COUNTRY PRESENTATION
(30 OCTOBER 2017) 1 1 2 INTRODUCTION
3 SEQUENCE
Part –I: Disasters/ Hazards Specific to Pakistan and Disaster Management System Disaster Specific to Pakistan Hazard Maps National Disaster Management System of Pakistan Part –II: Pakistan’s Response Mechanism National Emergency Operation Centre (NEOC)
National Disaster Management Plan (NDMP)
Part –III: Best Practices being followed Progress on NDMP
Challenges & NDMA Documentary 4 NATURAL DISASTERS SPECIFIC TO PAKISTAN
5 NATURAL DISASTERS SPECIFIC TO PAKISTAN
Attributed to Climate Change
6 NATURAL DISASTERS SPECIFIC TO PAKISTAN
Hydro-Meteorological Hazards
Flash Floods Urban Floods Riverine Floods GLOF
Avalanches Land slides Drought Cyclones 7 NATURAL DISASTERS SPECIFIC TO PAKISTAN
Geological Hazards
Earthquakes Landslides Tsunami
8 MAN-MADE HAZARDS
Industrial / Nuclear Epidemics / Oil Spills Fires Power Reactors Pandemics Accidents
Displacements Air Crashes Train Crashes Ship Fires
9 Effects of Climate Change on Pakistan
11 Effects of Climate Change on Pakistan
• Human Health
✓ Increase in Heat-related mortality as experienced recently in
Karachi
✓ Higher air and water temperatures favours reproduction of vectors of
disease - an increase in infectious diseases (malaria, dengue) or
other health impacts (pneumonia, heat strokes, cholera)
12 DISASTER HAZARDS MAPS
13 Pak – Major Earthquakes
2015, 8.1 M Hindu Kush
2005, 7.6 M AJK & KP
2008, 6.4 M Ziarat
2013, 7.7 M Awaran
14 Pak Earthquake Hazard Map
Earthquake Catalogue (Year 1900 – 31 Jul 2016) EarthquakeTotal: 13,654Vulnerability Magnitude Numbers < 4 3320 Fault4 – 4.9 Lines8905 Map 5 -5.9 1231 6 – 6.9Pakistan151 > 7 47
15 Pak Flood Hazard Map
FloodsFlood Vulnerability2010-2015 CumulativeFloodFloodFlood Flood 201220152014201120132010 Extent
16 Pak Cyclone Hazard Map
2007 Cyclone Yemyin
2010 Cyclone Phet
Cyclone Vulnerability
17 Pak Drought Hazard Map
Drought Vulnerability
18 Pak Avalanche Hazard Map
Avalanche Vulnerability
19 Pak Landslides Hazard Map
Landslide Vulnerability
20 Pak GLOF Hazard Map
GLOF Vulnerability
21 Pak Tsunami Hazard Map
Tsunami Vulnerability
No Hazard
22 NATIONAL DISASTER MANAGEMENT SYSTEM
23 EVOLUTION OF DISASTER MANAGEMENT SYSTEM
2015 – Merger of ERC in NDMA
2010 – NDM Act
2007 – Raising of NDMA and Establishment of NDMC
2007 – NDM Ordinance
2005 – Federal Relief Commission & ERRA
1971 – Emergency Relief Cell (ERC)
1958 - Calamity Act
24 DISASTER MANAGEMENT STRUCTURE AS PER NDM ACT
Federal Level Provincial Level NDM Act
NDMC PDMC
Policy Formulation M/O Climate Change Enabler
NDMA PDMAs
Provincial Federal Departments NDRF NIDM DDMAs Departments Implementation
District Stakeholders Community Departments
25 NDMC COMPOSITION
• Prime Minister - Chair • Prime Minister AJ&K
• Leaders of Opposition • Chairman JCSC (Senate & NA) • Civil Society Members • Federal Ministers • Co-opted Members (Related Ministries) • Chairman NDMA- Secretary • All Chief Ministers including Chief Minister GB
• Governor KP (For FATA)
Functions 26 NDMA Structure
Chairman
Coord Dte
Member Member Member NIDM (Ops) (DRR) (A&F)
Resp Dte Impl Dte A&P Dte
R&R Dte P&IC Dte Fin Dte
Log Dte Media Dte GCC
ICT Dte PMU Functions 28 NDMA Functions
Entire Spectrum of Disaster Management
Policy Coordination Monitoring Formulation Implementation
31 DDMA Composition
Chairman District Executive (ex-officio)
District Coordination Officer / Deputy Commissioner
Most Critical Tier District Police Officer (ex-officio)
Members Executive District Officer, Health
Other district level officers to be
appointed by District Govt Functions 32 NATIONAL EMERGENCY OPERATION CENTRE (NEOC)
34 Functioning of NEOC • Analyse situation based upon severity of the disaster, initial damages / losses in coordination with concerned PDMA and activate NEOC on 24/7 basis • Liaison for information management with:- Federal Government Provincial Government Non Government Prime Minister’s Office (PMO) Chief Secretaries United Nations Agencies Ministry of Climate Change Provincial Disaster Management International Committee of the (MoCC) Authorities (PDMAs) Red Cross (ICRC) Ministry of Interior (MoI) District Disaster Management Pakistan Red Crescent Society Authorities (DDMAs) (PRCS) Pakistan Meteorological Commissioners / Foreign Missions Department (PMD) Deputy Commissioners Federal Flood Commission (FFC) Rescue Services Donor Agencies Space and Upper Atmosphere Civil Defence Commission (SUPARCO) Indus River System Authority Irrigation Departments (IRSA) Pakistan Armed Forces Police Services 35 National Disaster Management Plan (NDMP)
38 National Disaster Management Plan (NDMP)
Mission
“To manage the complete spectrum of disasters by development of DRR policies, strategies, measures and actions of all stakeholders, especially at the National level; and to enhance institutional capacities, and human and material resources for mitigation, prevention and preparedness, response and recovery in disasters”
39 Responsibility Matrix – Flood
Forecast Federal Level National Coord FFC NDMA Provincial Level Provincial Coord PIDs PDMAs Pak Met Deptt Terbela & Mangla Dams WAPDA Infrastructure Riverine Flood Flood Disaster Management Coord with India Management (Rescue, Relief, Recovery, PCIW Reconstruction & Rehabilitation) National Communication
District Coord by NHA DDMAs Railway Urban Flooding Communication by Municipal Corporations / Pak Railways Development Authorities of City Governments Telecommunication by PTA
41 Responsibility Matrix – Earthquake
Earthquake Earthquake Damage Disaster Infrastructure 1 Warning 2 Assessment 3 4 Management
Alerts by Initial by National National Communication by PMD DDMAs Coord by NDMA NHA
Dissemination Detailed by Provincial Railway of Alerts by DDMAs / NDMA / Coord by Communication by PDMAs / Pak Pak Railways PDMAs Army Teams PDMAs
M&E by District Coord Telecommunication NDMA by DDMAs by PTA
42 National DRR Policy 2013
Prevention Risk Knowledge & Preparedness Mitigation
DRR – High Risk Atlas Multi Hazard Risk Areas EWS Risk Resilient Assessments Development National Key Capacity Database Infrastructure Financing Research Risk Awareness Mechanisms
43 DISASTER MANAGEMENT SPECTRUM
Prevention & Mitigation Risk Awareness & Assessment Capacity Building
Reconstruction Preparedness
Rehabilitation Early Warning
Recovery Disaster
Relief Rescue
44 DISASTER MANAGEMENT STAKEHOLDERS
Donors
45 GOOD PRACTICES
47 GOOD PRACTICES
Disaster Management Plans
➢ National Disaster Management Plan (NDMP), 2013-22 ➢ National Disaster Response Plan (NDRP), 2010 ➢ Annual Monsoon Contingency Plans, 2010-2017 ➢ National Drought Mitigation and Response Plan, 2015 ➢ National Plan for Industrial / Technical Disasters ➢ Cyclone Contingency Plan for Karachi - 2008 ➢ National Maritime Disaster Contingency Plan
48 GOOD PRACTICES Disaster Management Policies / Guidelines / Frameworks
➢ National Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR) Policy, 2013 ➢ National Disaster Risk Management Framework (2007-2012) ➢ National Gender & Child Cell Framework 2013 ➢ National Policy Guidelines on Vulnerable Groups in Disasters 2014 ➢ Pakistan School Safety Framework 2016 piloted in 68 Schools across Pakistan ➢ Implementation Framework on the National Policy Guidelines 2016
➢ Guidelines on Minimum Ex Gratia Assistance to Persons Affected by Man-made
and Natural Disasters 2016
49 GOOD PRACTICES Disaster Management Policies / Guidelines / Frameworks
➢ Multi Hazard Vulnerability & Risk Assessment (MHVRA) Policy Guidelines 2016
➢ Guidelines on Gender Based Violence (GBV) Mainstreaming in Disasters 2016
➢ Guidelines on Stocking, Maintenance and Supply of Relief & Rescue Items 2016
➢ Guidelines on Minimum Standards of Relief in Camps 2017
➢ Guidelines on Management of Dead in Disasters 2017
➢ Multi-Sector Initial Rapid Assessment (MIRA) Guidelines 2017
➢ Guidelines on Heat Wave Management 2017 50 GOOD PRACTICES Institutional Strengthening
➢ National Disaster Management Act (NDM Act) Promulgated
➢ National & Provincial Disaster Management Authorities established including
SDMA, GBDMA & FDMA. District Disaster Management Authorities notified
➢ National Disaster Management Fund (NDMF) established
➢ National Institute of Disaster Management (NIDM) functioning
➢ Merger of Emergency Relief Cell (ERC) of Cabinet Division with NDMA
➢ NDMP Implementation Steering Committee formed
➢ Gender & Child Cell (GCC) – National & Provincial Level 51 GOOD PRACTICES
Strengthening of Response Mechanism
➢ Capability developed to support over 0.3 Million people across the Country
➢ Country wide elaborate Warehouse Network established
➢ Capacity building of 7200 persons through NIDM from 2010 to 2017
➢ National Industrial Mock Exercise (Engro Fertilizers in year 2010 & March 2016) & (Fauji Fertilizer Company in March 2017)
➢ National Disaster Management Simulation Exercises conducted in year 2014 & 2015
➢ Conduct of training for Core Group & Master Trainers as part of PSSF 54 GOOD PRACTICES
Strengthening of Response Mechanism ➢ Government Official Emergency Response Exercise (GOERE) conducted all across the Country in 2016 ➢ Six modern Urban Search & Rescue (USAR) Teams raised in Mardan, Islamabad, Rawalpindi, Lahore, Karachi and Gilgit ➢ Proactive National backup to all provinces and PDMAs at all times ➢ Flood fighting response capability of Pak Army enhanced through provision of flood relief rescue equipment to rescue 1,000 Persons at a time ➢ Coordination mechanism strengthened with MoI to use its Aviation Assets during disasters
57 GOOD PRACTICES DRR Measures
➢ Legislation for Enforcement of Building Codes in final stages
➢ National Fire and Life Safety Codes in final stages of notification
➢ NFPP – IV approved by CCI. NDMA was associated in the process
➢ Modernization of Pak Met Department is being pursued. Concept approval of the
Project amounting to PKR 19 Billion has been granted by CDWP. This will
significantly enhance the Early Warning capability
58 NDMP Progress DRR Mainstreaming
➢ Ministries tasked to develop Sectoral DRR Mainstreaming Strategies and
establish DRR Mainstreaming cells
➢ DRR checklist made integral part of all Public Sector Development Projects
➢ DRR approach integrated in Recovery and Reconstruction phases of disasters
➢ Bachelor and Master level program on DM approved & instituted by HEC
62 GOOD PRACTICES
Advocacy & Awareness ➢ 8th October notified as National Disaster Awareness Day since year 2015 ➢ Active Social Media presence & dynamic website with global viewership ➢ 14 x Public Service Messages (PSMs) developed ➢ Documentaries on “Disaster Resilient Pakistan” & “Vulnerable Groups” ➢ Special Supplement on Disaster Awareness Day 2015 & 16 ➢ Regular awareness advertisement on media ➢ National level Media Round Table & 3 x Media Training Workshops at Islamabad, Karachi & Lahore for responsible media reporting during disasters ➢ Child Centered & Gender Sensitive IEC material for hazards / disasters 63 GOOD PRACTICES
Community Early Warning
• Effective SMS based Early Warning System with assistance of PTA
• Over 58 million SMS Alerts disseminated to public for Flood warning,
Earthquake (2014 & 2015) & Heat Wave (2016 & 2017)
• Over 300,000 persons evacuated through early warnings
• Consolidation of mechanism is being pursued for inclusion in PTA Regulations
64 Challenges for Disaster Management
65 Challenges for Disaster Management
➢ Limited Capacity of Metrological Forecast and Early Warning System
➢ Extreme vulnerability against floods till implementation of National Flood
Protection Plan – IV
➢ Trans border Flood Early Warning Mechanism with India is weak
➢ Mind set of Relief Centric Approach instead of DRR Approach
➢ Emergency Response Departments at District Level is weak which exercises
premature pull on Armed Forces
➢ Local Government system is not involved in disaster management
➢ Disaster management planning is floods specific instead of multiple disasters 66 Way Forward and NDMA’s Priorities
67 NDMA’s Priorities
➢ Legislative Reforms ➢ Institutional Strengthening with focus on District Disaster Management Authorities ➢ Implementation of NDMP & invest in DRR ➢ Promote Urban Resilience ➢ Micro Level Risk Assessment of entire Country in prioritized manner ➢ Implementing building codes and Retrofitting of existing infrastructure ➢ NIDM Building construction ➢ Modernizing NEOC
68 NDMA’s Priorities
➢ Develop Disaster Management information System ➢ Capacity Building of the Government Officials and Community based DRM ➢ Modernize Weather & Flood Forecasting capability ➢ Enhance Response and logistic capacities ➢ Focus on Gender Equality and Vulnerable Groups ➢ Disaster Risk Financing including micro level risk insurance mechanisms ➢ Help promote food security particularly in drought prone areas ➢ Advocacy and awareness for enhanced resilience
69 NATIONAL DISASTER MANAGEMENT DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEM
70 Multi-Hazard Vulnerability and Risk Assessment (MHVRA)
Multi-hazard vulnerability and risk assessment puts different types of hazards into a system for comprehensive evaluation, taking into probability, multiple hazardous events for mutual interactions and interrelations.
The aim of assessment is to have the overall view of the effects and mapping the expected loss due to the occurrence of various natural disasters.
It intends to assess the degree of vulnerability, exposure and risk of study area to multiple impending hazards Other Sectorial Linkages
NDMP 2012-2022 (Intervention 3 & 4)
National DRR Policy 2013 (2.3.1, 2.3.2, 3.1.1, 3.1.2, 3.2.2)
SFDs 2015-2030 (Priority 1,2,3 & 4)
SDGs 2016-2030 (Goal 1,2 , 11, 13 & 15)
Pakistan Vision 2025 (Pillar 1,2 and 3)
National Climate Change Policy, 2012 (Policy Measures 4.7 & 5.4) 72 NDMA POLICY & EXECUTION GUIDELINES FOR THE CONDUCT OF MHVRA Objectives
• Maintain unanimity in risk assessment methodology
• Assessments results to be consolidated in National MHVRA database at NDMA
• Study output should be compatible with National MHVRA database and Risk Analytical tools
• Government endorsed datasets to be used
• Collected data be endorsed by NDMA
• Regulation of National Composite Risk Index
74 Objectives
• Maintain Unanimity in Field Surveys both in terms of Data Collection Forms and Sample Size
• Micro zonation study at the level of UC’s
• Use of prescribed Hazard Modeling Tools as defined specifically by NDMA Guidelines
• Stage wise M&E by NDMA
• Compliance to National MHVRA Guidelines
75 Multi Hazard Vulnerability & Risk Assessment (MHVRA)
76 76 Methodology
77 Methodology Adopted
(1) (6) (7) Hazard Selection Risk Treatment & Cost Effectiveness DRR Intervention & Cost Benefit Programing Analysis
(2) (5) (8) Hazard Risk Assessment Geo-Spatial Assessment Database Development
(3) (4) Exposure & Coping Capacity Vulnerability Assessments Assessment
78 General Maps
Administrative Reference
Tehsils Union Councils Land cover/Land use Tehsil Nurpur 10Khushab Legend Class Area (km²) % Tehsil Khushab Orchards16 8.75 0.1 Elevation and Topography Crop Irrigated 1440.96 222 Tehsil QaidabadGeological Formation11 Area (Km ) Crop Marginal and Irrigated Saline 28.06 0.4 CarboniferousTehsil Nowshehra Rocks (C)Crop in Flood6 Plain 83.56 602241181.3 Jurassic and Triassic SedimentaryCrop Rainfed Rocks (Jtr) 722.89 4352942311 Geology Forest - Natural Trees and Mangroves 685.44 10.5 Permian SedimentaryNatural Rocks Vegetation (P) in Wet Areas 39.63 4027830460.6 Alluvium (Q) Range Lands - Natural Shrubs and Herbs 429.67 1857632296.6 Built-Up 205.24 3.1 Stream Deposits (Qf) 379500280 Bare Areas 36.67 0.6 Population Piedmont DepositsBare Areas (Qpd) with sparse natural vegetation 2725.6814278664441.6 Scree (QS) Wet Areas 149.68 1376530152.3 Snow and Glaciers 0 0 Older Eolian DepositsGrand (QSc) Total 6556.22191739005 Bedrock (R) 200961261 Population Density Eocene and Paleocene Sedimentary Rocks (Tep) 622985873 Pliocene and Miocene Sedimentary Rocks (Tpm) 11629259
Settlements 79 79 HAZARD ASSESSMENT
80 Hazard Assessment
Direct Mapping
Statistical Analysis
Mathematical Models
Spatial Multi- Criteria Analysis
81 Seismic Hazard Analysis
Historical Earthquakes
Earthquake Hazard, 50 EarthquakeYears Return Hazard, Period 100 Years Return Period Earthquake Hazard, 250 Years Return Period
Earthquake Hazard, 475 Years Return Period
82 82 EXPOSURE & VULNERABILITY ASSESSMENT
83 Elements at Risk
Socio- Environmental Physical Critical Economic Infrastructure Facilities Activities Emergency Loss of Buildings Shelters Business & Trade Biodiversity Schools Roads Population Damaged Hospitals Landscape Rescue Services Railways Livelihood Climate Change Police Stations
Bridges Dams Vulnerable Soil Groups Degradation Power Plants Airports Communication Low Income Infrastructure Groups
84 COPING CAPACITY ASSESSMENT
85 Health Facilities
DHQ THQ RHC 1. Type BHU Dispensaries MCH Centers
Senior Medical Officer Medical Officer Lady Medical Officer 2. HR in Dental Surgeon Head Nurse Staff Nurse 2. Medical Assistant Sanitary Inspector Lab Assistants Primary Dental Assistant X-Ray Assistant Lady Health Visitor Health Care Medical Technician Dispenser EPI Vaccinator CDC Supervisor Midwife LHW
MS/AMS/Deputy MS Medical Specialist Surgical Specialist 3. HR in Cardiologist Chest Specialist Neurosurgeon 3. Secondary Orthopedic Surgeon Child Specialists Gynecologists Health Care Eye Specialists ENT Specialists Anesthetist Pathologist Radiologist PMO/APMO/CMO/SMO/MO
Facility Code Facility Name Union Council 4. 3. Health Facility Type No of Beds Class Facilities Reporting Status Function Status Area Type Name of Incharge Contact Number Email 86 Capacity (Rescue 1122)
District No of Ambulances Fire Vehicles Water Bowser Rescue Vehicle GDV 1. Vehicles Water R. Van Aerial Platform TT Ladder Foam Vehicle Trucks (5 Tons) Boat Carrier Trucks
District Name No of Boats Life Jackets 2. Flood SCUBA Torches Life Buoys Life Rings OARS Nylon Rope Resources Tents Mosquito Net Carpets Plastic Mats Dry Suits
District Name Total Calls Emergency Calls 3. Rescue Road Accidents Medical Fire Building Collapse Crime Incidents Drowning Stats Blast/Explosion Miscellaneous Fake Calls Rescued Patients
87 RISK ASSESSMENT
88 Framework of Risk Assessment
RISK = HAZARD * VULNERABILITY / CAPACITIES
Hazard = Probability of event with a certain magnitude
•Spatial probability: probability of a hazard event with a certain intensity happening at a particular location (e.g. pixel) •Temporal probability: probability that an event with a certain intensity happens within a given period of time. •Magnitude probability: probability that an event happening has a certain magnitude/intensity Sometimes these 3 are evaluated separately, sometimes jointly Risk - Factor Components
CAPACITY VULNERABILITY HAZARD EXPOSURE MEASURES
Structures Physical Population Coping Capacity Severity Social Economy Economic Probability Adaptive Capacity Environmental Environmental Livelihood
5- Indicators 5- Indicators 25- Indicators 38- Indicators
90 Risk Assessment
Risk Prone Union Councils UC Risk DHAIWAL High HASSAN PUR TIWANA High KHUSHAB CITY High NARI Extremely High SANDRAL High TALOKAR High JAURA KALAN High KHAI KHURD High 91 Risk Assessment
Risk Prone Union Councils UC Risk 18 HAZARI High CHATTA High DHORIWALA High HASANA High HASSAN KHAN High JHANG MC High KOT SAI SINGH High MALHOANA High NADHA GARH High PABBAR WALA High PAKKE WALA High PIR KOT SECHANA High RASUL PUR High SHAH JEWANA High SULTAN PUR High GODARA High HASSU BELA High HAZRAT SULTAN BAHU High KOT BAHUDAR SHAH High KOT MAPAL High PIR ABDUL REHMAN High RANJIT KOT High DAB KALAN High QASIM BHARWANA High 92 COST BENEFIT ANALYSIS
93 Cost Benefit/Effective Analysis
CBA of DRR Interventions
94 Key Benefits
95 Support to other DM Interventions
Multi Hazard Vulnerability & Risk Assessment
Interventions for Community Level Advocacy & Policy Makers and Adaptation Awareness Planners (GOERE) Interventions Campaigns (CBDRM & MOVERE)
Risk Sensitive Climate Change Land Use Planning Impacts and future Planning for and Safer Local Development Scenarios Administration Projections
96 Benefits
Long term land use planning
Help in mainstreaming DRR in development projects
Mapping of resources and presenting their national spatial perspective
Vulnerable area mapping
Provide base line information for DRM Plans at District, Tehsil and UC level
Analysis of data in a more meaningful manner to draw conclusions applicable to disaster management
97 Benefits
Act as a decision making tool for policy makers
Preparation of effective emergency response plan
Help in selection and optimization of Early Warning Systems
Facilitate in optimal deployment of rescue & relief facilities
Provide targeted areas for carrying out Community Based Disaster Risk Reduction trainings
98 THANK YOU
99 SESSION 4 (1100 – 1230 HOURS) Risk Transfer Mechanisms – Lessons Learnt from the Sub-region and Strategies for Countries with Special Needs
100 SEQUENCE OF PRESENTAIONS
➢ Risk Transfer Mechanisms in South Asia – Challenges and Potentials – Mr. Erik
Khaegaard, Disaster Risk Management Specialist, Asian Development Bank
➢ Risk Transfer Mechanisms – Experience from India – Mr. Pavan Kumar Singh,
Senior Research Officer, National Disaster Management Authority, India
➢ Innovative financial solutions / mechanisms for South-Asian countries with special
needs – Recorded Presentation of Mr. Giriraj Amarnath, Research Group Leader –
Water Risks and Disasters, International Water Management Institute, Sri Lanka
➢ Discussion 101