Today’s Webinar: Digital Video In The Classroom

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Today’s Webinar: Digital Video In The Classroom

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Today’s Presentation: Digital Video In The Classroom

Your Presenter Today is… Wally Cain, CTS Product Support Manager

Our Agenda

• What Make Video Digital? – Past, Present and Future – Formats And Feeds • The Network Connection – Understanding The Demands Of Streaming Media – The Challenges, And Consequences, Of Digital Copy Protection • Seeing The World In 3 Dimensions – Why 3D? – 3D Flavors • Proliferation Of Personal Panels – The Hand-Held Revolution And Classroom Infrastructure “Change before you have to.” ̶ Jack Welch MEDIA, ANALOG AND DIGITAL Looking Into The Rear View Mirror

• Analog Video Displays An Image By Scanning A Beam Of Electrons Across The Screen – Uses A Pattern Of Horizontal Lines Known As A Raster. – At The End Of Each Line The Beam Returns To The Start Of The Next Line – At The End Of The Last Line It Returns To The Top Of The Screen. • As The Beam Passes Each Point The Intensity Of The Beam Is Varied – Luminance And Chrominance Changes In A Manner “Analogous” To The Original Input – Analog Color Video Technology Has Remained Substantially Unchanged Since Its Introduction In 1951 Analog Weakness

• The Primary Disadvantage Of Any Analog System Is Noise – Signal Loss And Distortion – Limited Generational Fidelity • Analog Storage Systems Are Not Amenable To Data Compression – Stored (Recorded) Files Are Large And May Be Delicate (Magnetic Tape) – Duplicating Analog Files Trades Quality For Efficiency • High Quality Copies Are Slow to Make And Expensive – Random Access Is Difficult To Implement Technological Change

• Peak Of The Rate Of Change Of The World's Capacity To Compute Information Was In 1998 – World's Technological Capacity To Compute Information Grew At 88% Per Year – Digital Files Deliver Maximum Efficiency In Information Storage • Moore’s Law Has Had Profound Effects – One Typewritten Page = 2 KB – One Novel = 1 MB – Complete Works Of Shakespeare = 5 MB – Pickup Truck Full Of Books = 1 GB – 1 Floor Of A Research Library = 100 GB – 50,000 Trees Made Into Paper And Printed = 1 TB

The Digital Explosion

• Digital Data Means Media Content Can Be Stored As Easily As Text – Written Word, Music And Audio Recordings, Video And Film All Become Available Via A Single User Terminal • Random Access Permits Creative Deployment Of Multimedia Content – “See” A Historical Speech While Studying Its Text, For Example • Community Knowledge Collections Take Information Into New Social Realms – Share Questions, Answers And Lines Of Inquiry – Easy Access To A Larger, More Diverse Base Of Information Along Comes Analog Sunset…

• DRM Pushed Analog Connectivity To The Back Seat; Digital Wins! • Intel Corporation, AMD, Dell, Lenovo, Samsung Electronics And LG Display Move Away From Analog – After 2013, VGA Compatibility Will Be Missing From Many Desirable New Products • The Technology Utility Horizon Of Analog Video Infrastructure Is 5 Years… At Best! What Is TMDS?

• Transition Minimized Differential Signalling – Basic Technology Behind DVI-D and HDMI – DisplayPort+ Enabled Devices Can Output TMDS Signals • Algorithm Creates A Special 10-Bit Sequence That Minimizes The 0-To-1 Transitions – In HDMI And DisplayPort Systems, Digital Audio Is Embedded Into The Digital Video Data Feed • “Differential” Indicates This Signal Travels Through Twisted Pair Wires – Just Like The Connections Used In Computer Networks • Digital Video Systems Use Anti-Theft Copy Protection Systems – HDCP, High-Bandwidth Digital Content Protection

[Today we can] “connect displays, devices, and home-theater systems via standard protocols and interfaces like TCP/IP, Wi-Fi, USB and Wireless Home Digital Interface (WHDI). Robust and proven technology is needed to protect content transmitted in these scenarios and HDCP is evolving to meet this need” – Digital-CP.com DIGITAL RIGHTS MANAGEMENT High-Bandwidth Digital Copy Protection

• HDCP Uses 3 Systems To Stop Encrypted Content From Being Played On Devices That Do Not Support HDCP ̶ Authentication Prevents Non-licensed Devices From Receiving Content. ̶ Encryption Of The Data Sent Over DisplayPort, DVI, HDMI Prevents Eavesdropping And Man-In-The-Middle Attacks. ̶ Key Revocation Prevents Devices That Have Been Compromised And Cloned From Receiving Data ̶ Utilizes Blom's Scheme, A Symmetric Threshold Key Exchange Protocol In Cryptography • Conditional Access Systems Perform Related Functions For Broadcast Or Streamed Content Limiting Digital

• ICT ̶ Image Constraint Token – Activated By The Content Creator During The Mastering Process – Downgrades Native High-resolution (1080p) To A Standard-resolution For Analog Output • DOT ̶ Digital Only Token – Activated By The Content Creator During The Mastering Process – Prevents Any Display Via Analog Signal Connection

Digital Millennium Copyright Act

• DMCA Criminalizes Production And Dissemination Of Technology, Devices, Or Services Intended To Circumvent Measures (Commonly Known As Digital Rights Management Or DRM) That Control Access To Copyrighted Works. It Also Criminalizes The Act Of Circumventing An Access Control, Whether Or Not There Is Actual Infringement Of Copyright Itself • Short Version – You Can Not Convert From Digital To Analog! “Anyone who tries to make a distinction between education and entertainment doesn't know the first thing about either.” ̶ Marshall McLuhan MEDIA, NETWORK, CONTENT Video And Bandwidth Demands

• Uncompressed 1080p Content From A Blu-ray Player Demands As Much As 10.2 Gbit/S Bandwidth • Cable Television HDTV Using MPEG-2 Compression Demands 38.8 Mbit/S Bandwidth – 25 Mbit/S Approximate - HDV 1080i – 19 Mbit/S Approximate - HDV 720p • “HDTV” Using MPEG-4 Demands An Average Of 8 Mbit/S Bandwidth • Streaming H.264/MPEG-4 Content Requires 6.25 Mbit/S Bandwidth • Real-time Entertainment, Aka Video And Music-streaming, Accounts For 45.7% Of Network Data

“Comparing two groups of children, one taking 2D and the other a 3D lesson, the researchers have come upon amazing results. The lesson, which normally requires two to three class periods to complete, was taught in just one class period. The test results were astounding: in the first classroom (normal lesson), the control group test scores increased 9.7 percent. But the group that received its lesson in 3D saw a 35 percent increase!” - http://www.xpand.me/education/ ADDING DIMENSIONS Digital Video And “3D” Content

• Anaglyph Systems – Typified By Color Filter Glasses That Use A Distinctive Color Lens For Each Eye – Only System Compatible With Analog Video • Polarized Systems – Use 2 Images “Pasted” Over Each Other – Each Polarized 3D Lens Contains A Different Filter Which Blocks The Opposing Polarized Light • Eclipse Systems – Typified By LCD shutter glass – Rapidly Blocks Images From Alternating Eye 3D Video Leverages Parallax To • Autostereoscopic Systems Create A Sensation Of Depth – "Glasses-free 3D" Or "Glassesless 3D“ Within An Image

Why 3D In The Classroom?

• Illinois - Students Exposed To Lessons Using 3D Presentation Technology “Saw A 35 Percent Increase” In Post- Lesson Test Scores – http://www.dlp.com/downloads/DLP_3D_Classroom 3_Case_Study.pdf • Florida – Students are “much more interested in the 3D lessons. When they see the glasses come out, they’re excited – even if the topic isn’t the most interesting one.” – http://www.dlp.com/downloads/DLP-Case-Study- ocoeeMiddleSchool.pdf • Colorado – “We firmly believe that 3D video will open up a world of new, enhanced learning by making visualization a core support for the curriculum” – http://www.dlp.com/downloads/DLP-CaseStudy- BoulderValley.pdf "Increasingly, the computers of the very near future will be the private property of individuals, and this will gradually return to the individual the power to determine patterns of education. Education will become more of a private act... There will be new opportunities for imagination and originality." - Mindstorms by Seymour Papert DIGITAL DEVICES IN EDUCATION Tablet Computers In Education

• “Green” Aspects Of Electronics Textbooks • Supplement Texts With Student- Constructed Knowledge Bases – Leveraging Social Media From Within The Pages Of A Textbook – HTML Links Connect Material With Related Concepts, Resources • Decrease The High Cost Of Fixed Resources - Like Library Collections – Makes Information Available Where And When It Can Make A Difference • Augmentative And Alternative Communication – Represents All Forms Of Non-Oral Speech – Especially Important For Special Needs Students

Other Digital Devices

• Smart Phones Are The “New” PC – “The teachers are interested in integration, how to use the technology to improve the lesson. With a smartphone or tablet they don’t have to teach the students how to use the technology itself.” – Patricia Weeks, Director SRI & ETTC – Smart Phones Universally Leverage HDMI Connectivity • Netbooks Offer Advantages In Size, Weight And Cost – Cloud Integration Mitigates The Need For Local Drives – The Cost And Bulk Advantages Are Won By Leaving Out Unnecessary Connectivity Options Like HD15

Infrastructure Considerations For Local Connectivity

• Computer Connectivity To Projector, Display Or White Board Via Digital Connection – HDMI or DisplayPort • Accessories Connectivity To Projector, Display Or White Board Via Digital Connection – HDMI • Legacy Equipment Connectivity To Projector, Display Or White Board Via Upsampled Digital Connection – HDMI • Control And File Transfer Connectivity To Computer And Interactive Display – USB 2.0 “I've always wanted to own and control the primary technology in everything we do.” - Steve Jobs (1955 - 2011), BusinessWeek Online, Oct. 12, 2004 CONTROL IT ALL Universal Serial Bus

• USB Was Designed To Standardize The Connection Of Computer Peripherals – Replaced Serial And Parallel Ports – Eliminated The Need For Separate Power Supplies For Devices • Can Be Used For Audio And Video – Bandwidth Is Too Limited For Quality Video, Acceptable For Still Images – Isochronous Signals (A/V) Will Push Speed Demands To USB 2.0 Levels • USB Is Bi-Directional – Allows The Flow Of Information Into AND Out Of A Computer (Host) • USB Connectivity Is A Critical Element Of System Utility – USB 2.0 Is The Right Choice

USB SuperBooster Systems

• Converts USB Signal To A Proprietary Signal – Each Manufacturer May Use Their Own Technology • Pay Attention To Tier Discipline – USB Allows For 7 Tiers Of Connectivity – Tier 1 May Not Be Your Starting Point! – Interactive White Boards May Have “Hidden” Hubs That Occupy Tier Levels • Pay Attention To Downstream Power Demands – Every Device Connected Via USB Demands At Least 100mA Of Power – Any Single Port Supplies At Most 500mA For Device Operation In Conclusion…

• TMDS Is The Standard For Multi-Media Device Connectivity • TMDS Signals Are Protected By HDCP • HDCP Encrypted Content Cannot Be Converted Back To Analog • Personal Digital Devices And Computers Are HDCP Compliant Hardware • Digital Millennium Copyright Act Extends Copy Protection To Streamed And Downloaded Content • 3D Content Is Digital • Digital Video Places Unprecedented Demands On Bandwidth • Local Connectivity Will Not Be Replaced By Network Connectivity • HDMI Is The TMDS Connection Of Choice For Edu Presentation Systems Questions? Thank You!