Everything's an Argument with Readings
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Instructor’s Notes Everything’s an Argument with Readings Instructor’s Notes Everything’s an Argument with Readings Fourth Edition Andrea A. Lunsford John J. Ruszkiewicz Keith Walters Prepared by John Kinkade, Jodi Egerton, and Taryne Hallett Copyright © 2007 by Bedford/St. Martin’s All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, pho- tocopying, recording, or otherwise, except as may be expressly permitted by the applicable copyright statutes or in writing by the Publisher. Manufactured in the United States of America. 10987 fedcba For information write: Bedford/St. Martin’s, 75 Arlington Street, Boston, MA 02116 (617-399-4000) ISBN-10: 0-312-45169-5 ISBN-13: 978-0-312-45169-1 Contents Introduction xiii 1. Everything Is an Argument 1 2. Arguments from the Heart — Pathos 7 3. Arguments Based on Character — Ethos 10 4. Arguments Based on Facts and Reason — Logos 15 5. Thinking Rhetorically 18 6. Structuring Arguments 21 7. Arguments of Fact 25 8. Arguments of Definition 28 9. Evaluations 32 10. Causal Arguments 35 11. Proposals 38 12. Style in Arguments 41 13. Humor in Arguments 44 14. Visual Arguments 47 15. Presenting Arguments 49 16. What Counts as Evidence 51 17. Fallacies of Argument 53 18. Intellectual Property, Academic Integrity, and Avoiding Plagiarism 56 19. Evaluating and Using Sources 58 20. Documenting Sources 60 Chapter 21: Who’s the Fairest of Them All? 62 P. Byrnes, It Begins 62 Ellen Goodman, The Culture of Thin Bites Fiji 63 v Anne E. Becker, Abstract, Discussion, and Conclusion of Television, Disordered Eating, and Young Women in Fiji: Negotiating Body Image and Identity During Rapid Social Change 65 Jane Stern, Big, Review of Fat Girl: A True Story by Judith Moore 67 W. Charisse Goodman, One Picture Is Worth a Thousand Diets 68 New York Times, Reshaping America: Popular Cosmetic Procedures, by Sex 70 Rob Walker, Social Lubricant: How A Marketing Campaign Became the Catalyst for a Societal Debate 71 Meghan Daum, Those Unnerving Ads Using “Real” Women 72 Guy Trebay, When Did Skivvies Get Rated NC-17? 74 Making a Visual Argument: Three Views on Body Image Toby Old, From Waterlog: The Beach Series 76 Mikhaela Blake Reid, Your Yucky Body: A Repair Manual 76 Jason Stirman, Crossroads Baptist Church, Reflections: Body Image Seminar 76 Chapter 22: How Does the Media Stereotype You? 79 Making a Visual Argument: Artists and Comics Take On Stereotyping Geo Vittoratos, Come as Your Favorite Stereotype 79 Latino Comedy Project, Will Stereotype for Food 79 New York Arab-American Comedy Festival, The Arabs Are Coming! 79 Tania Ralli, Who’s a Looter? In the Storm’s Aftermath, Pictures Kick Up a Different Kind of Tempest 81 Chong-suk Han, Gay Asian-American Male Seeks Home 84 David Carr, On Covers of Many Magazines, a Full Racial Palette Is Still Rare 86 Commercial Closet Association, Mainstream/Business-to- Business Advertising Best Practices 87 vi Anne-Marie O’Connor, Not Only Natalee Is Missing: Is the Media’s Inattention to Missing Women Who Aren’t White Due to Deliberate Racism or Unconscious Bias? 88 David Bositis, Skin-Deep: What Polls of Minorities Miss 90 William Sea, Advertising Sets Double Standard for the Male Gender 92 The Onion, Graphic Artist Carefully Assigns Ethnicities to Anthropomorphic Recyclables 94 Chapter 23: Is Sports Just a Proxy for Politics? 97 Juliet Macur, Rowing Scholarships Available. No Experience Necessary 98 Jessica Gavora, Time’s Up for Title IX Sports 99 Ruth Conniff, Title IX: Political Football 101 Leslie Heywood, Despite the Positive Rhetoric about Women’s Sports, Female Athletes Face a Culture of Sexual Harassment 103 Barbara Munson, Common Themes and Questions about the Use of “Indian” Logos 105 Jim Shore, Play with Our Name 107 Making a Visual Argument: Editorial Cartoonists Take On the Use of Native American Mascots and Imagery Lucy A. Ganje, Reality TV 108 Lalo Alcaraz, But I’m Honoring You, Dude! 108 Thom Little Moon, Which One Is the Mascot? 108 Thad Williamson, Bad As They Wanna Be 110 Tom Sorensen, Dress Code Suitable Only to NBA Suits 112 Larry Stewart, Barkley Fully Supports NBA’s New Dress Code 113 Bryan Curtis, Cheerleaders: What to Do about Them? 115 Chapter 24: What’s It Like to Be Bilingual in the United States? 118 Tom Meyer, Just 180 Days to Learn Miwok 118 Janny Scott, Foreign Born in U.S. at Record High 120 Pew Hispanic Center/Kaiser Family Foundation, 2002 National Survey of Latinos 122 vii Rolando Briseño, Bicultural Tablesetting 123 Myriam Marquez, Why and When We Speak Spanish in Public 125 Sandra Cisneros, From Bien Pretty 126 Marjorie Agosín, Always Living in Spanish and English 128 Lan Cao, The Gift of Language 129 Andrea Lo, Finding Myself through Language 130 Mary Pipher, “Language” and “High School” from The Middle of Everywhere: Helping Refugees Enter the American Community 131 National Institute of Mental Health, “En la comunidad Latina tenemos una cultura de silencio” 132 Samuel G. Freedman, It’s Latino Parents Speaking Out on Bilingual Education Failures 134 Firoozeh Dumas, From Funny in Farsi: A Memoir of Growing Up Iranian in America 135 Chapter 25: What Does Your Language Say about Your Identity? 139 Chicago Women’s Club, Pledge for Children 140 Ariel Dorfman, If Only We All Spoke Two Languages 142 Chang-rae Lee, Mute in an English-Only World 144 Amy Tan, Mother Tongue 144 John Rickford, Suite for Ebony and Phonics 146 David D. Troutt, Defining Who We Are in Society 147 Making a Visual Argument: Public Service Campaigns Use Language to Send a Message National Youth Anti-Drug Media Campaign, He Might Dump Me . 149 National Youth Anti-Drug Media Campaign, You Smoked Weed . 149 National Youth Anti-Drug Media Campaign, Labeled . 149 National Youth Anti-Drug Media Campaign, You Scan Me . 149 viii National Youth Anti-Drug Media Campaign, Filed under: Pothead . 149 Steve Rushin, Hip Unchecked: In Sports and on TV, Sarcasm and Cynicism Are Drowning Out Sincerity and Compassion 150 Deborah Tannen, From You’re Wearing That ? 151 Making a Visual Argument: Gendering Language: Women and Men Speaking in New Yorker Cartoons Mick Stevens, Talk to Me, Alice. I Speak Woman 153 Leo Cullum, The Emergence of Language 153 William Hamilton, Look, All I’m Saying Is . 153 Roz Chast, An Excerpt from, Men Are from Belgium, Woman Are from New Brunswick 153 Pete Steiner, And Do You, Deborah Tannen, Think They Know What They’re Talking About? 153 Chapter 26: What Role Should Religion Play in Public Life? 156 Laurie Goodstein, More Religion, but Not the Old-Time Kind 157 Pew Global Attitudes Project, Among Wealthy Nations . , U.S. Stands Alone in Its Embrace of Religion 159 Michelle Bryant, Selling Safe Sex in Public Schools 161 Naomi Schaefer Riley, Introduction to God on the Quad: How Religious Colleges and the Missionary Generation Are Changing America 163 Elisabeth Bumiller, Preaching to the Choir? Not This Time 165 Concerned Faculty, Staff, and Emeriti of Calvin College, An Open Letter to the President of the United States of America, George W. Bush 167 Gaylen J. Byker, Reflections on the 2005 Commencement 168 John Zwier, An Opportunity for Intelligent Debate 169 Antonin Scalia, God’s Justice and Ours 170 Randy Cohen, Between the Sexes 172 ix Mariam Rahmani, Wearing a Head Scarf Is My Choice as a Muslim; Please Respect It 173 Ad Council, A Priest, a Rabbi, and an Imam Are Walking Down the Street 174 Making a Visual Argument: Public Service Campaigns for Religious Tolerance U.S. Department of Justice, Common Muslim American Head Coverings 176 The SikhNetwork, Sikhs: Proud to Be Americans 176 Anti-Defamation League, Anti-Semitism Is Anti-Me 176 Azar Nafisi, Mysterious Connections That Link Us Together 178 Chapter 27: What Should “Diversity on Campus” Mean? 182 Making a Visual Argument: Student-Made Diversity Posters James Sanders, A Universe Within 183 Stephanie Heyman, Everyone A Part, No One Apart 183 Heidi Small, Lives Woven Together 183 Alyson Jones, What’s Your View? 183 Megan Stampfli, Embrace Diversity 183 Carolyn Woito, Breaking Boxes, Building Bridges 183 Sarah Karnasiewicz, The Campus Crusade for Guys 184 Katherine S. Mangan, Bar Association Moves to Strengthen Diversity Requirements for Accreditation of Law Schools 187 Making a Visual Argument: Cartoonists Take On Affirmative Action Mike Lester, It’s GOT to Be the Shoes 189 Dennis Draughon, Supreme Irony 189 Mike Thompson, Daniel Lives on Detroit’s Eastside . 189 Signe Wilkinson, Admissions 189 Dean Camp, Pricey 189 Frederick M. Hess, Schools of Reeducation? 191 x David Horowitz, In Defense of Intellectual Diversity 192 David Horowitz, Academic Bill of Rights 194 Stanley Fish, “Intellectual Diversity”: The Trojan Horse of a Dark Design 195 Michael J. Ellis, Once More unto the Breach 198 Ann Marie B. Bahr, The Right to Tell the Truth 200 John Tierney, Where Cronies Dwell 201 New York Times Letters, Through the Prism of Left and Right: Responses to John Tierney’s “Where Cronies Dwell” 203 Walter Benn Michaels, Diversity’s False Solace 204 Chapter 28: Why Do They Love Us? Why Do They Hate Us? 207 Hannah Fairfield, America: Not Their First Choice 207 Richard Bernstein, The Days After: The View from Abroad 209 Waleed Ziad, Jihad’s Fresh Face 210 David Rieff, Their Hearts and Minds? 212 Making a Visual Argument: How Others See Us Anipas P. Delotavo Jr., Europe Gave Us Shakespeare . 214 Zaid Omar, Misconception 214 Jibby Yunibandhu, At Home with the Braves 214 Dinesh D’Souza, America the Beautiful: What We’re Fighting For 216 Mark Hertsgaard, The Oblivious Empire 219 Thomas L.