DOCSLIB.ORG

Daily Stressors and Inflammation Among Family Dementia Caregivers

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Daily Stressors and Inflammation Among Family Dementia Caregivers Daily Stressors and Inflammation Among Family Dementia Caregivers Dissertation Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University By Jean-Philippe Gouin, M.A. Graduate Program in Psychology The Ohio State University 2011 Dissertation Committee: Janice K. Kiecolt-Glaser, Advisor Charles F. Emery Michael W. Vasey Copyright by Jean-Philippe Gouin 2011 Abstract Acute laboratory stressors elicit elevations in circulating inflammatory biomarkers. Chronic stressors, such as family dementia caregiving, promote a state of chronic low-grade inflammation. The recurrent daily stressors associated with chronic stress may lead to repeated and sustained activation the inflammatory system. The goals of the present study were to evaluate whether greater exposure and reactivity to daily stressors fueled increased inflammation among family dementia caregivers, compared to noncaregiving controls. This cross-sectional study included 78 family dementia caregivers and 105 noncaregiving controls. A semi-structured interview, the Daily Inventory of Stressful Events, assessed the occurrence of daily stressors in the past 24 hours; self-report questionnaires evaluated mood, health, and health behaviors; a blood sample provided data on two inflammatory markers, C-reactive protein (CRP) and interleukin-6 (IL-6). Results showed that caregivers were more likely to experience multiple stressors in the past 24 hours than noncaregiving controls. The occurrence of multiple daily stressors was associated with greater CRP, and exposure to multiple daily stressors mediated the relationship between parental caregiving and increased CRP. Statin use moderated the relationship between daily stressors and IL-6 production; daily stressors were related to IL-6, but only among participants not using statins. Furthermore, among participants not using statins, the chronic stress of caregiving amplified IL-6, but not CRP, responses to daily stressors. The associations between daily stressors and ii inflammation remained significant even after adjusting for differences in health and health behaviors. These results indicate that the cumulative effect of daily stressors promotes sustained elevations in inflammation. Greater exposure to daily stressors among family dementia caregivers may promote the chronic low-grade inflammation and the enhanced health risk observed in this chronically-stressed population. iii To my family. iv Acknowledgments I would like to thank my advisor, Dr. Janice Kiecolt-Glaser, for her wonderful mentorship and for providing me with exciting research opportunities. I would also like to thank Dr. Charles Emery and Dr. Mike Vasey for their time and helpful feedback. A thank you also goes to Dr. Maurice Eastridge who served as the Graduate Faculty Representative on my dissertation defense. I would also like to thank my lab mate, Liisa Hantsoo, for her countless revisions of the manuscript and help throughout my graduate studies at OSU. A special thank you also goes to my friends Tammy Schuler, LaBarron Hill, Eleshia Morrison, Gizem Erdem, Molly Martinez, and Kristy Hall. They were always there to incite me to work when it was time to work and to play when it was time to play. I would also like to thank Vance for bringing joy in everyday of my life. Finally, I also wish to thank my family for their constant support. I would also like to thank the Fonds de la Recherche en Santé du Québec for its financial support throughout my doctoral studies at the Ohio State University and the NIH for its funding of the parent study (Grant # AG025732). v Vita October 21st, 1981…………………………………………….Born, Québec City, Canada 2004.................................................................B.A. Psychology, Laval University, Canada 2006 ………………………...M.Ps. Clinical Psychology, University of Montréal, Canada 2009………………………………..M.A. Clinical Psychology, The Ohio State University Publications 1. Fagundes, C.P., Murray, D., Hwang, B.S., Gouin, J.P., Thayer, J.F., Sollers, J.J., Shapiro, C., Malarkey, W., & Kiecolt-Glaser, J.K. Sympathetic and Parasympathetic Activity in Cancer-Related Fatigue: More Evidence for a Physiological Substrate in Cancer Survivors. (In Press). Psychoneuroendocrinology. 2. Gouin, JP. Chronic Stress and Immune Dysregulation. (In Press). American Journal of Lifestyle Medicine. 3. Kiecolt-Glaser, JK, Gouin, JP, Glaser, R, Malarkey, WB, Pang, N. (2011). Childhood Adversity Heightens the Impact of Later-Life Caregiving Stress on Telomere Length and Inflammation. Psychosomatic Medicine, 73(1), 16-22. 4. Gouin, J.P., & Kiecolt-Glaser, J.K. (2011). The Impact of Psychological Stress on Wound Healing: Methods and Mechanisms. Immunology and Allergy Clinics of North America,31(1), 81-93. 5. Gouin, J.P., Connors, J., Kiecolt-Glaser, J.K., Glaser, R. Malarkey, W.B., Atkinson, C., Beversdorf, D., & Quan, N. (2010). Altered Expression of Circadian Rhythm Genes Among Individuals With a History of Depression. Journal of Affective Disorders. 126 (1-2):161-166. 6. Gouin JP, Carter CS, Pournajafi-Nazarloo H, Glaser R, Malarkey W, Loving T, Stowell J, & Kiecolt-Glaser J. (In Press). Marital Behavior, Oxytocin, Vasopressin, and Wound Healing. Psychoneuroendocrinology. vi 7. Kiecolt-Glaser JK, Gouin, J.P., Hantsoo, L.V. (In Press). Close Relationships and Inflammation. Neurobehavioral Review. 8. Gouin JP, Hantsoo L, Kiecolt-Glaser JK. (2010). Stress, Negative Emotions, and Inflammation. Handbook of Social Neurosciences. Edited by J.T. Caccioppo & J. Decety. John Wiley and Sons. 9. Gouin JP, Glaser R, Loving TJ, Malarkey WB, Stowell J, Houts C, & Kiecolt- Glaser JK. (2009). Attachment avoidance predicts inflammatory responses to marital conflict. Brain, Behavior, and Immunity, 23, 898-904. 10. Gouin JP, Hantsoo L, & Kiecolt-Glaser JK. (2008). Immune dysregulation and chronic stress among older adults: a review. Neuroimmunomodulation, 15: 251- 259. 11. Gouin JP, Kiecolt-Glaser JK, Malarkey WB, Glaser R. (2008).The influence of anger expression on wound healing. Brain Behavior and Immunity, 22: 699-708. 12. Christian, LM, Deichert, NT, Gouin, JP, Graham, JE, Kiecolt-Glaser, JK. (2008). "Psychological influences on neuroendocrine and immune outcomes." In Handbook of Neuroscience for the Behavioral Sciences, Edited by J.T. Cacioppo & G.G. Berntson. TBD: John Wiley and Sons. 13. Achille, MA, Rosberger, Z, Robitaille, R, Lebel, S, Gouin, JP, Bultz, BD., & Chan PTK. (2006). Facilitators and obstacles to sperm banking in young men receiving gonadotoxic chemotherapy for cancer : the perspective of survivors and health care professionals. Human Reproduction, 21: 3206-3216. Fields of Study Major Field: Psychology Concentrations: Clinical Psychology Health Psychology vii Table of Contents Abstract ............................................................................................................................... ii Dedication .......................................................................................................................... iv Acknowledgments............................................................................................................... v Vita ..................................................................................................................................... vi List of Tables ..................................................................................................................... ix List of Figures .................................................................................................................... xi Chapter 1: Introduction ....................................................................................................... 1 Chapter 2: Method .......................................................................................................... 31 Chapter 3: Results ............................................................................................................. 45 Chapter 4: Discussion ....................................................................................................... 71 References ......................................................................................................................... 97 Appendix A: Tables ........................................................................................................ 133 Appendix B: Figures ....................................................................................................... 158 Appendix C: Semi-structured interviews ........................................................................ 178 Appendix C: Self-reported questionnaires ...................................................................... 185 viii List of Tables Table 1. Sociodemographic characteristics of family dementia caregivers and noncaregiving controls. ...................................................................................... ……… 131 Table 2. Self-reported health and medication use among caregivers and controls……. 132 Table 3. Caregiving status and inflammation…………………………………………. 133 Table 4. Psychosocial characteristics of family dementia caregivers and noncaregiving controls………………………………………………………………… 134 Table 5. Health behavior practices among caregivers and controls…………………… 135 Table 6. Daily stressors and inflammation……………………………………………..136 Table 7. Daily stressors, caregiving status, and inflammation……………….……..… 137 Table 8. Caregiving status by daily stress interaction and inflammation………...…… 138 Table
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Health Effects Associated with Marital Status Transition Among Elders in China
    Health effects associated with marital status transition among elders in China Yu Sun, Virginia Tech, [email protected] Wen You, Virginia Tech, [email protected] Selected Paper prepared for presentation at the 2018 Agricultural & Applied Economics Association Annual Meeting, Washington, D.C., August 5-August 7 Copyright 2018 by [Yu Sun, Wen You.]. All rights reserved. Readers may make verbatim copies of this document for non-commercial purposes by any means, provided that this copyright notice appears on all such copies. 1. Introduction Elderly people’s health is determined not only by genetic factors, but also by nutritional and socioeconomic factors (Lindeboom, Portrait, and van den Berg 2002). Marital status is shown to be an essential determinant of health (Zella 2017; Kiecolt- Glaser and Newton 2001). Marriage has a protective effect on the elders’ health through daily care, financial and spiritual support (Zhou and Hearst 2016b). In addition, the transition of marital status have a particularly great impact on the health of older individuals. The loss of a spouse increases greatly the risk of depression or anxiety (Fried 2015; Turvey et al. 1999). If the martial status transition has a large effect on health among the aged people, the transition may be a useful signal for the health care workers to provide special health service on the occurrence of such an event. Insight in the effect of marital status transitions on health among the elder people is vital to monitor future needs of health care for the elders and carry out prevention of relevant diseases. This issue is especially vital to the Chinese health policy designers as rapid population aging and high divorce rate are two of the most pressing challenges in China.
    [Show full text]
  • Work-Family Balance and Marital Satisfaction: the Mediating Effects
    Society and Mental Health 2017, Vol. 7(3) 175–195 Work-family Balance and Ó American Sociological Association 2017 DOI: 10.1177/2156869317713069 Marital Satisfaction: The journals.sagepub.com/home/smh Mediating Effects of Mental and Physical Health Deniz Yucel1 Abstract Applying the stress-divorce model to explain the impact of spillover stress, this study analyzes 1,961 mar- ried participants in the National Study of the Changing Workforce. Specifically, it tests the individual and combined effects of work-to-family conflict, family-to-work conflict, work-to-family enrichment, and family-to-work enrichment on marital satisfaction. Additionally, this study tests whether these effects are mediated by mental and physical health. The results suggest that mental health and physical health both fully mediate the effect of work-to-family conflict, while mental health and physical health both par- tially mediate the effect of work-to-family enrichment on marital satisfaction. On the other hand, neither of the health measures mediates the effects of family-to-work conflict and family-to-work enrichment on marital satisfaction. These results suggest the importance of examining both the positive and the negative aspects of work-family balance in understanding marital satisfaction and highlight the mediating effects of mental and physical health in shaping how work-family balance affects marital satisfaction. Keywords work-to-family conflict, work-to-family enrichment, family-to-work conflict, family-to-work enrichment, marital satisfaction Work and family are considered two separate conflict might affect nonwork outcomes, such as domains that influence each other in both positive marital satisfaction (Allen et al.
    [Show full text]
  • Three Studies to Investigate Biopsychosocial Influences on Marital Conflict
    University of Kentucky UKnowledge Theses and Dissertations--Family Sciences Family Sciences 2012 THREE STUDIES TO INVESTIGATE BIOPSYCHOSOCIAL INFLUENCES ON MARITAL CONFLICT Claire Kimberly University of Kentucky, [email protected] Right click to open a feedback form in a new tab to let us know how this document benefits ou.y Recommended Citation Kimberly, Claire, "THREE STUDIES TO INVESTIGATE BIOPSYCHOSOCIAL INFLUENCES ON MARITAL CONFLICT" (2012). Theses and Dissertations--Family Sciences. 1. https://uknowledge.uky.edu/hes_etds/1 This Doctoral Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Family Sciences at UKnowledge. It has been accepted for inclusion in Theses and Dissertations--Family Sciences by an authorized administrator of UKnowledge. For more information, please contact [email protected]. STUDENT AGREEMENT: I represent that my thesis or dissertation and abstract are my original work. Proper attribution has been given to all outside sources. I understand that I am solely responsible for obtaining any needed copyright permissions. I have obtained and attached hereto needed written permission statements(s) from the owner(s) of each third-party copyrighted matter to be included in my work, allowing electronic distribution (if such use is not permitted by the fair use doctrine). I hereby grant to The University of Kentucky and its agents the non-exclusive license to archive and make accessible my work in whole or in part in all forms of media, now or hereafter known. I agree that the document mentioned above may be made available immediately for worldwide access unless a preapproved embargo applies. I retain all other ownership rights to the copyright of my work.
    [Show full text]
  • Love, Marriage, and Divorce: Newlyweds' Stress Hormones
    Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology Copyright 2003 by the American Psychological Association, Inc. 2003, Vol. 71, No. 1, 176–188 0022-006X/03/$12.00 DOI: 10.1037/0022-006X.71.1.176 Love, Marriage, and Divorce: Newlyweds’ Stress Hormones Foreshadow Relationship Changes Janice K. Kiecolt-Glaser Cynthia Bane Ohio State University College of Medicine and Ohio State Ohio State University Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research Ronald Glaser and William B. Malarkey Ohio State University College of Medicine and Ohio State Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research Neuroendocrine function, assessed in 90 couples during their first year of marriage (Time 1), was related to marital dissolution and satisfaction 10 years later. Compared to those who remained married, epinephrine levels of divorced couples were 34% higher during a Time 1 conflict discussion, 22% higher throughout the day, and both epinephrine and norepinephrine were 16% higher at night. Among couples who were still married, Time 1 conflict ACTH levels were twice as high among women whose marriages were troubled 10 years later than among women whose marriages were untroubled. Couples whose marriages were troubled at follow-up produced 34% more norepinephrine during conflict, 24% more norepinephrine during the daytime, and 17% more during nighttime hours at Time 1 than the untroubled. Broadly stated, social learning models suggest that disordered Bradbury’s (1999b) “two factor” hypothesis suggests that aggres- communication promotes poor marital outcomes (Bradbury & sion and aggressive tendencies appear to be a key risk factor for Carney, 1993). Although communication measures have been early divorces, whereas marital communication contributes to the linked to marital discord and divorce across a number of studies, variability in satisfaction in intact marriages.
    [Show full text]
  • Couple Play As a Predictor of Couple Bonding, Physical Health and Emotional Health
    University of Central Florida STARS Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2004-2019 2005 Couple Play As A Predictor Of Couple Bonding, Physical Health And Emotional Health Linda Vanderbleek University of Central Florida Part of the Counselor Education Commons, and the Education Commons Find similar works at: https://stars.library.ucf.edu/etd University of Central Florida Libraries http://library.ucf.edu This Doctoral Dissertation (Open Access) is brought to you for free and open access by STARS. It has been accepted for inclusion in Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2004-2019 by an authorized administrator of STARS. For more information, please contact [email protected]. STARS Citation Vanderbleek, Linda, "Couple Play As A Predictor Of Couple Bonding, Physical Health And Emotional Health" (2005). Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2004-2019. 409. https://stars.library.ucf.edu/etd/409 COUPLE PLAY AS A PREDICTOR OF COUPLE BONDING, PHYSICAL HEALTH AND EMOTIONAL HEALTH by LINDA M. VANDERBLEEK B.S. University of Florida, 1981 M.A. University of Central Florida, 1996 A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Department of Department of Child, Family and Community Sciences in the College of Education at the University of Central Florida Orlando, Florida Spring Term 2005 Major Professor: Edward H. Robinson, III Major Professor: Montserrat Casado-Kehoe © 2005 Linda Vanderbleek ii ABSTRACT Traditional couple counseling research focused on why people end relationships, with research only recently addressing what factors contribute to relationship satisfaction and stability. Yet, throughout this research, minimal attention has been paid to the role of play in couple counseling.
    [Show full text]
  • Marriage Promotes Health
    Marriage Promotes Health Issue: Marriage promotes health and well-being among married couples1, as well as among their children. Illnesses Compared to married individuals, the risk of mortality is 58 percent higher for never- married individuals and 27 percent for divorced/ separated individuals.2 Married persons are less likely to become severely ill than the divorced.3 Divorced people have 20 percent more chronic health conditions such as heart disease, diabetes or cancer than married people.4 Married people are least likely to have mental disorders, 5 and have higher levels of emotional and psychological well-being than those who are single, divorced, or cohabiting.6 Men versus Women For both men and women, marriage is associated with a significant reduction in depression.7 Married men have lower levels of stress hormones,8 are three times less likely to die from cardiovascular disease, and live longer after being diagnosed with cancer.9 Married women have a 60 percent lower risk of cardiovascular disease [than divorced women],10 experience less psychological distress,11 and have lower breast-cancer morbidity.12 The diverse health benefits for married couples do not extend to cohabiting couples.13 Lifestyle Married men and women have better access to private health insurance, have lower healthcare costs, and are treated in higher-quality hospitals.14 Married individuals smoke and binge drink less frequently than cohabiters.15 Children’s Health An eight-decade study concluded that “parental divorce during childhood was the single strongest social predictor of early death.” On average, these children died 5 years earlier and were more adversely impacted than those children who experienced a parent’s death.16 Children who experience parental divorce or separation are more likely to have health problems.17 Conclusion: The intact, married family naturally delivers fundamental health benefits to all of its members.
    [Show full text]
  • Does Marriage Really Matter to Health? Intra- and Inter- Country Evidence from China, Japan, Taiwan, and the Republic of Korea
    Does Marriage Really Matter to Health? Intra- and Inter- Country Evidence from China, Japan, Taiwan, and the Republic of Korea Woojin Chung1,2, Roeul Kim2,3* 1 Department of Health Policy and Management, Graduate School of Public Health, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea, 2 Institute of Health Services Research, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea, 3 Department of Public Health, Graduate School, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea Abstract Background: The health benefits of marriage have been demonstrated mainly by studies on Western populations. This study aims to test whether the benefits are also valid in East Asian populations. Methodology/Principal Findings: Individuals (n = 8,538) from China, Japan, Taiwan, and the Republic of Korea were sampled from the 2006 East Asian Social Survey. The association between self-rated health status and two marriage-related independent variables was analyzed using multivariate logistic regression models. In a two-level analysis for individuals from all countries, married individuals were more likely to report very good or good health compared to their never-married counterparts [odds ratio (OR) 1.56; 95% confidence interval (95% CI) 1.1622.10]. However, the addition of marital satisfaction disintegrated the significant association of marriage with self-rated health. Married individuals in satisfying marriages were more likely to report very good or good health compared with never-married individuals (OR 1.85; 95% CI 1.3722.50). In contrast, married individuals in dissatisfying marriages were as likely to report very good or good health as never-married individuals (OR 0.78; 95% CI 0.5021.24). In a one-level analysis for each country, the importance of marital satisfaction varied greatly across countries.
    [Show full text]
  • Marriage and Obesity
    Central Journal of Family Medicine & Community Health Mini Review *Corresponding author Sven E. Wilson, Department of Political Science, Brigham Young University, 722 SWKT, Provo, UT, 84604, USA, Tel: Marriage and Obesity: 801-422-9018; Email: Submitted: 24 July 2016 Clinical and Public Health Accepted: 16 November 2016 Published: 18 November 2016 ISSN: 2379-0547 Considerations Copyright Sven E. Wilson* © 2016 Wilson Department of Political Science, Brigham Young University, USA OPEN ACCESS Keywords Abstract • Marriage In a long course of research across many countries, marriage is associated with • Health better health and lower mortality. Obesity is an important exception to this empirical • Obesity regularity, since most studies find that marriage is associated with higher body weight. • Public health This is an important exception in understanding and applying the nexus of health and marriage in practice. Nonetheless, important clinical and public health body weight. A spouse is in many ways a mirror on the health of his or her partner, and body weight is the most readily observable risk factor. This review essay argues for a greater focus on family-based delivery of health care. INTRODUCTION Body shape and size have a profound effect on the formation of relationships since they affect personal attractiveness. The Family and health are inextricably connected. Around the general idea that people marry those who are like them is globe, when people are asked what matters most in life, they referred to as homogamy or positive assortative mating, and the respond, “to have a happy family life and good health” [1]. tendency to marry people with similar characteristics is very Families are the mechanisms where genetic endowments are strong in all societies.
    [Show full text]
  • Paper 05-2011
    Partnership trajectories and biomarkers in later life: A life course approach Abstract This study investigates how partnership histories of older men and women are associated with later life health using biomarkerks as objective health measures (C-reactive protein (CRP), HbA1c (blood sugar level), systolic and diastolic blood pressure. Partnership histories derived via sequence analyses, optimal matching and clyster analysis that span over 35 years are described using the third and the fourth wave of the German Survey of Health and Retirement Europe (SHARE). Next to selection mechanisms (early life conditions, smoking and physical exercise) the mentioned longitudinal partnership patterns are used to investigate accumulative partnership effects on health. Results reveal that men in a cohabiting trajectory have a higher score on the CRP marker (related to heart disease) and a higher diastolic pressure compared to continuously married men. For women, there is notable absence of such effects on biomarkers. 1 Introduction Many studies have found that married people are healthier, happier, and less likely to engage in health threatening behaviors (see e.g. Koball et al., 2010; Mirowsky, 2005; Schoenborn, 2004; Umberson et al., 2006; Wood et al., 2007). Further research using a life-course perspective that examined the incidence of chronic diseases and marital histories discovered that age-associations in disease are slowed down by longer duration in marriage, thus they have emphasized the importance of time spent in marriage (Dupre and Meadows, 2007). Research on mental health has also demonstrated the effects of marital history (Horwitz and White, 1998; Lamb et al., 2003; Meadows, 2009; Soons and Kalmijn, 2009).
    [Show full text]
  • The National Extension Relationship and Marriage Education Model: Core Teaching Concepts for Relationship and Marriage Enrichment Programming
    The National Extension Relationship and Marriage Education Model: Core Teaching Concepts for Relationship and Marriage Enrichment Programming The National Extension Relationship and Marriage Education Model: Core Teaching Concepts for Relationship and Marriage Enrichment Programming EDITORS Ted G. Futris, Ph.D., CFLE Associate Professor and Extension Specialist Human Development and Family Science, University of Georgia Francesca Adler-Baeder, Ph.D., CFLE Professor and Extension Specialist Human Development and Family Studies, Auburn University The following working group members from the National Extension Relationship and Marriage Education Network (NERMEN) contributed to the development of this publication: Andrew Behnke, Ph.D., CFLE Anthony Santiago, Ph.D. Associate Professor and Extension Specialist, Extension Specialist, Iowa State University North Carolina State University David Schramm, Ph.D., CFLE Sean Brotherson, Ph.D. Associate Professor and Extension Specialist, Associate Professor and Extension Specialist, University of Missouri North Dakota State University Charlotte Shoup Olsen, Ph.D., CFLE Brian Higginbotham, Ph.D. Professor and Extension Specialist, Associate Professor and Extension Specialist, Kansas State University Utah State University Linda Skogrand, PhD. H. Wallace Goddard, Ph.D., CFLE Professor and Extension Specialist, Professor and Extension Specialist, Utah State University University of Arkansas Kelly Warzinik, M.S. Jennifer Kerpelman, Ph.D. Healthy Relationship and Marriage Education Training Associate Dean
    [Show full text]
  • Child Marriage and HEALTH
    Child Marriage and HEALTH Child marriage means early sexual activity and, in most cases, early childbearing. Despite widespread recogni- tion that childbearing in the adolescent years is harmful to both mother and child, it is common in large parts of the developing world. In Chad, Guinea, Mali and Niger, where child marriage is prevalent, half of all girls give birth before their 18th birthday.1 Rick Maiman / David and Lucile Packard Foundation CHILD MARRIAGE ENDANGERS Adolescent childbirth is dangerous for the infant as well as the THE HEALTH OF GIRLS mother. The underdeveloped bodies of girls can lead to com- plications during childbirth and the death of the child. Infants Girls are not physically suited for giving birth. born to adolescent mothers are much more likely to die than When this is combined with a lack of power, information those born to women in their 20s.4 and access to services, married girls experience much higher rates of maternal mortality and morbidity than women who give birth. Girls younger than 15 are five times more likely to CHILD MARRIAGE FActoRS INto THE die in childbirth than women in their 20s, and pregnancy is SPREAD OF HIV AND AIDS the leading cause of death worldwide for women ages 15 to Another serious health risk to adolescent mar- 19.2 The chart shows the maternal mortality rate for young ried girls is HIV/AIDS infection. Growing evidence women ages 15 to 19, compared to women ages 20 to 34 from sub-Saharan Africa shows that married girls in the in select countries.3 region are at greater risk of HIV infection than sexually active, unmarried girls.
    [Show full text]
  • Marital Distress Prospectively Predicts Poorer Cellular Immune Function
    Psychoneuroendocrinology (2013) 38, 2713—2719 Available online at www.sciencedirect.com j ournal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/psyneuen Marital distress prospectively predicts poorer cellular immune function a a,b,c,d a,b,d Lisa M. Jaremka , Ronald Glaser , William B. Malarkey , a,d,e, Janice K. Kiecolt-Glaser * a Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH 614, United States b Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH 614, United States c Department of Molecular Virology, Immunology and Medical Genetics, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH 614, United States d Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH 614, United States e Department of Psychiatry, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH 614, United States Received 7 May 2013; received in revised form 20 June 2013; accepted 25 June 2013 KEYWORDS Summary Psychoneuroimmunology; Objective: Distressed marriages enhance risk for a variety of health problems. Immune dysre- Marriage; gulation is one potential mechanism; cross-sectional studies have demonstrated that marital distress is linked to maladaptive immune alterations. The current study filled an important gap in Marital distress; the literature by examining the ability of marital distress to prospectively predict immune Romantic relationships; Longitudinal; alterations over a two-year period. Method: Participants were 90 couples (N = 180 individuals; M = 25.67) married less than a year Cellular immunity age at the time of their first study visit. Both members of a couple completed a baseline assessment of marital quality and provided blood samples at baseline and two years later.
    [Show full text]