0 57 0 30 0 50 0 53 0 33 0 33 0 33 0 41 47 1 47 0 47 0 33 0 67 0 60 0 60 0 37 0 47 0 60 0 40 0 63 0 00 0 ...... 73 0 64 1 34 0 02 0 16 0 20 0 05 0 73 0 52 0 16 0 14 0 61 0 66 0 27 0 16 0 20 0 51 18 0 14 0 23 0 23 0 09 0 48 0 43 0 32 0 00 0 16 0 36 0 ...... 11 0 46 0 46 0 39 0 00 0 61 0 89 0 82 0 43 0 36 0 07 0 86 0 32 0 07 0 04 0 64 0 54 0 43 0 24 46 0 86 0 46 0 50 0 64 0 39 0 07 0 89 0 86 0 ...... 31 0 85 0 11 0 38 0 32 0 10 0 42 1 48 0 59 0 38 0 45 0 17 0 18 0 38 0 38 0 23 0 24 0 55 0 44 0 64 0 83 53 0 45 0 53 0 53 0 28 0 34 0 17 0 ...... 93 0 64 0 14 0 17 0 64 0 26 0 64 0 59 0 17 0 16 0 40 0 22 0 30 0 77 0 68 0 28 0 34 0 82 0 90 0 13 0 39 0 33 0 712 40 0 30 0 36 0 39 0 27 0 ...... 40 0 24 0 00 0 54 0 04 0 23 0 50 0 25 0 60 0 60 0 11 0 21 0 41 0 21 0 38 0 68 0 54 0 26 0 48 0 74 0 81 0 13 0 44 0 44 0 914 49 0 28 0 43 0 ...... 20 0 20 0 39 1 47 0 23 0 06 0 52 0 17 0 39 0 31 0 19 0 06 0 20 0 14 0 09 0 53 0 53 0 19 0 03 0 53 0 59 0 09 0 16 0 06 0 910 13 0 19 0 13 0 ...... 55 0 82 0 73 0 21 0 87 0 89 0 17 0 73 0 63 0 76 0 84 0 98 0 85 0 86 0 64 0 66 0 35 0 83 0 91 0 11 0 14 0 67 0 68 0 67 0 916 6 64 0 85 0 70 0 ...... 69 0 43 0 17 0 73 0 87 0 28 0 67 0 62 0 83 0 29 0 71 0 10 0 63 0 45 0 38 0 65 0 74 0 35 0 64 0 00 0 70 0 63 0 44 0 67 0 10 31 0 48 0 58 0 ...... 54 0 44 0 10 0 32 0 00 0 30 0 25 0 60 0 76 0 25 0 78 0 11 0 70 0 49 0 29 0 59 0 44 0 35 0 76 0 44 1 25 0 57 0 37 0 62 0 213 22 0 52 0 54 0 ...... 36 0 40 0 27 0 71 0 17 1 42 0 69 0 29 0 31 0 46 0 47 0 00 0 52 0 53 0 89 0 35 0 68 0 34 0 60 0 67 0 68 0 35 0 57 0 51 0 63 10 85 0 54 0 43 0 ...... 41 0 27 0 27 0 69 0 19 0 38 0 67 0 13 0 30 0 46 0 50 0 61 1 54 0 53 0 92 0 34 0 65 0 32 0 51 0 65 0 66 0 37 0 55 0 58 0 64 0 81 0 51 0 44 0 ...... 54 0 42 0 43 0 48 0 00 0 72 0 49 0 48 0 36 0 52 0 18 0 98 0 33 0 31 0 73 0 56 0 49 0 23 0 67 0 43 0 32 0 46 0 57 0 66 0 70 68 0 33 0 64 0 ...... 52 0 60 0 59 0 70 0 00 0 31 0 67 0 48 0 67 0 56 0 98 0 06 0 81 0 83 0 45 0 47 0 67 0 83 0 41 0 74 0 87 0 59 0 52 0 44 0 28 48 0 80 0 41 0 ...... 63 0 85 0 51 0 00 0 36 1 73 0 00 0 77 0 69 0 17 0 26 0 91 0 55 0 62 0 76 0 67 0 00 0 70 0 78 0 00 0 00 0 63 0 72 0 67 0 513 81 0 75 0 69 0 ...... Table A3 43 0 29 0 04 0 00 0 07 0 21 0 00 0 54 0 04 0 02 0 05 0 00 0 11 0 10 0 36 0 01 0 00 0 26 0 54 0 00 0 00 0 31 0 21 0 46 0 20 29 0 27 0 42 0 ...... 29 0 27 0 02 0 00 0 02 0 16 0 00 0 45 0 02 0 00 0 02 0 00 1 06 0 08 0 29 0 00 0 00 0 20 0 47 0 00 0 00 0 22 0 18 0 33 0 111 27 0 22 0 31 0 ...... 33 0 39 0 42 0 87 0 32 0 44 0 86 0 18 0 46 0 62 0 62 0 45 1 64 0 65 0 81 0 51 0 85 0 39 0 44 0 83 0 85 0 37 0 60 0 44 0 60 5 79 0 57 0 36 0 ...... 38 0 33 0 53 0 61 0 00 0 75 0 62 0 23 0 46 0 65 0 22 0 49 0 36 0 35 0 65 0 71 0 62 0 13 0 45 0 55 0 43 0 37 0 57 0 49 0 20 64 0 24 0 51 0 ...... 63 0 71 0 52 0 63 0 00 0 29 0 60 0 69 0 61 0 47 0 95 0 57 0 80 0 83 0 55 0 37 0 60 0 91 0 61 0 68 0 83 0 65 0 55 0 56 0 412 56 0 89 0 51 0 ...... Normalized grey relational degrees for traditional performance indicators 21 0 48 0 31 0 63 0 25 1 40 0 76 0 31 0 20 0 63 0 21 0 82 0 23 0 54 0 48 0 56 0 47 0 32 0 40 0 30 0 25 0 39 0 50 0 35 0 413 46 0 35 0 48 0 ...... 76 0 00 0 00 0 53 0 00 0 88 0 95 0 76 0 94 0 59 0 00 0 91 0 97 0 00 0 85 0 00 0 53 0 88 0 97 0 76 0 91 0 91 0 85 0 82 0 00 32 82 0 00 0 97 0 ...... 79 0 00 1 00 1 56 0 00 1 88 0 95 0 79 0 94 0 59 0 00 1 91 0 97 0 00 1 85 0 00 1 56 0 88 0 97 0 76 0 91 0 91 0 85 0 82 0 00 1 82 0 00 1 97 0 ...... LeBron James 2007-08 CLE SF 0 Michael Jordan 1995-96 CHI SG 1 Kevin Garnett 2003-04 MIN PF 1 Shaquille O’Neal 2001-02 LAL C 0 Michael Jordan 1986-87 CHI SG 1 Chris Paul 2008-09 NOH PG 0 Shaquille O’Neal 1998-99 LAL C 0 Tracy McGrady 2002-03 ORL SG 0 David Robinson 1993-94 SAS C 0 Anthony Davis 2014-15 NOP PF 0 Michael Jordan 1987-88 CHI SG 1 Stephen Curry 2015-16 GSW PG 0 Michael Jordan 1988-89 CHI SG 0 Michael Jordan 1990-91 CHI SG 1 LeBron James 2013-14 MIA PF 0 David Robinson 1995-96 SAS C 1 Shaquille O’Neal 2002-03 LAL C 0 Michael Jordan 1992-93 CHI SG 0 Kevin Durant 2013-14 OKC SF 0 Shaquille O’Neal 2000-01 LAL C 0 Shaquille O’Neal 1999-00 LAL C 0 Dwyane Wade 2008-09 MIA SG 0 LeBron James 2011-12 MIA SF 0 LeBron James 2009-10 CLE SF 0 PlayerReference Series (RF) SN TM POS GP% 1 GS% MP FGM FGA FG% 3PM 3PA 3P% 2PM 2PA 2P% eFG% FT FTA FT% ORB DRB TRB AST STL BLK TO PF PTS LeBron James 2012-13 MIA PF 0 Michael Jordan 1989-90 CHI SG 1 LeBron James 2008-09 CLE SF 0 S. Pradhan / Ranking regular seasons in the NBA’s Modern Era using grey relational analysis 45 ) 46 49 43 42 56 38 65 64 50 34 56 72 55 61 52 56 1 55 70 46 31 41 33 51 63 23 92 48 26 48 21 61 53 52 53 ...... 42 0 50 0 13 0 71 0 25 0 79 0 13 0 67 0 54 0 71 0 38 0 75 0 79 0 63 0 83 0 13 0 63 0 25 0 437 46 0 25 0 04 0 25 0 04 0 54 0 38 0 79 0 42 0 38 0 58 0 54 0 75 0 63 0 21 0 50 0 ...... Continued ( 53 0 60 0 50 0 43 0 50 0 27 0 37 0 37 0 20 0 77 0 63 0 53 0 47 0 43 0 30 0 37 0 30 0 57 0 07 0 50 0 41 00 0 23 0 40 0 57 0 73 0 03 0 27 0 80 0 53 0 43 0 37 0 57 0 83 0 63 0 ...... 30 0 00 0 11 0 52 0 70 0 09 0 64 0 11 0 86 0 11 0 27 0 16 0 18 0 16 0 18 0 02 0 25 0 16 0 27 0 64 0 25 0 52 0 51 02 0 11 0 93 0 00 0 45 0 05 0 16 0 09 0 57 0 07 0 23 0 20 0 ...... 11 0 50 0 39 0 82 0 36 0 18 0 46 0 43 0 18 0 43 0 39 0 36 0 32 0 11 0 68 0 43 0 29 0 57 0 21 0 43 0 36 0 18 0 61 0 11 0 24 61 0 39 0 50 0 68 1 14 0 57 0 54 0 46 0 18 0 50 0 ...... 14 0 30 0 15 0 47 0 40 0 90 0 30 0 14 0 16 0 27 0 18 0 51 0 13 0 49 0 19 0 20 0 43 0 43 0 25 0 57 0 34 0 47 0 31 0 12 0 55 0 12 0 83 64 0 15 0 21 0 14 0 04 0 80 0 48 0 28 0 ...... 19 0 21 0 63 0 15 0 49 0 11 0 89 0 04 0 57 0 70 0 65 0 59 0 80 0 35 0 85 0 34 0 75 0 48 0 25 0 51 0 60 0 06 0 41 0 31 0 39 0 86 0 10 0 70 0 712 33 0 68 0 85 0 77 0 50 0 38 0 ...... 49 0 39 0 18 0 20 0 55 0 19 0 59 0 08 0 95 0 04 0 58 0 55 0 63 0 43 0 73 0 45 0 75 0 39 0 53 0 55 0 30 0 61 0 64 0 09 0 59 0 40 0 55 0 70 0 10 0 63 0 914 31 0 68 0 84 0 69 0 ...... 47 0 52 0 28 0 20 0 14 0 14 0 44 0 06 0 14 0 14 0 39 0 05 0 30 0 58 0 38 0 53 0 52 0 08 0 56 0 16 0 67 0 17 0 09 0 14 0 28 0 03 0 02 0 06 0 02 0 66 0 08 0 47 0 910 22 0 36 0 ...... 66 0 70 0 53 0 76 0 77 0 71 0 82 0 60 0 85 0 97 0 66 0 77 0 86 0 65 0 16 0 69 0 57 0 05 0 65 0 66 0 59 0 64 0 97 0 82 0 00 0 66 0 00 0 96 0 61 0 98 0 20 0 76 0 15 0 916 6 82 0 ...... 78 0 31 0 46 0 51 0 34 0 73 0 31 0 54 0 67 0 36 0 55 0 28 0 08 0 47 0 74 0 71 0 63 0 58 0 47 0 60 0 26 0 87 0 33 0 36 0 20 1 67 0 00 1 30 0 69 0 57 0 71 0 71 0 81 0 10 63 0 ...... 73 0 24 0 30 0 49 0 30 0 71 0 32 0 43 0 76 0 44 0 48 0 24 0 05 0 40 0 30 0 67 0 51 0 10 0 40 0 52 0 13 0 79 0 40 0 35 0 25 0 62 0 00 0 37 0 59 0 71 0 30 0 73 0 33 0 213 67 0 ...... 64 0 42 0 55 0 78 0 19 0 25 0 35 0 32 0 21 0 34 0 26 0 28 0 39 0 54 0 73 0 44 0 77 0 58 0 49 0 55 0 55 0 85 0 42 0 41 0 58 0 43 0 79 0 67 0 34 0 59 0 82 0 27 0 74 0 63 10 00 0 ...... 61 0 42 0 54 0 80 0 26 0 31 0 28 0 31 0 14 0 22 0 29 0 28 0 33 0 55 0 72 0 42 0 88 0 57 0 53 0 54 0 65 0 97 0 32 0 42 0 50 0 41 0 40 0 62 0 34 0 46 0 80 0 30 0 71 0 64 0 00 0 ...... 42 0 41 0 62 0 66 0 72 0 50 0 41 0 68 0 34 0 60 0 57 0 58 0 77 0 44 0 38 0 49 0 65 0 42 0 64 0 57 0 66 0 70 0 66 0 30 0 44 0 49 0 00 0 79 0 48 0 73 0 40 0 53 0 43 0 70 51 0 ...... ) 74 0 66 0 48 0 51 0 27 0 52 0 62 0 33 0 63 0 38 0 44 0 43 0 24 0 69 0 84 0 59 0 55 0 72 0 44 0 53 0 47 0 50 0 36 0 80 0 66 0 58 0 00 1 29 0 57 0 31 0 84 0 49 0 77 0 28 41 0 ...... 74 0 00 0 25 0 32 0 59 0 34 0 75 0 50 0 69 0 81 0 60 0 48 0 74 0 00 0 00 0 60 0 57 0 00 0 66 0 29 0 62 0 56 0 83 0 54 0 83 0 67 0 89 0 78 0 67 0 83 0 00 0 53 0 00 0 513 60 0 Table A3 ...... Continued ( 04 0 01 0 01 0 04 0 38 0 09 0 32 0 01 0 58 0 29 0 29 0 03 0 28 0 02 0 01 0 02 0 21 0 01 0 31 0 01 0 33 0 18 0 20 0 12 0 28 0 01 0 72 0 60 0 43 0 37 0 00 0 13 0 00 0 20 38 0 ...... 04 0 00 0 00 0 02 0 25 0 04 0 27 0 00 0 45 0 27 0 18 0 02 0 24 0 00 0 00 0 02 0 14 0 00 0 24 0 00 0 22 0 12 0 18 0 06 0 25 0 00 0 71 0 51 0 31 0 33 0 00 0 08 0 00 0 111 25 0 ...... 78 0 59 0 71 0 94 0 16 0 39 0 34 0 49 0 14 0 31 0 29 0 43 0 35 0 71 0 90 0 59 0 82 0 75 0 48 0 72 0 54 0 92 0 43 0 53 0 58 0 59 0 35 0 45 0 31 0 48 0 99 0 37 0 90 0 60 5 00 0 ...... 51 0 53 0 77 0 80 0 62 0 58 0 30 0 85 0 04 0 54 0 53 0 72 0 75 0 55 0 49 0 60 0 67 0 54 0 58 0 71 0 59 0 76 0 68 0 33 0 37 0 62 0 71 0 55 0 30 0 65 0 53 0 57 0 56 0 20 37 0 ...... 69 0 59 0 37 0 41 0 31 0 45 0 71 0 21 0 84 0 45 0 45 0 32 0 27 0 61 0 79 0 51 0 53 0 65 0 49 0 44 0 51 0 47 0 36 0 79 0 76 0 49 0 31 0 51 0 69 0 41 0 79 0 45 0 71 0 412 47 0 ...... 44 0 30 0 48 0 85 0 80 0 39 0 46 0 87 0 15 0 44 0 61 0 44 0 49 0 58 0 54 0 45 0 51 0 44 0 37 0 48 0 68 0 29 0 62 0 37 0 35 0 50 0 97 0 66 0 00 0 40 0 27 0 46 0 61 0 413 80 0 ...... 00 0 00 0 59 0 91 0 94 0 79 0 00 0 74 0 94 0 97 0 85 0 00 0 94 0 00 0 91 0 97 0 56 0 09 0 91 0 97 0 82 0 94 0 88 0 94 0 79 0 97 0 94 0 71 0 91 0 97 0 97 0 06 0 26 0 00 32 56 0 ...... 00 1 00 1 59 0 91 0 94 0 79 0 00 1 74 0 94 0 97 0 85 0 00 1 94 0 00 1 91 0 97 0 56 0 09 0 91 0 00 0 82 0 94 0 88 0 94 0 82 0 97 0 94 0 71 0 91 0 97 0 97 0 09 0 35 0 00 1 56 0 ...... Karl Malone 1989-90 UTA PF 1 Hakeem Olajuwon 1992-93 HOU C 1 David Robinson 1991-92 SAS C 0 Amar’e Stoudemire 2007-08 PHO C 0 Russell Westbrook 2015-16 OKC PG 0 Dwyane Wade 2005-06 MIA SG 0 Michael Jordan 1996-97 CHI SG 1 David Robinson 1997-98 SAS C 0 Kobe Bryant 2005-06 LAL SG 0 Dirk Nowitzki 2005-06 DAL PF 0 Dwyane Wade 2009-10 MIA SG 0 Kevin Garnett 2004-05 MIN PF 1 Chris Paul 2007-08 NOH PG 0 Karl Malone 1996-97 UTA PF 1 Shaquille O’Neal 1994-95 ORL C 0 David Robinson 1994-95 SAS C 0 Charles Barkley 1990-91 PHI SF 0 Shaquille O’Neal 1996-97 LAL C 0 LeBron James 2010-11 MIA SF 0 David Robinson 1990-91 SAS C 1 LeBron James 2015-16 CLE SF 0 Charles Barkley 1987-88 PHI PF 0 Dirk Nowitzki 2006-07 DAL PF 0 Michael Jordan 1991-92 CHI SG 0 Larry Bird 1987-88 BOS SF 0 Karl Malone 1997-98 UTA PF 0 Stephen Curry 2014-15 GSW PG 0 Kevin Durant 2015-16 OKC SF 0 LeBron James 2005-06 CLE SF 0 Kevin Durant 2012-13 OKC SF 0 Shaquille O’Neal 1993-94 ORL C 0 Dwyane Wade 2006-07 MIA SG 0 Shaquille O’Neal 1997-98 LAL C 0 PlayerReference Series (RF) SN TM POS GP% 1 GS% MP FGM FGA FG% 3PM 3PA 3P% 2PM 2PA 2P% eFG% FT FTA FT% ORB DRB TRB AST STL BLK TO PF PTS Russell Westbrook 2014-15 OKC PG 0 46 S. Pradhan / Ranking regular seasons in the NBA’s Modern Era using grey relational analysis ) Table A3 Continued ( PlayerReference Series (RF)Charles BarkleyKarl MaloneTim Duncan 1989-90Tim Duncan PHIChris SN Paul 1999-00 SFMagic Johnson UTA TM 2003-04 0.91Tim Duncan SAS PF 0.91 2004-05 POSCharles Barkley 0.34 SAS GP% 1.00 PF 1.00 1986-87Shaquille GS% O’Neal 0.40 2011-12 1.00 LAL MP 1.00 0.62 PFTim 0.83 LAC Duncan 0.65 FGM 32.4 1988-89 0.59 2001-02 0.99 0.53 PG 0.44Magic FGA Johnson 13.4 2004-05 PG 0.58 PHI SAS FG% 0.06 0.53 0.63 0.94 MIAKevin 12.2 Love 0.36 3PM 0.78 0.11 0.90 0.47 0.94 3PA PF 0.60 PF 0.43Kevin 0.69 0.78 Garnett 0.25 3P% 0.00 0.61 C 0.48 2002-03 0.43 0.60 1.00 5.1 0.91 2PM 1988-89Moses 0.77 0.01 0.35 Malone 0.73 SAS 2PA 0.16 0.74 0.00 LAL 0.50 1.00 11.2 0.91 0.40 0.98 0.73James 2P% Harden 0.02 0.52 0.83 0.19 0.74 0.34 0.5 0.00 eFG% 0.55 0.87 PF 0.33 PGAmar’e 2013-14 0.50 0.45 0.83 Stoudemire 0.30 0.40 0.01 2005-06 FT 13.2 0.02 0.47 0.30 MIN 0.51 0.85 0.97 0.67 0.41 MINMagic 0.25 0.61 0.80 1981-82 Johnson 0.04 FTA 0.55 8.7 0.58 2004-05 0.37 0.31 0.32 HOU 0.85 0.97 0.82 FT% 0.47 0.41 0.87 0.27Elton PF 0.63 0.64 PHO Brand 0.62 PF 0.74 2014-15 0.50 0.32 0.52 ORB 0.44 1.00 0.00 0.08 0.27 0.23 HOU 0.14 0.85Larry 0.64 DRB 0.63 0.54 C 0.21 0.39 Bird 0.61 0.01 0.82 0.19 0.00 0.86 TRB C 0.19 0.25 0.50 0.42 0.85 0.74 0.20 0.43 10.2 1989-90 0.83 0.00Anthony 0.68 SG 0.82 Davis AST 0.30 0.97 0.48 13.1 0.61 0.55 0.71 LAL 0.00 0.44 0.11 0.25 0.40 0.47 STL 0.50 1.00 0.36 0.97Yao 0.30 0.97 Ming 0.916 0.38 0.48 0.75 0.30 0.25 0.33 0.51 BLK 0.56 0.31 0.16 0.02 0.44 0.88 0.05 0.97 0.30 PG 1.00 2005-06 0.54 0.44 0.66Larry 6.9 0.46 0.06 TO 0.60 Bird 0.21 0.42 0.03 0.53 0.96 0.78 0.77 0.56 LAC 0.80 0.11 0.09 0.79 0.30 0.91 0.63 0.79 0.55 0.18 2013-14 0.41Shaquille 0.85 0.23 10.9 PF 0.20 O’Neal 0.57 0.43 0.28 1984-85 0.34 0.88 0.79 0.26 0.83 0.48 NOP 0.21 0.91 0.46 0.49 0.59 0.64 14.7 0.25 PF PTS 0.16 0.96Chris 0.02 BOS 0.62 Paul 0.80 0.53 0.55 0.18 0.48 0.66 0.18 0.03 0.59 0.52 0.41 0.14 12.8 0.68 0.04 0.24 0.85 0.51 0.91 0.34 0.18 0.08Kevin 0.00 0.75 0.53 0.71 0.74 C 0.64 0.13 Garnett 0.00 0.14 1995-96 0.53 3.2 SF 0.24 2006-07 0.00 0.59 0.42 0.01 0.16 0.91 0.51 0.46 0.34 0.00 0.11 ORL 0.00 0.44 0.86 0.41David 0.72 HOU 0.43 Robinson 0.95 0.00 0.57 0.56 0.00 0.83 0.94 0.62 1986-87 4.5 0.33 0.57 0.64 0.69 0.44 0.27 0.47 0.31 0.81 0.58 0.56 0.00 0.46 0.83 0.25Dwyane 0.75 BOS 0.53 0.49 Wade 0.83 0.85 0.35 0.42 0.75 0.40 0.27 C 1.4 0.50 C 0.09 0.82 0.33 0.25 0.80 0.25 0.09 0.67 0.72 0.39 0.30 0.00Chris 0.62 0.99 0.55 Paul 0.78 0.20 0.42 0.31 0.23 0.35 2002-03 0.61 0.26 0.86 0.17 SF 2012-13 1.4 0.18 0.25 1989-90 0.77 0.00 0.75 0.71 0.58 0.67 0.46 0.77 0.11 0.14 MIN 0.43 0.42 0.14 0.13Karl 0.21 LAC Malone 0.37 0.63 37.1 SAS 0.35 0.76 0.82 0.12 0.45 0.37 0.12 0.00 0.55 0.00 0.16 0.04 0.25 0.44 0.69 0.85 0.14 0.32Kevin 0.62 2011-12 0.64 Durant 0.88 0.79 0.53 0.40 0.74 0.00 PF 0.86 0.40 0.50 PG 0.55 0.77 0.39 0.84 0.27 0.67 MIA 0.50 0.30 0.78 0.21 C 0.68 0.67 0.19 0.53 0.39Kobe 0.00 0.38 0.14 Bryant 1.00 0.33 0.25 0.65 1.00 0.36 0.43 0.67 0.44 0.66 0.08 0.58 0.01 0.63 0.56 0.41 0.14 0.69 0.50 0.11 0.84Kevin SG 0.70 1.00 0.65 1.00 0.30 Durant 0.88 0.89 0.49 0.44 1.00 0.85 2015-16 0.84 0.05 0.49 0.64 0.51 0.52 0.80 1992-93 0.90 0.20 0.39 0.97 0.34 0.82 0.38 0.37DeMarcus LAC 0.06 0.72 0.61 Cousins 0.10 0.43 0.44 0.00 0.57 0.29 UTA 0.00 2011-12 0.00 0.43 0.58 0.66 0.26 0.50 0.36 0.67 0.41 0.38 0.38 0.23 1.00 0.00Tim 0.14 0.94 OKC 0.00 0.24 Duncan 0.36 0.36 PG 0.28 0.33 0.32 0.40 1.00 0.62 0.54 0.92 1.00 0.07 PF 0.19 0.27 0.09 2002-03 0.00 2013-14 0.27 0.17 0.30Dirk 0.76 Nowitzki 0.37 0.00 0.31 0.43 0.76 0.35 0.18 0.73 0.34 SF 0.47 LAL 0.63 0.51 0.80 0.49 SAC 2009-10 0.67 1.00 0.26 0.21 0.43 0.83 0.32 0.60Dwight 0.22 0.04 0.54 OKC 0.55 0.69 0.21 0.69 0.56 0.76 Howard 0.46 0.17 1.00 0.27 1.00 0.46 0.27 0.65 SG 0.27 0.29 0.08 0.27 0.34 0.14 0.54 0.24 0.00 0.17 0.97 0.41 C 0.39Kobe 1.00 Bryant 0.53 0.50 0.89 0.47 0.66 0.56 SF 0.13 0.50 0.00 0.73 0.68 1.00 0.15 0.93 0.35 0.06 0.08 0.51 0.70 2006-07 0.46 0.39 0.50 0.51 0.02 0.49Kawhi 0.00 0.68 2004-05 Leonard 1.00 0.57 0.17 0.10 0.41 0.11 0.81 1.00 0.25 SAS 0.52 0.56 0.07 0.58 0.51 0.99 0.54 2010-11 0.44 0.65 DAL 0.68 0.54 0.60Hakeem 0.49 0.10 1.00 0.51 Olajuwon 0.23 0.21 0.27 0.14 0.45 0.31 ORL 0.70 0.61 0.52 0.72 1.00 0.42 0.71 0.06 0.21 0.63 0.30 0.21 0.88 0.58 0.31 0.42 C 0.62 PF 0.41 0.30 0.40 0.61 0.27 0.32 0.00 0.55 0.99 0.51 0.05 0.39 0.45 2006-07 0.28 0.47 C 0.25 1994-95 2015-16 0.31 0.43 0.02 0.39 0.88 0.03 0.11 0.94 0.71 0.73 0.74 0.32 LAL HOU 0.43 0.48 0.60 0.19 0.14 SAS 0.55 0.40 0.04 0.21 0.46 0.38 0.57 0.29 0.88 0.88 0.61 0.08 0.40 0.94 0.25 0.67 0.29 0.58 0.29 0.77 0.52 0.59 0.39 0.67 0.93 0.64 0.90 SG 0.93 0.38 0.43 0.83 0.14 0.88 0.00 C SF 0.16 0.36 0.52 0.36 0.31 0.50 0.08 0.33 0.60 0.25 0.50 0.05 0.39 0.21 0.35 0.01 0.24 0.49 0.85 0.77 0.07 0.56 0.69 0.38 0.00 0.56 0.19 0.58 0.71 0.71 0.00 0.5 S. Pradhan / Ranking regular seasons in the NBA’s Modern Era using grey relational analysis 47 ) Continued ( Table A4 Normalized grey relational degrees for advanced performance indicators PlayerReference Series (RF)Michael JordanLeBron JamesMichael Jordan 1987-88LeBron James CHIStephen SN Curry 2008-09 SG 1990-91 CLEMichael Jordan 0.51 CHI TMMichael SF Jordan 2012-13 0.05 POS SG MIA 0.42LeBron 0.29 James 2015-16 TS% 0.53 0.67 0.43 GSW 1989-90 3PAr PFAnthony Davis 0.19 0.09 0.55 0.35 FTr PG CHI 1988-89 0.79LeBron 0.18 James 0.88 ORB% 1.00 0.16 CHI 0.07 SG 0.34 DRB%David 17.5 Robinson 0.18 2009-10 1.00 0.23 TRB% 0.53 SG CLE 2014-15Shaquille 0.46 0.00 AST% 0.13 O’Neal 30.6 0.23 0.17 0.59 NOP STL% 0.23Shaquille SF 0.07 0.17 O’Neal 2011-12 BLK% 0.10 0.38 0.42 1993-94 PF 21.80 TO% MIA 0.52Dwyane 0.54 0.31 0.23 Wade 0.22 1999-00 SAS USG% 0.20 0.42 0.46 54.50 1.00 0.65 SFTracy LAL McGrady 0.24 1998-99 OWS 0.02 0.46 0.41 0.39 C 0.30 0.53Shaquille LAL 0.18 DWS 3.9 0.21 C O’Neal 0.55 0.32 0.08 0.38 0.23 0.32 0.62 0.94Chris 2008-09 0.29 C Paul WS 0.39 0.33 0.73 0.29 0.56 0.03 0.32 2002-03 MIA 7.4Kevin 0.43 0.00 Durant 0.36 0.55 0.22 0.49 2000-01 WS/48 0.37 ORL 0.20 0.46 0.29 0.69 SG 0.61 0.73 0.39 OBPMMichael LAL 0.00 Jordan SG 0.45 0.80 6.3 DBPM 0.33 0.58 0.25 0.30 0.50 0.88 0.62 0.30Michael 0.49 1.00 0.64 0.04 C Jordan 0.22 BPM 0.29 0.36 22.60 0.50 0.52 0.91 0.72 0.73Shaquille 0.45 O’Neal 0.31 0.69 0.14 VORP 0.30 0.45 0.87 0.73 2008-09 2013-14 0.43 0.10 15.2 0.24 1986-87 0.53Shaquille 0.97 NOH OKC 0.00 O’Neal 0.48 PER 0.11 0.15 0.56 1.00 0.62 0.71 0.38 0.75 CHI 0.18 0.69 0.78 0.56 0.45 1992-93 PGKevin SF Garnett 8.0 0.57 2001-02 0.95 0.54 0.26 0.31 0.31 CHI SG 0.94 0.14 0.91 0.48 0.76 0.61 0.88David LAL 0.75 Robinson 0.61 0.26 0.84 2002-03 0.25 0.94 21.2 0.46 0.41 0.21 0.25 SG 0.50 0.53Michael LAL 0.52 0.96 0.36 0.97 C Jordan 0.13 0.78 0.16 0.27 0.73 1.00 0.05 0.36 0.22 0.00 0.22 0.87 0.23 0.99 0.32LeBron 0.95 0.28 C James 0.39 0.32 2003-04 0.77 0.41 0.73 0.06 0.21 0.75 0.15 0.03 0.70 0.68 1995-96 0.50 0.42 0.77 0.71LeBron MIN 1.00 0.00 0.05 0.49 James 0.24 0.54 0.71 12.4 0.50 0.85 SAS 0.83 0.62 0.97 0.53 1995-96 0.25 0.42 0.73 0.47David PF 0.67 0.53 0.44 0.93 0.70 0.00 Robinson 0.20 0.25 0.90 0.48 0.73 0.54 C 0.43 CHI 0.00 0.42 0.76 0.56 0.57 0.10Russell 6.1 1.00 0.69 Westbrook 0.38 2013-14 0.37 0.47 0.54 0.18 1.00 0.98 0.31 0.06 0.27 SG 0.81 0.41 0.81 0.05 0.19 0.61 MIA 0.51Charles 0.79 0.10 0.83 Barkley 0.78 2007-08 0.39 0.50 0.58 0.56 0.06 0.43 13.0 0.01 0.21 1994-95 0.36 0.69 1.00 2014-15 0.96 1.00 0.42 0.66 PF CLEDwyane 0.83 0.85 0.25 Wade 0.78 0.55 0.79 SAS 0.87 0.58 0.25 OKC 0.78 0.46 0.32 0.16 0.30 0.53 0.29 0.69 0.66 0.84 12.0 0.85Karl SF 0.94 1.00 0.65 0.17 Malone 0.99 0.22 0.33 PG 0.67 0.92 0.39 0.78 C 0.55 1990-91 0.41 0.78 0.67 0.99 0.91 0.00 0.25Shaquille 0.97 0.82 0.85 0.57 0.78 O’Neal 0.24 0.32 0.01 0.20 31.71 0.44 0.78 0.29 0.03 PHI 0.19 0.82 0.50 0.40 0.70 0.94 0.83Shaquille 0.57 0.35 0.15 0.96 2006-07 0.98 O’Neal 0.20 0.30 0.41 0.75 0.81 0.35 0.89 0.11 0.66 0.02 0.09 SF 0.40 0.59 0.26 0.64 0.31 0.96 MIA 0.16 0.51Shaquille O’Neal 0.16 0.51 1997-98 0.79 0.53 0.55 0.95 0.77 0.57 1.00 0.20 0.06 0.75 SG 1996-97 0.26 0.70 0.91 0.37 0.33 0.48 0.55 0.55Chris 0.64 LAL 0.45 0.35 0.45 0.28 Paul 1994-95 0.46 0.83 0.24 UTA 0.02 0.36 0.16 0.75 0.89 0.42 0.90 0.48 0.60 ORLKevin 0.40 0.56 0.69 Durant 0.50 C 0.42 0.83 1993-94 0.35 0.66 PF 0.62 0.81 0.96 0.36 0.38 0.15 0.30 0.25 0.62 ORLKevin 0.39 0.71 C 0.58 Garnett 0.49 0.64 0.90 0.80 0.69 0.43 0.39 0.21 0.49 0.51 0.51 0.33 0.53 0.41 0.35 0.57 0.69 0.78 0.53 0.84 0.76Kevin 0.72 C 0.00 Durant 0.01 0.51 0.09 0.65 0.40 0.53 0.86 0.80 0.86 0.44 0.46 0.47 0.86 0.65 0.37 0.55 0.30 0.64 0.44Dirk 0.01 0.84 0.83 0.74 Nowitzki 0.48 0.54 0.12 0.18 0.53 0.70 2007-08 2012-13 0.71 0.14 0.56 0.09 0.46 0.59 0.34 0.43 0.57 0.82 0.81 NOH 0.00 OKC 0.79 0.59 0.83 0.18 0.55 2004-05 0.41 0.72 0.83 0.73 0.10 0.82 0.69 0.61 0.52 0.45 0.73 0.18 PG MIN 0.48 SF 0.44 0.09 0.58 0.69 0.73 0.70 2015-16 0.77 0.29 0.80 0.27 0.67 0.34 0.33 0.67 0.47 0.31 0.75 0.05 PF 0.84 0.44 0.68 OKC 0.64 2005-06 0.63 0.58 0.79 0.62 1.00 0.71 0.35 0.58 0.42 0.74 DAL 0.47 0.48 0.69 0.76 0.48 0.24 SF 0.91 0.34 0.25 0.49 0.66 0.87 0.68 0.08 0.75 0.54 0.44 0.60 0.28 0.80 0.03 0.74 PF 0.43 0.73 0.32 0.74 0.70 0.02 0.14 0.10 0.37 0.83 0.74 0.04 0.61 0.25 0.80 0.74 0.00 0.36 0.55 0.41 0.81 0.63 0.43 0.59 0.68 0.14 0.33 0.39 0.94 0.60 0.48 0.30 0.18 0.49 0.09 0.31 0.42 0.32 0.80 0.66 0.79 0.05 0.52 0.67 0.60 0.09 0.21 0.30 0.69 0.26 0.21 0.44 0.38 0.01 0.60 0.63 0.97 0.44 0.21 0.62 0.16 0.98 0.69 0.67 0.79 0.33 0.03 0.18 0.70 0.18 0.38 0.25 0.58 0.37 0.66 0.60 0.26 0.86 0.57 0.63 0.59 0.63 0.36 0.60 0.57 0.91 0.74 0.95 0.84 0.65 0.66 0.60 0.31 0.18 0.74 0.49 0.34 0.20 0.36 0.37 0.36 0.71 0.63 0.41 0.65 0.38 0.43 0.69 0.68 1.00 0.64 0.16 0.42 0.39 0.53 0.45 0.72 0.61 0.25 0.68 0.70 0.78 0.36 0.32 0.59 0.45 0.60 0.31 0.13 0.00 0.66 0.34 0.50 0.17 0.59 0.25 0.52 0.50 0.60 0.21 0.49 0.62 0.64 0.34 0.52 0.73 0.76 0.34 0.39 0.41 0.6 48 S. Pradhan / Ranking regular seasons in the NBA’s Modern Era using grey relational analysis ) Continued ( ) Table A4 Continued ( PlayerReference Series (RF)LeBron JamesDwyane WadeStephen CurryKobe Bryant 2005-06 CLEKarl 2009-10 SN Malone MIADavid SF Robinson 2014-15 SG GSW TM 0.25Larry Bird PG 0.21 POS 2005-06 0.38Michael Jordan TS% LAL 0.29 0.31 0.77 1997-98 0.67 1997-98 3PArMichael Jordan 0.34 0.87 SG SAS UTA 0.55 0.05 FTrDwyane 0.00 Wade 0.88 0.17 ORB% 0.19 PF C DRB% 1996-97Dirk 0.37 17.5 0.43 0.04 Nowitzki 0.47 1987-88 TRB% CHI 0.08 0.35 0.20 1991-92Russell AST% BOS Westbrook 0.01 30.6 0.25 0.01 0.10 CHI STL% SG 0.05 0.49Charles 2005-06 SF Barkley 0.13 0.59 BLK% 0.24 SG 2015-16 21.80 MIA 0.55 TO% 0.41Amar’e 0.08 0.55 Stoudemire 2006-07 0.65 0.16 0.28 OKC USG% 0.62 0.33 SG 54.50 DAL 0.26LeBron 0.09 James 0.42 PG OWS 0.73 0.10 0.67 2007-08 0.03 1987-88 0.32 0.11 PF 0.68 0.64David DWS 3.9 0.12 Robinson 0.15 PHO 0.15 0.10 PHI 0.19 0.18 0.73 0.53 0.71David 0.43 Robinson WS 0.51 0.11 0.36 0.78 0.32 C 0.23 PF 0.18 0.23 0.64 7.4Hakeem 0.05 Olajuwon 0.61 2015-16 0.17 WS/48 0.30 0.26 0.51 0.55 0.90 1991-92 0.97 0.19 0.28 0.27 OBPM 0.32 CLELeBron 0.19 James 0.34 0.05 0.22 SAS 0.22 6.3 DBPM 0.33 1990-91 0.51 0.24 0.15 1992-93 0.08Karl SF 0.24 0.51 0.78 0.23 Malone 0.41 BPM SAS 0.72 HOU 0.61 0.30 C 22.60 0.69 0.40Shaquille 0.22 0.40 0.41 0.78 0.41 O’Neal 0.18 0.78 VORP 0.74 0.40 C 0.39 C 15.2 0.47 0.41 0.36 0.55 0.67Charles Barkley 0.54 2010-11 PER 0.44 0.00 0.56 0.45 0.15 0.45 0.01 0.55 0.55 0.54 0.32 0.66 0.60 0.73 MIAKarl 0.36 8.0 0.90 Malone 0.14 0.43 1996-97 0.43 0.43 0.01 0.18 0.01 0.68 0.23 0.14 0.56 1989-90 0.61 SFTim LAL 0.59 0.42 Duncan 0.73 0.17 0.19 0.51 0.62 0.60 21.2 0.93 UTA 0.70 1989-90 0.73 0.37 0.30 0.68 0.44Tim 0.45 0.12 Duncan C 0.35 0.55 0.19 0.69 PF 0.79 0.01 PHI 0.15 0.63 0.34 0.78 0.34 0.69 0.07 0.39Chris 0.59 0.53 Paul 0.32 0.58 0.16 0.67 0.68 0.22 0.31 0.43 0.38 0.43 SF 1999-00 0.78 0.18 0.72 0.30Magic 0.38 0.83 0.13 0.66 0.77 0.01 Johnson 0.05 12.4 0.74 0.37 UTA 0.10 0.48 0.65 0.74 0.94 0.39 0.46 2003-04 0.37 0.50 0.61Tim 0.73 Duncan 0.53 0.51 0.44 0.81 0.25 0.83 PF 0.65 0.14 0.60 SAS 0.24 0.09 0.31 0.61 2004-05 0.58 0.62 0.66 0.48Charles 0.44 0.56 6.1 0.66 0.61 Barkley 0.61 0.42 0.67 0.36 0.80 0.26 SAS PF 0.19 0.54 0.09 0.75 0.57 0.44 1986-87Shaquille 0.71 0.76 O’Neal 0.01 0.74 0.70 0.38 0.00 0.28 0.76 0.78 0.69 2011-12 0.35 0.61 13.0 0.65 0.00 0.19 PF 0.75 LAL 0.75 0.34 0.40 0.55Tim 0.42 Duncan LAC 0.36 0.49 1.00 0.43 0.60 0.02 0.38 0.52 0.04 PG 1988-89 0.50 0.33 0.69 0.43 0.74 2001-02 0.81 0.59 0.71 0.36 12.0 0.34 0.62Magic 0.50 0.84 PG 0.40 Johnson 0.51 2004-05 0.88 0.84 0.02 PHI 0.50 0.66 SAS 0.52 0.59 0.35 0.47 0.44 0.45 0.35Kevin MIA 0.30 0.31 0.46 Love 0.68 0.54 0.45 0.23 0.54 0.51 0.22 0.13 31.71 0.05 0.51 0.72 0.50 0.39 PF PF 0.22 0.87 0.43 0.72Kevin 0.37 Garnett 0.37 0.57 C 0.50 0.46 0.54 0.69 0.50 0.14 0.35 0.18 0.16 0.18 0.31 0.42 0.39 0.88 0.86 0.42 0.61 0.75 2002-03 0.60 0.64 1988-89Moses 0.41 0.20 0.27 Malone 0.36 0.42 0.01 0.24 0.03 SAS 0.34 0.61 0.34 0.89 LAL 0.62 0.41 0.38 0.56 0.55 0.78James 0.12 0.33 0.59 0.34 0.83 0.35 0.00 0.66 0.49 Harden 0.51 0.30 0.82 0.49 PF 0.21 PG 0.47 0.37 0.72 0.45 0.62Amar’e 2013-14 0.00 0.85 0.26 0.63 0.49 0.50 Stoudemire 0.45 0.81 0.66 0.12 2005-06 1.00 0.93 0.64 0.22 0.49 0.67 0.22 0.24 0.72 MIN 0.31 0.68Magic MIN 0.24 1981-82 0.49 Johnson 0.41 0.47 0.31 0.57 0.30 0.38 0.03 0.37 0.62 0.00 0.19 0.71 0.51 2004-05 0.25 0.78 0.29 0.56 PF HOU 0.21 0.31 0.60 0.25 PF 0.39 0.64 0.33 PHO 2014-15 0.63 0.85 0.56 0.54 0.91 0.43 0.42 0.02 0.58 C 0.15 0.44 0.78 0.63 0.29 HOU 0.41 0.15 0.63 0.76 0.18 0.76 0.52 0.58 0.71 0.28 C 0.28 0.64 0.61 0.05 SG 0.48 0.75 0.33 0.57 1989-90 0.31 0.50 0.28 0.81 0.77 0.97 0.31 0.22 0.30 0.42 0.22 0.59 0.68 0.26 0.24 0.61 0.19 0.41 0.85 LAL 0.53 0.01 1.00 0.08 0.50 0.63 0.08 0.38 0.19 0.43 0.02 0.75 0.64 0.33 0.68 0.45 0.56 0.01 PG 0.91 0.28 0.60 0.78 0.12 0.28 0.42 0.55 0.37 0.83 0.72 0.50 0.21 0.73 0.20 0.51 0.51 0.65 1.00 0.61 0.06 0.63 0.95 0.57 0.43 0.18 0.96 0.43 0.57 0.58 0.57 0.16 0.06 0.44 0.88 0.27 0.77 0.59 0.66 0.21 0.67 0.43 0.89 0.47 0.14 0.56 0.49 0.59 0.87 0.27 0.81 0.47 0.36 0.86 0.66 0.62 0.38 0.23 0.52 0.09 0.73 0.27 0.22 0.50 0.62 0.63 0.43 0.63 0.58 0.59 0.33 0.84 0.53 0.60 0.89 0.31 0.28 0.23 0.25 0.46 0.31 0.04 0.70 0.17 0.51 0.30 0.07 0.26 0.42 0.53 0.63 0.37 0.40 0.00 0.40 0.12 0.60 0.82 0.39 0.63 0.00 0.45 0.02 0.58 0.41 0.51 0.22 0.28 0.70 0.85 0.17 0.23 0.22 0.16 0.48 0.15 0.12 0.42 0.89 0.66 0.36 0.62 0.21 0.44 0.61 0.72 0.13 0.76 0.64 0.81 0.73 0.67 0.20 0.27 0.22 0.84 0.59 0.43 0.73 0.50 0.29 0.57 0.40 0.21 0.63 0.79 0.61 0.58 0.54 0.54 0.48 0.20 0.82 0.47 0.34 0.82 0.47 0.69 0.29 0.29 0.32 0.55 0.18 0.38 0.59 0.08 0.29 0.68 0.64 0.67 0.45 0.40 0.65 0.19 0.46 0.24 0.54 0.30 0.12 0.69 0.28 0.52 0.66 0.70 0.37 0.65 0.53 0.19 0.65 0.73 0.50 0.55 0.52 0.86 0.30 0.56 0.18 0.35 0.50 0.70 0.23 0.63 0.24 0.38 0.59 0.18 0.31 0.51 0.79 0.49 0 S. Pradhan / Ranking regular seasons in the NBA’s Modern Era using grey relational analysis 49 ) Table A4 Continued ( PlayerReference Series (RF)Elton BrandLarry BirdAnthony DavisYao Ming 2005-06Larry SN Bird LAC 2013-14Shaquille O’Neal 1984-85 PF NOP TMChris BOS Paul 0.34 POS CKevin SF Garnett TS% 1995-96 0.00 2006-07 0.67 3PAr 0.36 ORLDavid 0.38 0.23 HOU Robinson 1986-87 0.55 FTr 0.02 0.13Dwyane C BOS 0.48 0.88 Wade C ORB% 0.30 0.02 DRB%Chris 17.5 SF Paul 0.27 2002-03 0.50 TRB% 2012-13 0.52 0.50 1989-90 0.27 MINKarl AST% 0.00 0.58 LAC Malone 0.00 30.6 SAS STL% 0.39 0.27 0.41 PFKevin 0.66 PG 0.56 2011-12 Durant 0.62 BLK% C 0.09 21.80 MIA 0.59 TO% 0.44 0.14 0.34Kobe Bryant 0.68 USG% 0.13 0.56 0.21 SG 0.47 0.49 0.09 54.50Kevin Durant OWS 0.70 0.72 2015-16 0.20 0.14 0.00 0.19 1992-93 0.24 0.03DeMarcus 0.40 DWS 3.9 LAC 0.46 Cousins 0.63 UTA 0.12 2011-12 0.06 0.43 0.75 0.64Tim PG OKC Duncan 0.17 WS 0.66 0.42 0.63 0.39 PF 0.44 2002-03 2013-14 7.4 0.30Dirk SF 0.06 0.90 Nowitzki 0.19 0.24 WS/48 0.12 0.58 0.75 LAL 2009-10 SAC 0.90 0.22 0.53 0.73 OBPMDwight 0.56 0.46 OKC 0.03 Howard SG 6.3 0.07 0.06 0.81 DBPM 0.09 0.68 C 0.00 0.11 0.83 0.48 0.52 0.60Kobe SF Bryant 0.12 0.79 0.48 BPM 0.22 0.00 22.60 0.16 2006-07 0.83 0.40 0.59 0.43 0.84Kawhi 0.48 0.54 0.60 0.30 0.63 Leonard 0.18 2004-05 VORP SAS 0.01 0.01 0.04 2010-11 15.2 0.16 0.19 0.38 DALHakeem 0.13 0.61 0.59 Olajuwon 0.34 0.97 0.36 PER 0.40 ORL 0.29 0.72 0.58 0.41 0.43 C PF 0.11 0.50 0.48 0.52 8.0 0.37 0.55 0.56 0.32 0.08 C 0.21 0.13 0.04 0.37 0.54 2006-07 0.33 1994-95 2015-16 0.69 0.33 0.64 0.70 0.28 0.88 LAL 21.2 HOU 0.38 0.29 SAS 0.61 0.00 0.01 0.24 0.40 0.39 0.54 0.01 1.00 0.62 0.96 0.40 0.21 0.41 0.38 SG 0.40 0.01 0.58 C 0.42 SF 0.22 0.18 0.22 1.00 0.76 0.25 0.29 1.00 0.27 0.32 0.76 0.34 0.46 0.91 0.11 0.55 0.51 0.33 0.61 0.42 0.48 0.21 0.75 0.00 0.41 0.03 0.43 0.69 12.4 0.36 0.59 0.52 0.48 0.02 0.16 0.04 0.54 0.46 0.48 0.23 0.30 0.69 0.58 0.14 0.23 0.83 0.09 0.35 0.16 0.03 0.67 0.25 0.64 0.35 0.29 1.00 0.41 0.06 0.49 0.55 0.37 0.08 6.1 0.51 0.55 0.18 0.49 0.36 0.35 0.51 0.87 0.81 0.49 0.61 0.36 0.16 0.18 0.72 0.00 1.00 0.16 0.20 0.64 0.42 0.46 0.21 0.57 13.0 0.58 0.25 0.43 0.56 0.16 0.65 0.25 0.46 0.58 0.78 0.38 0.34 0.47 0.06 0.46 0.00 0.31 0.58 0.15 0.55 0.10 0.21 0.48 12.0 0.65 0.33 0.38 0.47 0.21 0.61 0.36 0.41 0.26 0.57 0.38 0.11 0.37 0.39 0.00 0.39 0.51 0.42 0.39 0.09 31.71 0.19 0.10 0.38 0.13 0.68 0.64 0.30 0.22 0.63 0.41 0.24 0.68 0.59 0.09 0.02 0.34 0.00 0.66 0.64 0.36 0.77 0.36 0.37 0.70 0.34 0.67 0.55 0.66 0.56 0.31 0.49 0.60 0.18 0.46 0.07 0.51 0.08 0.43 0.62 0.11 0.67 0.56 0.41 0.39 0.30 0.79 0.07 0.07 0.58 0.71 0.64 0.37 0.71 0.42 0.62 0.37 0.57 0.21 0.88 0.28 0.55 0.36 0.45 0.00 0.26 0.25 0.46 0.07 0.07 0.32 0.54 0.49 0.80 0.16 0.80 0.43 0.48 0.06 0.26 0.95 0.13 0.51 0.61 0.38 0.43 0.61 0.50 0.06 0.39 0.11 0.24 0.52 0.27 0.41 0.58 0.05 0.53 0.22 0.41 0.59 0.57 0.61 0.38 0.44 0.27 0.43 0.05 0.22 0.48 0.30 0.27 0.26 0.13 0.04 0.52 0.04 0.04 0.21 0.21 0.71 0.42 0.10 0.39 0.87 0.03 0.71 0.48 0.02 0.43 0.03 0.32 0.08 0.45 0.23 0.01 0.40 0.57 0.72 0.44 0.31 0.22 0.02 0.56 0.02 0.28 0.01 0.34 0.43 0.34 0.01 0.01 0.00 50 S. Pradhan / Ranking regular seasons in the NBA’s Modern Era using grey relational analysis 5 ) Continued ( Table A5 Absolute difference scores for traditional performance indicators Charles BarkleyDwyane Wade 1990-91Karl Malone PHIShaquille 2006-07 O’Neal SF MIAShaquille O’Neal 1997-98 0.44 1996-97 SG LALShaquille O’Neal 1994-95 UTA 0.44 0.91 ORLChris C Paul 1993-94 PF 0.49 0.94 ORLKevin C Durant 0.47 0.65 0.54 0.00Kevin 0.33 C Garnett 0.55 0.74 0.09 0.00 0.18Kevin 0.39 0.43 0.42 Durant 0.09 0.03 2007-08 2012-13 0.86 0.29 0.39Dirk 0.63 0.46 NOH OKC Nowitzki 2004-05 0.03 0.79 0.44 0.45 0.21 0.92 PG MIN SF 0.73 0.43 2015-16 0.87 0.10 0.29 0.51 0.21 0.06 0.45 PF OKC 0.03 2005-06 0.47 1.00 1.00 0.10 0.35 0.47 0.06 DAL 0.51 0.03 SF 0.00 1.00 0.98 0.12 1.00 0.01 0.51 0.47 0.60 PF 1.00 1.00 0.00 0.29 0.99 0.23 0.70 0.73 1.00 0.59 0.23 0.31 0.56 1.00 0.03 0.29 1.00 0.49 0.25 0.57 0.73 0.56 0.35 0.68 0.16 0.34 0.03 1.00 0.37 0.29 0.45 0.65 0.62 0.27 0.52 0.28 0.56 0.49 0.16 0.43 0.29 0.28 0.76 0.26 0.46 0.67 0.57 0.60 0.55 0.45 0.47 0.72 0.24 0.63 0.67 0.20 0.27 0.60 0.98 0.46 0.55 0.58 0.26 0.92 0.17 0.19 0.53 0.97 0.70 0.18 0.69 0.76 0.49 0.41 0.69 0.85 0.35 0.90 0.52 0.26 0.23 0.40 0.70 0.73 0.73 0.27 0.53 0.70 0.90 0.57 0.84 0.67 0.22 0.29 0.71 0.57 0.54 0.42 0.45 0.38 0.43 0.42 0.80 0.71 0.19 0.91 0.61 0.72 0.41 0.39 0.30 0.43 0.21 0.45 0.62 0.57 0.34 0.75 0.95 0.29 0.72 0.88 0.70 0.38 0.50 0.40 0.30 0.30 0.92 0.93 0.43 0.89 0.47 0.64 0.78 0.76 0.86 0.33 0.38 0.14 0.14 0.02 0.48 0.89 0.72 0.82 0.48 0.66 0.88 0.63 0.95 0.50 0.47 0.98 0.23 0.48 0.70 0.82 0.56 0.75 0.50 0.96 0.45 0.40 0.61 0.04 0.36 0.64 0.44 0.48 0.79 0.96 0.61 0.05 0.43 0.03 0.98 0.39 0.10 0.69 0.88 0.11 0.86 0.41 0.18 0.39 0.64 0.60 0.41 0.59 1.00 0.73 0.61 0.37 0.66 0.51 0.70 0.70 0.38 0.79 0.85 0.17 0.43 0.79 0.45 0.75 0.89 0.46 0.70 0.80 0.74 0.21 0.17 0.44 0.25 0.52 PlayerMichael JordanLeBron James 1987-88Michael Jordan CHILeBron James 2008-09 SG 1990-91 CLEStephen SN Curry CHI 0.00Michael SF Jordan 2012-13 0.00 SG TM MIAMichael 0.03 2015-16 Jordan 0.79 0.00 POS GSW 1989-90 PF 0.03LeBron 0.05 James GP% 0.00 PG CHI 0.52 1988-89 GS%Anthony 0.18 0.78 Davis 0.46 0.49 0.09 CHI SG MP 0.18 0.38LeBron 0.17 James 2009-10 0.49 FGM 0.09 0.54 0.00 SG 0.98 2014-15 CLEDavid 0.65 FGA Robinson 0.64 0.18 0.44 0.95 0.00 NOP 0.03 FG% 0.35Shaquille SF 0.43 0.69 O’Neal 0.74 2011-12 3PM 0.36 0.65 1993-94 0.03 PF 0.92 0.58 MIA 0.02 0.51Shaquille 3PA 0.18 0.11 O’Neal 1999-00 0.21 SAS 0.77 0.90 0.31 3P% 0.82 0.41 0.55 SF 0.18 LALDwyane 0.76 0.73 0.20 Wade 0.38 1998-99 2PM 0.59 0.50 C 0.41 0.00 0.65 0.71 2PA 0.43 0.17 LALTracy 0.36 0.15 0.64 McGrady C 0.53 0.37 0.00 2P% 0.19 0.44 0.69 0.56 0.78 0.06 0.15 0.36Shaquille 2008-09 0.09 eFG% C 0.53 O’Neal 0.52 0.22 0.47 0.09 0.51 0.73 2002-03 0.57 0.50 0.06 0.94 MIA 0.94 0.29 0.32 FTChris 0.35 Paul 0.25 2000-01 0.56 0.09 0.47 ORL 0.05 0.45 0.89 0.80 0.02 0.46 0.19 0.16 SG FTA 0.38 0.20 LALKevin 0.75 0.67 Durant 0.45 0.39 0.42 0.51 0.39 0.05 SG 0.43 FT% 0.81 0.15 0.67 0.09 1.00 0.54 0.17 0.55 0.19Michael ORB 0.30 0.24 C Jordan 0.54 0.40 0.00 0.21 0.49 0.89 0.98 0.33 0.78 DRB 0.67 0.09 0.14 0.57 0.40 0.88Michael 0.54 0.82 Jordan 0.83 0.89 0.24 0.83 0.69 TRB 0.56 0.46 0.46 0.24 2008-09 2013-14 0.61 0.86 0.15 0.58 0.38 0.79 1986-87 0.90 AST 0.98 0.44 0.36Shaquille 0.58 0.69 0.34 NOH OKC O’Neal 0.35 0.48 0.24 0.48 0.79 1.00 0.28 STL 0.64 0.02 0.96 0.14 0.48 CHI 0.42 0.00 0.31 0.88 1992-93 PG 0.52Shaquille SF 0.70 0.63 BLK O’Neal 1.00 0.78 2001-02 0.48 0.30 0.31 0.47 0.54 0.66 0.94 1.00 CHI 0.15 0.77 0.49 0.51 SG 0.32 1.00 0.12 0.37 0.43 TO LALKevin 0.63 0.62 0.54 0.33 0.03 Garnett 0.57 1.00 2002-03 0.79 0.54 0.81 0.60 0.82 0.38 0.13 0.45 0.15 0.18 0.00 SG 0.45 0.77 0.64 0.79 0.12 0.78 1.00 LALDavid PF 0.03 0.84 Robinson C 0.33 0.75 0.47 0.68 0.73 0.55 0.10 0.80 0.70 0.53 0.80 0.69 0.60 0.00 0.17 0.33 0.43 0.12 0.60 PTS 0.52 0.71Michael 0.54 0.33 0.34 0.46 0.13 0.37 C Jordan 0.70 0.37 2003-04 0.51 0.75 0.44 0.71 0.59 0.69 1.00 0.39 1995-96 0.63 0.39 0.12 0.24 0.82 0.43 0.58 0.23 0.94 MINLeBron 0.55 0.41 0.33 0.32 0.00 James 1.00 0.60 0.56 0.25 0.47 0.98 SAS 0.68 0.44 0.24 0.28 0.53 0.55 0.69 0.52 0.14 0.54 0.56 1995-96 1.00 0.75 0.32LeBron 0.41 PF 0.31 0.17 0.63 1.00 0.37 0.00 0.56 0.09 James 0.52 0.47 0.56 0.63 0.40 0.86 0.67 C 0.30 0.26 CHI 0.11 0.25 0.51 0.37 0.84 0.37 0.68 0.87 0.75David 0.84 0.00 0.87 0.53 0.53 Robinson 0.53 2013-14 0.41 0.35 0.36 0.57 0.86 0.65 0.84 0.33 0.61 0.56 SG 0.79 0.39 0.63 0.98 0.00 0.40 0.46 MIA 0.61 0.71 0.00Russell 0.90 0.57 0.35 0.73 Westbrook 2007-08 0.41 0.43 0.83 0.27 0.17 0.93 0.40 0.61 0.22 1994-95 0.13 0.61 0.00 0.69 0.00 2014-15 0.38 0.80 0.67 0.80 0.40 CLE PF 0.37 0.33 0.19 0.69 0.64 0.48 0.56 0.59 0.36 SAS 0.23 0.36 OKC 1.00 0.74 0.67 0.44 0.48 0.38 0.00 0.15 0.33 0.28 0.10 0.00 0.56 0.46 SF 0.15 0.33 0.50 0.68 0.08 0.00 0.30 1.00 0.27 0.63 PG 0.52 0.47 1.00 0.62 0.91 C 0.00 1.00 0.76 0.49 0.84 0.37 0.29 0.54 1.00 0.15 0.36 0.17 0.21 0.83 0.29 1.00 0.29 0.58 0.44 0.81 0.89 0.96 0.63 0.88 0.67 0.27 0.58 0.30 0.77 0.89 0.52 0.40 0.03 1.00 0.24 0.75 0.49 0.67 0.04 0.34 0.98 0.44 0.47 0.87 0.60 0.68 0.83 0.52 0.89 0.45 0.70 0.33 0.24 0.50 0.79 0.03 0.74 0.96 0.47 0.63 1.00 0.61 0.20 0.45 0.31 0.26 0.64 0.72 0.00 0.36 0.66 0.51 0.35 0.75 0.55 0.37 0.49 0.36 0.62 0.99 0.36 0.53 0.73 0.37 0.11 0.18 0.13 0.35 0.29 0.09 0.37 0.19 0.65 0.41 0.54 0.49 0.33 0.62 0.73 0.75 0.71 0.63 0.13 0.77 0.94 0.97 0.65 0.68 0.57 0.32 0.84 0.53 0.71 0.53 0.15 0.67 0.40 0.67 0.93 0.77 1.00 0.78 0.27 0.17 0.73 0.40 0.44 0.53 0.64 0.38 0.40 0.56 0.41 0.39 0.71 0.79 0.29 0.75 0.96 0.83 0.34 0.66 0.24 0.81 0.66 0.26 0.58 0.73 0.57 0.50 0.98 0.25 0.62 0.15 0.53 0.86 0.55 0.73 0.65 0.62 0.74 0.65 0.88 0.37 0.98 0.90 0.40 0.14 0.27 0.69 0.68 0.46 0.42 0.47 0.72 0.83 0.48 0.40 0.60 0.41 0.59 1.00 0.08 0.11 0.86 0.36 0.62 0.46 0.27 0.35 0.41 0.46 0.49 0.56 0.53 0.68 0.70 0.11 0.83 0.59 0.14 0.51 0.34 0.61 0.32 0.57 1.00 0.54 0.63 0.29 0.93 0.84 0.58 0.71 0.71 0.47 0.18 0.82 0.64 0.00 0.63 0.25 1.00 0.57 0.43 0.62 0.93 0.00 0.56 0.33 0.80 0.07 0.46 0.42 0.40 0.33 0.36 0.48 0.31 0.66 0.23 0.76 0.33 0.22 0.67 0.37 0.91 0.50 0.45 0.61 0.29 0.49 0.83 0.73 0.18 0.83 0.63 0.52 0.31 0.64 0.80 0.72 0.48 0.78 0.40 0.70 0.27 0.63 0.36 0.60 0.69 0.46 0.30 0.55 0.91 0.38 0.61 0.64 0.67 0.75 0.57 0.33 0.47 0.35 0.60 0.36 0.95 0.42 0.50 0.84 0.39 0.33 0.70 0.77 0.54 0.98 0.08 0.67 0.30 0.50 1.00 0.33 0.50 0.54 0.35 0.58 0.4 0.47 S. Pradhan / Ranking regular seasons in the NBA’s Modern Era using grey relational analysis 51 7 ) Continued ( ) Table A5 Continued ( Charles BarkleyAmar’e Stoudemire 2007-08 1987-88LeBron James PHO PHIDavid Robinson C PFDavid Robinson 2015-16 1991-92 0.09 0.06Hakeem Olajuwon CLE SAS 0.09 0.06 1990-91LeBron 1992-93 James SF 0.15 0.71 SAS HOU CKarl Malone 0.18 0.59 0.53 C CShaquille 0.41 O’Neal 0.20 0.18 0.24 2010-11 0.32Charles 0.41 0.00 0.06 0.00 0.08 Barkley MIA 1996-97 0.52 0.49 0.98 0.00Karl 0.88 0.03 1989-90 Malone SF LAL 0.63 0.96 0.41 0.82 0.70 UTA 0.52 1989-90Tim Duncan 0.09 0.68 0.44 0.23 C 0.46 0.41 0.56 PF PHITim 0.49 0.50 Duncan 0.09 0.29 0.78 0.47 0.29 0.91 0.00 0.34 0.30 SF 0.63Chris 1999-00 0.67 1.00 Paul 0.41 0.28 0.20 0.03 0.91 0.00 0.38 0.51 UTA 0.99 0.09Magic 2003-04 1.00 1.00 Johnson 0.56 0.56 0.22 0.53 0.15 0.75 0.42 PF 0.99 0.99 SAS 0.09Tim 2004-05 0.35 Duncan 0.31 0.34 0.52 0.51 0.21 1.00 0.52 0.71 0.66 0.00 SAS 0.35 PF 0.38 0.49Charles 0.46 0.49 0.13 Barkley 0.34 1986-87 0.47 0.76 0.60 0.46 0.00 0.24 2011-12 0.36 0.45 0.25 PF 0.22 0.59 0.38 0.43 LALShaquille 0.69 O’Neal 0.17 0.35 LAC 0.72 0.58 0.45 0.46 0.33 0.34 1.00 0.96 0.87 0.41 PG 0.47 1988-89Tim 2001-02 Duncan 0.01 0.56 PG 0.99 0.51 0.74 0.56 0.96 0.48 0.70 2004-05 0.58 0.42 0.45 PHI 0.47 SAS 0.06Magic 0.94 0.37 1.00 0.26 0.36 0.41 0.54 Johnson 0.50 MIA 0.25 0.22 0.64 0.76 0.48 0.10 0.89 0.06 0.47 0.28 0.26 PF 0.53 0.47 PF 0.96 0.84Kevin 0.81 0.69 Love 0.40 0.22 0.31 0.57 0.75 C 0.58 0.39 0.58 0.86 0.68 1.00 0.48 0.51 0.61 0.30 0.34 0.00 0.09 0.40Kevin 2002-03 0.57 0.52 Garnett 0.43 0.39 1988-89 0.23 0.65 0.55 0.99 0.73 0.31 0.66 0.26 0.53 0.60 0.44 0.84 0.27 0.00 SAS 0.09 1.00 LALMoses 0.27 0.50 0.60 0.42 0.80 Malone 0.27 0.36 0.53 0.51 0.23 0.02 0.16 0.26 0.81 0.25 0.66 0.17 0.98 0.96 0.88 0.48 PF PG 1.00 0.45 0.64 0.35 0.90 0.27 0.86 2013-14 0.67 0.59 0.17 0.55 0.15 0.44 0.60 0.15 0.13 0.70 2005-06 0.50 0.99 0.42 0.22 0.89 0.32 0.15 0.98 0.92 0.03 MIN 0.53 0.59 0.79 0.87 0.70 0.39 MIN 0.20 0.33 0.75 1981-82 0.49 0.95 0.34 0.63 0.00 0.96 0.45 0.55 0.15 0.50 0.03 0.61 0.18 HOU PF 0.68 0.42 0.63 0.53 0.21 0.13 0.69 PF 0.59 0.43 0.48 0.64 0.73 0.07 0.50 0.14 0.68 0.65 0.26 0.58 0.38 0.37 0.00 0.75 1.00 0.92 0.56 0.15 C 0.48 0.28 0.33 0.60 0.63 0.18 0.79 0.49 0.61 0.73 0.77 0.86 0.69 0.36 0.99 0.81 1.00 0.39 0.46 0.96 0.75 0.15 0.20 0.32 0.57 0.14 0.17 0.18 0.32 0.80 0.03 0.81 0.57 1.00 0.58 0.75 0.50 0.54 0.26 0.57 0.39 0.82 0.89 0.85 0.70 0.64 0.52 1.00 0.45 0.53 0.50 0.56 0.03 0.29 0.75 0.89 0.60 0.82 0.61 0.73 0.67 0.70 0.52 0.69 0.25 0.49 0.62 0.84 0.98 0.95 0.70 0.75 0.29 0.36 0.89 0.44 0.56 0.40 0.70 0.00 0.34 0.56 0.79 0.97 0.22 0.51 0.46 0.54 0.94 0.23 0.50 0.77 0.58 0.47 0.20 0.82 0.37 0.45 0.91 0.70 0.21 0.89 0.21 0.88 0.43 0.75 0.59 0.66 0.15 0.77 0.74 0.52 0.51 0.54 0.12 0.30 0.17 0.57 0.21 0.98 0.54 0.41 0.36 0.79 0.47 0.84 0.20 0.45 0.41 0.75 0.97 0.82 0.52 0.96 0.34 0.86 0.82 0.32 1.00 0.76 0.49 0.59 0.66 0.25 0.82 0.47 0.26 0.29 0.36 1.00 0.47 0.86 0.99 0.84 0.76 0.54 0.41 0.66 0.59 1.00 0.58 0.56 0.28 1.00 0.89 1.00 0.17 0.05 0.43 0.57 0.36 0.53 0.56 0.73 0.31 0.43 0.19 0.17 0.44 0.75 0.54 0.42 0.58 0.65 0.60 0.25 0.17 0.75 0.50 0.18 0.20 0.73 0.91 0.61 0.01 0.45 0.33 1.00 0.58 0.65 0.39 0.77 0.74 0.80 0.83 0.54 0.23 0.86 0.58 0.89 0.29 0.57 0.86 0.79 0.63 0.55 0.38 0.65 0.56 0.75 0.45 0.96 0.15 0.84 0.38 0.86 0.21 0.23 0.60 0.50 0.60 0.61 0.16 0.33 0.63 0.50 0.79 0.47 0.00 0.64 0.75 0.34 0.57 0.56 0.92 0.16 0.50 0.89 0.13 0.00 0.70 0.95 0.20 0.36 0.18 0.39 0.90 0.57 0.71 0.74 0.00 0.33 0.63 0.86 0.64 0.72 0.68 0.93 0.91 0.70 0.82 0.37 0.33 0.68 0.17 0.54 0.54 0.73 0.76 0.50 0.30 PlayerDwyane WadeStephen CurryKobe Bryant 2009-10Karl MIA Malone 2014-15David SG GSW Robinson SN PG 2005-06Larry 0.15 Bird LAL 1997-98 0.06 0.15Michael 1997-98 TM Jordan SG SAS 0.39 UTA 0.06Michael POS Jordan 0.55 0.03 GP% 0.06 PF CDwyane 1996-97 Wade GS% 0.69 0.47 0.06 1987-88 0.03 CHI MPDirk 0.26 1991-92 Nowitzki 0.71 0.29 0.85 BOS 0.03 FGM CHIRussell SG 0.26 0.82 0.65 0.16 Westbrook FGA 2005-06 0.50 SF 0.71 0.13 0.29 FG% 0.96 0.00 SG 2015-16 MIA 0.51 0.40 0.18 2006-07 0.79 3PM 0.28 OKC 0.86 0.00 0.06 0.38 SG DAL 0.56 3PA 0.11 0.21 0.15 PG 0.54 0.55 3P% 0.43 0.06 0.41 0.21 1.00 PF 0.65 0.51 0.42 2PM 0.29 0.71 0.06 0.63 0.00 1.00 0.24 0.21 0.31 2PA 1.00 0.12 0.70 0.60 0.21 0.99 0.06 0.74 2P% 0.61 0.37 0.63 0.99 0.12 0.33 0.66 eFG% 0.20 0.67 0.21 0.52 0.66 0.55 0.50 0.42 0.38 0.42 0.73 0.69 FT 0.45 0.86 0.47 0.67 1.00 0.42 0.75 0.51 0.64 0.68 0.34 0.38 FTA 0.32 1.00 0.94 0.79 0.72 0.61 0.59 0.25 0.32 FT% 0.69 0.86 0.88 0.00 0.84 0.17 0.96 0.24 ORB 0.38 0.57 0.57 0.46 0.93 0.97 0.34 0.68 0.75 0.33 DRB 0.91 0.59 0.20 0.38 0.82 0.56 0.62 TRB 0.89 0.91 0.66 0.15 0.72 0.57 0.33 0.70 0.80 AST 0.50 0.41 0.53 0.48 0.46 0.94 0.94 0.65 0.58 0.34 0.17 STL 0.73 0.50 0.50 0.40 0.42 0.43 0.81 BLK 0.64 0.72 0.68 0.28 0.59 0.77 0.69 0.43 0.56 0.75 0.85 0.34 TO 0.69 0.74 0.36 0.63 0.98 0.65 0.75 0.80 0.45 0.68 0.70 0.18 0.42 PF 0.40 0.64 0.81 0.57 0.00 0.50 0.37 0.29 0.52 0.86 0.58 0.25 0.18 0.75 PTS 0.70 0.27 0.86 0.93 0.86 0.66 0.71 0.80 0.60 0.91 0.66 0.29 0.57 0.82 0.39 0.82 0.67 0.79 0.23 0.63 0.70 0.43 0.86 0.49 0.53 0.03 0.72 0.08 0.80 0.75 0.47 0.57 0.83 0.63 0.54 0.83 0.58 0.57 0.61 0.50 0.57 0.81 0.91 0.77 0.45 0.32 0.62 0.84 0.52 0.20 0.82 0.52 0.47 0.20 0.46 0.21 0.37 0.80 0.29 0.43 0.37 0.84 0.46 0.36 0.89 0.95 0.73 0.35 0.84 0.97 0.63 0.23 0.46 0.49 0.33 0.6 0.62 52 S. Pradhan / Ranking regular seasons in the NBA’s Modern Era using grey relational analysis ) Table A5 Continued ( PlayerLeBron JamesJames HardenAmar’e Stoudemire 2005-06 2004-05Magic Johnson CLE PHO 2014-15Elton Brand HOU SF SN CLarry SG Bird 1989-90 0.09 0.00 LALAnthony 0.03 TM Davis 0.09 0.12 PG 0.03 POS 1.00Yao Ming 2005-06 0.04 GP% 0.44 0.31 0.09 LACLarry Bird GS% 2013-14 0.80 0.72 0.70 1984-85 0.09 PF NOP MPShaquille O’Neal 0.04 0.38 BOS 0.69 0.48 FGM 0.09Chris 0.15 C Paul 0.92 FGA 0.87 0.69 SF 1995-96 0.09 2006-07 1.00 FG%Kevin 0.57 0.49 Garnett 0.14 ORL 0.44 0.06 HOU 3PM 0.67 1.00 1986-87 0.33 0.38David 0.69 Robinson 3PA 0.47 1.00 0.15 0.51 C BOS 0.25 0.43 C 3P% 0.75 0.28Dwyane 0.67 0.70 0.52 Wade 0.91 0.38 SF 2PM 2002-03 0.69 0.82 0.22 2012-13 1.00 0.75 0.66 0.25 0.14 1989-90Chris 2PA 0.42 Paul MIN 0.23 0.33 0.24 LAC 0.88 0.87 2P% 0.18 1.00 SAS 0.63 0.66 1.00Karl 0.88 Malone eFG% PF 0.36 PG 0.26 2011-12 0.31 0.14 0.47 0.68 0.45 1.00 0.12 0.41 CKevin 0.32 FT MIA 0.81 Durant 0.61 0.35 0.00 0.33 0.73 1.00 0.70 0.31 0.86 0.22 0.37 FTA 0.44 0.67Kobe SG 0.99 0.42 0.31 0.00 0.39 0.33 0.86 Bryant 0.35 0.00 0.59 FT% 0.30 0.56 2015-16 0.51 0.51 0.16 0.15 0.11 0.49 0.10 0.80 0.94 0.03 0.62Kevin 1992-93 ORB Durant 0.48 LAC 0.61 0.63 0.66 0.28 0.43 1.00 0.94 DRB 2011-12 UTA 0.42 1.00 0.57 1.00 0.60 0.62 0.56DeMarcus 0.34 Cousins 0.64 PG 1.00 TRB OKC 0.50 0.59 0.76 1.00 0.67 0.78 0.00 0.38 PF 0.69 0.08 0.06 0.64 0.60 AST 2002-03Tim 0.00 2013-14 1.00 0.73 Duncan 0.46 SF 0.24 0.73 0.81 0.53 0.24 0.65 0.69 0.57 0.83 STL 0.00 LAL 2009-10 SAC 0.27 0.63 0.20 0.51 0.53 1.00Dirk 0.66 0.57 0.49 Nowitzki 0.24 BLK 0.40 0.31 0.78 0.96 0.00 OKC 0.74 0.57 0.44 0.45 0.00 SG 0.79 0.31 0.79 0.84 0.46 0.83 C 0.03 TODwight 0.71 0.92 1.00 0.35 0.59 Howard 0.73 0.00 0.66 0.46 SF 0.53 0.73 0.73 0.83 0.63 0.86 0.61 0.00 0.34 0.44 0.85 1.00 0.50 0.11Kobe 0.61 PF 0.94 2006-07 0.47 0.32 0.32 0.27 0.49 0.38 Bryant 0.65 0.07 0.87 0.00 0.49 0.98 0.51 2004-05 1.00 0.00 0.19 0.54 0.92 0.90 0.28 0.49 SAS 0.50 PTS 2010-11 0.43 0.59Kawhi 0.35 0.32 0.89 0.75 DAL 0.01 0.46 Leonard 0.44 0.56 0.00 0.42 0.90 0.83 0.93 0.46 0.79 0.48 ORL 0.48 0.40 0.00 0.55 0.69 0.51 0.49 0.28 0.73 0.39 0.30Hakeem 0.86 0.70 C 0.37 PF 0.77 0.58 Olajuwon 0.69 0.94 0.79 0.60 0.12 0.68 0.58 0.42 0.79 0.29 1.00 C 0.38 0.49 0.59 0.70 0.39 0.72 2006-07 0.61 1994-95 2015-16 0.12 0.06 0.01 0.55 0.73 0.61 0.95 0.75 0.98 0.45 0.29 0.69 0.53 0.57 0.52 LAL 0.26 HOU 0.97 0.89 0.86 SAS 0.12 0.12 0.54 0.68 0.60 0.81 0.40 0.27 0.06 0.57 0.45 0.60 0.96 0.79 0.92 0.71 0.71 0.43 SG 0.71 0.23 0.63 0.62 0.39 C 0.41 0.12 SF 0.17 0.75 0.33 0.43 0.48 0.07 0.36 0.10 1.00 0.33 0.64 0.69 0.61 0.86 0.64 0.07 0.48 0.65 0.15 0.51 0.57 0.84 0.76 0.50 0.75 0.92 0.99 0.40 0.29 0.95 0.61 0.23 0.29 0.62 0.79 0.67 0.31 0.44 0.50 0.93 0.73 0.40 0.15 1.00 0.44 1.00 0.12 0.27 0.50 0.48 0.81 0.65 0.27 0.99 0.05 0.29 0.56 0.42 0.29 0.55 0.43 0.50 0.57 0.83 0.57 0.81 0.08 0.31 0.59 0.59 0.33 0.07 0.99 0.12 0.84 0.71 0.98 0.50 0.47 0.82 0.70 0.44 0.37 0.96 0.43 0.76 0.05 0.40 1.00 0.98 0.26 0.58 0.76 0.24 0.92 0.31 0.95 0.79 0.77 0.60 0.33 0.59 0.74 0.73 0.68 0.99 1.00 0.52 0.29 0.64 0.84 0.04 0.92 0.60 0.19 0.46 0.89 0.60 0.62 0.39 0.20 0.77 0.78 0.99 0.79 1.00 0.66 0.66 0.54 0.45 1.00 0.46 0.69 0.54 0.12 0.48 0.69 0.64 1.00 0.64 0.30 0.47 0.65 0.14 0.65 0.49 0.54 0.16 0.90 0.38 0.65 0.98 1.00 0.29 0.62 0.25 0.42 0.53 0.31 0.57 0.54 0.16 0.33 0.73 0.95 0.93 0.64 0.98 1.00 0.70 0.48 0.25 0.44 0.75 0.42 0.31 0.32 0.04 0.40 0.88 0.11 0.24 0.62 0.22 0.63 0.80 0.60 0.51 0.47 0.76 0.59 0.33 0.88 0.39 0.85 0.66 0.26 0.79 0.49 0.74 0.61 0.21 0.37 0.29 0.90 0.13 0.98 0.58 0.68 0.70 0.68 0.78 0.80 0.45 0.67 0.51 0.27 0.60 0.40 0.65 0.64 0.58 0.75 0.50 0.10 0.61 0.16 0.73 0.46 0.84 0.36 0.85 0.37 0.75 0.65 0.80 0.87 0.89 0.70 0.61 0.66 0.24 0.84 0.64 0.50 0.25 0.97 0.73 0.73 0.30 0.45 0.35 0.38 0.45 0.70 0.80 0.96 0.63 0.70 0.11 0.54 0.45 0.10 0.63 0.37 0.09 0.35 1.00 0.35 0.29 0.82 0.92 0.05 0.80 0.71 0.88 0.70 0.35 0.71 0.86 0.97 0.78 0.68 0.31 0.68 0.48 0.64 0.81 0.71 0.30 0.35 0.47 0.48 0.63 0.58 0.86 0.46 0.79 0.73 0.64 0.54 0.85 0.50 0.50 0.79 0.91 0.80 0.70 0.25 0.63 0.03 0.63 0.54 0.17 0.88 0.27 0.79 0.46 S. Pradhan / Ranking regular seasons in the NBA’s Modern Era using grey relational analysis 53 ) Continued ( Table A6 Absolute difference scores for advanced performance indicators PlayerMichael JordanLeBron James 1987-88Michael Jordan CHILeBron James 2008-09 1990-91Stephen SG Curry SN CLE CHIMichael Jordan 0.49 2012-13 SFMichael TM SG 0.95 Jordan MIA 2015-16 0.58 1989-90LeBron 0.71 GSW POS James 0.47 PF 0.57 TS% CHI 1988-89Anthony PG 0.91 Davis 0.81 0.65 0.21 3PAr CHILeBron 0.82 0.00 SG James 2009-10 FTr 0.66 0.84 0.93David 2014-15 0.00 SG Robinson 0.47 CLE 0.82 ORB% 0.77 NOP 1.00Shaquille DRB% 0.77 O’Neal 0.41 0.54 2011-12 SF 0.88 0.83 1993-94 TRB% 0.77Shaquille 0.83 PF 0.93 0.90 O’Neal MIA 1999-00 0.48 AST% SAS 0.62Dwyane 0.69 0.58 Wade 0.58 0.46 0.78 LAL STL% SF 1998-99 0.77 0.54 0.80Tracy C BLK% McGrady 0.98 0.76 LAL 0.59 0.35 0.47 0.00 C 0.54 TO% 0.70Shaquille 0.79 0.61 O’Neal 2008-09 0.68 0.83 0.77 C 0.92 USG% 2002-03 0.45 0.67 0.62Chris 0.68 MIA Paul 0.61 0.97 0.71 0.38 2000-01 OWS 0.71 0.06 ORL 1.00 0.63 0.44Kevin DWS Durant 0.51 SG LAL 0.57 0.27 0.68 0.64 0.80 SG 0.61 0.45 1.00 0.31 WSMichael 0.54 0.78 Jordan 0.70 0.55 0.27 C 0.50 0.71 0.39 0.78 WS/48 0.67 0.38Michael 0.42 Jordan 0.51 0.71 0.75 0.20 0.36 0.12 2008-09 2013-14 OBPM 0.55 0.70 0.28 0.96 1986-87Shaquille 0.48 0.69 0.70 0.00 O’Neal NOH DBPM OKC 0.27 0.09 0.27 0.76 0.50 0.64 0.58 1.00 CHI 1992-93Shaquille 0.90 0.86 BPM O’Neal 0.31 0.89 0.55 PG 2001-02 SF 0.13 0.38 0.44 0.31 0.82 VORP 0.52 CHIKevin 0.47 0.85 0.03 SG Garnett 0.00 0.22 LAL 0.44 2002-03 0.29 0.52 0.55 0.25 0.25 PER 0.62 0.39 0.86David SG Robinson 0.69 0.79 0.24 0.43 LAL 0.09 0.75 0.46 0.74 0.05 0.06 0.75 0.47 C 0.69 0.74 0.39Michael 0.12 0.16 0.06 0.95 Jordan 0.78 0.73 2003-04 0.64 0.54 0.88 C 0.27 0.03 0.48 1995-96 0.59 0.84 0.50 0.59 0.22LeBron 0.72 0.04 0.77 0.64 0.79 James 1.00 MIN 0.01 0.78 0.00 0.13 0.94 0.97 SAS 1.00 0.50 1995-96LeBron 0.95 0.23 0.68 0.30 0.05 0.27 James 0.23 0.61 0.85 0.76 0.25 PF 0.50 0.00 0.51 0.58 0.47 0.32 0.29 1.00 0.29 CHIDavid C 0.75 0.15 Robinson 0.46 0.03 0.80 0.56 2013-14 0.17 0.38 0.90 0.27 0.44 0.75 0.53 0.07 0.33 1.00 0.43Russell 0.58 0.30 0.47 SG 0.52 0.10 Westbrook MIA 0.27 0.24 0.59 2007-08 0.95 0.57 0.46 1994-95 0.82 0.00 0.58 2014-15 0.73 0.69 0.39Charles 0.02 0.31 0.63 Barkley 0.64 0.00 0.62 CLE 0.94 0.99 0.19 PF 0.94 0.46 0.53 0.19 0.90 0.42 SAS 0.81 OKC 0.49 0.21 0.23Dwyane 0.50 0.45 0.75 Wade 0.17 0.00 0.00 SF 0.79 0.61 0.58 0.04 0.44 0.15 0.75 0.57 0.54 0.42 0.15 PG 0.34 1990-91 0.31 0.22Karl C 0.17 0.83 0.68 0.22 0.13 Malone 0.34 0.31 0.21 0.33 0.47 0.59 0.70 0.75 0.01 0.00 0.06 PHI 0.84 0.71 0.99 0.16 0.67Shaquille 0.61 0.35 O’Neal 2006-07 0.33 0.01 0.76 0.03 0.23 0.08 0.50 0.71 0.78 0.22 0.60 0.45 0.09 0.15 0.80 0.65 0.18 0.22 0.68 1.00Shaquille 0.22 0.30 SF MIA 0.43 O’Neal 0.97 0.98 1997-98 0.65 0.56 0.17 0.81 0.06 0.02 0.89 0.69 0.18 0.80 0.85 1996-97 0.04 0.11 0.43 0.74Shaquille 0.25 0.70 0.19 0.04 0.49 SG O’Neal 0.25 0.34 0.91 LAL 0.59 1994-95 0.41 0.80 0.60 0.21 UTA 0.49 0.36 0.84 0.74Chris 0.43 0.47 0.84 0.00 0.76 Paul 0.45 0.05 0.55 ORL 0.94 0.09 0.64 0.54 1993-94 0.63 0.23 0.73 C 0.52 0.45 0.36 PF 0.45 0.55 0.67 0.30Kevin 0.50 0.65 Durant 0.84 0.85 ORL 0.10 0.60 0.58 0.17 0.11 0.65 C 0.52 0.25 0.98 0.40 0.64 0.44 0.58 0.61 0.38 0.51Kevin 0.38 0.70 0.51 0.62 0.31 Garnett 0.19 0.34 0.36 0.17 0.04 C 0.10 0.61 0.75 0.60 0.67 1.00 0.99 0.31 0.20Kevin 0.49 0.42 0.29 0.65 Durant 0.79 0.16 0.91 0.47 0.43 0.47 0.49 0.57 0.22 0.24 2007-08 2012-13 0.31 0.59 0.35 0.45 0.70 0.99 0.47 0.56Dirk 0.28 0.14 Nowitzki 0.49 0.14 NOH OKC 0.20 2004-05 0.36 0.47 0.14 0.17 0.63 0.54 0.56 0.16 0.54 0.35 0.26 0.53 1.00 0.52 0.41 0.91 0.57LeBron 0.88 0.82 0.30 0.86 James 0.46 MIN PG 0.18 SF 0.41 0.29 0.19 2015-16 0.55 0.17 0.82 0.44 0.45 0.27 0.21 0.66 0.18 0.43 0.27 0.28 0.59 2005-06 0.48 OKC 0.90 PF 0.17 0.69 0.31 0.91 0.16 0.31 0.30 0.52 0.56 0.39 0.25 0.82 0.20 0.71 0.28 DAL 0.23 0.33 0.33 2005-06 0.65 0.73 SF 0.42 0.76 0.53 0.42 0.58 0.95 0.67 0.32 0.66 0.56 0.37 0.38 0.29 0.21 0.26 CLE PF 0.36 0.31 0.92 0.24 0.56 0.97 0.52 0.32 0.00 0.26 0.53 0.42 0.51 0.25 0.34 0.75 0.66 0.46 0.52 0.09 0.26 0.13 0.59 0.75 SF 0.96 0.20 0.72 0.40 0.37 0.27 0.58 1.00 0.86 0.63 0.26 0.90 0.17 0.68 0.19 0.30 0.39 0.20 0.69 0.98 0.26 0.82 0.64 0.75 0.51 0.58 0.32 0.86 0.41 0.45 0.67 0.95 0.06 0.79 0.61 0.91 0.58 0.48 0.20 0.52 0.21 0.40 0.34 0.62 0.70 0.99 0.91 0.68 0.33 0.31 0.79 0.70 0.40 0.02 0.63 0.03 0.69 0.82 0.74 0.31 0.37 0.56 0.56 0.33 0.98 0.40 0.38 0.84 0.79 0.63 0.68 0.30 0.82 0.34 0.41 0.21 0.42 0.63 0.95 0.37 0.40 0.74 0.75 0.64 0.09 0.14 0.43 0.34 0.37 0.43 0.40 0.35 0.05 0.26 0.69 0.16 0.51 0.40 0.66 0.59 0.64 0.35 0.26 0.82 0.29 0.37 0.80 0.63 0.57 0.64 0.31 0.63 0.62 0.48 0.00 0.61 0.39 0.36 0.32 0.55 0.28 0.84 0.58 0.64 0.22 0.30 0.75 0.68 0.32 0.41 0.75 0.55 0.69 0.87 0.34 0.83 1.00 0.41 0.40 0.66 0.40 0.50 0.50 0.75 0.79 0.48 0.36 0.51 0.38 0.66 0.40 0.45 0.66 0.48 0.24 0.88 0.27 0.61 0.77 0.59 0.31 0.28 0.17 0.41 0.39 0.67 0.19 0.49 0.50 0 54 S. Pradhan / Ranking regular seasons in the NBA’s Modern Era using grey relational analysis ) Continued ( ) Table A6 Continued ( PlayerStephen CurryKobe BryantKarl Malone 2014-15David Robinson GSWLarry 2005-06 Bird PG SN LALMichael 1997-98 1997-98 Jordan 0.23 SASMichael UTA SG Jordan 0.13 TMDwyane PF 0.81 1.00 Wade C 1996-97 POS 1987-88Dirk 0.57 TS% Nowitzki 0.53 CHI 1991-92 0.96 0.65 BOS 3PAr 0.80Russell 0.99 Westbrook CHI SG 2005-06 0.99 FTr SFCharles 0.51 0.90 0.95 Barkley 2015-16 MIA SG 0.41 0.76 ORB% 2006-07 0.45 OKCAmar’e Stoudemire 0.59 DRB% 0.72 DAL SG 0.67 0.35 0.93 0.84 0.74 2007-08LeBron PG TRB% 1987-88 James 0.91 0.90 PF 0.68 0.97 AST% PHO 0.27David PHI 0.85 0.33 Robinson 0.32 0.88 0.89 0.90 0.85 STL% 0.47 0.82David 0.57 C Robinson BLK% 0.49 PF 0.29 0.89 0.77 0.27 2015-16 0.23 0.77 0.64Hakeem TO% 1991-92 0.82 Olajuwon 0.10 0.74 0.03 0.83 CLE 0.39 USG% SAS 0.70LeBron 1990-91 0.73 0.72 0.95 James 1992-93 0.95 0.45 0.81 0.78 OWS 0.78 SF 0.81 SASKarl HOU 0.85 0.49 0.49 Malone DWS 0.22 C 0.67 0.66 0.77 0.59 0.60 0.76 0.92Shaquille WS O’Neal 0.70 C 0.31 C 0.59 0.22 0.53 2010-11 0.60 0.82 0.64 0.39 WS/48 0.78Charles Barkley 0.22 0.60 0.59 0.26 MIA 0.99 0.68 0.40 0.85 OBPM 1996-97 0.45 0.44Karl 0.45 0.46 0.33 1989-90 0.55 Malone 0.45 0.46 DBPM 0.57 0.99 1.00 LAL 0.99 SF 0.55 0.27 0.82 0.10Tim UTA 1989-90 BPM Duncan 0.86 0.64 0.83 0.49 0.77 0.40 0.57 0.41 0.86 0.28 0.39 0.56 C 0.32 VORPTim 0.44 PHI PF 0.38 Duncan 0.81 0.30 0.55 0.07 0.45 0.31 PER 0.66 0.88 0.27 0.70Chris 0.32 0.99 1999-00 0.84 Paul 0.32 0.31 0.85 0.81 0.22 SF 0.65 0.21 0.69 0.93 0.66 0.41Magic UTA 0.63 0.61 0.99 0.95 Johnson 0.22 2003-04 0.28 0.47 0.78 0.33 0.06 0.57 0.82 0.70 0.90 0.26 0.57 0.23 0.63 0.34Tim 0.50 0.63 PF SAS 0.87 Duncan 2004-05 0.17 0.52 0.86 0.39 0.35 0.26 0.19 0.18 0.61Charles SAS 0.40 0.47 0.38 Barkley 0.64 0.52 0.75 0.27 0.39 PF 0.49 0.91 1986-87 0.56 0.76 0.56 0.34 0.43 0.69 2011-12Shaquille 0.39 0.58 0.99 O’Neal LAL 0.20 0.44 PF 0.39 0.81 0.91 1.00 0.33 0.26 0.74 0.56 LAC 0.43 0.29 0.22 0.46 0.24 0.31Tim 0.65 0.60 1988-89 0.73 Duncan 2001-02 1.00 0.24 PG 0.62 0.98 0.25 0.30 0.96 0.81 2004-05 PG 0.35 0.45 0.58 0.51 0.25 0.66Magic 0.40 PHI SAS 0.50 Johnson 0.66 0.60 0.48 0.62 0.00 0.98 0.50 0.31 0.19 0.29 0.57 0.67 MIA 0.41 0.26 0.65 0.50 0.57 0.49Kevin 0.38 Love 0.65 0.16 0.70 PF 0.12 0.95 PF 0.16 0.34 0.46 0.53 0.41 0.56 0.48 0.32 0.57 0.54 0.28 C 0.78 0.46 0.87Kevin 0.49 0.49 0.55 Garnett 0.63 2002-03 0.55 0.69 0.77 1988-89 0.69 0.43 0.12 0.28 0.78 0.86 0.50 0.61 0.50 0.65 Moses 0.13 0.54 0.63 0.14 SAS 0.46 0.64 Malone LAL 0.31 0.82 0.58 0.99 0.80 0.82 0.76 0.61 0.36 0.84 0.58 0.50 0.40 0.97 0.59 0.39 0.66 0.25 0.11 1.00 0.58 0.66 0.34 PF 0.38 PG 0.73 0.39 0.67 0.44 2013-14 0.59 0.66 0.18 2005-06 0.45 0.62 0.41 0.22 0.88 0.28 0.70 0.79 0.51 0.49 MIN 0.65 0.51 0.33 0.78 0.50 0.18 1.00 0.19 1981-82 MIN 0.53 0.38 0.15 0.63 0.74 0.51 0.34 0.36 0.32 0.55 0.78 0.88 0.69 0.37 HOU 0.55 0.70 0.51 0.97 0.00 PF 0.07 0.76 0.28 0.76 PF 0.69 0.51 1.00 0.59 0.22 0.44 0.49 0.61 0.81 0.67 0.69 0.38 0.29 0.75 C 0.40 0.43 0.63 0.58 0.71 0.53 0.62 0.79 0.36 0.37 0.59 0.75 0.15 0.71 0.57 0.46 0.82 0.48 0.56 0.36 0.37 0.22 0.44 0.85 0.24 0.24 0.95 0.85 0.69 0.72 0.09 0.37 0.98 0.42 0.72 0.29 0.42 0.69 0.25 0.72 0.39 0.52 0.74 0.99 0.50 0.67 0.59 0.78 0.03 0.43 0.78 0.15 0.70 0.32 0.23 0.76 0.19 0.81 0.41 0.57 0.58 0.67 0.00 0.50 0.55 0.92 0.81 0.37 0.92 0.72 0.36 0.72 0.62 0.25 0.99 0.63 0.09 0.88 0.18 0.22 0.58 0.00 0.44 0.40 0.28 0.80 0.49 0.05 0.27 0.49 0.94 0.04 0.79 0.43 0.39 0.37 0.43 0.43 0.57 0.12 0.42 0.82 0.73 0.84 0.41 0.34 0.44 0.73 0.79 0.57 0.23 0.19 0.53 0.33 0.41 0.14 0.86 0.34 0.11 0.38 0.13 0.73 0.53 0.64 0.48 0.91 0.37 0.16 0.47 0.27 0.41 0.57 0.50 0.37 0.38 0.67 0.69 0.77 0.75 0.42 0.72 0.40 0.11 0.96 0.30 0.70 0.69 0.47 0.37 0.58 0.49 0.63 1.00 0.60 0.93 0.60 0.88 0.61 0.37 0.40 0.18 0.49 1.00 0.55 0.77 0.59 0.78 0.52 0.30 0.78 0.83 0.85 0.15 0.38 0.88 0.58 0.84 0.64 0.28 0.11 0.34 0.88 0.80 0.78 0.56 0.27 0.24 0.36 0.16 0.73 0.57 0.33 0.43 0.41 0.71 0.27 0.50 0.80 0.37 0.42 0.46 0.21 0.53 0.53 0.46 0.39 0.71 0.18 0.66 0.18 0.68 0.62 0.82 0.71 0.33 0.81 0.60 0.36 0.33 0.45 0.41 0.55 0.76 0.46 0.72 0.81 0.48 0.35 0.47 0.70 0.30 0.63 0.31 0.34 0.45 0.82 0.50 0.48 0.65 0.44 0.70 0.50 0.38 0.30 0.76 0.82 0.49 0.69 0.41 0.82 0.51 0.38 0.27 0.62 0.25 0.67 0.72 0.43 0.82 0.83 0.67 0.35 0.52 0.83 0.58 0.64 0.34 0.37 0.43 0.95 0.43 0.84 0.83 0.48 0.46 0.81 0.45 0.84 0.65 0.86 0.86 S. Pradhan / Ranking regular seasons in the NBA’s Modern Era using grey relational analysis 55 ) Table A6 Continued ( PlayerJames HardenAmar’e Stoudemire 2004-05Magic Johnson 2014-15 PHOElton Brand HOULarry C Bird 1989-90 SG SNAnthony Davis LAL 0.39 0.47Yao Ming PG 0.98 2005-06 TM 0.32Larry 0.45 LAC Bird 0.50 0.35 POS 2013-14 1984-85Shaquille TS% O’Neal NOP PF 0.56 0.57 0.94 BOS 3PArChris 0.51 Paul 0.66 C FTr 1995-96 SF 2006-07 0.62Kevin Garnett 0.77 1.00 0.78 ORB% ORL HOU 0.64 1986-87 0.62David Robinson 0.77 DRB% 0.54 BOS 0.98 0.83 C 0.87 C TRB% 0.74Dwyane Wade 0.52 0.70 2002-03 0.98 AST% SF 2012-13Chris 1989-90 0.73 0.98 Paul 0.50 0.42 STL% MIN 0.73 LAC 0.48 0.42 SAS 0.73Karl 1.00 0.50 1.00 Malone BLK% 2011-12 0.79 PF PG 0.39 0.73 0.61 TO%Kevin 0.59 0.19 Durant C MIA 0.34 0.38 0.44 0.91 USG% 0.56 0.86Kobe 0.41 0.60 Bryant 0.66 0.79 SG OWS 0.53 0.52 0.51 0.91 2015-16 0.79Kevin 0.33 Durant 0.44 1992-93 0.87 DWS 0.31 0.81 1.00 0.80 0.86 0.71 LAC 0.30 2011-12 0.28 UTADeMarcus WS 0.92 Cousins 0.37 0.88 0.54 0.97 OKC 0.76 0.60 PG 0.35 0.94 0.57 WS/48 0.54Tim PF 2002-03 2013-14 Duncan 0.83 0.25 0.88 0.36 0.37 OBPM SF 0.70 2009-10 LALDirk SAC 0.58 0.35 0.34 0.56 0.61 0.42 Nowitzki 0.27 DBPM 0.94 0.10 0.76 OKC 0.47 0.14 0.44 0.81Dwight 0.88 SG 0.97 BPM Howard 0.27 0.77 C 0.62 0.25 0.10 0.93 0.78 SF 0.54 0.52 VORP 0.48Kobe 0.94 0.19 0.88 0.21 0.89 0.46 Bryant 2006-07 0.34 0.91 1.00 2004-05 0.84 PER 0.78 1.00 0.21 0.32 0.46 0.17Kawhi 0.40 0.70 2010-11 SAS 0.52 0.57 Leonard 0.69 0.51 DAL 0.37 0.99 0.17 0.60 0.82 0.62 0.99 0.41 ORL 0.81 0.40Hakeem 0.33 0.52 Olajuwon 0.16 0.37 0.96 0.60 C 0.87 PF 0.59 0.84 0.28 0.75 0.03 0.64 0.42 0.89 2006-07 C 0.39 1994-95 2015-16 0.41 0.57 0.33 0.66 0.48 0.71 0.67 0.44 0.42 0.67 0.52 0.87 LAL HOU 0.50 0.93 SAS 0.45 0.31 0.39 0.80 0.63 0.96 0.63 0.71 0.68 0.67 0.79 0.99 0.36 0.72 0.46 0.32 SG 0.63 C 0.00 SF 0.12 0.60 0.30 0.62 0.99 0.60 0.60 0.04 0.76 0.38 0.90 1.00 0.61 0.46 0.79 0.43 0.99 0.66 0.59 0.00 0.78 0.39 0.67 0.79 0.78 0.89 0.58 0.42 0.71 0.49 0.09 0.54 0.73 0.82 0.79 0.24 0.59 0.68 0.75 0.41 0.00 0.24 0.52 0.58 0.98 0.31 0.45 0.52 0.33 0.57 1.00 0.70 0.25 0.97 0.64 0.88 0.91 0.31 0.84 0.84 0.87 0.17 0.77 0.53 0.46 0.96 0.41 0.48 0.86 0.42 0.54 0.77 0.34 0.97 0.94 0.00 0.65 0.65 0.33 0.82 0.65 0.71 0.75 0.36 0.63 0.49 0.45 0.51 0.59 0.51 0.19 0.49 0.64 0.89 0.92 0.45 0.13 0.51 0.39 0.84 0.00 0.80 1.00 0.82 0.64 0.54 0.57 0.35 0.28 0.79 0.84 0.42 0.43 0.58 0.84 0.44 0.75 0.75 0.36 0.22 0.62 0.42 0.90 0.66 0.54 1.00 0.94 0.85 0.54 0.79 0.52 0.53 0.35 0.63 0.69 0.39 0.67 0.45 0.42 0.79 0.53 0.43 0.62 0.61 0.64 0.89 0.91 0.59 0.74 1.00 0.90 0.61 0.61 0.63 0.49 0.81 0.87 0.58 0.78 0.36 0.62 0.32 0.59 0.70 0.91 0.37 1.00 0.76 0.32 0.41 0.66 0.34 0.64 0.98 0.34 0.36 0.63 0.33 0.30 0.23 0.44 0.45 0.64 0.93 0.66 0.92 0.54 0.51 0.40 0.69 0.82 0.57 0.49 0.93 0.59 0.89 0.44 0.61 0.38 0.33 0.70 0.21 0.43 0.93 0.63 0.29 0.36 0.58 0.29 0.63 0.72 0.38 0.55 0.64 0.43 0.79 0.12 1.00 0.93 0.93 0.45 0.54 0.74 0.84 0.75 0.51 0.94 0.46 0.68 0.20 0.53 0.20 0.57 0.74 0.88 0.49 0.94 0.05 0.63 0.39 0.57 0.50 0.39 0.61 0.76 0.73 0.48 0.89 0.59 0.47 0.59 0.42 0.43 0.78 0.95 0.41 0.39 0.56 0.73 0.62 0.95 0.57 0.96 0.78 0.70 0.52 0.87 0.74 0.73 0.96 0.48 0.96 0.79 0.79 0.29 0.90 0.61 0.58 0.13 0.97 0.98 0.29 0.53 0.97 0.58 0.93 0.68 0.55 0.77 0.99 0.60 0.56 0.43 0.28 0.69 0.98 0.78 0.98 0.44 0.72 0.99 0.66 0.57 0.66 0.99 0.99 1.00 56 S. Pradhan / Ranking regular seasons in the NBA’s Modern Era using grey relational analysis 3 ) Continued ( Table A7 Grey relational coefficients for traditional performance indicators Charles BarkleyDwyane Wade 1990-91Karl Malone PHIShaquille 2006-07 O’Neal SF MIAShaquille O’Neal 1997-98 0.53 1996-97 SG LALShaquille O’Neal 1994-95 UTA 0.53 0.35 ORLChris C Paul 1993-94 PF 0.51 0.35 ORLKevin C Durant 0.52 0.44 0.48 1.00Kevin 0.60 C Garnett 0.48 0.40 0.85 1.00 0.74Kevin 0.56 0.54 0.55 Durant 0.85 0.94 2007-08 2012-13 0.37 0.63 0.56Dirk 0.44 0.52 NOH OKC Nowitzki 2004-05 0.94 0.39 0.53 0.53 0.70 0.35 PG MIN SF 0.41 0.54 2015-16 0.37 0.84 0.63 0.49 0.70 0.89 0.52 PF OKC 0.94 2005-06 0.52 0.33 0.33 0.83 0.59 0.51 0.89 DAL 0.49 0.94 SF 1.00 0.33 0.34 0.80 0.33 0.98 0.49 0.52 0.45 PF 0.33 0.33 1.00 0.63 0.34 0.68 0.42 0.41 0.33 0.46 0.68 0.61 0.47 0.33 0.94 0.63 0.33 0.50 0.67 0.47 0.41 0.47 0.59 0.42 0.75 0.60 0.94 0.33 0.57 0.63 0.52 0.44 0.45 0.65 0.49 0.64 0.47 0.50 0.75 0.54 0.63 0.64 0.40 0.66 0.52 0.43 0.47 0.46 0.48 0.53 0.52 0.41 0.68 0.44 0.43 0.71 0.65 0.45 0.34 0.52 0.48 0.47 0.66 0.35 0.75 0.72 0.49 0.34 0.42 0.74 0.42 0.40 0.50 0.55 0.42 0.37 0.59 0.36 0.49 0.66 0.68 0.55 0.42 0.41 0.41 0.65 0.48 0.42 0.36 0.47 0.37 0.43 0.69 0.63 0.41 0.47 0.48 0.55 0.53 0.57 0.54 0.54 0.39 0.41 0.73 0.35 0.45 0.41 0.55 0.56 0.63 0.54 0.71 0.53 0.45 0.47 0.59 0.40 0.34 0.64 0.41 0.36 0.42 0.57 0.50 0.56 0.63 0.63 0.35 0.35 0.54 0.36 0.52 0.44 0.39 0.40 0.37 0.61 0.57 0.79 0.78 0.95 0.51 0.36 0.41 0.38 0.51 0.43 0.36 0.44 0.34 0.50 0.52 0.34 0.68 0.51 0.42 0.38 0.47 0.40 0.50 0.34 0.53 0.56 0.45 0.93 0.58 0.44 0.53 0.51 0.39 0.34 0.45 0.91 0.54 0.94 0.34 0.56 0.83 0.42 0.36 0.82 0.37 0.55 0.74 0.56 0.44 0.45 0.55 0.46 0.33 0.41 0.45 0.58 0.43 0.49 0.42 0.42 0.57 0.39 0.37 0.75 0.54 0.39 0.53 0.40 0.36 0.52 0.42 0.39 0.40 0.71 0.75 0.53 0.67 0.49 PlayerMichael JordanLeBron James 1987-88Michael Jordan CHILeBron James 2008-09 SG 1990-91 CLEStephen SN Curry CHI 1.00Michael SF Jordan 2012-13 1.00 SG TM MIAMichael 0.94 2015-16 Jordan 0.39 1.00 POS GSW 1989-90 PF 0.94LeBron 0.90 James GP% 1.00 PG CHI 0.49 1988-89 GS%Anthony 0.74 0.39 Davis 0.52 0.50 0.85 CHI SG MP 0.74 0.57LeBron 0.74 James 2009-10 0.50 FGM 0.85 0.48 1.00 SG 0.34 2014-15 CLEDavid 0.43 FGA Robinson 0.44 0.74 0.53 0.35 1.00 NOP 0.94 FG% 0.59Shaquille SF 0.54 0.42 O’Neal 0.40 2011-12 3PM 0.58 0.43 1993-94 0.94 PF 0.35 0.46 MIA 0.96 0.49Shaquille 3PA 0.74 0.82 O’Neal 1999-00 0.71 SAS 0.39 0.36 0.62 3P% 0.38 0.55 0.47 SF 0.74 LALDwyane 0.40 0.41 0.71 Wade 0.57 1998-99 2PM 0.46 0.50 C 0.55 1.00 0.43 0.41 2PA 0.54 0.74 LALTracy 0.58 0.77 0.44 McGrady C 0.48 0.58 1.00 2P% 0.73 0.53 0.42 0.47 0.39 0.89 0.77 0.58Shaquille 2008-09 0.84 eFG% C 0.48 O’Neal 0.49 0.69 0.51 0.85 0.50 0.41 2002-03 0.47 0.50 0.89 0.35 MIA 0.35 0.63 0.61 FTChris 0.59 Paul 0.67 2000-01 0.47 0.85 0.51 ORL 0.91 0.52 0.36 0.38 0.97 0.52 0.72 0.75 SG FTA 0.57 0.72 LALKevin 0.40 0.43 Durant 0.53 0.56 0.55 0.50 0.56 0.91 SG 0.54 FT% 0.38 0.76 0.43 0.85 0.33 0.48 0.74 0.48 0.73Michael ORB 0.63 0.68 C Jordan 0.48 0.56 1.00 0.71 0.50 0.36 0.34 0.60 0.39 DRB 0.43 0.85 0.78 0.47 0.56 0.36Michael 0.48 0.38 Jordan 0.37 0.36 0.68 0.38 0.42 TRB 0.47 0.52 0.52 0.68 2008-09 2013-14 0.45 0.37 0.76 0.47 0.57 0.39 1986-87 0.36 AST 0.34 0.53 0.58Shaquille 0.46 0.42 0.59 NOH OKC O’Neal 0.59 0.51 0.68 0.51 0.39 0.33 0.64 STL 0.44 0.97 0.34 0.78 0.51 CHI 0.54 1.00 0.62 0.36 1992-93 PG 0.49Shaquille SF 0.42 0.44 BLK O’Neal 0.33 0.39 2001-02 0.51 0.62 0.62 0.51 0.48 0.43 0.35 0.33 CHI 0.77 0.39 0.51 0.49 SG 0.61 0.33 0.81 0.57 0.54 TO LALKevin 0.44 0.45 0.48 0.61 0.94 Garnett 0.47 0.33 2002-03 0.39 0.48 0.38 0.45 0.38 0.57 0.80 0.53 0.78 0.74 1.00 SG 0.53 0.39 0.44 0.39 0.81 0.39 0.33 LALDavid PF 0.94 0.37 Robinson C 0.61 0.40 0.52 0.42 0.41 0.48 0.83 0.39 0.42 0.48 0.39 0.42 0.45 1.00 0.75 0.61 0.54 0.81 0.45 PTS 0.49 0.41Michael 0.48 0.60 0.59 0.52 0.80 0.58 C Jordan 0.42 0.58 2003-04 0.50 0.40 0.53 0.41 0.46 0.42 0.33 0.56 1995-96 0.44 0.56 0.81 0.67 0.38 0.54 0.46 0.69 0.35 MINLeBron 0.48 0.55 0.60 0.61 1.00 James 0.33 0.45 0.47 0.67 0.52 0.34 SAS 0.42 0.53 0.68 0.64 0.48 0.48 0.42 0.49 0.78 0.48 0.47 1995-96 0.33 0.40 0.61LeBron 0.55 PF 0.62 0.75 0.44 0.33 0.58 1.00 0.47 0.84 James 0.49 0.52 0.47 0.44 0.56 0.37 0.43 C 0.62 0.66 CHI 0.82 0.67 0.50 0.58 0.37 0.57 0.42 0.37 0.40David 0.37 1.00 0.37 0.48 0.48 Robinson 0.49 2013-14 0.55 0.59 0.58 0.47 0.37 0.43 0.37 0.61 0.45 0.47 SG 0.39 0.56 0.44 0.34 1.00 0.56 0.52 MIA 0.45 0.41 1.00Russell 0.36 0.47 0.59 0.41 Westbrook 2007-08 0.55 0.54 0.38 0.65 0.74 0.35 0.56 0.45 0.70 1994-95 0.80 0.45 1.00 0.42 1.00 2014-15 0.57 0.39 0.43 0.38 0.56 CLE PF 0.57 0.60 0.73 0.42 0.44 0.51 0.47 0.46 0.58 SAS 0.69 0.58 OKC 0.33 0.40 0.43 0.53 0.51 0.57 1.00 0.76 0.60 0.64 0.83 1.00 0.47 0.52 SF 0.77 0.60 0.50 0.42 0.86 1.00 0.63 0.33 0.65 0.44 PG 0.49 0.51 0.33 0.45 0.36 C 1.00 0.33 0.40 0.51 0.37 0.58 0.63 0.48 0.33 0.77 0.58 0.74 0.71 0.38 0.63 0.33 0.63 0.46 0.53 0.38 0.36 0.34 0.44 0.36 0.43 0.65 0.46 0.62 0.40 0.36 0.49 0.56 0.94 0.33 0.68 0.40 0.51 0.43 0.92 0.59 0.34 0.53 0.52 0.36 0.45 0.42 0.37 0.49 0.36 0.52 0.42 0.61 0.68 0.50 0.39 0.94 0.40 0.34 0.52 0.44 0.33 0.45 0.72 0.53 0.62 0.66 0.44 0.41 1.00 0.58 0.43 0.49 0.59 0.40 0.47 0.57 0.51 0.58 0.45 0.34 0.58 0.48 0.41 0.58 0.83 0.74 0.79 0.59 0.63 0.84 0.58 0.72 0.43 0.55 0.48 0.50 0.60 0.45 0.41 0.40 0.41 0.44 0.79 0.39 0.35 0.34 0.43 0.42 0.47 0.61 0.37 0.48 0.41 0.48 0.77 0.43 0.56 0.43 0.35 0.40 0.33 0.39 0.65 0.74 0.41 0.56 0.53 0.49 0.44 0.57 0.56 0.47 0.55 0.56 0.41 0.39 0.63 0.40 0.34 0.38 0.59 0.43 0.67 0.38 0.43 0.66 0.46 0.41 0.47 0.50 0.34 0.67 0.45 0.77 0.48 0.37 0.48 0.41 0.44 0.45 0.40 0.44 0.36 0.57 0.34 0.36 0.55 0.78 0.65 0.42 0.42 0.52 0.55 0.52 0.41 0.38 0.51 0.56 0.45 0.55 0.46 0.33 0.86 0.82 0.37 0.58 0.45 0.52 0.65 0.59 0.55 0.52 0.50 0.47 0.48 0.42 0.42 0.81 0.38 0.46 0.78 0.49 0.59 0.45 0.61 0.47 0.33 0.48 0.44 0.63 0.35 0.37 0.46 0.41 0.41 0.52 0.74 0.38 0.44 1.00 0.44 0.66 0.33 0.47 0.54 0.45 0.35 1.00 0.47 0.61 0.39 0.87 0.52 0.55 0.56 0.60 0.58 0.51 0.61 0.43 0.69 0.40 0.60 0.69 0.43 0.57 0.36 0.50 0.53 0.45 0.63 0.51 0.38 0.41 0.74 0.38 0.44 0.49 0.62 0.44 0.39 0.41 0.51 0.39 0.56 0.42 0.65 0.44 0.58 0.45 0.42 0.52 0.63 0.48 0.35 0.57 0.45 0.44 0.43 0.40 0.47 0.60 0.51 0.59 0.45 0.58 0.34 0.55 0.50 0.37 0.56 0.60 0.42 0.39 0.48 0.34 0.86 0.43 0.63 0.50 0.33 0.60 0.50 0.48 0.59 0.46 0.5 0.52 S. Pradhan / Ranking regular seasons in the NBA’s Modern Era using grey relational analysis 57 3 ) Continued ( ) Table A7 Continued ( Charles BarkleyAmar’e Stoudemire 2007-08 1987-88LeBron James PHO PHIDavid Robinson C PFDavid Robinson 2015-16 1991-92 0.85 0.89Hakeem Olajuwon CLE SAS 0.85 0.89 1990-91LeBron 1992-93 James SF 0.77 0.41 SAS HOU CKarl Malone 0.74 0.46 0.48 C CShaquille 0.55 O’Neal 0.72 0.74 0.67 2010-11 0.61Charles 0.55 1.00 0.89 1.00 0.86 Barkley MIA 1996-97 0.49 0.50 0.34 1.00Karl 0.36 0.94 1989-90 Malone SF LAL 0.44 0.34 0.55 0.38 0.42 UTA 0.49 1989-90Tim Duncan 0.85 0.42 0.53 0.68 C 0.52 0.55 0.47 PF PHITim 0.51 0.50 Duncan 0.85 0.64 0.39 0.52 0.63 0.35 1.00 0.60 0.63 SF 0.44Chris 1999-00 0.43 0.33 Paul 0.55 0.64 0.72 0.94 0.35 1.00 0.57 0.50 UTA 0.34 0.85Magic 2003-04 0.33 0.33 Johnson 0.47 0.47 0.70 0.48 0.77 0.40 0.54 PF 0.34 0.34 SAS 0.85Tim 2004-05 0.59 Duncan 0.62 0.60 0.49 0.50 0.71 0.33 0.49 0.41 0.43 1.00 SAS 0.59 PF 0.57 0.50Charles 0.52 0.51 0.79 Barkley 0.60 1986-87 0.52 0.40 0.45 0.52 1.00 0.67 2011-12 0.58 0.53 0.67 PF 0.69 0.46 0.57 0.54 LAL 0.42 0.74 0.59 LAC 0.41 0.46 0.53 0.52 0.60 0.60 0.33 0.34 0.36 0.55 PG 0.52 1988-89 2001-02 0.99 0.47 PG 0.34 0.49 0.40 0.47 0.34 0.51 0.42 0.46 0.55 0.53 PHI 0.52 SAS 0.89 0.35 0.57 0.33 0.66 0.58 0.55 0.48 0.50 0.66 0.70 0.44 0.40 0.51 0.83 0.36 0.89 0.52 0.64 0.66 PF 0.49 0.51 PF 0.34 0.37 0.38 0.42 0.55 0.70 0.61 0.47 0.40 0.46 0.56 0.46 0.37 0.42 0.33 0.51 0.50 0.45 0.62 0.60 1.00 0.85 0.56 0.47 0.49 0.54 0.56 0.68 0.43 0.48 0.34 0.41 0.62 0.43 0.48 0.45 0.53 0.37 0.65 1.00 0.85 0.33 0.65 0.50 0.45 0.55 0.38 0.65 0.58 0.49 0.50 0.69 0.96 0.75 0.38 0.67 0.43 0.75 0.34 0.34 0.36 0.51 0.33 0.53 0.44 0.59 0.36 0.65 0.37 0.43 0.46 0.48 0.77 0.53 0.45 0.77 0.80 0.42 0.50 0.34 0.55 0.69 0.36 0.61 0.34 0.35 0.48 0.39 0.36 0.42 0.56 0.72 0.60 0.40 0.50 0.34 0.60 0.44 1.00 0.34 0.53 0.48 0.50 0.45 0.42 0.55 0.44 0.48 0.71 0.80 0.42 0.46 0.54 0.51 0.44 0.41 0.88 0.79 0.44 0.66 0.46 0.57 0.58 0.40 0.33 0.35 0.47 0.51 0.65 0.61 0.45 0.44 0.50 0.41 0.39 0.37 0.42 0.58 0.34 0.38 0.56 0.52 0.34 0.40 0.72 0.61 0.47 0.78 0.38 0.38 0.47 0.46 0.40 0.50 0.48 0.66 0.47 0.38 0.36 0.37 0.42 0.49 0.52 0.47 0.63 0.40 0.36 0.45 0.38 0.45 0.41 0.42 0.49 0.67 0.45 0.42 0.40 0.63 0.58 0.36 0.53 0.47 0.42 1.00 0.47 0.49 0.52 0.48 0.35 0.50 0.39 0.46 0.52 0.35 0.42 0.70 0.36 0.71 0.36 0.40 0.46 0.77 0.39 0.48 0.81 0.62 0.47 0.71 0.48 0.55 0.58 0.39 0.37 0.40 0.34 0.38 0.49 0.60 0.38 0.61 0.40 0.46 0.38 0.66 0.58 0.33 0.52 0.37 0.40 0.55 0.46 0.47 0.64 0.33 0.36 0.91 0.54 0.47 0.61 0.54 0.73 0.53 0.48 0.55 0.67 0.75 0.74 0.72 0.41 0.35 0.60 0.33 0.39 0.40 0.38 0.38 0.68 0.36 0.63 0.47 0.57 0.43 0.52 0.37 0.37 0.45 0.45 0.50 0.39 0.47 0.47 PlayerDwyane WadeStephen CurryKobe Bryant 2009-10Karl MIA Malone 2014-15David SG GSW Robinson SN PG 2005-06Larry 0.77 Bird LAL 1997-98 0.89 0.77Michael 1997-98 TM Jordan SG SAS 0.56 UTA 0.89Michael POS Jordan 0.48 0.94 GP% 0.89 PF CDwyane 1996-97 Wade GS% 0.42 0.51 0.89 1987-88 0.94 CHI MPDirk 0.65 1991-92 Nowitzki 0.41 0.63 0.37 BOS 0.94 FGM CHIRussell SG 0.65 0.38 0.43 0.76 Westbrook FGA 2005-06 0.50 SF 0.41 0.80 0.63 FG% 0.34 1.00 SG 2015-16 MIA 0.50 0.56 0.74 2006-07 0.39 3PM 0.64 OKC 0.37 1.00 0.89 0.57 SG DAL 0.47 3PA 0.81 0.71 0.76 PG 0.48 0.48 3P% 0.54 0.89 0.55 0.71 0.33 PF 0.43 0.49 0.54 2PM 0.63 0.41 0.89 0.44 1.00 0.33 0.68 0.71 0.62 2PA 0.33 0.81 0.42 0.45 0.70 0.34 0.89 0.40 2P% 0.45 0.57 0.44 0.34 0.81 0.60 0.43 eFG% 0.72 0.43 0.71 0.49 0.43 0.48 0.50 0.54 0.57 0.54 0.41 0.42 FT 0.53 0.37 0.52 0.43 0.33 0.54 0.40 0.49 0.44 0.42 0.59 0.57 FTA 0.61 0.33 0.35 0.39 0.41 0.45 0.46 0.66 0.61 FT% 0.42 0.37 0.36 0.99 0.37 0.74 0.34 0.68 ORB 0.57 0.47 0.47 0.52 0.35 0.34 0.60 0.42 0.40 0.61 DRB 0.35 0.46 0.72 0.57 0.38 0.47 0.45 TRB 0.36 0.35 0.43 0.78 0.41 0.47 0.61 0.42 0.38 AST 0.50 0.55 0.48 0.51 0.52 0.35 0.35 0.43 0.46 0.59 0.75 STL 0.41 0.50 0.50 0.56 0.54 0.54 0.38 BLK 0.44 0.41 0.42 0.64 0.46 0.39 0.42 0.54 0.47 0.40 0.37 0.59 TO 0.42 0.40 0.58 0.44 0.34 0.43 0.40 0.39 0.53 0.43 0.42 0.73 0.55 PF 0.56 0.44 0.38 0.47 1.00 0.50 0.58 0.64 0.49 0.37 0.46 0.67 0.73 0.40 PTS 0.42 0.65 0.37 0.35 0.37 0.43 0.41 0.38 0.45 0.36 0.43 0.63 0.47 0.38 0.56 0.38 0.43 0.39 0.69 0.44 0.42 0.54 0.37 0.51 0.48 0.95 0.41 0.86 0.39 0.40 0.52 0.47 0.38 0.44 0.48 0.38 0.46 0.47 0.45 0.50 0.47 0.38 0.35 0.39 0.53 0.61 0.45 0.37 0.49 0.71 0.38 0.49 0.52 0.71 0.52 0.71 0.58 0.39 0.63 0.54 0.57 0.37 0.52 0.58 0.36 0.34 0.41 0.59 0.37 0.34 0.44 0.68 0.52 0.51 0.60 0.4 0.45 58 S. Pradhan / Ranking regular seasons in the NBA’s Modern Era using grey relational analysis ) Table A7 Continued ( PlayerLeBron JamesShaquille O’NealTim Duncan 2005-06 2004-05Magic Johnson CLE MIAKevin Love SF SN CKevin 2002-03 Garnett 1988-89 0.85 0.65 SAS LALMoses TM Malone 0.85 0.65 PF PG POS 0.33James Harden 2013-14 0.75 2005-06 GP% 0.62 0.77 0.94Amar’e MIN 0.46 Stoudemire GS% MIN 1981-82 0.42 0.77 0.94 2004-05 MP 0.74 PFMagic HOU Johnson PF 0.42 PHO 0.50 0.42 2014-15 FGM 1.00Elton 0.77 C Brand HOU 0.74 FGA 0.39 0.42 0.45 C 0.33 FG% 0.77Larry 0.47 SG Bird 0.75 0.74 0.61 1989-90 0.94 0.33 3PM 0.60 0.56 1.00 LAL 0.44Anthony 0.94 0.33 0.49 0.50 Davis 3PA 0.94 0.54 0.43 0.42 0.81 3P% 0.51 PG 0.37 0.34 0.94 0.34Yao Ming 0.49 2005-06 0.55 2PM 0.59 0.93 0.39 0.69 0.34 0.53 0.69 0.43 0.85 LACLarry 2PA 0.72 Bird 0.38 2013-14 0.57 0.52 0.38 0.41 0.54 2P% 0.43 1984-85 0.85 0.43 PF NOPShaquille 0.40 0.49 0.50 0.75 O’Neal 0.92 eFG% 0.34 0.57 BOS 0.52 0.51 0.72 0.55 0.53 0.55 0.85Chris 0.34 0.77 C FT 0.37 Paul 0.35 0.37 0.33 SF 0.50 0.61 0.43 0.67 1995-96 0.52 0.63 0.85 2006-07 0.33 FTAKevin 0.34 0.50 0.56 Garnett 0.37 0.78 ORL 0.53 0.48 0.43 0.89 HOU 0.46 0.33 FT% 0.43 0.33 1986-87 0.33 0.57 0.74 0.35David 0.42 ORB 0.58 Robinson 0.52 0.33 0.48 0.47 0.77 0.50 0.41 C BOS 0.67 0.74 C 0.40 DRB 0.46 0.45 0.40 0.43 0.64Dwyane 0.46 0.43 0.42 0.40 0.50 Wade 0.36 0.57 TRB SF 2002-03 0.45 0.42 0.38 0.42 0.98 0.69 2012-13 0.33 0.52 0.40 0.46 0.44 0.66 0.78 1989-90 AST 0.56Chris 0.54 Paul MIN 0.68 0.60 0.49 0.68 LAC 0.48 0.36 0.37 0.36 0.46 STL 0.74 0.33 SAS 0.37 0.39 0.44 0.44 0.33Karl 0.36 0.47 0.48 Malone BLK PF 0.58 PG 0.65 2011-12 0.61 0.40 0.47 0.78 0.34 0.77 0.52 0.42 0.53 0.33 0.81 0.57 0.37 C 0.71 TOKevin 0.61 MIA 0.38 0.68 Durant 0.50 0.45 0.45 0.76 0.59 1.00 0.60 0.41 0.33 0.42 0.61 0.37 0.69 0.44 0.44 0.57 0.52 0.53 0.43 1.00 0.44Kobe 0.40 SG PF 0.34 0.54 0.61 1.00 0.60 0.61 0.57 0.37 Bryant 0.59 1.00 0.46 0.35 0.75 0.50 0.36 0.63 0.47 2015-16 0.49 0.49 0.64 0.76 0.80 0.77 0.83 PTS 0.51 0.83 0.38 1.00 0.94 0.45Kevin 1992-93 0.42 Durant 0.51 0.34 0.72 0.58 LAC 0.45 0.44 0.43 0.64 0.54 0.33 0.74 0.35 2011-12 UTA 0.55 0.33 0.47 0.33 0.56 0.45 0.47DeMarcus 0.36 0.41 0.47 0.60 Cousins 0.44 PG 0.33 OKC 0.50 0.40 0.46 0.40 0.33 0.43 0.39 1.00 0.57 PF 1.00 0.86 0.90 0.60 0.44 0.37 0.44 0.46 2002-03Tim 1.00 2013-14 0.44 0.33 0.41 Duncan 0.52 SF 0.68 0.41 0.41 0.42 0.38 0.35 0.68 0.43 0.42 0.47 0.38 0.35 1.00 LAL 2009-10 SAC 0.65 0.42 0.44 0.71 0.49 0.49 0.33Dirk 0.43 0.38 0.50 Nowitzki 0.68 0.56 0.58 0.61 0.39 0.34 1.00 OKC 0.40 0.47 0.60 0.53 0.52 1.00 SG 0.39 0.62 0.39 0.42 0.52 0.38 0.75 C 0.94Dwight 0.41 0.35 0.33 0.59 0.48 0.46 Howard 0.41 1.00 0.43 0.52 SF 0.48 0.41 0.41 0.48 0.38 0.41 0.37 0.45 1.00 0.59 0.53 0.37 0.40 0.33 0.50 0.82Kobe 0.45 0.35 2006-07 0.52 0.61 0.61 0.65 0.50 0.50 Bryant 0.43 0.87 0.37 1.00 0.51 0.34 0.49 2004-05 0.33 1.00 0.73 0.48 0.35 0.36 0.63 0.50 SAS 0.50 2010-11 0.54 0.46Kawhi 0.59 0.61 0.36 0.40 DAL 0.98 0.52 Leonard 0.53 0.47 1.00 0.54 0.36 0.38 0.35 0.52 0.39 0.51 ORL 0.51 0.55 1.00 0.48 0.42 0.50 0.51 0.64 0.41 0.56 0.63Hakeem 0.37 0.42 C 0.57 PF 0.39 0.46 Olajuwon 0.42 0.35 0.39 0.45 0.81 0.42 0.46 0.54 0.39 0.63 0.33 C 0.57 0.50 0.46 0.42 0.56 0.41 2006-07 0.45 1994-95 2015-16 0.81 0.89 0.97 0.48 0.41 0.45 0.35 0.40 0.34 0.52 0.63 0.42 0.49 0.47 0.49 LAL 0.66 HOU 0.34 0.36 0.37 SAS 0.81 0.81 0.48 0.42 0.45 0.38 0.56 0.65 0.89 0.47 0.53 0.45 0.34 0.39 0.35 0.41 0.41 0.54 SG 0.41 0.69 0.44 0.44 0.56 C 0.55 0.81 SF 0.75 0.40 0.60 0.54 0.51 0.88 0.58 0.83 0.33 0.61 0.44 0.42 0.45 0.37 0.44 0.88 0.51 0.43 0.77 0.49 0.47 0.37 0.40 0.50 0.40 0.35 0.34 0.55 0.63 0.34 0.45 0.68 0.63 0.45 0.39 0.43 0.62 0.53 0.50 0.35 0.41 0.55 0.77 0.33 0.53 0.33 0.80 0.65 0.50 0.51 0.38 0.44 0.65 0.34 0.91 0.63 0.47 0.55 0.63 0.48 0.54 0.50 0.47 0.38 0.47 0.38 0.87 0.61 0.46 0.46 0.61 0.88 0.34 0.81 0.37 0.41 0.34 0.50 0.51 0.38 0.42 0.53 0.57 0.34 0.54 0.40 0.92 0.55 0.33 0.34 0.66 0.46 0.40 0.67 0.35 0.62 0.34 0.39 0.40 0.45 0.61 0.46 0.40 0.41 0.42 0.34 0.33 0.49 0.64 0.44 0.37 0.92 0.35 0.45 0.73 0.52 0.36 0.46 0.45 0.56 0.71 0.40 0.39 0.34 0.39 0.33 0.43 0.43 0.48 0.53 0.33 0.52 0.42 0.48 0.80 0.51 0.42 0.44 0.33 0.44 0.63 0.52 0.43 0.79 0.44 0.50 0.48 0.76 0.36 0.57 0.44 0.34 0.33 0.63 0.45 0.67 0.55 0.49 0.62 0.47 0.48 0.76 0.61 0.41 0.35 0.35 0.44 0.34 0.33 0.42 0.51 0.67 0.53 0.40 0.54 0.62 0.61 0.93 0.56 0.36 0.81 0.68 0.44 0.70 0.44 0.38 0.45 0.49 0.51 0.40 0.46 0.60 0.36 0.56 0.37 0.43 0.66 0.39 0.51 0.40 0.45 0.70 0.58 0.63 0.36 0.79 0.34 0.47 0.42 0.42 0.42 0.39 0.39 0.53 0.43 0.50 0.65 0.45 0.56 0.44 0.44 0.46 0.40 0.50 0.83 0.45 0.76 0.41 0.52 0.37 0.58 0.37 0.57 0.40 0.44 0.38 0.36 0.36 0.42 0.45 0.43 0.68 0.37 0.44 0.50 0.67 0.34 0.41 0.41 0.63 0.52 0.59 0.57 0.53 0.42 0.39 0.34 0.44 0.42 0.83 0.48 0.53 0.83 0.44 0.58 0.84 0.59 0.33 0.59 0.63 0.38 0.35 0.90 0.39 0.41 0.36 0.42 0.59 0.41 0.37 S. Pradhan / Ranking regular seasons in the NBA’s Modern Era using grey relational analysis 59 ) Continued ( Table A8 Grey relational coefficients for advanced performance indicators PlayerMichael JordanLeBron James 1987-88Michael Jordan CHILeBron James 2008-09 1990-91Stephen SG Curry SN CLE CHIMichael Jordan 0.51 2012-13 SFMichael TM SG 0.34 Jordan MIA 2015-16 0.46 1989-90LeBron 0.41 GSW POS James 0.51 PF 0.47 TS% CHI 1988-89Anthony PG 0.36 Davis 0.38 0.44 0.70 3PAr CHILeBron 0.38 1.00 SG James 2009-10 FTr 0.43 0.37 0.35David 2014-15 1.00 SG Robinson 0.52 CLE 0.38 ORB% 0.39 NOP 0.33Shaquille DRB% 0.39 O’Neal 0.55 0.48 2011-12 SF 0.36 0.37 1993-94 TRB% 0.40Shaquille 0.38 PF 0.35 0.36 O’Neal MIA 1999-00 0.51 AST% SAS 0.45Dwyane 0.42 0.46 Wade 0.46 0.52 0.39 LAL STL% SF 1998-99 0.39 0.48 0.39Tracy C BLK% McGrady 0.34 0.40 LAL 0.46 0.59 0.51 1.00 C 0.48 TO% 0.42Shaquille 0.39 0.45 O’Neal 2008-09 0.42 0.38 0.39 C 0.35 USG% 2002-03 0.52 0.43 0.44Chris 0.42 MIA Paul 0.45 0.34 0.41 0.57 2000-01 OWS 0.41 0.89 ORL 0.33 0.44 0.53Kevin DWS Durant 0.50 SG LAL 0.47 0.65 0.42 0.44 0.39 SG 0.45 0.52 0.33 0.62 WSMichael 0.48 0.39 Jordan 0.42 0.47 0.65 C 0.50 0.41 0.56 0.39 WS/48 0.43 0.57Michael 0.55 Jordan 0.49 0.41 0.40 0.72 0.58 0.80 2008-09 2013-14 OBPM 0.47 0.42 0.64 0.34 1986-87Shaquille 0.51 0.42 0.42 1.00 O’Neal NOH DBPM OKC 0.65 0.85 0.65 0.40 0.50 0.44 0.47 0.33 CHI 1992-93Shaquille 0.36 0.37 BPM O’Neal 0.62 0.36 0.48 PG 2001-02 SF 0.79 0.57 0.53 0.62 0.38 VORP 0.49 CHIKevin 0.51 0.37 0.95 SG Garnett 1.00 0.70 LAL 0.53 2002-03 0.63 0.49 0.48 0.67 0.67 PER 0.45 0.56 0.37David SG Robinson 0.42 0.39 0.68 0.54 LAL 0.85 0.40 0.52 0.40 0.90 0.89 0.40 0.51 C 0.42 0.40 0.56Michael 0.80 0.75 0.89 0.35 Jordan 0.39 0.41 2003-04 0.44 0.48 0.36 C 0.65 0.95 0.51 1995-96 0.46 0.37 0.50 0.46 0.70LeBron 0.41 0.92 0.39 0.44 0.39 James 0.33 MIN 0.99 0.39 1.00 0.79 0.35 0.34 SAS 0.33 0.50 1995-96LeBron 0.35 0.68 0.42 0.63 0.90 0.65 James 0.68 0.45 0.37 0.40 0.67 PF 0.50 1.00 0.49 0.46 0.52 0.61 0.63 0.33 0.63 CHIDavid C 0.40 0.76 Robinson 0.52 0.95 0.38 0.47 2013-14 0.75 0.57 0.36 0.65 0.53 0.40 0.48 0.87 0.60 0.33 0.54Russell 0.46 0.63 0.52 SG 0.49 0.84 Westbrook MIA 0.65 0.68 0.46 2007-08 0.34 0.47 0.52 1994-95 0.38 1.00 0.46 2014-15 0.41 0.42 0.56Charles 0.96 0.62 0.44 Barkley 0.44 1.00 0.45 CLE 0.35 0.34 0.72 PF 0.35 0.52 0.48 0.73 0.36 0.54 SAS 0.38 OKC 0.51 0.71 0.69Dwyane 0.50 0.53 0.40 Wade 0.75 1.00 1.00 SF 0.39 0.45 0.46 0.93 0.53 0.77 0.40 0.47 0.48 0.54 0.77 PG 0.59 1990-91 0.62 0.70Karl C 0.74 0.38 0.42 0.70 0.79 Malone 0.59 0.62 0.70 0.60 0.52 0.46 0.42 0.40 0.99 1.00 0.90 PHI 0.37 0.41 0.34 0.75 0.43Shaquille 0.45 0.59 O’Neal 2006-07 0.60 0.97 0.40 0.95 0.69 0.86 0.50 0.41 0.39 0.70 0.45 0.53 0.85 0.76 0.38 0.44 0.73 0.69 0.42 0.33Shaquille 0.70 0.62 SF MIA 0.54 O’Neal 0.34 0.34 1997-98 0.44 0.47 0.75 0.38 0.89 0.96 0.36 0.42 0.74 0.38 0.37 1996-97 0.93 0.82 0.54 0.40Shaquille 0.67 0.42 0.73 0.92 0.51 SG O’Neal 0.67 0.59 0.35 LAL 0.46 1994-95 0.55 0.38 0.46 0.70 UTA 0.51 0.58 0.37 0.40Chris 0.54 0.52 0.37 1.00 0.40 Paul 0.52 0.91 0.48 ORL 0.35 0.84 0.44 0.48 1993-94 0.44 0.68 0.41 C 0.49 0.53 0.58 PF 0.53 0.48 0.43 0.62Kevin 0.50 0.44 Durant 0.37 0.37 ORL 0.83 0.45 0.46 0.74 0.82 0.43 C 0.49 0.67 0.34 0.56 0.44 0.53 0.46 0.45 0.57 0.49Kevin 0.57 0.42 0.49 0.45 0.62 Garnett 0.73 0.59 0.58 0.75 0.93 C 0.83 0.45 0.40 0.45 0.43 0.33 0.34 0.62 0.72Kevin 0.50 0.54 0.63 0.43 Durant 0.39 0.76 0.35 0.51 0.54 0.52 0.50 0.47 0.70 0.67 2007-08 2012-13 0.62 0.46 0.59 0.53 0.42 0.33 0.51 0.47Dirk 0.64 0.78 Nowitzki 0.50 0.78 NOH OKC 0.71 2004-05 0.58 0.51 0.78 0.75 0.44 0.48 0.47 0.76 0.48 0.59 0.65 0.48 0.33 0.49 0.55 0.35 0.47LeBron 0.36 0.38 0.62 0.37 James 0.52 MIN PG 0.73 SF 0.55 0.63 0.72 2015-16 0.48 0.74 0.38 0.53 0.52 0.65 0.70 0.43 0.73 Dwyane 0.53 0.65 0.64 Wade 0.46 2005-06 0.51 OKC 0.36 PF 0.74 0.42 0.62 0.36 0.75 0.62 0.62 0.49 0.47 0.56 0.66 0.38 0.71 0.41 0.65 DAL 0.69 0.60 0.60 2005-06 0.43 0.41 SF 0.54 0.40 0.48 0.54 0.46 0.35 0.43 0.61 0.43 0.47 0.58 0.57 0.63 0.71 2009-10 0.66 CLE PF 0.58 0.62 0.35 0.68 0.47 0.34 0.49 0.61 1.00 0.66 0.49 0.54 0.50 0.67 0.59 0.40 0.43 0.52 0.49 MIA 0.85 0.66 0.79 0.46 0.40 SF 0.34 0.71 0.41 0.56 0.57 0.65 0.47 0.33 0.37 0.44 0.66 0.36 0.75 0.42 0.72 SG 0.63 0.56 0.71 0.42 0.34 0.66 0.38 0.44 0.40 0.50 0.47 0.61 0.37 0.55 0.52 0.43 0.34 0.90 0.39 0.45 0.35 0.39 0.46 0.51 0.72 0.49 0.71 0.56 0.59 0.44 0.41 0.34 0.35 0.42 0.60 0.61 0.39 0.41 0.42 0.56 0.96 0.44 0.94 0.42 0.38 0.40 0.62 0.57 0.47 0.47 0.60 0.34 0.55 0.57 0.37 0.39 0.44 0.43 0.43 0.62 0.38 0.60 0.55 0.70 0.54 0.44 0.35 0.57 0.56 0.40 0.40 0.44 0.84 0.78 0.54 0.60 0.57 0.54 0.56 0.59 0.91 0.66 0.38 0.42 0.76 0.49 0.56 0.43 0.46 0.44 0.59 0.66 0.38 0.63 0.58 0.38 0.44 0.47 0.44 0.61 0.44 0.45 0.51 1.00 0.45 0.56 0.35 0.58 0.61 0.48 0.64 0.37 0.46 0.44 0.70 0.63 0.40 0.42 0.61 0.55 0.40 0.48 0.42 0.37 0.59 0.37 0.33 0.55 0.56 0.43 0.36 0.56 0.50 0.50 0.40 0.39 0.51 0.58 0.49 0.57 0.43 0.55 0.52 0.43 0.51 0.68 0.36 0.65 0.45 0.3 60 S. Pradhan / Ranking regular seasons in the NBA’s Modern Era using grey relational analysis ) Continued ( ) Table A8 Continued ( PlayerStephen CurryKobe BryantKarl Malone 2014-15David Robinson GSWLarry 2005-06 Bird PG SN LALMichael 1997-98 1997-98 Jordan 0.69 SASMichael UTA SG Jordan 0.79 TMDwyane PF 0.38 0.33 Wade C 1996-97 POS 1987-88Dirk 0.47 TS% Nowitzki 0.48 CHI 1991-92 0.34 0.43 BOS 3PAr 0.39Russell 0.33 Westbrook CHI SG 2005-06 0.33 FTr SFCharles 0.50 0.36 0.35 Barkley 2015-16 MIA SG 0.55 0.40 ORB% 2006-07 0.53 OKCAmar’e Stoudemire 0.46 DRB% 0.41 DAL SG 0.43 0.59 0.35 0.37 0.40 2007-08LeBron PG TRB% 1987-88 James 0.35 0.36 PF 0.42 0.34 AST% PHO 0.65David PHI 0.37 0.60 Robinson 0.61 0.36 0.36 0.36 0.37 STL% 0.51 0.38David 0.47 C Robinson BLK% 0.50 PF 0.63 0.36 0.39 0.65 2015-16 0.69 0.40 0.44Hakeem TO% 1991-92 0.38 Olajuwon 0.84 0.40 0.94 0.38 CLE 0.56 USG% SAS 0.42LeBron 1990-91 0.41 0.41 0.35 James 1992-93 0.34 0.52 0.38 0.39 OWS 0.39 SF 0.38 SASKarl HOU 0.37 0.51 0.51 Malone DWS 0.70 C 0.43 0.43 0.39 0.46 0.45 0.40 0.35Shaquille WS O’Neal 0.42 C 0.61 C 0.46 0.69 0.48 2010-11 0.45 0.38 0.44 0.56 WS/48 0.39Charles Barkley 0.69 0.45 0.46 0.66 MIA 0.34 0.42 0.56 0.37 OBPM 1996-97 0.52 0.53Karl 0.53 0.52 0.60 1989-90 0.48 Malone 0.53 0.52 DBPM 0.47 0.34 0.33 LAL 0.34 SF 0.47 0.65 0.38 0.83Tim UTA 1989-90 BPM Duncan 0.37 0.44 0.38 0.50 0.39 0.55 0.47 0.55 0.37 0.65 0.56 0.47 C 0.61 VORPTim 0.53 PHI PF 0.57 Duncan 0.38 0.62 0.47 0.87 0.53 0.62 PER 0.43 0.36 0.65 0.41Chris 0.61 0.34 1999-00 0.37 Paul 0.61 0.62 0.37 0.38 0.70 SF 0.43 0.71 0.42 0.35 0.43 0.55Magic UTA 0.44 0.45 0.33 0.34 Johnson 0.69 2003-04 0.64 0.51 0.39 0.60 0.89 0.47 0.38 0.42 0.36 0.66 0.47 0.68 0.44 0.60Tim 0.50 0.44 PF SAS 0.37 Duncan 2004-05 0.75 0.49 0.37 0.56 0.59 0.65 0.72 0.74 0.45Charles SAS 0.55 0.52 0.57 Barkley 0.44 0.49 0.40 0.65 0.56 PF 0.50 0.36 1986-87 0.47 0.40 0.47 0.60 0.54 0.42 2011-12Shaquille 0.56 0.46 0.34 O’Neal LAL 0.71 0.53 PF 0.56 0.38 0.35 0.33 0.60 0.66 0.40 0.47 LAC 0.54 0.63 0.69 0.52 0.67 0.62Tim 0.43 0.45 1988-89 0.41 Duncan 2001-02 0.33 0.67 PG 0.45 0.34 0.67 0.62 0.34 0.38 2004-05 PG 0.59 0.52 0.46 0.50 0.66 0.43Magic 0.55 PHI SAS 0.50 Johnson 0.43 0.45 0.51 0.45 1.00 0.34 0.50 0.62 0.73 0.63 0.47 0.43 MIA 0.55 0.66 0.43 0.50 0.47 0.50Kevin 0.57 Love 0.43 0.76 0.42 PF 0.80 0.35 PF 0.75 0.59 0.52 0.48 0.55 0.47 0.51 0.61 0.47 0.48 0.64 C 0.39 0.52 0.37Kevin 0.50 0.51 0.48 Garnett 0.44 2002-03 0.48 0.42 0.39 1988-89 0.42 0.54 0.81 0.64 0.39 0.37 0.50 0.45 0.50 0.43 Moses 0.79 0.48 0.44 0.78 SAS 0.52 0.44 Malone LAL 0.61 0.38 0.46 0.34 0.39 0.38 0.40 0.45 0.58 0.37 0.46 0.50 0.56 0.34 0.46 0.56 0.43 James 0.67 0.82 0.33 0.46 Harden 0.43 0.59 PF 0.57 PG 0.41 0.56 0.43 0.53 2013-14 0.46 0.43 0.74 2005-06 0.52 0.45 0.55 0.70 0.36 0.64 0.42Amar’e 0.39 0.50 0.51 Stoudemire MIN 0.44 0.49 0.61 0.39 0.50 0.73 0.33 0.72 1981-82 MIN 0.48 0.57 0.77 0.44 0.40 0.49 2004-05 0.59Magic 0.58 0.61 0.47 Johnson 0.39 0.36 0.42 0.57 HOU 0.47 0.42 0.49 0.34 1.00 PF 0.88 0.40 0.64 0.40 PF 0.42 2014-15 0.49 PHOElton 0.33 0.46 0.69 0.53 0.50 0.45 Brand 0.38 0.43 0.42 0.57 0.63 0.40 HOU C 0.56 0.54 0.44 0.46 0.41 0.49 0.45 0.39 0.58 0.58 0.46 0.40Larry C 0.77 Bird 0.41 0.47 0.52 1989-90 0.38 0.51 0.47 SG 0.58 0.57 0.69 0.53 0.37 0.68 0.67 0.34 0.37 0.42 0.41 0.85 0.57 0.34 0.55 0.41 0.63 LAL 0.54 0.42 0.56 0.67 0.41 0.56 0.51 0.49 0.40 0.33 0.50 0.43 0.46 0.39 0.94 0.54 0.39 0.76 0.42 0.61 0.68 0.40 0.73 0.38 PG 0.34 2005-06 0.55 0.61 0.47 0.46 0.43 1.00 0.50 0.48 0.35 0.38 0.57 0.35 0.41 LAC 0.53 0.58 0.41 0.45 0.50 0.59 0.67 0.34 0.44 0.84 0.36 0.74 0.69 0.46 1984-85 1.00 0.53 0.56 0.64 0.38 0.50 0.91 0.65 0.50 PF 0.47 0.47 0.35 0.92 0.39 0.54 0.35 BOS 0.56 0.57 0.54 0.54 0.47 0.80 0.54 0.38 0.50 0.41 0.37 0.55 0.60 0.43 0.53 0.41 0.39 0.47 0.69 0.72 SF 0.49 0.60 0.55 0.45 0.78 0.37 0.39 0.59 0.83 0.57 0.79 0.41 0.33 0.39 0.49 0.44 0.51 0.35 0.45 0.58 0.76 0.52 0.65 0.55 0.47 0.39 0.50 0.58 0.57 0.43 0.42 0.39 0.40 0.54 0.41 0.48 0.38 0.56 0.82 0.37 0.40 0.34 0.62 0.42 0.42 0.52 0.57 0.49 0.46 0.50 0.44 0.33 0.46 0.35 0.45 0.34 0.36 0.45 0.57 0.34 0.56 0.74 0.55 0.50 0.33 0.48 0.39 0.46 0.41 0.39 0.49 0.63 0.39 0.38 0.41 0.37 0.50 0.77 0.57 0.36 0.46 0.37 0.44 0.39 0.64 0.83 0.56 0.60 0.36 0.38 0.39 0.47 0.65 0.73 0.68 0.58 0.76 0.41 0.57 0.47 0.60 0.53 0.54 0.55 0.41 0.45 0.65 0.50 0.38 0.39 0.58 0.55 0.52 0.70 0.49 0.48 0.49 0.52 0.56 0.41 0.53 0.37 0.74 0.43 0.73 0.61 0.42 0.41 0.45 0.38 0.41 0.61 0.38 0.46 0.35 0.58 0.60 0.52 0.55 0.48 0.40 0.40 0.45 0.59 0.52 0.48 0.41 0.38 0.51 0.59 0.51 0.41 0.36 0.62 0.44 0.62 0.59 0.53 0.59 0.59 0.45 0.38 0.50 0.65 0.51 0.44 0.53 0.41 0.79 0.50 0.57 0.63 0.40 0.38 0.39 0.45 0.50 0.67 0.42 0.55 0.38 0.39 0.49 0.57 0.65 0.70 0.52 0.60 0.45 0.67 0.43 0.41 0.61 0.55 0.54 0.38 0.42 0.38 0.50 0.43 0.58 0.59 0.49 0.38 0.60 0.49 0.46 0.58 0.44 0.40 0.59 0.57 0.55 0.54 0.55 0.60 0.55 0.35 0.54 0.37 0.53 0.37 0.51 0.38 0.43 0.52 0.61 0. S. Pradhan / Ranking regular seasons in the NBA’s Modern Era using grey relational analysis 61 ) Table A8 Continued ( PlayerAnthony DavisYao MingLarry 2013-14 BirdShaquille NOP O’NealChris Paul C SN 1995-96 2006-07Kevin Garnett ORL HOU 0.44 1986-87David TM Robinson BOS 0.34 C CDwyane POS Wade 0.42 2002-03 SF 2012-13 1989-90 0.41 TS%Chris 0.50 Paul MIN LAC 0.51 3PAr SAS 0.54 0.33 0.33Karl Malone 2011-12 PF FTr PG 0.41 0.45 0.46Kevin C MIA Durant 0.59 ORB% 0.35 0.47 0.37 0.55Kobe 0.43 DRB% Bryant SG 0.48 0.49 0.35 2015-16 0.39 TRB% 0.61 1992-93Kevin Durant 0.38 0.33 0.39 0.37 LAC 0.62 AST% 2011-12 0.64 UTADeMarcus Cousins 0.57 0.36 STL% 0.48 OKC 0.34 PG 0.35 0.47 PF 2002-03 2013-14Tim 0.38 BLK% Duncan 0.67 0.58 0.58 SF 0.42 2009-10 LAL SAC TO% 0.46 0.54Dirk 0.47 Nowitzki 0.35 0.84 0.40 OKC 0.52 0.53 USG% 0.38 SG 0.36 0.34Dwight 0.65 C Howard OWS 0.35 0.84 SF 0.48 0.49 0.51 0.35 0.73 0.36 0.36Kobe 2006-07 DWS Bryant 0.35 0.33 2004-05 0.37 0.39 0.33 0.52 0.71 0.75 0.42 2010-11 SAS WSKawhi 0.47 0.49 Leonard DAL 0.34 0.75 0.45 0.38 0.45 0.33 ORL 0.38 0.55 WS/48 0.56Hakeem 0.76 Olajuwon 0.34 C 0.45 PF 0.36 0.46 0.37 OBPM 0.64 2006-07 0.94 0.44 0.36 C 1994-95 2015-16 0.56 0.47 0.43 0.51 DBPM 0.43 0.53 0.41 0.43 0.36 0.49 LAL HOU 0.35 0.50 SAS BPM 0.62 0.56 0.41 0.44 0.34 0.44 0.34 0.42 0.39 0.41 0.58 SG VORP 0.44 C SF 0.99 0.80 0.62 0.45 0.34 0.46 0.46 0.93 0.40 PER 0.45 0.52 0.33 0.39 0.43 0.34 1.00 0.46 0.39 0.56 0.39 0.36 0.39 0.46 0.50 0.54 0.41 0.85 0.46 0.38 0.67 0.43 0.40 1.00 0.68 0.49 0.34 0.46 0.62 0.52 0.49 0.42 0.47 0.33 0.67 0.34 0.44 0.35 0.62 0.37 0.75 0.39 0.37 0.34 0.55 0.51 0.37 0.54 0.48 0.39 0.35 1.00 0.34 0.43 0.60 0.44 0.38 0.43 0.41 0.40 0.58 0.51 0.52 0.46 0.50 0.73 0.49 0.44 0.53 0.35 0.79 0.49 0.56 0.37 0.38 1.00 0.33 0.38 0.44 0.47 0.59 0.64 0.39 0.37 0.46 0.37 0.54 0.40 0.53 0.40 0.58 0.69 0.45 0.54 0.33 0.48 0.43 0.37 0.35 0.48 0.39 0.49 0.48 0.44 0.42 0.56 0.43 0.53 0.54 0.39 0.49 0.54 0.45 0.45 0.44 0.36 0.46 0.40 0.35 0.45 0.33 0.45 0.44 0.50 0.38 0.36 0.46 0.39 0.45 0.58 0.61 0.46 0.41 0.35 0.57 0.40 0.61 0.33 0.55 0.43 0.59 0.44 0.34 0.58 0.44 0.60 0.59 0.68 0.52 0.62 0.53 0.44 0.43 0.35 0.35 0.48 0.49 0.55 0.42 0.38 0.47 0.50 0.35 0.46 0.36 0.53 0.57 0.45 0.60 0.42 0.71 0.54 0.35 0.44 0.63 0.58 0.46 0.64 0.44 0.41 0.57 0.48 0.54 0.44 0.80 0.39 0.33 0.53 0.35 0.35 0.48 0.40 0.37 0.40 0.49 0.35 0.52 0.42 0.72 0.49 0.72 0.47 0.40 0.36 0.51 0.91 0.35 0.44 0.56 0.47 0.50 0.56 0.45 0.40 0.51 0.36 0.41 0.46 0.51 0.46 0.54 0.54 0.34 0.39 0.55 0.56 0.47 0.41 0.45 0.34 0.47 0.34 0.39 0.42 0.49 0.37 0.40 0.41 0.34 0.51 0.34 0.39 0.39 0.63 0.36 0.45 0.46 0.79 0.34 0.34 0.49 0.63 0.34 0.47 0.35 0.42 0.48 0.39 0.34 0.46 0.47 0.54 0.64 0.42 0.34 0.39 0.34 0.53 0.41 0.34 0.43 0.47 0.43 0.34 0.34 0.33 62 S. Pradhan / Ranking regular seasons in the NBA’s Modern Era using grey relational analysis

Table A9 Grey relational grades and rankings Player SN TM POS Traditional Rank Advanced Rank Overall Rank Stephen Curry 2015-16 GSW PG 62.19% 1 63.37% 2 62.72% 1 Michael Jordan 1987-88 CHI SG 57.70% 5 63.98% 1 60.49% 2 Michael Jordan 1988-89 CHI SG 55.90% 15 61.61% 4 58.43% 3 LeBron James 2012-13 MIA PF 55.93% 14 60.93% 5 58.16% 4 LeBron James 2008-09 CLE SF 53.88% 36 63.33% 3 58.08% 5 Michael Jordan 1990-91 CHI SG 55.60% 19 60.74% 6 57.88% 6 Charles Barkley 1987-88 PHI PF 58.72% 2 55.19% 21 57.15% 7 Charles Barkley 1989-90 PHI SF 57.32% 7 56.33% 17 56.88% 8 Dwight Howard 2010-11 ORL C 56.98% 9 56.65% 15 56.84% 9 David Robinson 1995-96 SAS C 55.00% 22 58.85% 9 56.71% 10 Michael Jordan 1989-90 CHI SG 56.39% 10 56.96% 14 56.64% 11 Charles Barkley 1988-89 PHI PF 57.30% 8 55.59% 18 56.54% 12 David Robinson 1993-94 SAS C 54.00% 31 59.26% 7 56.34% 13 Kevin Garnett 2003-04 MIN PF 54.06% 29 59.12% 8 56.31% 14 Shaquille O’Neal 1999-00 LAL C 55.32% 21 57.31% 13 56.20% 15 David Robinson 1990-91 SAS C 55.61% 18 56.39% 16 55.96% 16 LeBron James 2009-10 CLE SF 53.42% 45 58.63% 11 55.74% 17 Stephen Curry 2014-15 GSW PG 57.92% 4 52.26% 31 55.40% 18 Chris Paul 2008-09 NOH PG 52.11% 65 58.74% 10 55.06% 19 Shaquille O’Neal 1993-94 ORL C 57.48% 6 51.97% 36 55.03% 20 David Robinson 1991-92 SAS C 52.33% 61 58.28% 12 54.97% 21 Kevin Durant 2013-14 OKC SF 55.96% 13 53.68% 26 54.94% 22 Hakeem Olajuwon 1992-93 HOU C 54.02% 30 55.41% 19 54.64% 23 Michael Jordan 1986-87 CHI SG 58.45% 3 49.79% 54 54.60% 24 Kevin Garnett 2004-05 MIN PF 53.83% 37 55.30% 20 54.48% 25 David Robinson 1994-95 SAS C 54.40% 27 54.50% 24 54.44% 26 Kevin Durant 2012-13 OKC SF 56.01% 12 52.36% 30 54.39% 27 Michael Jordan 1995-96 CHI SG 53.73% 41 55.13% 22 54.35% 28 David Robinson 1989-90 SAS C 54.11% 28 53.16% 27 53.69% 29 Chris Paul 2007-08 NOH PG 52.59% 59 54.62% 23 53.49% 30 LeBron James 2013-14 MIA PF 55.67% 16 50.45% 50 53.35% 31 Kevin Love 2013-14 MIN PF 54.67% 24 51.27% 41 53.16% 32 Magic Johnson 1989-90 LAL PG 53.90% 34 52.00% 35 53.05% 33 Magic Johnson 1988-89 LAL PG 53.96% 32 51.83% 37 53.02% 34 Karl Malone 1989-90 UTA PF 56.38% 11 48.43% 69 52.85% 35 Kawhi Leonard 2015-16 SAS SF 54.72% 23 50.27% 51 52.74% 36 Shaquille O’Neal 2000-01 LAL C 53.75% 39 51.36% 39 52.69% 37 Michael Jordan 1992-93 CHI SG 53.14% 48 52.09% 34 52.67% 38 LeBron James 2011-12 MIA SF 52.88% 52 52.36% 29 52.65% 39 Kevin Garnett 2002-03 MIN PF 53.12% 50 51.74% 38 52.51% 40 Anthony Davis 2014-15 NOP PF 51.39% 72 53.89% 25 52.50% 41 Amar’e Stoudemire 2007-08 PHO C 55.49% 20 48.47% 68 52.37% 42 Moses Malone 1981-82 HOU C 55.62% 17 48.17% 75 52.31% 43 Tim Duncan 2001-02 SAS PF 52.28% 63 52.17% 33 52.23% 44 Chris Paul 2012-13 LAC PG 52.96% 51 51.16% 43 52.16% 45 Tim Duncan 2002-03 SAS PF 51.98% 66 52.22% 32 52.09% 46 Kevin Garnett 2005-06 MIN PF 51.60% 69 52.46% 28 51.98% 47 Karl Malone 1992-93 UTA PF 53.93% 33 49.45% 57 51.94% 48 Dirk Nowitzki 2005-06 DAL PF 53.75% 38 49.53% 56 51.87% 49 Karl Malone 1996-97 UTA PF 52.65% 58 50.77% 46 51.81% 50 (Continued) S. Pradhan / Ranking regular seasons in the NBA’s Modern Era using grey relational analysis 63

Table A9 (Continued) Player SN TM POS Traditional Rank Advanced Rank Overall Rank Charles Barkley 1990-91 PHI SF 52.68% 57 50.71% 47 51.80% 51 Shaquille O’Neal 1994-95 ORL C 54.59% 25 48.28% 72 51.79% 52 James Harden 2014-15 HOU SG 53.70% 42 49.11% 60 51.66% 53 Larry Bird 1987-88 BOS SF 53.89% 35 48.57% 65 51.52% 54 Tim Duncan 2006-07 SAS C 51.97% 67 50.60% 48 51.36% 55 Michael Jordan 1996-97 CHI SG 53.13% 49 49.03% 61 51.31% 56 Michael Jordan 1991-92 CHI SG 52.32% 62 50.00% 53 51.29% 57 Kevin Durant 2015-16 OKC SF 53.65% 43 48.23% 73 51.24% 58 Karl Malone 1997-98 UTA PF 52.70% 56 49.22% 59 51.15% 59 Larry Bird 1984-85 BOS SF 53.34% 46 48.37% 70 51.13% 60 Dirk Nowitzki 2006-07 DAL PF 52.82% 54 48.87% 62 51.06% 61 Dwyane Wade 2008-09 MIA SG 51.34% 73 50.54% 49 50.98% 62 Tracy McGrady 2002-03 ORL SG 51.00% 78 50.82% 45 50.92% 63 Magic Johnson 1986-87 LAL PG 52.47% 60 48.69% 63 50.79% 64 Shaquille O’Neal 1998-99 LAL C 53.28% 47 47.66% 79 50.78% 65 LeBron James 2007-08 CLE SF 50.33% 86 51.22% 42 50.72% 66 David Robinson 1997-98 SAS C 50.29% 87 51.15% 44 50.67% 67 Larry Bird 1986-87 BOS SF 52.12% 64 48.62% 64 50.57% 68 Kevin Durant 2009-10 OKC SF 54.45% 26 45.23% 92 50.35% 69 Chris Paul 2011-12 LAC PG 50.94% 79 49.59% 55 50.34% 70 Russell Westbrook 2015-16 OKC PG 51.19% 76 49.22% 58 50.31% 71 Shaquille O’Neal 2004-05 MIA C 52.79% 55 46.94% 83 50.19% 72 Amar’e Stoudemire 2004-05 PHO C 53.73% 40 45.47% 91 50.06% 73 Chris Paul 2015-16 LAC PG 51.95% 68 47.56% 80 50.00% 74 LeBron James 2005-06 CLE SF 51.17% 77 48.47% 67 49.97% 75 Tim Duncan 2004-05 SAS PF 49.47% 90 50.24% 52 49.81% 76 Dirk Nowitzki 2004-05 DAL PF 51.57% 70 47.49% 81 49.75% 77 Shaquille O’Neal 2001-02 LAL C 50.57% 84 48.53% 66 49.66% 78 LeBron James 2010-11 MIA SF 51.21% 75 47.72% 77 49.66% 79 Tim Duncan 2003-04 SAS PF 48.27% 95 51.34% 40 49.63% 80 Karl Malone 1999-00 UTA PF 51.54% 71 47.22% 82 49.62% 81 Elton Brand 2005-06 LAC PF 50.88% 80 47.75% 76 49.49% 82 Shaquille O’Neal 2002-03 LAL C 50.23% 88 48.20% 74 49.33% 83 Kobe Bryant 2005-06 LAL SG 52.87% 53 44.42% 93 49.12% 84 LeBron James 2015-16 CLE SF 50.85% 82 46.88% 84 49.08% 85 Kevin Durant 2011-12 OKC SF 53.60% 44 43.20% 96 48.98% 86 Anthony Davis 2013-14 NOP C 49.51% 89 48.30% 71 48.97% 87 Shaquille O’Neal 1997-98 LAL C 50.85% 81 45.83% 88 48.62% 88 Kobe Bryant 2002-03 LAL SG 51.27% 74 44.39% 94 48.21% 89 Russell Westbrook 2014-15 OKC PG 48.19% 96 47.72% 78 47.98% 90 Dwyane Wade 2009-10 MIA SG 48.91% 92 46.29% 86 47.74% 91 Hakeem Olajuwon 1994-95 HOU C 49.06% 91 45.77% 89 47.60% 92 DeMarcus Cousins 2013-14 SAC C 48.47% 93 46.23% 87 47.47% 93 Shaquille O’Neal 1996-97 LAL C 47.75% 97 46.75% 85 47.30% 94 Shaquille O’Neal 1995-96 ORL C 50.57% 85 42.88% 97 47.15% 95 Dwyane Wade 2005-06 MIA SG 48.33% 94 45.57% 90 47.10% 96 Kobe Bryant 2006-07 LAL SG 50.64% 83 41.97% 98 46.79% 97 Dwyane Wade 2006-07 MIA SG 46.58% 99 44.35% 95 45.59% 98 Dwyane Wade 2011-12 MIA SG 46.74% 98 41.75% 100 44.52% 99 Yao Ming 2006-07 HOU C 46.36% 100 41.97% 99 44.41% 100