Sacrificial System (The 5 Sacrifices in Leviticus) NAME REFERENCE ELEMENTS SIGNIFICANCE Lev 1; 6:8–13 Bull, ram, male goat, male dove, or young Voluntary. Signifies propitiation for and pigeon without blemish. (Always male complete surrender, devotion, and commitment to animals, but species of animal varied God. according to individual’s economic status.) Grain Offering Also Lev 2; 6:14–23 Flour, bread, or grain made with olive oil Voluntary. Signifies thanksgiving for firstfruits. called Meal or Tribute and salt (always unleavened); or incense. Offering Lev 4:1–5:13; Male or female animal without blemish—as Mandatory. Made by one who had sinned 6:24–30; follows: bull for high priest and unintentionally or was unclean in order to attain 12:6–8 congregation; male goat for king; female purification. goat or lamb for common person; dove or pigeon for slightly poor; tenth of an ephah of flour for the very poor. Lev 5:14–6:7; Ram or lamb without blemish Mandatory. Made by a person who had either 7:1–6; 14:12– deprived another of his rights or had desecrated 18 something holy.1 Peace Offering Also Lev 3; 7:11–36 Any animal without blemish. (Species of Voluntary. Symbolizes fellowship with God. called Fellowship animal varied according to individual’s (1) Signifies thankfulness for a specific blessing; Offering: includes: economic status.) (2) offers a ritual expression of a vow; and (1) Thank Offering, (3) symbolizes general thankfulness (to be brought (2) Vow Offering, & to one of three required religious services). (3) Freewill Offering

1 Dockery, D. S., Butler, T. C., Church, C. L., Scott, L. L., Ellis Smith, M. A., White, J. E., & Holman Bible Publishers (Nashville, T. . (1992). Holman Bible Handbook (p. 154). Nashville, TN: Holman Bible Publishers. 1 The Six Types of Blood Sacrifice (Note: the Peace Offering is divided into 3 sacrifices, therefore not counted) Name Purpose Victim God’s Portion Priest’s Portion Offerer’s Portion Burnt To propitiate for sin in general, Male, unblemished: Entire animal Nothing Nothing Offering Original sin; a means of approach ox/ sheep/ goat/ (hence called kālɩl,̂ (˓ōlah) by unholy people to holy God dove (according to whole burnt wealth) offering) Sin offering To atone for specific transgressions Priest or Fatty portions (fat All the remainder Nothing (håaṭṭaˊt) where no restitution was possible congregation: bullock covering Inwards; (had to be eaten Ruler: he-goat kidneys, liver, within the court of Commoner: she-goat caul) tabernacle) Tresspass To atone for specific transgressions Ram (only) Same as above Same as above Nothing Offering where restitution was possible, (ˊāshām) damages computed at six-fifths payable in advance. Legal satisfaction Peace Fellowship with God; a communion unblemished Fatty portions 1. ; Remainder Offering meal. For unexpected blessing or male or female breast—to high (eaten in (shelāmɩm̂ ) deliverance already granted ox/sheep/goat priest court, the Divided into 3 different types: 2. Heave offering; same day) Thank, Votive & Freewill (see right foreleg—to below). officiating priest (to be eaten in any clean place) 1. Thank Same as above Same as above Same as above Same as above Same as Offering above (tōʷdah) 2. Votive For blessing or deliverance already unblemished male or Same as above Same as above Remainder Offering granted, when a vow has been female (eaten in (Neder) made in support of the petition ox/sheep/goat court, the same day) 3. Freewill To express general thankfulness Male or female Same as above Same as above Remainder Offering and love toward God, without ox/sheep/goat (eaten in (nedābāh) regard to specific blessings (minor imperfections court, First or permitted) Second day)2

2 Adapted from Archer, G., Jr. (1994). A survey of introduction (3rd. ed., p. 262). Chicago: Moody Press.

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