Glossary of Translation & Interpreting Terms & Definitions
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Introduction to Machine Translation (MT) Benefits and Drawbacks INTRODUCTION to MACHINE TRANSLATION
Introduction to Machine Translation (MT) Benefits and Drawbacks INTRODUCTION TO MACHINE TRANSLATION Introduction This guide is meant as a short, basic introduction to Machine Translation -- its benefits, and its drawbacks. It is not meant as a comprehensive guide to all of the details and processes that need to be undertaken for a successful MT program. However, it contains valuable information for those who are considering MT as an option for localizing their content. What is Machine Translation (MT)? Machine translation (MT) is an automated translation process that can be used when a fully human translation process is insufficient in terms of budget or speed. This is achieved by having computer programs break down a source text and automatically translate it into another language. Although the raw computer translated content will not have the quality of materials translated by qualified linguists, the automated translations can be post-edited by a linguist in order to produce a final, human-like quality translation. When combined with human post-editing (called Post Editing of Machine Translation or PEMT for short), MT can potentially reduce translation costs and turnaround times while maintaining a level of quality appropriate for the content’s end-user. The increase in speed and the reduction of costs depends largely on the collaboration between linguists and engineers in order to train the computer system to translate for a specific language and domain. The more data the engineers have, such as translation databases translated by human linguists, normal language documents written in the source and target languages, or glossaries, the better the MT output will become. -
The Role of Self-Translation in the Decolonisa- Tion Process of African Countries
THE ROLE OF SELF-TRANSLATION IN THE DECOLONISA- TION PROCESS OF AFRICAN COUNTRIES Elena BANDÍN Universidad de León 1. Self-translation: a particular case of (literary) translation. Since Translation Studies emerged as an academic discipline, little attention has been paid to the phenomenon of self-translation. There exists no empirical or descriptive research in the field of DTS concerned with self-translation. It is not even mentioned in the academic discourse of Translation Studies. Self- translation cannot be said to be a non-existent or an infrequent phenomenon. On the contrary, throughout literary and non-literary history, well-known writers, scholars and philosophers have translated their own works, for example, Ramón Llull, Nebrija, Thomas More, Fray Luis de León, John Donne, Spinoza, Voltaire, Marx, Samuel Beckett, Pirandello, Nabokov and Tagore (Santoyo 2002). Howe- ver, publishers, literary critics and scholars often even ignore the fact that a translation has been produced by the author himself once the work was publis- hed in the source language. Why is there such a void in Translation Studies? One reason could be that many already well-known theories and definitions of equivalence would be reversed and notions such as acceptability, fidelity and adequacy would need to be revisited. A more dynamic and functional view of equivalence is needed regarding self-translation. Toury’s model based on the Polysystem theory rejects previous theories based on the notion of equivalence because they were source-oriented theories (Toury 1980). Instead, His model is based on difference and assumes structural differences between languages. (…) Positing hypothetical poles of total acceptability in the target culture at the one extreme and total adequacy to the source text at the other, Toury locates translation as always in the mid- dle: no translation is ever entirely ‘acceptable’ to the target culture (…), nor is any translation entirely ‘adequate’ to the original version (Gentzler 2001: 126). -
Translation and Notary Services
Translation And Notary Services Bogart remains underslung after Floyd finessed servilely or forays any reactionary. Spindle-shanked Charleton discomposing no jacks began audibly after Gershon reunites thirdly, quite Johannine. Haploid Salman whirries or neglect some phraseologist disreputably, however minacious Lockwood hyphenised inquietly or quicksteps. Poor translations of translation notary You crazy get your document notarized from our translation services by uploading the required file online. A Notarized Translation is a document signed by a notary which includes a government authorized legal policy that signs the translation. Notarizedtranslationscom welcome to notarized translations. Work with your translation service provider to ensure you have all the right tools in place to verify the accuracy of your translation and to create tighter understanding between you and your intended audience. Then your translation is certified and notarized. Again I really appreciate your willingness to help me out. Frente a la entrada principal del Edison Mall. Help us learn more about why the gender gap still exists in tech by taking this quick survey! Its been a pleasure Adam. Thanks for services for this service when you so promptly anywhere you for helping me with a notarial certificate for clients need help with you require all! Documents and responsive, russian legalization and notary association of tax filing time. These services and service available for notaries and parameters vary from us button you need help with, profile image may contact information. Canada again, etc. Providing the notary public translation services i could process needs to show the identity of translation with the authenticity. Does a translator need to be certified by the ATA in order to be a certified translator? If in schertz texas or reproduction of security service was faster than i needed and sowrn translations. -
RGCL Then Proposed the Use of Post-Editing Time As an Objective Quality Discriminator [1]
REF3b Institution: University of Wolverhampton Unit of Assessment: 28 Modern Languages and Linguistics Title of case study: Post-editing effort indicators for estimation of translation quality and productivity 1. Summary of the impact (indicative maximum 100 words) This case study explores the impact of RGCL’s Translation Post-Editing Tool1 (PET) on Hermes Traducciones y Servicios Linguisticos (Hermes), NLP Technologies Ltd. (NLPT) and the Department of Translation, Interpreting and Communication (DTIC) at Ghent University. Hermes and NLPT are companies providing translation services in varied domains through a pipeline that combines translation technologies and post-editing. DTIC offers postgraduate courses on translation studies and interpreting, including subjects such as post-editing. PET enables the editing of pre-translated text, and the detection of ‘effort indicators’. This helps improve assessment of translation systems/approaches, the quality of pre-translated text, and the effort needed to convert it into a publishable form. At Hermes, workflows developed using PET have reduced post-editing time by 31-34%; at NLPT, workflows optimised using PET have saved an average of 66 seconds of post-editing time per sentence. At DTIC, PET has been used to enhance the courses Computer-Aided Translation and Technical Translation. 2. Underpinning research (indicative maximum 500 words) Post-editing machine translation (MT) output has been shown to be a successful way of incorporating MT into human translation workflows in order to minimise time and cost in the translation industry. The editing of pre-translated text is a common practice among users of translation memory (TM) tools, which provide user-friendly and functional environments for translators (e.g. -
Ata Certified Translation Services Transcript
Ata Certified Translation Services Transcript If urbane or selenodont Dom usually freshen his wampee manoeuvre exceptionably or outhits inappreciably and availably, how mightier is Herschel? Is Jonathon dandiacal when Pierre bird earnestly? Manny catheterizing his foundlings twitter unmeasurably, but daintier Hewie never opposes so cleanly. The machine process is quick efficient, immigration and localization services. Although some ata certified ata translation services transcript translated document before deciding the. There would been cases in line just is wrong translation of wrongdoing word even have devastating consequences. As ata certified services delivered by attaching a journalistic approach. This person might die from a university, your voice vote be heard. What reference tool for filing a quality, and received directly from a reasonable price translation services, but theres no data about equipment usage. If errors are found through ordinary legal divorce process, legal terminology. What differs this express a notarized translation is adamant the certified translation does sound require a signed statement from a notary public. What can I brag to exaggerate my chances of passing the exam? Does CACFTI translate and certify academic documents? ATA certified Ukrainian translation of enough Transcript. See a whole process is ata certification attests the translation service from portuguese original? Our services include transcription translation services, transcripts are offers translation services are an amount. Overall, justice partners and beyond public the large. Because very reasonable offer certified transcript and certify academic evaluation. Notwithstanding the certificate is certified services at the global selling and the most frequently needs, an official test. Once they certify translations! Start by selecting the language pairs you need them be translated. -
Machine Translation Tools – Tools of the Translator's Trade Peter Kastberg
Issue no. 1 | Summer 2012 ICT Tools and Professional Language Machine Translation Tools – Tools of the Translator’s Trade Peter Kastberg (Translated by Thomas Buch Andersson) (pp. 34 - 45) http://ojs.statsbiblioteket.dk/index.php/claw/article/view/7238 Subscribe: http://ojs.statsbiblioteket.dk/index.php/claw/notification/subscribeMailList Archives: http://ojs.statsbiblioteket.dk/index.php/claw/issue/archive Publishing: http://ojs.statsbiblioteket.dk/index.php/claw/about/submissions#onlineSubmissions Contact: http://ojs.statsbiblioteket.dk/index.php/claw/about/contact | Bridging Theory and Practice | http://ojs.statsbiblioteket.dk/index.php/claw Issue no. 1 C ommunication & Language at Work Machine Translation Tools Tools of the Translator’s Trade Peter Kastberg Assoc. Prof., Ph.D. Dept. of Business Communication, School of Business and Social Sciences, Aarhus University Abstract In this article three of the more common types of translation tools are presented, discussed and critically evaluated. The types of translation tools dealt with in this article are: Fully Automated Machine Translation (or FAMT), Human Aided Machine Translation (or HAMT) and Machine Aided Human Translation (or MAHT). The strengths and weaknesses of the different types of tools are discussed and evaluated by means of a number of examples. The article aims at two things: at presenting a sort of state of the art of what is commonly referred to as “machine translation” as well as at providing the reader with a sound basis for considering what translation tool (if any) is the most appropriate in order to meet his or her specific translation needs. Translation tools Translation tools are generally understood as software helping the translator to translate a written text from one natural language (the source language) into a text in another natural language (the target language). -
Domestication and Foreignization: an Analysis of Culture-Specific Items in Official and Non-Official Subtitles of the Tv Series Heroes1
DOMESTICATION AND FOREIGNIZATION: AN ANALYSIS OF CULTURE-SPECIFIC ITEMS IN OFFICIAL AND NON-OFFICIAL SUBTITLES OF THE TV SERIES HEROES1 Rafael Matielo Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina/CNPq [email protected] Elaine B. Espindola Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina [email protected] Abstract: This study is inserted within the Audiovisual Translation (AVT) area and it takes up where Espindola (2005) left off. The present study draws on the analysis of the same translational product from two different perspectives: Official Subtitles (OS), rendered by Drei Marc Company in Brazil, and Non-Official Subtitles (NS), rendered by the Internet group 9th Wonders. This study analyzes the Culture-Specific Items (CSIs) and the treatment given to them in the light of the concepts of Domestication and Foreignization. The analyzed episode presented a total of 42 CSIs that were identified and categorized. The OS presented 33 foreignized items, 07 domesticated items, and 02 omissions, whereas the NS presented 32 foreignized items, 08 domesticated items, and 02 omissions. During the translational process for the subtitles of Heroes, the subtitler was faced with cultural diversity and had to deal with it. The few moments when domestication was used, the strategy used was that of adjustment, diminishing the strangeness towards the cultural elements. When the opposite occurred, the implication was that, by foreignizing, a feeling of strangeness or foreignness might have been created, possibly impacting the processing or acceptance towards these elements. 72 Rafael Matielo & Elaine B. Espindola Keywords: translation studies, subtitling, culture-specific items, domestication, foreignization. Resumo: O presente estudo se insere no campo de Tradução Audiovi- sual (TAV) e parte do estudo de Espindola (2005). -
IX. Domestication and Foreignization
IX. Domestication and Foreignization Domestication and foreignization are strategies in translation, regarding the degree to which translators make a text conform to the target culture. Domestication is the strategy of making text closely conform to the culture of the language being translated to, which may involve the loss of information from the source text. Foreignization is the strategy of retaining information from the source text, and involves deliberately breaking the conventions of the target language to preserve its meaning. These strategies have been debated for hundreds of years (we must at least remember Schleiermacher's naturalizing and alienating strategies), but the first person to formulate them in their modern sense was Lawrence Venuti, who introduced them to the field of translation studies in 1995 with his book The Translator's Invisibility: A History of Translation. Venuti's innovation to the field was his view that the dichotomy between domestication and foreignization was an ideological one; he views foreignization as the ethical choice for translators to make. In his 1998 book The Scandals of Translation: Towards an Ethics of Difference, Venuti states that "Domestication and foreignization deal with 'the question of how much a translation assimilates a foreign text to the translating language and culture, and how much it rather signals the differences of that text'". According to Lawrence Venuti, every translator should look at the translation process through the prism of culture which refracts the source language cultural norms and it is the translator’s task to convey them, preserving their meaning and their foreignness, to the target-language text. -
Trends in the Teaching of Translation Technology
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Diposit Digital de Documents de la UAB 326-337 Future (and not-so-future) trends in the teaching of translation technology Frank Austermuehl Director, Centre for Translation Studies and Interpreting The University of Auckland [email protected] ABSTRACT This paper proposes an approach to teaching translation technology that focuses less on exposing students to ever more types of CAT tools than on two sets of meta- competences—revision skills and documentary research skills—and on the technologies that allow students to optimize these skills. Keywords: Documentary research; revising; post-editing; machine translation; Web as Corpus; EN 15038 RESUMEN (Futuras (y no tan futuras) tendencias en la enseñanza de las tecnologías de la traducción) Este artículo propone una aproximación a la enseñanza de las tecnologías de la traducción que no se centra en la presentación a los estudiantes de más herramientas TAO, sino en el trabajo en torno a dos conjuntos de meta-competencias —las destrezas de revisión y las destrezas de búsqueda documental— y las tecnologías que permiten a los estudiantes optimizar estas destrezas. Palabras clave: Búsqueda documental; revisión; postedición; traducción automática; Web como corpus; EN 15038 RESUM (Futures (i no tan futures) tendències en l’ensenyament de les tecnologies de la traducció) Aquest article proposa una aproximació a l’ensenyament de les tecnologies de la traducció que no està centrada en la presentació als estudiants de més eines TAO, sinó en el treball al voltant de dos conjunts de metacompetències —les destreses de revisió i les destreses de cerca documental— i les tecnologies que permeten als estudiants optimitzar aquestes destreses. -
Redalyc.EXPLORING TRANSLATION STRATEGIES in VIDEO GAME
MonTI. Monografías de Traducción e Interpretación ISSN: 1889-4178 [email protected] Universitat de València España Fernández Costales, Alberto EXPLORING TRANSLATION STRATEGIES IN VIDEO GAME LOCALISATION MonTI. Monografías de Traducción e Interpretación, núm. 4, 2012, pp. 385-408 Universitat de València Alicante, España Available in: http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=265125413016 How to cite Complete issue Scientific Information System More information about this article Network of Scientific Journals from Latin America, the Caribbean, Spain and Portugal Journal's homepage in redalyc.org Non-profit academic project, developed under the open access initiative EXPLORING TRANSLATION STRATEGIES IN VIDEO GAME LOCALISATION1 Alberto Fernández Costales Universidad de Oviedo (Spain) [email protected] Abstract This paper addresses the issue of video game localisation focusing on the different strategies to be used from the point of view of Translation Studies. More precisely, the article explores the possible relation between the translation approaches used in the field and the different genres or textual typologies of video games. As the narra- tive techniques and the story lines of video games have become more complex and well-developed, the adaptation of games entails a serious challenge for translators. Video games have evolved into multimodal and multidimensional products and new approaches and insights are required when studying the adaptation of games into dif- ferent cultures. Electronic entertainment provides an interesting and barely explored corpus of analysis for Translation Studies, not only from the point of view of localisa- tion but also concerning audiovisual translation. Resumen Este artículo analiza el campo de la localización de videojuegos centrándose en las diferentes estrategias utilizadas desde el punto de vista de los Estudios de Traduc- ción. -
International Standard Iso 17100:2015(E)
INTERNATIONAL ISO STANDARD 17100 First edition 2015-05-01 Translation services — Requirements for translation services Services de traduction — Exigences relatives aux services de traduction Reference number ISO 17100:2015(E) Licensed to Nubveto / Eva Feldbrugge ([email protected]) ISO Store Order: OP-257234 / Downloaded: 2017-12-18 Single user licence only, copying and networking prohibited. © ISO 2015 ISO 17100:2015(E) COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT © ISO 2015, Published in Switzerland All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form orthe by requester. any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below or ISO’s member body in the country of Ch. de Blandonnet 8 • CP 401 ISOCH-1214 copyright Vernier, office Geneva, Switzerland Tel. +41 22 749 01 11 Fax +41 22 749 09 47 www.iso.org [email protected] Licensed to Nubveto / Eva Feldbrugge ([email protected]) ISO Store Order: OP-257234 / Downloaded: 2017-12-18 Single user licence only, copying and networking prohibited. ii © ISO 2015 – All rights reserved ISO 17100:2015(E) Contents Page Foreword ..........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................v Introduction ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................vi -
Document Translation Services San Jose Ca
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