Pdf in the Mist / Hugo Gaitto Leer Obra

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Pdf in the Mist / Hugo Gaitto Leer Obra 1N THE MIST Al maestro con carino. Una tarde calurosa en Madrid nos dedicó Octaedro a la Biblioteca «José Ingenieros», de Zarate. Hay suicidios premeditados desde los cuatro o cinco años. Eternos suicidios de humo y alcohol: También los hay mezclados con música y es allí donde aparece la leyenda, donde humo y alcohol comienzan e insuflar aire caliente al globo legendario y éste sube y sube... ¿Cómo se puede morir a los veintiocho años dejando un reguero de pólvora apagada y lenta, un sendero tan deliciosamente triste? ¿Qué academia suelta músicos que a los tres años tocan la Se­ gunda rapsodia húngara, de Liszt, de oído y ¡arnés aprenden a leer correctamente una notación musical? ¿A qué Bix se le ocurre elegir la corneta como su compañera de viaje (la corneta, con esa boquilla tan pequeña que destroza el labio 254 más yoruba) y apoyar los tres dedos sobre las tres válvulas de ma­ nera artificial, antiortodoxa? Al más Beiderbecke. Al más León Bixmarck Beiderbecke. Sólo a ese personaje insólito se le ocurre nacer un 10 de marzo de 1903 y desaparecer un 6 de agosto de 1931. Humo, alcohol y jazz envoMan a este blanco extraviado «en la niebla», sólo disipada a veces por una muchacha desconocida y súbi­ tamente bella, dos o tres amigos y esa corneta envuelta en papel de periódico, de la cual brotaban las más puras y apasionantes notas que el jazz ha proporcionado. Vio nacer su muerte en Davenport, estado de lowa, y, descendien­ te de una familia alemana inmigrada en Estados Unidos, escuchaba desde la niñez cómo penetraba por su oído derecho el romanticismo europeo y por el izquierdo la música que llegaba desde el Mississippi, con ¡os lentos barcos de espectáculos que remontaban el agua fan­ gosa. El entretejido de nostalgia y melancolía que surgió de ambas corrientes sería el estilo del niño prodigio, la intuición y la lógica implacable, el lirismo y la urgencia que no se alejaron jamás. Rodeado ¡a mayor parte de las veces de músicos mediocres, en vez de dejarse arrastrar por ellos influía y rescataba valores. Hacía de la pesadez cosas brillantes y convincentes. Por algo decía Berend que era el primer gran cool-solist de la historia del jazz. De él a Miles Davies o Chet Baker hay una línea recta. Comienza a tocar en público a los dieciocho años con ¡a orquesta de Dick Voynow, y a los veinte surge el primer conjunto, la primera gran banda del estilo Chicago: The Wolverines. Y el representante más destacado de ese estilo se llamó Bix Beiderbecke; él encierra en sí el concepto del estilo Chicago. La guerra había influido en la cuna del jazz: Nueva Orleáns. Al transformarse en puerto de guerra—cuentan—, el comandante de marina clausura oficialmente —¡qué raro!— el barrio más alegre y divertido: Storyville, diciendo que constituía «un peligro para la moral de sus tropas». Por lo tanto, las damas sin trabajo y los cientos de músicos que la habitaban abandonaron la ciudad, la histórica «Story­ ville», rumbo a Chicago. Comenzó lo que sería la gran migración no sólo desde el Sur, y si el primer estilo de jazz se ¡lama Nueva Orleáns, su verdadera y más brillante época se desarrolla en Chicago en los años veinte, y es­ timulado por este aluvión de primera magnitud, por contacto directo se desarrolla el estilo Chicago. Jóvenes blancos y aficionados trataron de imitarlo, y al creer que lo copiaban hacen surgir el nuevo estilo. En éste no se encuentran ¡as improvisaciones múltiples de Nueva 255 Orleáns, sino que aparecen más 'as melodías y lo particular, el solis­ ta, el instrumento... The Wolvennes comienzan a grabar en un galpón que la compañía Gennet, en Indiana, arrendaba junto a las vías del ferrocarril—graba­ ciones que debían suspenderse cada vez que pasaba un tren—, y dichas grabaciones muestran ya un músico maduro de veinte años que empleaba extraños recursos, pese a los cuales todo el mundo quedaba hechizado,: Big Boy, Sensation. Un año más tarde aparece Frankie Trumbauer, su gurú. Un músico culto y un saxofonista contralto con una barra de hielo en la cabeza, capaz de interpretar y seguir a Bix en el saxo como ninguno de los trompetistas. Con é' realiza sus mejores interpretaciones, y es que Frankie era la continuación de Bix, actuaban mano a mano, como en el caso de Borneo. Allí hay una entrada dirigida por Bix, Scrappy Lambert cantando en broma como los grandes crooners de la época y fuego se entregan los amigos a su pasatiempo favorito: dos compases para uno, dos compases para el otro; Bix ¡o engaña con un silencio y lo mismo hace Frank. Variantes de ¡a treta empleada en Baby, won't you please come home?, frases ascendentes y sólo improvisado sobre la misma frase. Los amigos se conocían demasiado. Cuenta Trumbauer: En 1926 dirigía yo la orquesta del Arcadia Baliroom en Saint Louis. Bix y Pee Wee Russell—un buen clarinista—estaban con­ migo. En ese lugar se detenían todos los músicos que pasaban y los que no lo eran también. Está de más decir que la orquesta to­ caba cosas que sobrepasaban al público medio de ia época. En­ tonces, Charles Horvarth me propuso dirigir la formación de Gold- kette en Detroit. Cuando le dije que llevaría a Bix conmigo no es­ tuvo muy satisfecho, y me dijo que Bix ya había estado en Detroit y no se había visto gran cosa. Le contesté que cuestión de aceptar o rechazar. Entonces reconsideró el punto y dijo finalmente que estaba conforme, si yo me responsabilizaba por lo que pudiera hacer Bix, ya que creía que el asunto no andaría bien con él. Ai comienzo, Bix no sabía leer música. Le enseñamos todo lo que pudimos durante el tiempo disponible. Lo hicimos trabajar so­ bre partituras de violín; luego le enseñamos a transcribir las par­ tituras de violín para la trompeta y se desenvolvió bastante bien. Por lo menos lo hacía lo mejor posible. Nos entendíamos muy bien y éramos capaces de prever lo que cada uno podía hacer con su instrumento. Pasábamos horas en el piano componiendo y casi nun­ ca oíamos música popular. Generalmente escuchábamos las sinfo­ nías que nos gustaban. Lo que la mayoría ignora de Bix es que terminó leyendo bien. 256 ¡Qué contentas estarían las madres de Davenport! ¡El niño sabía hacer algo bueno! ¡Sabía leer! Lo demás, por lo tanto, podía olvidarse. Mejor olvidar que en las giras con las orquestas de Jean Goldkette y Paul Whiteman no había quien quisiera dormir con Bix. El olor que despedían sus medias de­ tenía el vuelo de las moscas. Puede decirse con toda honestidad que fue el abanderado de la mugre bohemia. Un genio que desaparecía por semanas sin que nadie supiese dónde andaba, que en tabernas inmundas charlaba con las prostitutas acerca de las óperas de Wag- ner. Whiteman le pagaba el sueldo como si trabajara—sabía dema­ siado bien a quién contaba entre sus filas—y dejaba la silla de Bix vacía, para que se notara que el genio andaba suelto, escuchando alguna cosa rara de Debussy o Stravinsky, deambulando por Chicago en busca de alguna ambulancia cuya sirena le diera el tono justo para completar Jazz me blues o el final de Dardanella, Es que ése era el aire fresco imprescindible para volver a esas orquestas de veinte o veinticinco músicos que no eran exactamente sociedades de beneficencia, Goldkette mantenía varias orquestas bajo su nombre, con arregla- dores especiales para cada solista —el de Bix se llamaba Bill Chalis— y grababan cualquier cosa, desde los primeros jingles, como In my merry Oldsmobile, con Bix en la corneta y del que se conservan dos matrices, hasta Clementine, donde el fantasma se lucía encantadora- mente. Luego estaba el mamut de Paul Whiteman, donde Bix cobraba dólares en demasía. Entró en la organización del Rey de! jazz—así se autodenominaba el filibustero—aterrorizado, creyendo—quizá te­ nía razón—que con los arreglos de Whiteman, modelo de la música comercial de la época, podría encontrar algo de lo que buscaba, sus eternas aspiraciones, el brillo de ¡os arreglos refinados y elegantes, la punta del hilo que conducía a Ravel y los impresionistas. Y es allí donde aparece el navegante capaz de capear los temporales más can­ tábricos, pues los escalofriantes delirios que suelta el Rey del jazz —siempre asoma el ejemplo de Sweet Sue y terminará gustándonos— sólo se podían aguantar tomando una mano de rizos, tres dosis de alcohol y el lirismo humorístico que hizo comprar discos y discos a coleccionistas para escuchar dos corcheas en la corneta abollada de un quintacolumnista puro y salado. ...una corneta se desgajó del resto y dejó caer las dos pri­ meras notas del tema, apoyándose en ellas como en un trampolín. Bix dio el salto en pleno corazón, el claro dibujo se inscribió en el silencio con un lujo de zarpazo. Dos muertos se batían frater­ nalmente, ovillándose y desentendiéndose, Bix y Eddíe Lang {que se llamaba Salvatore Massaro) jugaban con la pelota l'm coming, 257 CUADERNOS HISPANOAMERICANOS. 364-366.—17 Virginia, y dónde estaría enterado Bix, pensó Oliveira, y dónde Eddie Lang, a cuántas millas una de otra sus dos nadas que en una noche futura de París se batían guitarra contra corneta, gin contra mala suerte, el jazz. ...el pobre Bix se tenía que arreglar con un coro y gracias, apenas entraban en calor' zas, se acabó. Lo que habrán rabiado cuando grababan discos. ...tan ajenas a ellos y anacrónicas como la corneta de Bix en­ trando y saliendo desde un tiempo diferente (*), Todo esto en 1927, cuando aparecen bien notorios los principios de una neumonía que lo despacharía rápidamente al infierno.
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