bindex.qxd 5/22/07 12:09 PM Page 296

INDEX

Abdayev, Igor, 27, 133 fair-governance ratings, 71 AB Fashions, 86 humanitarian aid, 65–68 Abidjan Freight, 164 as low U.S. priority, 93–97 Abramoff, Jack “Pacman,”82 post–Cold War conflicts in, 8–11, Abu Dhabi, 53, 181 71–76, 78 Abu Sayyaf, 182 scorched-earth campaigns, 74–75 Aerocom, 207, 209, 227–228 See also individual names of coun- Aeroflot, 32–33 tries Aerovista, 128 Ahmed, Farid, 117–123, 127, Afghanistan, 10, 16, 23, 45–49, 61, 146–148 129, 147–148 Air Bas, 138, 192–193, 239–240, Bout contracted by U.S. for, 15, 243–244, 250–251 195–200, 242 Air Cess, 25, 56, 78, 87, 99, 181–182 Bout employees held hostage in, DRC and, 148 59–64 COPYRIGHTEDreplaced MATERIAL by Air Bas, 192–193 Bout quoted about, 205–206 SaferAfrica intelligence about, drug trade, 141–142 137–138, 148 Rabbani government of, 46, 59, Taliban and, 123, 126, 129–136, 117–118, 125, 135, 142–143, 206 137–138 See also Taliban UN arms embargo violations, Africa, 1–7, 74–75, 77, 150 228–229 demand for automatic weapons, Air Charter Center (ACC), 81 36–39 airline personnel

296 bindex.qxd 5/22/07 12:09 PM Page 297

INDEX 297

fall of communism and, 39, U.S. intelligence about, 138–148 121–122 weapons trafficking and, 142–143 hired by U.S., 216–217, 218 Armitage, Richard, 223–224 identification of, 132–133, 139 arms. See weapons knowledge about cargo, 132 Arms Export Control Act, 107 Air Mobility Command (AMC), Arms Fixers, The, 112, 175 239, 240 Aspin, Les, 103 Air Pass, 56, 87, 172, 193 Aum Shinrikyo cult, 105 AK-47s (Kalashnikov assault rifles), Austin, Kathi, 9, 98–99, 101, 111, 16, 36, 72, 160–161 112, 246–247, 257 Al Asad (Iraq), 227 Albania, 59–60 Baghdad International Airport Albright, Madeleine, 184 (BIAP), 214–217, 221, 240–241. Allison, Graham, 113 See also Iraq Al Qaeda, 5, 8, 46, 50, 110, 138, 248 Bah, Ibrahim, 149–151, 153–155, Bout quoted on, 123, 205–206 167–169 Chechnya, 206 Bahari, Nasir al-, 141 diamonds and, 156 Balad Air Base (Iraq), 226–227 drug trafficking, 209 Bank of Credit and Commerce Madrid bombing and, 243 International (BCCI), 103 Massoud killed by, 195 Barnes, David, 253–254 ongoing Bout operations and, 255 Bart, Devos, 99 September 11 attacks, 148, 180, Beacon Field Corp., 253 194–200, 212–213, 225 Beers, Rand, 104, 193 Al-Quds al-Arabi (London), 141 Belgium, 15, 41, 65, 67, 224–225, Amnesty International, 228 248, 252 Amputee and War Wounded Camp, Air Cess, 124–125 74–75 Air Charter Center (ACC), 81 Angola, 10, 23, 31, 35, 58, 79, 177 arrest warrant for Bout, 180, Força Aérea Popular de Angola 187–189, 209–210 (FAPA), 81 Occidental Airlines, 162 UN intelligence on, 171, 174 “Operation Bloodstone,”202–203 U.S. intelligence on, 95–96 Ostend airport activity by Bout, See also União Nactional para a 57–59, 99–101 Independência Total de Angola Ruprah arrested by, 200–202 (UNITA) Belize, 209 Antiterror Unit (AU), 161–163 Bemba, Jean-Pierre, 10, 13–14, Antonov planes, 4, 17, 21–22, 32–36, 18–19, 21, 24, 148, 166 48 Benjamin, Daniel, 110 Arefee, Abdul Shakur, 121, 139 Berger, Samuel R. “Sandy,”172 Ariana Afghan Airways, 119–122, Bin Laden, Osama, 5, 50, 75–76 128, 134, 135, 173 Ariana Afghan Airways and, Bin Laden and, 140–141 140–141 drug trafficking and, 141–142 Chichakli and, 55 bindex.qxd 5/22/07 12:09 PM Page 298

298 INDEX

Bin Laden, Osama (continued) 164–167, 221, 246–247 rewards offered by, 208–209 present-day activities of, 252–261 Taliban acquisition of weapons Taylor and, 161–166 and, 118, 121 as “transnational threat,”7–11 See also Afghanistan; Al Qaeda; travel ban on, 191–192, 203 Taliban U.S. contracts, continued reliance Blair, Tony, 167, 175–176. See also on, 237–242 England U.S. contracts confirmed, 224–230 Bloomfield, Lincoln P., Jr., 236 U.S. contracts investigated, Bockarie, Sam “Mosquito,”10, 231–237 149–151 U.S. contracts monitored by jour- Boies, David, 258 nalists, UN, 242–247 Bosnia and Herzegovina, 49–51 U.S. contracts suspected, 214–224 Bout, Alla (wife), 30, 86 U.S. travel plans of, 180–185 Bout, Sergei (brother), 27–28, 48, 62, weapons acquired by, 36–39 112, 148, 208 See also airline personnel; individual assets frozen by U.S., 247–248, 256 names of businesses and associates interview of, 192 Bowen, Stuart, 223 Taliban and, 129, 133 Branch Energy, 156–157 Bout, Viktor Bremer, L. Paul, 209, 215, 219 arrest warrants for, 27, 81–82, British Gulf International, 229–230, 166–167, 174, 179–185, 187–189, 240 202–210, 252 Bulgaria, 38–39, 41, 47, 58, 78, 208, assets frozen, 143, 233, 235, 240, 227 243, 247–251, 252, 256, 259 Burj al Arab, 53–54 biographical information, 4, Burkina Faso, 155–156 10–11, 29–32 Busch, Gary, 43, 85–86, 152–153 business acumen of, 14–18, 21–23, Bush, George H. W., 113, 127, 185 39–44, 69–71, 130, 149–153 Bush, George W., 7, 11, 104, 180, business competition of, 43–44 210–211, 236 business diversification by, 41–43, Bout arrest and, 206–207 57–59, 69–71, 85–91, 128 Bout sanctions and, 258, 260 businesses registered in U.S., foreign policy of, 193 180–182 2000 presidential election, 184, 186 homes of, 26, 85–89, 150, 252–253 See also Afghanistan; Iraq; individ- identity/aliases of, 3–7, 23–25, ual names of U.S. agencies 29–32, 40, 90, 206 interviews of, 17, 29, 64, 204–207, Cage, Nicolas, 257 253, 257, 259 Camps, Antonov An-8, 48 as “merchant of death,”178 Candids, Antonov An-8, 48 personality of, 18–23, 25–28 cell phones, 15 planes acquired by, 32–36 Cen Sad/Sin Sad, 75, 182 planes registered by, 39–41, 86, Centrafrican Airlines, 56, 90–91, 89–91, 127, 132–138, 159, 164–167, 190, 193 bindex.qxd 5/22/07 12:09 PM Page 299

INDEX 299

Central African Republic (CAR), on Russian corruption, 115–116 164–167, 166–167 Scheuer and, 143 Central Command (Centcom), 249, Clinton, Bill, 8, 23, 37, 169 255, 257 on Ariana Afghan Airways, Cessavia, 91 144–148 Chandler, Michael, 10, 147 Bosnia conflict and, 51 Chapman, Keith, 226 Bout arrest warrant and, 179–185 Chechnya, 206 Bout task force assembled, chemical weapons, 142–143 170–179 Cheney, Dick, 222 early U.S. intelligence on Bout, Chichakli, Richard, 10–11, 34, 42, 102–112 55–57, 119, 198 foreign policy of, 193 Air Bas incorporated by, 148 “Plan Colombia,”160 on Air Pass, 87, 90 prioritization of Africa, 93–97 assets frozen by U.S., 247–248, 254 See also individual names of U.S. Bout businesses in U.S. and, agencies 180–182 CNN, 205 Bout statement by, 205 Coalition Provisional Authority international travel ban on, (CPA), 219, 220, 222–224, 232, 191–192 242 on Transavia, 52 cocaine, 159–161, 209 U.S. contracts with Bout and, 225 Colombia, 159–161, 209 children, as soldiers, 20, 68, 72, 73 coltan, 15, 151–152 China, 8–11 Committee on Transnational Christopher, Warren, 102–103 Threats, 109–110 CIA, 138, 179 Compagnie Aérienne des Grands in Africa, 67, 94 Lacs, 246–247, 259 Bout identified by, 3–7 Compaore, Blaise, 155–156 rendition practice of, 7, 180 Congo, 68 on Taliban, Al Qaeda, 138–140, Cook, Robin, 177 142, 143 Côte d’Ivoire, 192. See also Ivory U.S. intelligence community coop- Coast eration and, 108–110, 183–184, Council of Foreign Relations, 115 190–191, 212, 249 Counterterrorism Security Group on U.S.-Bout contracts, 231–232 (CSG), 105 Clarke, Richard A., 7, 104–110 Cressey, Roger, 110, 182 arrest warrant pursued, 179–185 Croatia, 49–51 Bout task force assembled, 170–179 Daniszewski, John, 129 Bush administration pursuit of Dart, Kenneth, 114–115 Bout, 186–187, 193, 210 Defense Energy Support Center intelligence on Taliban, 144–148 (DESC), 240 interagency cooperation and, Defense Intelligence Agency, 95, 142, 191–192 199 bindex.qxd 5/22/07 12:09 PM Page 300

300 INDEX

Democratic Republic of the Congo 107–110, 183, 207, 252 (DRC), 2, 13–14, 18–19, 21, 24, intelligence-sharing with U.S., 189, 58, 137–138, 258 193 Bout’s humanitarian gestures in, MI-6, 175–176 87–88 “Operation Bloodstone,”202–203 Goma, Bakuvu airports, 246–247 Taylor monitored by, 167–169 Kabila in power, 70 Equatorial Guinea, 9, 91, 159 See also Zaire Eritrea, 255 Dennisenko, Sergei, 181, 192 Escobar, Pablo, 105 De Smet, Ronald, 41, 58 European Union (EU) De Temmerman, Luc, 197, 201 Council of Ministers, 124–125 DHL, 218–219 protest to Russia about Bout, diamonds, 14–16, 15, 66, 72–75, 83, 255–256 93, 152 See also individual names of countries Al Qaeda, 156 Evening Standard (London), 245 “blood diamonds,”14 Executive Outcomes (EO), 157 Lebanon and, 158 Exparc Air, 43 Liberia and, 168 Eyadema, Gnassingbe, 83 Sierra Leone and, 72–75, 170–171 smuggled into U.S., 183 Falcon Express Cargo Airlines, 221, Zaire and, 66 239, 244 Dobby, Jerry, 182 Farhadi, Ravan, 142–143 D’Olivera, Jan, 185, 189 Faso, Burkina, 83–84 Dolphin Airlines, 228–229 FBI Dostum, Abdul Rashid, 126 intelligence community coopera- Doungovo, Fulbert Armand, 167 tion and, 108–110, 183–184, Draulans, Dirk, 19, 21, 24, 27, 31, 190–191, 212, 249 87–88, 128 Ruprah and, 157–159, 195–200, D&R Sporting Goods, 256 201–202 drug trade, 15, 40, 73, 193 Federal Aviation Administration Afghanistan and, 141–142 (FAA), 223 Colombia and, 159–161, 209 Federal Express, 221, 227, 232, Taliban and, 208–209 239–240 U.S. intelligence on, 102–110, Feingold, Russell, 223–224, 231–233, 211–213 241–242 Dubai, 42, 43, 52–54, 120, 121 Fenzel, Michael, 110 Financial Times (London), 219–224, East Germany, 160–161 232, 245 Emirates Bank International, 197 Fluor, 221–222 end-user certificates, 9–10, 78, 161, Flying Dolphin, 123, 126–127, 207 146–148, 159, 188, 228–229 England, 162, 195 Focus on Africa (BBC), 150 Bout pursued by, 174–179 Força Aérea Popular de Angola intelligence on Bout, 96–97, (FAPA), 81 bindex.qxd 5/22/07 12:09 PM Page 301

INDEX 301

Foreign Affairs, 115, 116, 172 Human Rights Watch, 99, 118 Fowler, Robert, 174–175 Hussein, Saddam, 208, 217 Frames International Travel, 226 Hutu, 81 France, 81 Freeh, Louis, 108 Ilyushin planes, 4, 21–22, 32–36, fueling records, 225, 230, 240–241 48 Fujairah, 130 Inchuk, Alexei, 122 Inderfurth, Karl “Rick,”145 Gaddafi, Muammar, 75, 93, 94, 155, Institute of Policy Studies, 98–99 182. See also Libya International Court of Justice (The Galleoti, Mark, 33, 38 Hague), 20 Gambia, 166, 183 International Emergency Economic Gambia New Millennium, 166–167 Powers Act (IEEPA), 143, 236 Gbagbo, Laurent, 192 International Peace Information General Service Administration Service (IPIS), 99–101 (GSA), 238 Interpol, 27, 81–82, 174, 202, 205, Gibraltar, 78 209–210, 252 gold, 208–209 Interservices Intelligence Directorate Goldblatt, Steve, 217–218 (ISI), 118 Gorbachev, Mikhail, 113–114 Iran, 58, 254 Gore, Al, 184 Iraq, 197, 208, 213, 259–260 Great Lakes Business Company, Bout income from U.S. contracts, 245–247, 259 226 Guardian (Manchester, England), contracts confirmed, 224–230 245 contracts exposed, 15, 219–224 Guevara, Ernesto “Che,”68 contracts investigated, 231–237 Guinea, 163, 168–169, 189–190 contracts monitored by journalists, Gul, Janat, 139–140 UN, 242–247 U.S. airlift, 214–217 Hain, Peter, 176–179, 202–203, 228 Irbis, 220–230 Hall, Wendy, 244 continued use of, 242 Halliburton, 221–222, 253 fuel records, 240–241 Hamiedullah (Janat Gul), 139–140 monitored by journalists, UN, Handy, John W., 216–217, 238–239 242–247 Harridine, Michael, 41, 91, 159 replacement of, 250–251 Harrowell, Alexander, 245 See also Iraq Hatfield, Frank, 223 Islam, rise of militant factions in, Hayat, Ahmet Muslem, 47 49–51, 212 heroin, 209 Islamov, Alexander, 38–39 Hezbollah, 254 Isotrex, 253 Hirsch, John, 93–97 Israel, 254 Hogendoorn, E. J., 99 Italy, 166, 202, 249–250 Hooper, Jack, 240 Ivory Coast, 83–84. See also Côte Houphouët-Boigny, Félix, 84 d’Ivoire bindex.qxd 5/22/07 12:09 PM Page 302

302 INDEX

Jackson, Reverend Jesse, 167 and Corporate Registry (LISCR), Jammeh, Yahya A. J. J., 183 158–159, 165 Jet Line, Inc., 27, 133, 182, 207, 227, Liberian Special Security Service, 228, 253–254 162 Jobe, Baba, 166–167 Liberians United for Reconcilia- Jordan, 160–161 tion and Democracy (LURD), 168–169 Kabila, Laurent, 22, 66, 70 planes registered in, 100, 127, 159 Kabiwar, Dinu, 226 Ruprah and, 197, 201 Kabulov, Zamir, 59–64, 61 rutile mines, 167–169 Kagame, Paul, 10 ship registry in, 158–159 Kakharov, Maridiboy, 57 Slovak shipment to, 189–190 Kangunga, Alcides Lucas “Kallias,” UN sanctions against, 233, 235 83 U.S. Senate inquiry, 224 KAS Engineering, 78–80 weapons demand in, 38–39 Kazakhstan, 220, 255 See also Taylor, Charles KEC International, 226 Libya, 75–76, 182, 208–209. See also Kellogg, Brown, and Root (KBR), Gaddafi, Muammar 221–222, 244, 253 London Sunday Telegraph, 202–203 Kelly, Paul V., 233 Lord of War, 257 Kerrick, Donald, 172 Los Angeles Times, 128–129, 143, 148 Kerry, John, 103, 193, 258 on Al Qaeda, 201 Ketov, Vladislav, 25 on Bout-U.S. contracts, 225, 237, Khodorkovsky, Mikhail, 114–115 244–245 Knack,19 on Taliban, 128–129, 143, 148, 248 Kouwenhoven, Gus, 161–162 Wolosky, Wechsler op-ed, 210–211 Kyrgyzstan, 35, 164, 189–190 Luanda, 31 Kyrgyzstan Air Star Company (KAS), 35 Madrid, Spain, 243 Makhtoum, Sheikh Mohammed bin Lakhiyalov, Apandi, 128 Rashid al, 53, 54 Landesman, Peter, 64 Mankhayev, Sergei, 26, 34, 62, 122, Latif, Abdul, 47 135 Lauwereins, Ronny, 58–59, Mansour, Mullah Akhtar 99 Mohammed, 119–122, 134 Lavrov, Sergei, 146 Massoud, Ahmad Shad “Lion of the Lebanon, 158, 218, 254 Panjshir,”10, 15, 46, 59, 118, 126, Lebedev, Viktor, 243–244 195 Liberia, 2, 9, 10, 15–16, 20, 73, Mbeki, Thabo, 184 76–77, 84, 91 McVeigh, Timothy, 106 Belgrade shipments to, 207–208 Melrose, Joseph, 95 helicopters supplied to, 163–166 Merckx, Dirck, 188–189 Liberian Aircraft Register, 41 Metavia, 90 Liberian International Shipping Meyers, Joseph M. “Jody,”210 bindex.qxd 5/22/07 12:09 PM Page 303

INDEX 303

Military Institute of Foreign Lan- Northern Alliance, 46, 125–126, guages (Moscow), 30–31 194–200. See also Afghanistan Mirchev, Petar, 38–39 nuclear weapons, 38, 142, 258 Mobutu Nzanga, 22, 70, 82–83 See also weapons Mobutu Sese Seko, 10, 22, 66 NV Trans Aviation Network Group Montesinos, Vladimiro, 161 (TAN Group), 57, 99–100 Morgner, Andreas, 211–213, 233–237, 243, 247–248, 249, 258 Occidental Airlines, 162 Moscow Times, 210–211 Odessa (airline), 152 Mother Jones, 244–245 Ofcansky, Tom, 37, 77, 101 Mpano, Douglas, 258–259 Office of Foreign Assets Control (OFAC), 211–213, 233–237, 243, narcotics. See drug trade 247–248, 249, 252 Nasr, Samir M., 158 Okapi Air, 152 National Defense, 216–217 Oklahoma City bombing, 105–106 National Islamic Front (NIF), 75–76 Omar, Mullah, 59, 119, 121 National Security Act, 109 “Operation Bloodstone,”202–203 National Security Agency (NSA), 1, “Operation Firedump,”245 3, 95–96 “Operation Jacuzzi,”89 National Security Council, 6–11, “Operation Palliser,”97 104–110, 143 opium, 141–142, 208–209 Bout arrest warrant pursued, organized crime, 38–39, 52–53, 179–185 56–57, 89, 102, 105, 142, 202 Bout task force assembled, See also weapons 170–179 Oster, Jeffrey, 219, 222–223, 231–232 Bush administration pursuit of Oxfam, 72 Bout, 186–187, 193, 200 intelligence on Taliban, 144–148 Pahad, Aziz, 185 interagency cooperation and, Pakistan, 63–64, 118–122, 136, 191–192 208–209. See also Taliban on Russian affairs, 115–116 Pecos, 189–190 NATO, 49 Peleman, Johan, 9, 18, 70–71, 80, Nayhan, Sheikh Abdullah bin Zayed 175–179, 195, 257 al Saqr al, 120–122, 127, The Arms Fixers, 112, 175 146–147, 159 on Bout’s Ostend operations, Nayhan, Sheikh Zayed bin Sultan al, 99–101 53 early intelligence on Bout by, 111 Newsweek, 244–245, 257 on Liberia, 127 New York Times Magazine, 24, 123 Sergei Bout interviewed by, 192 Niccol, Andrew, 257 on UN sanctions against Bout, 233 non-governmental organizations on U.S. contracts with Bout, 225, (NGOs), 97–102, 107–110. See 245–247 also individual names of NGOs Peres, Shimon, 254 Norse Air, 86–87 Peru, 160–161 bindex.qxd 5/22/07 12:09 PM Page 304

304 INDEX

Phillipines, 182 rendition, 7, 180 Pickering, Thomas R., 23, 32, 34, 91, Republic Air, 34, 122 171, 183 Restore Iraqi Oil (RIO), 244 on Bout and Liberia, 169 Revolutionary Armed Forces of on Bout and Taliban, 144 Colombia (FARC), 159–161 on FARC, 161 Revolutionary United Front (RUF), Pietersburg Aviation Services and 2, 20, 72–75, 93, 94, 97 Systems Pty., 87 Bout’s plans for rutile, 153–155, Pietersburg (South Africa) Airport, 167–169 43, 80–81, 86 UN intelligence on, 171 pilots. See airline personnel Rice, Condoleeza, 186–187 Piret, Olivier, 27, 87, 89 Rice, Susan, 171, 183–185 “Plan Colombia,”160 Riggs Bank, 197 “plane spotters,”245 Roberts International Airport Planet Air, 152 (Liberia), 162–163, 207 Plaque, Lawson, 162, 164 Rockman EOOD, 256 Poly Technologies, 238 Ruchnoy Protivotankovy Granato- Popov, Dimitri, 246–247, 258–259 myot (RPG), 16 Popov, Pavel, 80 Ruprah, Sanjivan, 156–159, Potgeiter, Jakkie, 137–138, 148 191–192, 194–200, 200, 258 private military companies (PMCs), Belgian arrest of, 200–202 156 Bout plan for rutile and, 153–155, Putin, Vladimir, 115, 116, 172, 183, 167–169 206–207. See also Russia Italian arrest, 249–250 “Putin’s Plutocrat Problem” Ruprah, Simi, 201 (Wolosky), 115, 116, 172 Russia, 30–32, 34, 112–116, 173–174, 183, 210–211 Qassimi, Sultan bin Mohammed al, Afghanistan and, 47–49, 61, 54, 131 125 Qatar, 217 Bout arrest warrant and, 203–207, 209–210 Rabbani, Burhanuddin, 46, 59, Bout living in, 253–255 117–118, 125, 135, 142–143, 206 Cold War planes, 32–36 Rabbani, Mullah Muhammed, 61 Cold War weapons, 8, 16–17, Radio Echo Moskvy, 204 36–39, 72, 160–161 Rahman, Omar Abdel, 104–105 FSB (intelligence agency), 256 Ras al-Khaymah, 130 organized crime in, 38–39, 52–53, Ray, Nancy, 240 56–57, 89, 102, 105, 142, 202 Reagan, Ronald, 82 post–Cold War conflicts and, 8–11, Reeves, Cindor, 150, 154, 164 71–76, 78 Regional Air Movement Control “transnational threats” from, 8–11, Center (RAMCC), 217, 220–225, 15 227–229, 241 UAE business growth and, 52–57 Renan, 164 on UN intelligence on Taliban, 145 bindex.qxd 5/22/07 12:09 PM Page 305

INDEX 305

See also USSR Sidorenko, Alexander Zakharovich, Russian Today (television network), 26, 30, 31, 43–44, 52 259 Sierra Leone, 2, 10, 20, 72–75, 77, 93, rutile, 153–155, 167–169 127 Rwanda, 2, 19, 58, 69–71, 81, 91, 151 Bout plan for rutile and, 153–155, coltan, 151–152 167–169 Institute of Policy Studies on, 98 British troops in, 175–179 Ruprah and, 158 UN peacekeepers in, 170–172 UN Security Council arms UN Special Court for, 156, 250 embargo, 112 U.S. intelligence about, 95 Sierra Rutile Company, 153 Sachs, Jeffrey, 113 Simon, Steven, 110 SaferAfrica, 137–138, 148 Sin Sad, 182 San Air General Trading, 56–57, 164, Sirrs, Julie, 142, 145 181, 190, 192, 229 Skyair, 162 Sankoh, Foday, 168 Slovakia, 38–39, 162, 189–190 Santa Cruz Imperial, 126–127 Smith, Gayle, 8, 110, 170–172, 237 Saudi Arabia, 120 Smolensk Rocket and Artillery Savimbi, Jonas, 10, 20, 77, 82–84, School, 35 152, 155, 171 Somalia, 16, 76, 93, 254–255 Scheuer, Michael, 20, 31–32, 94, South Africa, 76, 80–81 138–143, 198 Bout arrest warrant pursued by Schneidman, Witney, 1–8, 105, U.S., 180, 184–185, 189–190 171–174, 184–185, 257 Bout home in, 85–89 Sellers, Cameron, 240–241 intelligence on Bout by, 29–30, Sellers, Mason, 217–218 129, 137–138, 172–174 Semenchenko, Andrei, 57 Pietersburg Airport, 43, 80–81, 86 Semenchenko Group, 57 South America, 159–161, 209 September 11 attacks, 148, 180, Soviet Air Force, 39 194–200, 212–213, 225. See also Soviet Union. See USSR Al Qaeda SpAir, 34–35, 132 Sharjah, 6, 26–27, 42, 80, 131, 178, Spurnov, Valery, 34–35, 132 187, 191–192 Standard Chartered Bank, 167, 192 as air hub for Taliban, 120–122 Sudan, 2, 50–51, 75–76, 140–142, Ariana Afghan Airways, 144–145 208–209 Bout businesses in, 45, 51–57, Suwaidi, Sultan Hamad Said Nassir 54–57, 85, 89–91, 134 al, 131 contractors hired by U.S. from, 226 Swaziland, 9, 89–91 International Airport, 55–57 Syria, 254 Sharpatov, Vladimir, 26, 47–49, 60–64, 125 Tactica, Ltd., 256 Sheridan, Brian, 103, 198 Talbott, Strobe, 115 Sherin, Victor, 118, 122 Taliban, 10, 15, 23, 48–49, 59, ships, 158–159 212–213, 248 bindex.qxd 5/22/07 12:09 PM Page 306

306 INDEX

Taliban (continued) Tupelovs (planes), 32–36 Bout employees taken as hostages Turbiville, Graham H., Jr., 31, 38 by, 59–64, 92 Turkmenistan, 114 Bout quoted on, 123, 205–206 drug trafficking by, 208–209 Uganda, 14, 91, 151, 152–153, 257 Massoud and, 46 União Nactional para a Independên- planes supplied by Bout, 126–136 cia Total de Angola (UNITA), 20, Ruprah and, 194–200 23, 58, 77, 79, 82–84, 86, 91 thwarted attempts to purchase arms supplied by Bout, 137–138 weapons, planes, 117–122 UN intelligence on, 171, 174 weapons supplied by Bout, 17–18, See also Angola 122–126 United Arab Emirates, 42, 51–57, See also Afghanistan 187, 191–192. See also Dubai; “Tatyana” (Bout employee), 253 Sharjah Taylor, Charles, 2, 9, 10, 15–16, 20, United Islamic Courts, 254–255 73, 76–77, 84, 91, 93 United Nations, 2, 76, 152, 164, Bout and, 161–166 174–179, 192 “Greater Liberia” ambition of, arms embargoes, 49, 77, 80, 154 110–112, 145, 181, 188 international travel ban on, Bout asset freeze, 233, 235, 252 191–192 on coltan, 151–152 plane registrations and, 127 “name and shame” campaign, 191, Ruprah and, 197, 201 234, 247 rutile plans, 167–169 peacekeepers in DRC, 246 UN sanctions against, 233, 235 peacekeepers in Sierra Leone, 154, U.S. intelligence about, 94 170–172 U.S. Senate inquiry, 224 Security Council intelligence, See also Liberia 8–11, 80, 227 Temex, 207–208 Special Court for Sierra Leone, Tesic, Slobodan, 208 156, 250 Third World Relief Agency (TWRA), Taliban asset freeze, 146 50–51 UNAMSIL, 171 Thomas, Michael Victor, 58 on weapons supplied to Times (London), 245 Afghanistan, 199–200 titanium. See rutile World Food Program (WFP), Togo, 22, 78–80, 83 66–70 Transavia, 57, 59–64 United States Trans Aviation Global Group, Inc., Africa as low priority of, 93–97 52 Bout assets frozen, 240, 243, Transavia Travel Agency, 52, 90–91, 247–248, 252, 256 131, 167 Bout chosen over U.S. contractors, “transnational threats,”7–11, 15, 241 102–110 Bout contracts confirmed, Tsiroulnikov, Igor, 205 224–230 bindex.qxd 5/22/07 12:09 PM Page 307

INDEX 307

Bout contracts exposed, 15, Bureau of Intelligence and 219–224 Research (INR), 101 Bout contracts investigated, Federal Register, 236, 243 231–237 U.S. Transportation Command Bout contracts monitored by jour- (Transcom), 238 nalists, UN, 242–247 U.S. Treasury Department, 56–57, Bout corporations in, 81, 148, 129, 184 180–182 Bout assets frozen by, 240, 243, Bout travel plans for, 180–185 247–248, 252 early intelligence about Bout, Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, and 102–110, 112–116 Firearms, 181–182, 212, 250, 256 intelligence community coopera- Office of Foreign Assets Control tion and, 108–110, 183–184, (OFAC), 211–213, 233–237, 243, 190–191, 212, 249 247–248, 249, 252 invasion of Afghanistan, 147, USSR, 15 148 GRU (military intelligence), 21, Iraq airlift, 214–217 31–33, 199 Waasenaar Arrangement, 78 KGB, 30–32 weapons manufactured by, 16 perestroika, 113 See also Bush, George W.; Clinton, planes, 32–36 Bill; individual names of agencies post–Cold War conflicts and, 8–11, and agency personnel 71–76, 78 Urey, Benoni, 158 weapons, 8, 16–17, 36–39, 72, U.S. Air Mobility Command 160–161 Bout contract with, 221 See also Russia U.S. Defense Logistics Agency, 225 Uzbekistan, 57 U.S. Department of Defense, 129 Army, 244 Vakushin, Oleg, 244 Bout contracts exposed, 219–224 Van Cappellen, Wim, 24 “excluded parties” list, 233–238 Vial, 81–82, 126, 248 Office of Special Operations and Vines, Alex, 99, 108 Low-Intensity Conflict, 103 Vympel Group, 256 U.S. airlift in Iraq, 214–217 U.S. Department of Justice, 184 Waasenaar Arrangement, 78 U.S. Drug Enforcement Administra- Walker, Christopher, 214–220, 232, tion, 209 251 U.S. Senate. See Feingold, Russell Ward, Diedre, 86–87, 89–90 U.S. State Department, 1–8, 37, 72, Wardak, Mohammed, 139 77, 144–148, 160, 233–238 Washington Post, 156, 201 Africa as low priority of, 93–97 Waters, Brad (pseudonym), 196–202 on Bout contracts, 224, 233 Waxom, 207–208 Bureau for International Narcotics weapons, 36–39, 41–43, 69–71, 106 and Law Enforcement Affairs AK-47s, 16, 36, 72, 160–161 (INL), 101, 193 chemical, 142–143 bindex.qxd 5/22/07 12:09 PM Page 308

308 INDEX

weapons (continued) Bush administration pursuit of Cold War inventories, 8, 16–17, Bout, 186–190 36–39, 72, 160–161 op-ed essay by, 210–211 early intelligence on trafficking, “Putin’s Plutocrat Problem” (For- 98–99 eign Affairs), 115, 116, 172 M-16 rifles, 16, 72 at State Department, 193–194, nuclear, 38, 142, 258 198 “shadow infrastructure” of, 5 World Bank, 71 UN embargoes, 9, 77, 80 World Trade Center, 104–105. See Waasenaar Arrangement, 78 also September 11 attacks See also Taliban Wechsler, William, 110, 116, Yakovkevs planes, 21–22, 32–36 210–211 Yavlinsky, Grigory, 113 West Africa Air Services, 164 Yeltsin, Boris, 47, 63, 115, 125 Whalley, Leslie, 86 Yukos, 114–115 Wilson, Edwin P., 106 Yuralex Corporation, 81–82 Winer, Jonathan, 37, 98, 101–104, 108, 142, 143 Wolfowitz, Paul, 223, 231–232, Zaire, 10, 22, 65–71, 68, 98. See also 241–242 Democratic Republic of the Wolosky, Lee, 6–11, 110, 112–116, Congo (DRC) 237, 257–258 Zarate, Juan, 129, 248 on Bout and Taliban, 143–144 Zawahiri, Ayman al, 197 on Bout task force, 170–174, Zeidan, Samir, 119 177–185 Zhuravlyov, Igor, 229