RBT Colombia: Highlights Trip Report - 2014 1

Colombia Highlights Trip Report 1st to 15th December 2014 (15 days)

Rufous-fronted Parakeet by Clayton Burne

Trip report compiled by tour leader: Clayton Burne

RBT Colombia: Highlights Trip Report - 2014 2

Our Highlights tour of Colombia kicked off with a welcome dinner in the heart of Bogota's gastronomic neighbourhood. An excellent meal was had near our hotel before getting our heads down for an early start the following morning. Leaving Bogota before the traffic managed to congest properly, we found ourselves at Laguna Pedro Palo a little after dawn, the skies unusually clear. Situated some 1000m lower than Bogota on the western slope of the Eastern Cordillera, Laguna Pedro Palo proved to be a good introduction to many of the Neotropical species we expected to see over the coming two weeks. Birding activity began a little slowly, but soon enough the odd flock had us up and running. A pair of Smoky-brown Woodpecker was followed in quick succession by Montane Foliage-gleaner, Montane Woodcreeper and an Ash-browed Spinetail. Small mixed flocks contained a number of commoner tanagers including Saffron-crowned, Bay-headed, Crimson-backed, Scrub, Blue-necked, Beryl-spangled, Black-capped and Flame-faced. Much effort was put into finding the difficult Stripe-breasted Spinetail, but only a few managed to get Red-headed Barbet by Clayton Burne half decent views.

New birds came in dribs and drabs after that; a solitary Swallow-tailed Kite and a Pale-breasted Hawk were followed by good views of Moustached Brush Finch and not so good views of a Black Inca moving as quickly as a bullet up the road. A stunning male Canada Warbler and a retiring Black-and-white Warbler brightened everyone's morning up. Marble-faced Bristle Tyrant posed for photos while a Rufous-naped Greenlet made life tough initially. Having had our fill of birds for the morning, we descended to a nearby restaurant for lunch. Many of the usual tanagers fed in the car park fruit feeder, before we set about calling in the resident Bar-crested Antshrike.

Driving back up a multitude of cutbacks towards Bogota, we headed for the cloud forest habitats of Parque Natural Chicaque. Our first stop was made at the hummingbird feeders around the local restaurant – which were empty! The feeders were quickly replenished with sugary water and the hummers made an almost immediate return. Standing no more than a few yards from the feeders, we had an excellent half hour that included eight hummer species: Green and Sparking Violetears, Buff-tailed Coronet, Collared Inca, Golden-bellied Starfrontlet, Tourmaline Sunangel and Glowing Puffleg. Birding the road verge in the afternoon was a much slower affair, but we did add some quality species including a very responsive Rufous Spinetail, an exposed Grey-breasted Wood Wren, a small flock of Superciliaried Hemispingus and a vocal Blackish Tapaculo.

Another early start saw us heading towards Parque Nacional Natural Chingaza, located on the eastern slopes of the Eastern Cordillera. We made a short stop for breakfast in La Calera before continuing to the higher slopes. Flocks were active throughout much of the morning allowing us excellent sightings of the endemic Silvery- throated Spinetail and Pale-bellied Tapaculo, Red-crested Cotinga, Black-crested Warbler, Northern Mountain Cacique and Scarlet-bellied Mountain Tanager. Three Golden-bellied Starfrontlet species of Flowerpiercer were recorded during the day by Clayton Burne

RBT Colombia: Highlights Trip Report - 2014 3 including Black, Bluish and Masked, while both Pale-naped and Slaty Brush Finches were rather common. The endemic Rufous-browed Conebill showed awfully well before we headed even higher. Black-chested Buzzard-Eagle soared over us while Tyrian Metaltail was common in the roadside flowers. The rare Bronze-tailed Thornbill sat on an exposed bush preening, while White- chinned Thistletail sat still for so long that we all managed a few scope views of it.

Lunch was taken at a roadside parilla of immense proportions, meat of every cut cooked to perfection. Post lunch we headed rather heavily over to the Siecha Marshes for another of the major trip targets, the endemic Bogota Rail. Birding started with a flurry of new species including Blue-winged Teal, Andean Teal (of the Merida Speckled Teal sub-species), Andean Duck and Pied-billed Grebe. Bogota Rail was incredibly easy, providing us with scoped views even, but Wilson's Snipe only showed in flight. Sora showed for a few, while some deep wading was required to find a hidden Noble Snipe. With almost all the target species sorted, we headed down the road in search of one more – Spot- flanked Gallinule. With the target well acquired in the fading light, it was back to the hotel for Male White-bellied Woodstar by Clayton Burne another excellent dinner.

From Bogota, we descended the western slope of the Eastern Cordillera to the small village of San Francisco – at least in theory. Our vehicle's internal computer instead decided to go terminal at the motorway off-ramp. It took a matter of minutes to realise we were going nowhere fast, so we grabbed two taxis to take us the few kilometres downhill. [Of note were the monster stiletto heels of our taxi driving ladies!]. The aptly named Jardin Encantado (Enchanted Garden) has over 30 feeders located an arm’s length away from us that literally buzzed with activity. The usual suspects were present, including the endemic Indigo-capped Hummingbird, Black-throated Mango, White- vented Plumeleteer, Rufous-tailed Hummingbird, Andean Emerald and Sparkling Violetear. Brown Violetear made the odd appearance along with male and female White-bellied and Gorgeted Woodstars. With a replacement vehicle some hours away, we left the gardens and took a stroll down the road picking up Red-faced Spinetail, Band-backed Wren and an incredibly exposed Speckle-breasted Wren. Better views were obtained of Scrub and Plain-colored Tanagers.

We spent a little longer at the feeders before our replacement vehicle arrived to take us for an early lunch. Having lost a number of hours, we were certainly going to be arriving at Rio Claro after dark. We headed to Laguna Tabacal to try our luck in the early afternoon heat. Rosy Thrush- Tanager was only heard (not atypical unfortunately), while we managed views of Plain Antvireo, Checker-throated Antwren, Golden-crowned and Grey-throated Warblers, as well as much better views of Stripe-breasted Spinetail. Orange-billed Sparrow obliged for some, while we all got decent views of the diminutive Slaty-headed Tody-Flycatcher. There was enough time to enjoy a cold drink before embarking on the very long and slow Scrub Tanager by Clayton Burne

RBT Colombia: Highlights Trip Report - 2014 4 drive to Rio Claro. Dinner took place at a roadside restaurant before we arrived at Rio Claro somewhere after 21:00.

We arose at the relatively late hour of 05:45 to bird our way around the Rio Claro canyon. The slight clearing around our accommodation provided the first highlight of the day in the form of the near endemic Saffron-headed Parrot. Birds arrived thick and fast after that: Tawny-bellied Hermit on a nest, Barred Puffbird exposed on a bare branch, a pair of Chestnut-backed Antbird and a glorious Cinnamon Woodpecker. Citron-throated Toucans were scoped at distance while a flock of Collared Aracari proved to be far more user friendly. Red-rumped Woodpeckers knocked around some dead stumps, Long-tailed Tyrant hawked from an exposed perch and a pile of Ovenbirds showed after some effort Oilbird by Adam Riley with Plain Xenops, and Wedge-billed and Streak-headed Woodcreepers completing the morning set. Plumbeous Pigeon distracted us for a second before Yellow-rumped Cacique and Chestnut- headed Oropendola gave us 'warbler neck'.

A quick lunch was followed by a target-driven walk up-river to look for the endemic Magdalena Antbird. Incredibly, we were successful almost immediately! A single adult was coaxed onto an exposed branch before it further sidled up to within a few feet of us. With time to spare, it was back to the flatter road section of the reserve to add Pale-bellied Hermit, both Pacific and Slaty Antwrens, Cinnamon and One-colored Becards, Bay and Black-bellied Wrens, a female Fulvous- vented Euphonia, Rufous-capped Warbler and pile of new Tanagers including Tawny-crested, Swallow, White-shouldered and Golden-hooded. A Crimson-crested Woodpecker created some ID confusion, but a male Green Honeycreeper was always going to be a safe call! One of the group managed stunning photos of Bicolored Antbird while we were birding further up the road.

The afternoon birding began almost immediately after lunch (no rest for the hardened birder!), with a short drive to Gruta del Condor. Walking through open farmland, we birded intermittently adding a female White-tailed Trogon, Cocoa Woodcreeper, Russet-winged Schiffornis, White-thighed Swallow and a Rufous Motmot. Completing the boulder-strewn riverbed walk to a large cave, we were received with the loud shrieks of many Oilbirds all around us. A good 20 minutes was spent enjoying these massive nocturnal frugivores before heading back to the vehicle in the fading afternoon light. There was still time to try for one more Mega species – the endemic Beautiful Woodpecker. Hearing a calling bird was one thing, finding its perch was quite another. Frantically searching obvious woodpecker branches on a high bank, we eventually found a co-operative individual. Seeing the bird from distance was satisfying enough, having it descend the ridge to the only Cecropia tree right next to us was quite another. One of the toughest Colombian Northern Screamer by Clayton Burne Endemics of the tour was in the bag in some style.

RBT Colombia: Highlights Trip Report - 2014 5

There was just enough time to add a Lemon-rumped Tanager before heading back to our accommodation. Not that we were done birding, as we searched for a Crested Owl en route to dinner. After some frustrating minutes and the start of rumbling stomachs, we found an adult perched on an exposed branch – a fantastic sighting that was savoured far more than dinner!

Another early start saw us heading towards an additional lowland birding site near Puerto Boyaca. The more open habitat had another range of new species for us to look for. High on the priority list was the near endemic Northern Screamer. Despite hearing the birds calling as soon as we left the bus, we were unable to locate them immediately. As we birded our way around a private farm, new species continued to pile up with the attractive Capped Heron, distinctive black race of Wattled Jacana, Spot-breasted, Red-crowned and Lineated Woodpeckers, Pied Water and White-headed Marsh Tyrants, Orange-crowned Oriole and two striking marsh Blackbirds: Red-breasted and Yellow- hooded. A suite of parrots showed very well in the early morning light, both Blue-and-yellow and the commoner Chestnut-fronted Macaws, Yellow-crowned and Red- Bay-headed Tanager by Clayton Burne lored Amazons, a flock of the diminutive Spectacled Parrotlet and flybys of Blue-headed Parrot. Yellow- chinned Spinetail showed well while Pale-breasted made us work for a view. As we headed back to the bus, one of our eagle-eyed clients saw them: perched near the top of a high tree, practically above the bus, a pair of Northern Screamer! With that, we headed further down the dusty road, birding intermittently as the day became hotter and more humid. Blue-chested Hummingbird buzzed around a flowering tree before we had to work hard to get good views of Scrub Greenlet and Black-headed Tody-Flycatcher. Our morning’s birding concluded with a quintet of raptors: King Vulture, the diminutive Pearl Kite, a pair of nesting Savanna Hawks and a perched Laughing Falcon. As lunch approached and the weather conditions became a little too hot and humid for comfort, we boarded the bus and headed back towards Rio Claro.

After an excellent meal it was off to Hacienda Napoles, the former ranch of Pablo Escobar – the world’s most infamous narcotics baron. Now a state-owned theme park, the blaring sounds of trumpeting Elephants and other African mammals didn't bode all that well for a birding site (Pablo imported many large African mammals to his ranch, even Hippopotamus which have now escaped into nearby rivers and taken a strong liking to the local climate). We escaped the din of the tourist trap and headed for the old 'Escape Road', a road of many dead ends that Pablo had built should he have to make a run for it. The road serves as good path however and the surrounding lowland forest is practically untouched otherwise. Afternoon birding can never be described as brisk, but what we lacked in numbers we made up for in quality; Black Antshrike showed incredibly well before a stolid Grey-cheeked Nunlet was found only feet away from us. A gang of Lesser Kiskadee fed in a frenzy before we finished the afternoon Black Antshrike by Clayton Burne

RBT Colombia: Highlights Trip Report - 2014 6 with Rufous-tailed Jacamar, Plain-colored Tanager and Orange-chinned Parakeet. Having enjoyed another excellent day’s birding, we departed Hacienda Napoles just before the local mosquito population began to wake up. Tomorrow we would leave the hot and sticky lowlands behind, heading for the rather more pleasant climes of Medellin.

We had one last morning to bird around Rio Claro to find any missing species. The day turned out to be very successful, starting with two Orange-billed Sparrows feeding on the edge of the road. Continuing along a muddy trail produced a male White- tailed Trogon, motionless White-whiskered Puffbird, Black- crowned Antshrike and Pacific Antwren. A fast moving flock of Dusky-faced Tanager preceded rather better views of some noisy Tawny-crested Tanagers. Back on the road we were able to prise out a Golden-hooded Tanager, but Scarlet-browed Tanager only hung around for a few seconds. Fortunately, we were not to be denied the last of our endemic targets for the morning as a White- mantled Barbet was spotted feeding high in a fruiting Cecropia tree. With breakfast on the table, a last minute tick in the form of Fasciated Tiger Heron was found perched on a large boulder in the fast-flowing Rio Claro. Breakfast done, we started the long drive to Medellin. Grey-cheeked Nunlet Stopping en route at a popular roadside restaurant added Boat- by Clayton Burne billed Flycatcher, Black-throated Mango and Lemon-rumped Tanager. With drizzle falling and daylight beginning to fade we made one last stop at a gravel pit. Better views were had of a Sora, but with some dogged persistence we eventually got stunning views of Blackish Rail. With that, it was time to get out of the rain and head to our hotel in Medellin.

Having successfully negotiated some very steep and narrow roads, we arrived after a short drive at La Romera. This rather small local park in Medellin is perhaps the best place to see the endemic Red-bellied Grackle, but also hosts a number of other interesting species. We had yet to park the bus when the call went up for the grackle. A quick exit made little difference unfortunately as the birds had already moved on. Not to worry – we would see this flock at close range and at regular intervals all morning. Another desirable species here is the near endemic Yellow-headed Manakin. We had our tree staked out and after a lengthy wait, a bird showed well but only for a limited time. This is a frustrating species that falls into the 'panic bird' bracket (guides run about flapping, trying to get everyone onto it before it disappears), it held true to form. Despite showing on more than one occasion, we were not all able to get good views. Inca Jay on the other hand showed very well. While only recently split from the Green Jay complex, I dare say that the Inca Jay is far more attractive with its banana yellow belly and white punk crown. Our first Golden Tanagers of the tour also arrived to complement our pile of attractive species this morning. La Romera is also known as an excellent site for warblers, which did not disappoint: from the showy Golden-winged, Blackburnian, Canada and Black-and-white, the skulkier Golden-crowned and Three-striped to the Red-bellied Grackle by Clayton Burne

RBT Colombia: Highlights Trip Report - 2014 7 drab Tennessee. Grey-throated Toucanet was our last new species of the morning, a number of them gorging on ripened roadside berries.

With that, it was time to leave Medellin and make our way to the beautiful town of Jardin (Garden). En route, we made a stop near Bolombolo in the Cauca Valley. (Valleys in Colombia mean a set of new endemics to search for.) First of the target species acquired was the tiny Greyish Piculet, followed soon after by the rather tricky Antioquia Wren. Originally considered 'something new' in 2010, it was not until 2012 that the species was formally described. Unfortunately, a large hydroelectric dam planned for the area is likely to make its presence short lived however. Having found two of our three targets, we pushed on for the last – Apical Flycatcher. Slaty- Inca Jay by Clayton Burne headed Tody-Flycatcher, Tropical Gnatcatcher, Plain Antvireo and the tricky Guira Tanager all showed, but unfortunately we were unable to locate our searched for Myiarchus.

A very early start the next day saw us climb into 4x4 jeeps and head up to the Loro Orejiamarillo Reserve (Yellow-eared Parrot Reserve). Our arrival was greeted by persistent 'heavy drizzle' and cloud putting our search for the parrot in doubt. Indeed, so thick was the cloud that most of us withdrew to the sanctuary of the warm kitchen and missed the first distant flock of parrots. Not that much was missed of course – distant black silhouettes were hardly the desired view. Aside from helping ourselves to breakfast, the hummingbird feeders kept us entertained with Mountain Velvetbreast, Tourmaline Sunangel, Buff-tailed Coronet, White-bellied Woodstar and Collared Inca. As the drizzle subsided we began to find a number of commoner species including Golden- fronted Whitestart, Streak-throated Bush Tyrant and Speckled Hummingbird. It was eventually concluded that our poor views of Yellow-eared Parrot were as good as it was going to get. So we drove a short distance to the pass and began walking down the road. Some vocal parrots were heard not far away and while scrambling up muddy banks to get a vantage point … an individual made all our lives easier by simply flying right over us! With a slightly larger spring in our step we went searching for other goodies. Blackish Tapaculo had frustrated us all morning, and indeed it would do so again. Having given up on a nearby vocalising individual for the umpteenth time, the little blighter jumped into view just as we turned to leave. A bit farther down the road, our next stop produced Crimson- mantled Woodpecker, while a flock of Black-collared Jay had us moving back up the hill at speed. One of our beady-eyed drivers had noticed a bird of interest when we returned – which just happened to be an absolute MEGA – three Tanager Finch frolicked within yards of us, providing exquisite views! A pair of Green-and-black Fruiteaters eventually drew us AWAY from the Tanager Finch sighting (the second time I had personally done this in a matter of weeks actually). Further down the road we made a quick stop for a field lunch that also produced Sword-billed Hummingbird, Slaty Brush Finch, the Green-and-black Fruiteater tail-bobbing Grey-hooded Bush Tanager and Blue-capped by Clayton Burne

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Tan ager. With that we headed back to Jardin, but not before some eagle-eyed spotting from the back of the jeep found us all a White-capped Dipper in the nearby torrent. The late afternoon was spent at a nearby Andean Cock-of-the-rock lek. The males came in at the appointed time and put on a thoroughly impressive show for us all. A male Western Emerald dragged our binoculars away for a second before it was time to head back up the hill. The trudge up produced a few new species too, with Flame-rumped Tanager (the recently split red version, formerly part of the Lemon-rumped complex) and a Bat Falcon making good on a late evening hunt.

The following morning started at the nearby Morro Amarillo, a small ridge to the south of Jardin. Colombian Chachalaca called in the distance, but no views were attained. A male Red- Andean Cock-of-the-rock by Clayton Burne headed Barbet showed particularly well, as did a White-naped Brush Finch. A flock of Black- chested Jays performed for us, while a skulking Mourning Warbler showed for some. Moving into thicker forest provided us with our next battles. First the normally shy Orange-billed Nightingale- Thrush exposed itself before we had to work incredibly hard to get views of the endemic Parker's Antbird, though we all had very good views in the end. Whiskered Wren showed next, after which we stood on an exposed portion of the ridge and watched a large flock of Yellow-eared Parrot feeding well below us. As we neared our departure time, it was back down the hill for another attempt at the endemic Colombian Chachalaca. An Andean Motmot distracted us for a moment before two chachalacas did their best disappearing act, though not before we had all managed good views. We left Jardin mid-morning, heading to one of my favourite birding destinations – the Choco Cloud forests of Las Tangaras. Getting to Las Tangaras requires a rather lengthy drive, culminating in a late afternoon arrival. With little daylight remaining and the typical afternoon rain falling already, we sat under cover drinking coffee and hot chocolate watching the fruit and hummingbird feeders. New species for the trip included Rufous-tailed and Steely-vented Hummingbirds as well as Purple-throated Woodstar, with a Yellow-backed Oriole complimenting the commoner tanager species. The garden also threw up a few extras in the form of a nest building Red-faced Spinetail, the resident flock of Russet-backed Oropendolas and the recently split Choco Tyrannulet.

Birding the Choco Cloud Forest features very high on my list of favourite past times. A typically wet place (Las Tangaras receives around 4000mm of rain per year), we were fortunate to have a dry start to the day. The crepuscular drive up to the cloud forest flushed a few roadside Band-winged Nightjar. While some of us quick marched up a steep trail for the chance of seeing the endemic Gold-ringed Tanager, others stayed on the less taxing lower trail. Sword-billed Hummingbird As we set off for the steep climb ahead, permission by Clayton Burne

RBT Colombia: Highlights Trip Report - 2014 9 was granted to look at one bird en route: a family group of recently risen White-headed Wrens. After that is was a steady march up the ridge, passing Torrent Tyrannulets and a Black Solitaire for one of us. Reaching the ridge rather short of breath, we were just in time to see the first of our morning’s Gold-ringed Tanagers. A bird I had picked 11 months in advance as my '2014 Bird of the Year', each viewing of this species is a sight to behold. There is good reason that it occurs on the front cover of many Colombian Field Guides! Another extended scope view was much appreciated before we started the hike back down to the lower slopes. Having seen an Ochre-breasted Antpitta flit past on the hike up, we stopped at a likely looking spot and ended up having the most exposed view of a non- habituated antpitta I've ever seen. Golden- Black-and-gold Tanager by Clayton Burne headed Quetzal strained our necks before we all had great views of a flaring Pacific Tuftedcheek. Below us, the rest of the group was getting to grips with the localised Indigo Flowerpiercer, a family group of the rather tricky Beautiful Jay, Blue-winged Mountain Tanager and a skittish Yellow-breasted Antpitta. As the group re-joined, we set about clearing up numerous members of the regular mixed flocks. Tanagers were heir apparent in the flocks, with Saffron-crowned, Glistening-green, Ashy- throated Bush, Dusky Bush and the endemic Black-and-gold all well observed. An Olivaceous Piha sat stolidly next to a pile of ripe fruit allowing for close approach, in rather oblique contrast to the warbler neck-inducing Choco Vireo and Orange-breasted Fruiteater. Of course, tyrant flycatchers abounded and with time we picked out Ornate, Streak-necked and Handsome Flycatchers and both Marble-faced and Variegated Bristle Tyrants. Star-chested Treerunner gave a fleeting glimpse while Uniform Antshrike was much more confiding. As the morning began to wind down, some classy spotting provided good views of Crimson-rumped Toucanet and Choco Brush Finch. With that, it was off to have a hot lunch at the high altitude hummingbird feeders. The typical suspects were all present; the Velvet-purple Coronets making sure that no other hummer had a proper feed before being chased off. The larger Empress Brilliant has something of an inferiority complex around the smaller coronet, but made enough appearances for everyone to acquire amply good views. Male and female Booted Racket-tails appeared somewhat oblivious to the frenzied commotion while White-tailed Hillstar, Brown Inca and Greenish Pufflegs beat a hasty retreat each time a coronet deigned to chase them. There were unusually few male Violet-tailed Sylphs, but the attractively coloured females provided adequate cover. As the weather deteriorated, we took a chance and descended to slightly lower elevations. Our drivers knew of a good place for a Lyre-tailed Nightjar and it took only a matter of minutes to find a roosting female huddled over a dead stick close to the rocky cliff face. A male and female Chestnut-breasted Chlorophonia put in a good show before we tackled the tricky business of luring out the un- described Alto Pisones Tapaculo. Fortunately we had an excellent response from the tapaculo – which unsurprisingly looks every bit the same as almost every Ochre-breasted Antpitta other Scytalopus member. Most frustratingly, a nearby by Clayton Burne

RBT Colombia: Highlights Trip Report - 2014 10 vocalising Cloud-forest Pygmy Owl simply refused to show. As the rain drop size steadily increased, we abandoned further efforts to find the owl and returned to our lodge in the late afternoon.

Our last morning at Las Tangaras involved a bit of a lie in, for our morning target was not only nearby, but also fancied a relatively late start. After breakfast we stood watching a lamp post... An Andean Motmot sat close by, hoovering up the remnants of last evening’s insect activity. Not that we were here to look at an Andean Motmot of course. Not to be disappointed, a pair of the endemic Crested Ant Tanagers duly arrived on cue, making a leisurely pass of the same dead insect population before vanishing into a nearby thicket for the remainder of the day. With that, we jumped back into our 4x4 jeeps and made our way to the much higher cloud forests above Carmen del Atrato. We only had a matter of hours available to us here, which looked in doubt when we were forced to Purplish-mantled Tanager by Clayton Burne a standstill in front of a large land slide. Thankfully, the landslide had only covered the road in a slick of watery mud and a few large rocks – nothing that could not be moved by hand and then surmounted by our trusty drivers and their ever-reliable Landcruisers. We had not been on the summit long before hearing the primary target of the morning, the newly described Munchique Wood Wren. Originally known only from parts of Colombia that are currently off limits to tourists and birders alike, it was fortunately discovered within a short distance of Las Tangaras. Practically no effort was required in order to get great views of this bird. Next we turned our attention to the vocalising Spillmann's Tapaculo, having additional good tapaculo views of what had become rather familiar: an agoraphobic, dull, dark little mouse-like ball of feathers moving sheepishly in the undergrowth. Then everything went completely dead; it felt as if bird sound had suddenly been switched off – even the vocal tapaculos ceased calling. It was a slightly off-putting walk down the road, as the pressure built with the lack of anything feathered and the clock starting to run down. Naturally we were all rather relieved therefore to bump into an active flock: Yellow-vented Woodpecker, Grass-green and the near endemic Purplish-mantled Tanagers, Lacrimose Mountain Tanager and Black-capped Hemispingus all putting on a stellar show. In amongst the frenzy, a high-pitched 'seep' gave away a small flock of Barred Fruiteaters. As the flock dissipated, we headed back to the vehicles, finishing the morning with excellent views of the difficult Slaty-backed Chat-Tyrant. Down the hill we went, having a quick lunch at Las Tangaras before starting the long drive to Manizales. A few Violet-tailed Sylph stops were made en route for the missing Apical Flycatcher, by Clayton Burne which unfortunately remained on the 'dip' list. We reached

RBT Colombia: Highlights Trip Report - 2014 11

Manizales just after dark for a much enjoyed dinner, before attempting to get some rest while a large contingent of guests helped a recently married couple rock the dance floor in a way that only Latin Americans can...

Another early start saw us heading towards Parque Nacional Natural los Nevados. First a tragic vehicle accident and then a low barrier threatened to impede our progress before we found an alternate route up the mountain. Starting on the lower slopes, we quickly compared both White-throated and White-banded Tyrannulets before a co-operative Paramo Tapaculo showed well. The rare Paramo Seedeater gave short views post which we had the most staggering sighting of a Rufous-fronted Parakeet flock. Seeing the birds in flight is one thing, but few of us have ever seen them perched – and rarely so close and confiding as this feeding flock proved to be. The sighting was immediately declared bird of the day, in fact bird of the trip without argument. Having gorged ourselves, and our data cards, on this fabulous piece of luck, we headed further up the hill to find the colourful Rainbow-bearded Thornbill. At a likely looking road cutting, we Buffy Helmetcrest by Clayton Burne found a cooperative individual displaying its stunningly multi- coloured beard. A short stop for coffee and hot chocolate gave up Plumbeous Sierra Finch, Sedge Wren and a displaying Stout-billed Canastero. With the lower slopes cleared up, we ascended to over 4 100m to reach the Espeletia rich paramo grasslands. A pair of Tawny Antpitta gave good views to us all before we locked onto a male Buffy Helmetcrest, the whole purpose of venturing this far up the mountain. Some Coca tea and a hot Sugar Cane drink warmed our spirits, which were being quickly dampened by the steadily falling rain and generally cold conditions experienced at this altitude. With the weather deteriorating further, we started our journey down the slope picking up both Many-striped Canastero and Andean Tit-Spinetail. Lunch was to be taken at a newly renovated hotel, and while the food was fabulous, the birding was even better. High altitude hummingbird feeders are a rarity, and they helped us see many otherwise difficult species including Golden-breasted and Black- thighed Pufflegs, Great Sapphirewing, Viridian Metaltail and Shining Sunbeam. Post lunch we departed for Manizales, birding at a small city park; Golden-rumped Euphonia and a perched Aplomado Falcon making up our bounty for an hour’s effort. Pre-dinner we drove to a nearby forest patch for a spot of owling. Despite our best efforts, we could find nothing of interest.

Another fabulous day’s birding was in the offering at Rio Blanco, one of Colombia's top birding spots. Arriving pre- dawn proved fruitless as few birds seemed to have awoken under the overcast and slightly drizzly skies. Further up the road we stopped at a pile of roadside flowers to see what might come by. It proved an excellent decision as a Wedge- billed Hummingbird was found amongst the usual suspects. A vocal Andean Solitaire showed well as did a Rufous-breasted Flycatcher after a little searching. Equally good views were had of a 'flycatching' Green-fronted Lancebill while a smart White-capped Dipper worked over the nearby dam wall. Golden-breasted Puffleg Further up the road a mixed flock contained the white by Clayton Burne crowned race of Capped Conebill and a pair of Blue-and-

RBT Colombia: Highlights Trip Report - 2014 12 black Tanagers. These species were all entree fodder for the main show however. Over many years, the local warden has managed to convince no less than 4 species of gorgeous antpittas to crawl out of the thick undergrowth for an easy worm meal. As breakfast time approached, we headed up the hill to enjoy the show. First up, the bold Chestnut-crowned Antpitta came bounding into view before a worm had even been produced. The endemic Brown-banded Antpitta skulked at the edges, swooping in for a quick bite before being beaten into submission every time the Chestnut-crowned clocked him. A pair of Grey- browed Brush Finch quietly attended to the missed worm fragments. Next we headed up to a more secluded feeding station. Formerly one the of hardest members of the family to see, the Bicolored Antpitta has been carefully coaxed and well protected from other bolder, marauding species. Keeping the pesky Great Thrush at bay while trying to get the self-conscious Bicolored in was difficult, but handled with aplomb by the warden. The Antpitta came in for a matter of twenty seconds, shovelled as many worms into its beak as possible before disappearing for the rest of the Slaty-crowned Antpitta day. This was turning into an excellent morning. (As by Clayton Burne anyone who has attended an antpitta feeding station before knows, there is no guarantee that any of them will actually pitch up!) We finally headed off to the last station, where we hoped to see the smallest resident member of the family at Rio Blanco, the Slaty-crowned Antpitta. Clearly someone had overslept, for it took some time for the little fellow to feel hungry. Thankfully, we ended a stunning morning with our 4th Antpitta in a matter of 90 minutes or so. The rest of the forest is hardly short of key species, as we added the scarce Masked Saltator, Plushcap and Dusky Piha to our growing list. Black-billed Mountain Toucan showed distantly after which we headed back down the hill for lunch. The lodge also has a number of hummingbird and fruit feeders which were abuzz with a host of hummers. New additions to the list included Fawn- breasted Brilliant and Long-tailed Sylph, while the typically difficult Buff-breasted Mountain Tanager managed to find itself alone on the banana feeders, the resident flock of Blue-winged Mountain Tanagers seemingly oblivious to the competition. We spent the afternoon back in the slightly higher section of the reserve trying our luck with Blackish Tapaculo again. A perched bird called its lungs out, but it took some good spotting to find the dark ball of feathers against a similarly dark plant stalk. Mountain Wren was far more considerate of our interest, while a Black-throated Tody-Tyrant showed equally well. Streak-headed Antbirds were rather less co-operative, but not nearly as elusive as a pair of obstinate Yellow-billed Caciques. A Purple-backed Thornbill was found high in a flowering tree, and despite the horrid glare we were able to obtain decent views of its violet- purple back. Before dinner we worked for a pair of White-throated Screech Owls with disappointing results, though none of the targeted night birds were helping our cause much in recent days. Chestnut-crowned Antpitta With that we had a quick dinner before heading back to Manizales by Clayton Burne for a quiet night’s sleep.

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The last day of our tour dawned early as we headed over to Otun Quimbaya for a final fling at some more Colombian endemics. We began a little short of the reserve, gazing over the Rio Otun for Torrent Duck, two pairs of which showed very well below us. The morning’s plaudits however went to the driver of a small truck that squeezed its way over a rickety wooden bridge that was surely constructed only for pedestrian traffic. Red-ruffed Fruitcrow, remarkably common only at this reserve, did not disappoint, providing us with a number of sightings throughout the day. A pair of Acorn Woodpecker held for a few autographs before we set off up the bumpy road to the reserve headquarters. We didn't have to walk more than a few yards before we locked onto a beautiful Cauca Guan. Considered extinct for many years, Otun Quimbaya has a flourishing population, and recent finds in other areas suggest the species may have been overlooked for some time. Even so, the bird has suffered a 95% reduction in population since the 1950s. A short walk up the dirt road provided a stunning male Collared Trogon over our heads and the odd Bronzy Inca that refused to pose for any length of time. The rest of the morning was spent watching a clearing for the last of our tanager targets. Rufous- naped Greenlet snuck onto the list in the dying embers of the day as did some uncooperative Metallic-green Tanagers. However, the best was kept for last, at least from some of us, as the endemic Multicolored Tanager showed briefly on two occasions. Unfortunately, we had run out of time and even having pushed the cut off time a little, no more sightings were had. We headed back to the restaurant for a final lunch together before our transfer to the local airport in Pereira. We had a short flight back to the capital city of Bogota before we said our goodbyes and went our separate ways. Our efforts at Otun Quimbaya had pushed the trip tally just over the Cauca Guan by Clayton Burne psychological barrier of 500, including 29 Colombian Endemics, 31 Near Endemics and 24 heard only species.

Annotated List of species recorded BIRDS Nomenclature and taxonomy follows IOC (Version: 4.4): Gill, F. and Wright, M. Birds of the World: Recommended English Names. Princeton NJ: Princeton University Press. List powered through the report generator of our partner iGoTerra.

Status codes: E = Endemic, NE = Near-endemic, I = Introduced

IUCN codes: CR = Critically Endangered, EN = Endangered, VU = Vulnerable, EW = Extinct in the Wild, NT = Near Threatened, DD = Data Deficient ______

RBT Colombia: Highlights Trip Report - 2014 14

Tinamous Tinamidae Great Tinamou (NT) Tinamus major Rio Claro 7.12. Little Tinamou Crypturellus soui 1 heard Rio Claro 5.12 and 1 heard Rio Claro 7.12.

Screamers Anhimidae Northern Screamer (NT) (NE) Chauna chavaria Puerto Boyaca 6.12.

Ducks, Geese & Swans Anatidae White-faced Whistling Duck Dendrocygna viduata Rio Negro 7.12. Black-bellied Whistling Duck Dendrocygna autumnalis Puerto Boyaca 6.12. Torrent Duck Merganetta armata Otun Quimbaya 15.12. Blue-winged Teal Anas discors Siecha Gravel Pits 3.12 and Rio Negro 7.12. Andean Teal (NE) Anas andium andium Siecha Gravel Pits 3.12. Andean Duck Oxyura ferruginea Siecha Gravel Pits 3.12.

Chachalacas, Curassows & Guans Cracidae Colombian Chachalaca (E) Ortalis columbiana Rio Claro 5.12 and Morro Amarillo 10.12. Cauca Guan (EN) (E) Penelope perspicax Otun Quimbaya 15.12. Sickle-winged Guan Chamaepetes goudotii La Romera 8.12, Las Tangaras 11.12 and there 12.12 and Rio Blanco 14.12.

Grebes Podicipedidae Least Grebe Tachybaptus dominicus Laguna Tabacal 4.12. Pied-billed Grebe Podilymbus podiceps Siecha Gravel Pits 3.12.

Ibises, Spoonbills Threskiornithidae Bare-faced Ibis Phimosus infuscatus

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Pedro Palo 2.12 and Puerto Boyaca 6.12.

Herons, Bitterns Ardeidae Fasciated Tiger Heron Tigrisoma fasciatum Rio Claro 7.12 and Las Tangaras 12.12. Black-crowned Night Heron Nycticorax nycticorax Siecha Gravel Pits 3.12 and Puerto Boyaca 6.12. Green Heron Butorides virescens Siecha Gravel Pits 3.12 and Puerto Boyaca 6.12. Striated Heron Butorides striata Puerto Boyaca 6.12. Western Cattle Egret Bubulcus ibis Common/widespread - seen on 14 days of 15 with first observation Pedro Palo 2.12. Cocoi Heron Ardea cocoi Puerto Boyaca 6.12. Great Egret Ardea alba Siecha Gravel Pits 3.12, Laguna Tabacal 4.12, Puerto Boyaca 6.12, Rio Claro 7.12 and Las Tangaras 12.12. Capped Heron Pilherodius pileatus Puerto Boyaca 6.12. Little Blue Heron Egretta caerulea Puerto Boyaca 6.12. Snowy Egret Egretta thula Puerto Boyaca 6.12 and Otun Quimbaya 15.12.

Cormorants, Shags Phalacrocoracidae Neotropic Cormorant Phalacrocorax brasilianus Laguna Tabacal 4.12, Puerto Boyaca 6.12, Rio Claro 7.12 and Las Tangaras 12.12.

Anhingas, Darters Anhingidae Anhinga Anhinga anhinga Bolombolo 12.12.

New World Vultures Cathartidae Turkey Vulture Cathartes aura Rio Claro 5.12, Puerto Boyaca 6.12, Rio Claro 7.12, Bolombolo 8.12, Las Tangaras 12.12 and Rio Blanco 14.12. Black Vulture Coragyps atratus Common/widespread - seen on 12 days of 15 with first observation Pedro Palo 2.12. King Vulture Sarcoramphus papa Puerto Boyaca 6.12.

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Kites, Hawks & Eagles Accipitridae White-tailed Kite Elanus leucurus PN Chicaque 2.12 and Siecha Gravel Pits 3.12. Pearl Kite Gampsonyx swainsonii Puerto Boyaca 6.12. Swallow-tailed Kite Elanoides forficatus Pedro Palo 2.12. Plain-breasted Hawk Accipiter ventralis Pedro Palo 2.12 and La M 12.12. Savanna Hawk Buteogallus meridionalis Rio Claro 5.12 and Puerto Boyaca 6.12. Roadside Hawk Rupornis magnirostris Pedro Palo 2.12, El Jardin Encantado 4.12, Rio Claro 5.12, Puerto Boyaca 6.12, Bolombolo 8.12, Morro Amarillo 10.12, Las Tangaras 11.12 and La M 12.12. White-rumped Hawk Parabuteo leucorrhous Rio Blanco 14.12. Black-chested Buzzard-Eagle Geranoaetus melanoleucus Chingaza NP 3.12. Broad-winged Hawk Buteo platypterus Pedro Palo 2.12 and Las Tangaras 11.12.

Rails, Crakes & Coots Rallidae Bogota Rail (EN) (E) Rallus semiplumbeus Siecha Gravel Pits 3.12. Grey-necked Wood Rail Aramides cajaneus 1 heard Pedro Palo 2.12. Sora Porzana carolina Siecha Gravel Pits 3.12 and Rio Negro 7.12. Blackish Rail Pardirallus nigricans Rio Negro 7.12. Purple Gallinule Porphyrio martinicus Rio Negro 7.12. Common Gallinule Gallinula galeata Siecha Gravel Pits 3.12 and Rio Negro 7.12. Spot-flanked Gallinule Gallinula melanops Siecha Gravel Pits 3.12.

American Coot Fulica americana Siecha Gravel Pits 3.12.

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Plovers Charadriidae Southern Lapwing Vanellus chilensis Pedro Palo 2.12, Siecha Gravel Pits 3.12, Puerto Boyaca 6.12, Rio Negro 7.12, Morro Amarillo 10.12, La M 12.12 and Otun Quimbaya 15.12.

Jacanas Jacanidae Wattled Jacana Jacana jacana Puerto Boyaca 6.12. Tax: ssp melanopygia is liable to be split in future.

Sandpipers, Snipes Scolopacidae Wilson's Snipe Gallinago delicata Siecha Gravel Pits 3.12. Noble Snipe (NT) (NE) Gallinago nobilis Siecha Gravel Pits 3.12. Spotted Sandpiper Actitis macularius Rio Negro 7.12.

Gulls, Terns & Skimmers Laridae Large-billed Tern Phaetusa simplex Bolombolo 8.12.

Pigeons, Doves Columbidae Rock Dove (I) Columba livia Pedro Palo 2.12, Chingaza NP 3.12, El Jardin Encantado 4.12, Puerto Boyaca 6.12, Rio Negro 7.12, Bolombolo 8.12, La M 12.12 and Otun Quimbaya 15.12. Band-tailed Pigeon Patagioenas fasciata Chingaza NP 3.12, Rio Negro 7.12, La Romera 8.12, Loro Orejiamarillo 9.12, Morro Amarillo 10.12 and Rio Blanco 14.12. Pale-vented Pigeon Patagioenas cayennensis Puerto Boyaca 6.12. Plumbeous Pigeon Patagioenas plumbea Rio Claro 5.12, Puerto Boyaca 6.12 and Las Tangaras 11.12. Eared Dove Zenaida auriculata Siecha Gravel Pits 3.12, Puerto Boyaca 6.12, Rio Negro 7.12 and Otun Quimbaya 15.12. Ruddy Ground Dove Columbina talpacoti El Jardin Encantado 4.12, Rio Claro 5.12, Puerto Boyaca 6.12, Jardin 9.12 and Bolombolo 12.12.

White-tipped Dove Leptotila verreauxi Rio Claro 5.12 and Puerto Boyaca 6.12.

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Lined Quail-Dove (NE) Geotrygon linearis 1 heard Las Tangaras 11.12.

Cuckoos Cuculidae Greater Ani Crotophaga major Puerto Boyaca 6.12 and Rio Negro 7.12. Smooth-billed Ani Crotophaga ani Pedro Palo 2.12, Rio Claro 5.12, Puerto Boyaca 6.12, Rio Negro 7.12 and Bolombolo 12.12. Squirrel Cuckoo Piaya cayana Pedro Palo 2.12, Rio Claro 5.12, Hacienda Napoles 6.12 and Loro Orejiamarillo 9.12.

Owls Strigidae White-throated Screech Owl Megascops albogularis 2 heard Rio Blanco 14.12. Mottled Owl Strix virgata Loro Orejiamarillo 9.12. Crested Owl Lophostrix cristata Rio Claro 5.12. Cloud-forest Pygmy Owl (VU) (NE) Glaucidium nubicola 1 heard Las Tangaras 11.12.

Oilbird Steatornithidae Oilbird Steatornis caripensis Rio Claro 5.12.

Nightjars Caprimulgidae Pauraque Nyctidromus albicollis 1 heard Rio Claro 5.12. Band-winged Nightjar Systellura longirostris Las Tangaras 11.12 and 1 heard Rio Blanco 14.12. Lyre-tailed Nightjar Uropsalis lyra Las Tangaras 11.12.

Swifts Apodidae Chestnut-collared Swift Streptoprocne rutila Rio Blanco 14.12. White-collared Swift Streptoprocne zonaris El Palacio De Los Frijoles 7.12, Morro Amarillo 10.12 and Rio Blanco 14.12. Band-rumped Swift Chaetura spinicaudus Las Tangaras 11.12.

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Grey-rumped Swift Chaetura cinereiventris Las Tangaras 11.12. Short-tailed Swift Chaetura brachyura Hacienda Napoles 6.12.

Hummingbirds Trochilidae Rufous-breasted Hermit Glaucis hirsutus Rio Claro 5.12 and Rio Claro 7.12. Green Hermit Phaethornis guy Morro Amarillo 10.12. Long-billed Hermit Phaethornis longirostris Rio Claro 7.12. Tawny-bellied Hermit Phaethornis syrmatophorus Las Tangaras 11.12. Pale-bellied Hermit Phaethornis anthophilus Rio Claro 5.12. Green-fronted Lancebill Doryfera ludovicae Rio Blanco 14.12 and Otun Quimbaya 15.12. White-necked Jacobin Florisuga mellivora El Jardin Encantado 4.12. Brown Violetear Colibri delphinae El Jardin Encantado 4.12 and Las Tangaras 10-12.12. Green Violetear Colibri thalassinus Pedro Palo 2.12, Chingaza NP 3.12 and Rio Blanco 14.12. Sparkling Violetear Colibri coruscans Pedro Palo 2.12, Chingaza NP 3.12, El Jardin Encantado 4.12, Loro Orejiamarillo 9.12, Las Tangaras 11.12, Rio Blanco 14.12 and Otun Quimbaya 15.12. Black-throated Mango Anthracothorax nigricollis El Jardin Encantado 4.12 and El Palacio De Los Frijoles 7.12. Western Emerald (NE) Chlorostilbon melanorhynchus La Romera 8.12, Jardin 9.12 and Las Tangaras 10.12.

Crowned Woodnymph Thalurania colombica Pedro Palo 2.12 and El Jardin Encantado 4.12. Tax: Thalurania hypochlora (Emerald-bellied Woodnymph) and T. fannyi (Green-crowned Woodnymph) are considered conspecific with T. colombica (Violet-crowned Woodnymph), which becomes Crowned Woodnymph. Rufous-tailed Hummingbird Amazilia tzacatl El Jardin Encantado 4.12, Rio Claro 5.12 and Las Tangaras 10.12 and Las Tangaras 12.12. Andean Emerald Amazilia franciae La Romera 8.12, Las Tangaras 10-12.12 and Rio Blanco 14.12.

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Blue-chested Hummingbird Amazilia amabilis Puerto Boyaca 6.12. Steely-vented Hummingbird Amazilia saucerottei El Jardin Encantado 4.12 and Las Tangaras 10-12.12. Indigo-capped Hummingbird (E) Amazilia cyanifrons El Jardin Encantado 4.12. White-vented Plumeleteer Chalybura buffonii El Jardin Encantado 4.12. Speckled Hummingbird Adelomyia melanogenys Loro Orejiamarillo 9.12, Rio Blanco 14.12 and Otun Quimbaya 15.12. Fawn-breasted Brilliant Heliodoxa rubinoides Rio Blanco 14.12. Empress Brilliant (NE) Heliodoxa imperatrix Las Tangaras 11.12. White-tailed Hillstar Urochroa bougueri Las Tangaras 11.12. Buff-tailed Coronet Boissonneaua flavescens PN Chicaque 2.12, Loro Orejiamarillo 9.12 and Rio Blanco 14.12. Velvet-purple Coronet (NE) Boissonneaua jardini Las Tangaras 11.12. Shining Sunbeam Aglaeactis cupripennis Nevado del Ruiz 13.12. Mountain Velvetbreast Lafresnaya lafresnayi Loro Orejiamarillo 9.12, Nevado del Ruiz 13.12 and Rio Blanco 14.12. Bronzy Inca Coeligena coeligena Otun Quimbaya 15.12. Brown Inca (NE) Coeligena wilsoni Las Tangaras 11.12. Black Inca (VU) (E) Coeligena prunellei Pedro Palo 2.12. Collared Inca Coeligena torquata PN Chicaque 2.12, Loro Orejiamarillo 9.12 and Rio Blanco 14.12. Golden-bellied Starfrontlet (NE) Coeligena bonapartei PN Chicaque 2.12. Sword-billed Hummingbird Ensifera ensifera Loro Orejiamarillo 9.12.

Great Sapphirewing Pterophanes cyanopterus Nevado del Ruiz 13.12.

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Tourmaline Sunangel (NE) Heliangelus exortis PN Chicaque 2.12, Loro Orejiamarillo 9.12, La M 12.12 and Rio Blanco 14.12. Glowing Puffleg Eriocnemis vestita PN Chicaque 2.12 and Chingaza NP 3.12. Black-thighed Puffleg (NT) (NE) Eriocnemis derbyi Nevado del Ruiz 13.12. Golden-breasted Puffleg (NE) Eriocnemis mosquera Nevado del Ruiz 13.12. Greenish Puffleg Haplophaedia aureliae Las Tangaras 11.12 and Otun Quimbaya 15.12. Booted Racket-tail Ocreatus underwoodii Pedro Palo 2.12 and Las Tangaras 11.12. Purple-backed Thornbill Ramphomicron microrhynchum Rio Blanco 14.12. Buffy Helmetcrest (E) Oxypogon stuebelii Nevado del Ruiz 13.12. Tax: Oxypogon guerinii [Bearded Helmetcrest] has been split into four species. O. guerinii is renamed as Green-bearded Helmetcrest. Tyrian Metaltail Metallura tyrianthina Chingaza NP 3.12. Viridian Metaltail Metallura williami Nevado del Ruiz 13.12. Bronze-tailed Thornbill (NE) Chalcostigma heteropogon Chingaza NP 3.12. Rainbow-bearded Thornbill Chalcostigma herrani Nevado del Ruiz 13.12. Long-tailed Sylph Aglaiocercus kingii Rio Blanco 14.12. Violet-tailed Sylph (NE) Aglaiocercus coelestis Las Tangaras 11.12.

Wedge-billed Hummingbird Schistes geoffroyi Rio Blanco 14.12. Purple-crowned Fairy Heliothryx barroti Rio Claro 7.12. Purple-throated Woodstar Calliphlox mitchellii Las Tangaras 10.12 and there 11.12.

White-bellied Woodstar Chaetocercus mulsant Chingaza NP 3.12, El Jardin Encantado 4.12, Loro Orejiamarillo 9.12 and Rio Blanco 14.12.

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Gorgeted Woodstar Chaetocercus heliodor El Jardin Encantado 4.12.

Trogons Trogonidae Golden-headed Quetzal Pharomachrus auriceps Las Tangaras 11.12. White-tailed Trogon Trogon chionurus Rio Claro 5.12 and Rio Claro 7.12. Collared Trogon Trogon collaris Otun Quimbaya 15.12. Masked Trogon Trogon personatus Rio Blanco 14.12.

Kingfishers Alcedinidae Green Kingfisher Chloroceryle americana Hacienda Napoles 6.12. Amazon Kingfisher Chloroceryle amazona Laguna Tabacal 4.12. Ringed Kingfisher Megaceryle torquata Otun Quimbaya 15.12.

Motmots Momotidae Andean Motmot Momotus aequatorialis 1 heard Morro Amarillo 10.12, Las Tangaras 12.12 and Rio Blanco 14.12. Tax: Momotus aequatorialis is one of five species in the Momotus momota complex; includes ssp aequatorialis & chlorolaemus. Change English name from Highland Motmot to Andean Motmot following SACC 412 Rufous Motmot Baryphthengus martii Rio Claro 5.12.

Jacamars Galbulidae Rufous-tailed Jacamar Galbula ruficauda Hacienda Napoles 6.12.

Puffbirds Bucconidae Barred Puffbird Nystalus radiatus Rio Claro 5.12. White-whiskered Puffbird Malacoptila panamensis Rio Claro 7.12. Grey-cheeked Nunlet Nonnula frontalis Hacienda Napoles 6.12.

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New World Barbets Capitonidae White-mantled Barbet (VU) (E) Capito hypoleucus Rio Claro 7.12. Red-headed Barbet Eubucco bourcierii Morro Amarillo 10.12, Las Tangaras 11.12 and Otun Quimbaya 15.12.

Toucans Ramphastidae Grey-throated Toucanet (E) Aulacorhynchus griseigularis La Romera 8.12, Rio Blanco 14.12 and Otun Quimbaya 15.12. Tax: species status given to many former sub-species of Emerald Toucanet. The common name Emerald Toucanet now refers to birds found only from eastern Mexico to Nicaragua. Crimson-rumped Toucanet Aulacorhynchus haematopygus Las Tangaras 11.12. Collared Aracari Pteroglossus torquatus Rio Claro 5.12 and Rio Claro 7.12. Black-billed Mountain Toucan Andigena nigrirostris Rio Blanco 14.12. Citron-throated Toucan (NE) Ramphastos citreolaemus Rio Claro 5.12. Black-mandibled Toucan (VU) Ramphastos ambiguus 1 heard Rio Claro 5.12 and Rio Claro 7.12. Tax: ssp swainsonii is often considered a legitimate species (Chestnut-mandibled Toucan)

Woodpeckers Picidae Greyish Piculet (E) Picumnus granadensis Bolombolo 8.12. Acorn Woodpecker Melanerpes formicivorus Otun Quimbaya 15.12. Beautiful Woodpecker (E) Melanerpes pulcher Rio Claro 5.12. Red-crowned Woodpecker Melanerpes rubricapillus Pedro Palo 2.12, Laguna Tabacal 4.12, Rio Claro 5.12, Puerto Boyaca 6.12 and El Palacio De Los Frijoles 7.12. Smoky-brown Woodpecker Picoides fumigatus Pedro Palo 2.12. Yellow-vented Woodpecker Veniliornis dignus Las Tangaras 11.12 and La M 12.12. Red-rumped Woodpecker Veniliornis kirkii Rio Claro 5.12.

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Golden-olive Woodpecker Colaptes rubiginosus 1 heard Las Tangaras 11.12 and Otun Quimbaya 15.12. Crimson-mantled Woodpecker Colaptes rivolii Loro Orejiamarillo 9.12 and Rio Blanco 14.12. Spot-breasted Woodpecker Colaptes punctigula Puerto Boyaca 6.12. Cinnamon Woodpecker Celeus loricatus Rio Claro 5.12. Lineated Woodpecker Dryocopus lineatus Puerto Boyaca 6.12 and Morro Amarillo 10.12. Powerful Woodpecker Campephilus pollens 4 heard Rio Blanco 14.12. Crimson-crested Woodpecker Campephilus melanoleucos Rio Claro 5.12.

Caracaras, Falcons Falconidae Northern Crested Caracara Caracara cheriway Rio Claro 5.12, Puerto Boyaca 6.12 and Bolombolo 8.12 and Bolombolo 12.12. Yellow-headed Caracara Milvago chimachima Pedro Palo 2.12, Rio Claro 5.12, Puerto Boyaca 6.12 and Bolombolo 12.12. Laughing Falcon Herpetotheres cachinnans Puerto Boyaca 6.12. American Kestrel Falco sparverius Puerto Boyaca 6.12. Aplomado Falcon Falco femoralis Rio Blanco 13.12. Bat Falcon Falco rufigularis Jardin 9.12.

Parrots Psittacidae Blue-and-yellow Macaw Ara ararauna Puerto Boyaca 6.12. Chestnut-fronted Macaw Ara severus Puerto Boyaca 6.12. Yellow-eared Parrot (EN) (E) Ognorhynchus icterotis Loro Orejiamarillo 9.12 and Morro Amarillo 10.12. Scarlet-fronted Parakeet Psittacara wagleri Morro Amarillo 10.12. Golden-plumed Parakeet (VU) Leptosittaca branickii 2 heard Rio Blanco 14.12 and Otun Quimbaya 15.12.

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Rufous-fronted Parakeet (VU) (E) Bolborhynchus ferrugineifrons Nevado del Ruiz 13.12. Spectacled Parrotlet Forpus conspicillatus Laguna Tabacal 4.12, Rio Claro 5.12, Puerto Boyaca 6.12 and El Palacio De Los Frijoles 7.12. Orange-chinned Parakeet Brotogeris jugularis Hacienda Napoles 6.12. Saffron-headed Parrot (NT) Pyrilia pyrilia Rio Claro 5.12. Rusty-faced Parrot (VU) (NE) Hapalopsittaca amazonina Rio Blanco 14.12. Blue-headed Parrot Pionus menstruus Rio Claro 5.12, Puerto Boyaca 6.12 and Bolombolo 12.12. Bronze-winged Parrot Pionus chalcopterus Rio Blanco 14.12. Red-lored Amazon Amazona autumnalis Puerto Boyaca 6.12. Yellow-crowned Amazon Amazona ochrocephala Puerto Boyaca 6.12.

Ovenbirds Furnariidae Stout-billed Cinclodes (NE) Cinclodes excelsior Nevado del Ruiz 13.12. Andean Tit-Spinetail Leptasthenura andicola Nevado del Ruiz 13.12. White-chinned Thistletail Asthenes fuliginosa Chingaza NP 3.12.

Many-striped Canastero Asthenes flammulata Nevado del Ruiz 13.12. Rufous Spinetail Synallaxis unirufa PN Chicaque 2.12, Loro Orejiamarillo 9.12 and La M 12.12. Stripe-breasted Spinetail (NE) Synallaxis cinnamomea Pedro Palo 2.12 and Laguna Tabacal 4.12. Silvery-throated Spinetail (E) Synallaxis subpudica Chingaza NP 3.12. Azara's Spinetail Synallaxis azarae 1 heard La Romera 8.12, 1 heard Las Tangaras 11.12 and Rio Blanco 14.12.

Pale-breasted Spinetail Synallaxis albescens Puerto Boyaca 6.12.

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Red-faced Spinetail Cranioleuca erythrops El Jardin Encantado 4.12, Las Tangaras 10.12 and there 11.12 and Otun Quimbaya 15.12. Ash-browed Spinetail (VU) Cranioleuca curtata Pedro Palo 2.12. Yellow-chinned Spinetail Certhiaxis cinnamomeus Puerto Boyaca 6.12. Star-chested Treerunner (NT) (NE) Margarornis stellatus Las Tangaras 11.12. Pearled Treerunner Margarornis squamiger La M 12.12 and Rio Blanco 14.12. Pacific Tuftedcheek (NE) Pseudocolaptes johnsoni Las Tangaras 11.12. Tax: Pseudocolaptes johnsoni is split from P. lawrencii (Buffy Tuftedcheek) Scaly-throated Foliage-gleaner Anabacerthia variegaticeps Las Tangaras 11.12. Montane Foliage-gleaner Anabacerthia striaticollis Pedro Palo 2.12, Las Tangaras 11.12 and Otun Quimbaya 15.12. Uniform Treehunter (NE) Thripadectes ignobilis 1 heard Las Tangaras 11.12. Striped Treehunter Thripadectes holostictus Rio Blanco 14.12. Plain Xenops Xenops minutus Rio Claro 5.12, Hacienda Napoles 6.12 and Rio Claro 7.12. Streaked Xenops Xenops rutilans Rio Blanco 14.12 and Otun Quimbaya 15.12. Tyrannine Woodcreeper Dendrocincla tyrannina Rio Blanco 14.12. Wedge-billed Woodcreeper Glyphorynchus spirurus Rio Claro 5.12. Strong-billed Woodcreeper Xiphocolaptes promeropirhynchus La M 12.12 and Rio Blanco 14.12. Straight-billed Woodcreeper Dendroplex picus Puerto Boyaca 6.12 and Rio Claro 7.12. Cocoa Woodcreeper Xiphorhynchus susurrans Rio Claro 5.12 and 1 heard Hacienda Napoles 6.12. Olive-backed Woodcreeper Xiphorhynchus triangularis Otun Quimbaya 15.12. Streak-headed Woodcreeper Lepidocolaptes souleyetii Rio Claro 5.12, Hacienda Napoles 6.12 and Rio Claro 7.12.

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Montane Woodcreeper Lepidocolaptes lacrymiger Pedro Palo 2.12.

Antbirds Thamnophilidae Bar-crested Antshrike (NE) Thamnophilus multistriatus Pedro Palo 2.12 and Otun Quimbaya 15.12. Black Antshrike Thamnophilus nigriceps Hacienda Napoles 6.12. Uniform Antshrike Thamnophilus unicolor Las Tangaras 11.12. Black-crowned Antshrike Thamnophilus atrinucha Rio Claro 7.12. Historically known as Western Slaty Antshrike Plain Antvireo Dysithamnus mentalis Laguna Tabacal 4.12 and Bolombolo 8.12. Checker-throated Antwren Epinecrophylla fulviventris Laguna Tabacal 4.12. Pacific Antwren Myrmotherula pacifica Rio Claro 5.12 and Rio Claro 7.12. Slaty Antwren Myrmotherula schisticolor Rio Claro 5.12. Northern White-fringed Antwren (NE) Formicivora intermedia Rio Claro 5.12. Streak-headed Antbird Drymophila striaticeps Rio Blanco 14.12. Tax: Drymophila striaticeps is split from D. caudata [Long-tailed Antbird] Parker's Antbird (E) Cercomacra parkeri Morro Amarillo 10.12. Chestnut-backed Antbird Myrmeciza exsul Rio Claro 5.12. Magdalena Antbird (NT) Myrmeciza palliata Rio Claro 5.12. Bicolored Antbird Gymnopithys bicolor Rio Claro 5.12.

Antpittas Grallariidae Moustached Antpitta (VU) (NE) Grallaria alleni 1 heard Otun Quimbaya 15.12. Chestnut-crowned Antpitta Grallaria ruficapilla 1 heard Chingaza NP 3.12, 1 heard Morro Amarillo 10.12 and Rio Blanco 14.12.

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Bicolored Antpitta (VU) (NE) Grallaria rufocinerea Rio Blanco 14.12. Chestnut-naped Antpitta Grallaria nuchalis 1 heard Loro Orejiamarillo 9.12. Yellow-breasted Antpitta (NE) Grallaria flavotincta Las Tangaras 11.12. Rufous Antpitta Grallaria rufula rufula 1 heard Chingaza NP 3.12 and 2 heard Loro Orejiamarillo 9.12. Tawny Antpitta Grallaria quitensis Nevado del Ruiz 13.12. Brown-banded Antpitta (VU) (E) Grallaria milleri Rio Blanco 14.12. Ochre-breasted Antpitta (NT) Grallaricula flavirostris Las Tangaras 11.12. Slaty-crowned Antpitta Grallaricula nana 1 heard Loro Orejiamarillo 9.12, 1 heard La M 12.12 and Rio Blanco 14.12.

Tapaculos Rhinocryptidae Ocellated Tapaculo Acropternis orthonyx 2 heard Loro Orejiamarillo 9.12. Ash-colored Tapaculo Myornis senilis 3 heard Rio Blanco 14.12. Alto Pisones Tapaculo (E) Scytalopus sp. nov. Las Tangaras 11.12. Undescribed Taxa Narino Tapaculo (NE) Scytalopus vicinior 6 heard Las Tangaras 11.12. Stiles's Tapaculo (E) Scytalopus stilesi 1 heard La Romera 8.12 and 1 heard Otun Quimbaya 15.12. Spillmann's Tapaculo (NE) Scytalopus spillmanni 4 heard Loro Orejiamarillo 9.12, La M 12.12 and 1 heard Rio Blanco 14.12. Pale-bellied Tapaculo (E) Scytalopus griseicollis Chingaza NP 3.12. Hitorically known as Matorral Tapaculo Paramo Tapaculo Scytalopus opacus Nevado del Ruiz 13.12. Blackish Tapaculo Scytalopus latrans 1 heard PN Chicaque 2.12, Loro Orejiamarillo 9.12 and Rio Blanco 14.12.

Tyrant Flycatchers Tyrannidae

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Sooty-headed Tyrannulet Phyllomyias griseiceps Pedro Palo 2.12, Rio Claro 5.12, Puerto Boyaca 6.12 and Bolombolo 8.12. Black-capped Tyrannulet Phyllomyias nigrocapillus La M 12.12 and Rio Blanco 14.12. Yellow-crowned Tyrannulet Tyrannulus elatus 1 heard Puerto Boyaca 6.12, 1 heard Rio Claro 7.12 and Bolombolo 8.12. Greenish Elaenia Myiopagis viridicata Hacienda Napoles 6.12. Yellow-bellied Elaenia Elaenia flavogaster Pedro Palo 2.12, Laguna Tabacal 4.12, Puerto Boyaca 6.12, El Palacio De Los Frijoles 7.12 and Las Tangaras 10.12. Mountain Elaenia Elaenia frantzii Morro Amarillo 10.12 and Rio Blanco 13.12. Southern Beardless Tyrannulet Camptostoma obsoletum Otun Quimbaya 15.12. White-throated Tyrannulet Mecocerculus leucophrys PN Chicaque 2.12, Chingaza NP 3.12 and Nevado del Ruiz 13.12. White-tailed Tyrannulet Mecocerculus poecilocercus Rio Blanco 14.12. White-banded Tyrannulet Mecocerculus stictopterus Nevado del Ruiz 13.12. Torrent Tyrannulet Serpophaga cinerea Las Tangaras 11.12 and Otun Quimbaya 15.12. Golden-faced Tyrannulet Zimmerius chrysops Pedro Palo 2.12. Choco Tyrannulet (NE) Zimmerius albigularis Las Tangaras 10.12 and there 11.12 and La M 12.12. Tax: Zimmerius albigularis is split from Z. chrysops (Golden-faced Tyrannulet) Variegated Bristle Tyrant Pogonotriccus poecilotis Las Tangaras 11.12 and Otun Quimbaya 15.12. Marble-faced Bristle Tyrant Pogonotriccus ophthalmicus Pedro Palo 2.12, Las Tangaras 11.12 and Otun Quimbaya 15.12. Streak-necked Flycatcher Mionectes striaticollis Las Tangaras 11.12, La M 12.12, Rio Blanco 14.12 and Otun Quimbaya 15.12. Ochre-bellied Flycatcher Mionectes oleagineus Rio Claro 7.12, La Romera 8.12 and Otun Quimbaya 15.12. Slaty-capped Flycatcher Leptopogon superciliaris Rio Claro 5.12. Rufous-breasted Flycatcher Leptopogon rufipectus Rio Blanco 14.12 and Otun Quimbaya 15.12.

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Handsome Flycatcher Nephelomyias pulcher Las Tangaras 11.12. Ornate Flycatcher Myiotriccus ornatus Las Tangaras 11.12. Black-throated Tody-Tyrant Hemitriccus granadensis Rio Blanco 14.12. Scale-crested Pygmy Tyrant Lophotriccus pileatus 1 heard Las Tangaras 11.12. Rufous-crowned Tody-Flycatcher Poecilotriccus ruficeps 1 heard Loro Orejiamarillo 9.12. Slaty-headed Tody-Flycatcher Poecilotriccus sylvia Laguna Tabacal 4.12 and Bolombolo 8.12. Common Tody-Flycatcher Todirostrum cinereum Pedro Palo 2.12, Rio Claro 5.12, Puerto Boyaca 6.12 and Las Tangaras 10.12. Black-headed Tody-Flycatcher Todirostrum nigriceps Puerto Boyaca 6.12. Olivaceous Flatbill Rhynchocyclus olivaceus Rio Claro 5.12 and Rio Claro 7.12. Fulvous-breasted Flatbill Rhynchocyclus fulvipectus Morro Amarillo 10.12. Yellow-margined Flatbill Tolmomyias flavotectus Bolombolo 8.12. Tax: Tolmomyias flavotectus is split from T. assimilis (Zimmer's Flatbill) Cinnamon Flycatcher Pyrrhomyias cinnamomeus Las Tangaras 11.12, La M 12.12, Rio Blanco 14.12 and Otun Quimbaya 15.12. Black Phoebe Sayornis nigricans Rio Claro 5.12, Rio Claro 7.12, Loro Orejiamarillo 9.12, Las Tangaras 11.12, La M 12.12, Rio Blanco 14.12 and Otun Quimbaya 15.12. Smoke-colored Pewee Contopus fumigatus Rio Blanco 14.12. Eastern Wood Pewee Contopus virens Rio Claro 5.12. Acadian Flycatcher Empidonax virescens Pedro Palo 2.12, Laguna Tabacal 4.12, La Romera 8.12 and Morro Amarillo 10.12. Vermilion Flycatcher Pyrocephalus rubinus La Romera 8.12 and Bolombolo 12.12. Streak-throated Bush Tyrant Myiotheretes striaticollis 1 heard PN Chicaque 2.12 and Loro Orejiamarillo 9.12. Smoky Bush Tyrant Myiotheretes fumigatus 1 heard Loro Orejiamarillo 9.12.

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Pied Water Tyrant Fluvicola pica Puerto Boyaca 6.12. White-headed Marsh Tyrant Arundinicola leucocephala Puerto Boyaca 6.12. Yellow-bellied Chat-Tyrant Silvicultrix diadema 3 heard Rio Blanco 14.12. Slaty-backed Chat-Tyrant Ochthoeca cinnamomeiventris La M 12.12. Brown-backed Chat-Tyrant Ochthoeca fumicolor Chingaza NP 3.12. Long-tailed Tyrant Colonia colonus Rio Claro 5.12 and Rio Claro 7.12. Cattle Tyrant Machetornis rixosa Rio Claro 5.12, Puerto Boyaca 6.12 and Las Tangaras 10.12. Piratic Flycatcher Legatus leucophaius Rio Claro 5.12, Puerto Boyaca 6.12 and Rio Claro 7.12. Rusty-margined Flycatcher Myiozetetes cayanensis Laguna Tabacal 4.12, Rio Claro 5.12, Bolombolo 8.12, Morro Amarillo 10.12 and Las Tangaras 11.12. Social Flycatcher Myiozetetes similis Rio Claro 5.12. Great Kiskadee Pitangus sulphuratus Pedro Palo 2.12, Laguna Tabacal 4.12, Rio Claro 5.12, Puerto Boyaca 6.12, Rio Claro 7.12, Las Tangaras 11.12 and Otun Quimbaya 15.12. Lesser Kiskadee Philohydor lictor Hacienda Napoles 6.12. Golden-crowned Flycatcher Myiodynastes chrysocephalus Pedro Palo 2.12 and Las Tangaras 11.12. Streaked Flycatcher Myiodynastes maculatus Rio Claro 5.12, Puerto Boyaca 6.12, Rio Claro 7.12 and Bolombolo 12.12. Boat-billed Flycatcher Megarynchus pitangua El Palacio De Los Frijoles 7.12. Tropical Kingbird Tyrannus melancholicus Common/widespread - seen on 13 days of 15 with first observation Pedro Palo 2.12. Fork-tailed Flycatcher Tyrannus savana Puerto Boyaca 6.12. Dusky-capped Flycatcher Myiarchus tuberculifer Otun Quimbaya 15.12. Pale-edged Flycatcher Myiarchus cephalotes Rio Blanco 14.12.

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Great Crested Flycatcher Myiarchus crinitus Rio Claro 5.12 and Rio Claro 7.12. Bright-rumped Attila Attila spadiceus Rio Claro 5.12 and Rio Claro 7.12.

Cotingas Cotingidae Red-crested Cotinga Ampelion rubrocristatus Chingaza NP 3.12. Green-and-black Fruiteater Pipreola riefferii Loro Orejiamarillo 9.12 and La M 12.12. Barred Fruiteater Pipreola arcuata La M 12.12. Orange-breasted Fruiteater (NE) Pipreola jucunda Las Tangaras 11.12. Andean Cock-of-the-rock Rupicola peruvianus Jardin 9.12, Las Tangaras 10.12, Las Tangaras 12.12 and Otun Quimbaya 15.12. Dusky Piha Lipaugus fuscocinereus Rio Blanco 14.12. Olivaceous Piha Snowornis cryptolophus Las Tangaras 11.12. Red-ruffed Fruitcrow Pyroderus scutatus Otun Quimbaya 15.12.

Manakins Pipridae White-bearded Manakin Manacus manacus Laguna Tabacal 4.12, Rio Claro 5.12, 1 heard Hacienda Napoles 6.12 and Rio Claro 7.12. Yellow-headed Manakin (NT) (NE) Xenopipo flavicapilla La Romera 8.12.

Tityras, Becards Tityridae Russet-winged Schiffornis Schiffornis stenorhyncha Rio Claro 5.12 and 1 heard Hacienda Napoles 6.12. Tax: Schiffornis stenorhyncha is split from the S. turdina [Thrushlike Manakin] complex Barred Becard Pachyramphus versicolor Las Tangaras 11.12 and Rio Blanco 14.12. Cinnamon Becard Pachyramphus cinnamomeus Rio Claro 5.12 and Rio Claro 7.12.

White-winged Becard Pachyramphus polychopterus Pedro Palo 2.12, Morro Amarillo 10.12 and Otun Quimbaya 15.12.

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One-colored Becard Pachyramphus homochrous Rio Claro 5.12.

Vireos, Greenlets Vireonidae Choco Vireo (EN) (E) Vireo masteri Las Tangaras 11.12. Brown-capped Vireo Vireo leucophrys Pedro Palo 2.12 and Otun Quimbaya 15.12. Red-eyed Vireo Vireo olivaceus Bolombolo 8.12 and Bolombolo 12.12. Rufous-naped Greenlet Hylophilus semibrunneus Pedro Palo 2.12 and Otun Quimbaya 15.12. Scrub Greenlet Hylophilus flavipes Puerto Boyaca 6.12.

Crows, Jays Corvidae Black-collared Jay Cyanolyca armillata Loro Orejiamarillo 9.12. Beautiful Jay (NT) Cyanolyca pulchra Las Tangaras 11.12. Black-chested Jay Cyanocorax affinis Morro Amarillo 10.12. Inca Jay Cyanocorax yncas La Romera 8.12. Tax: Cyanocorax yncas is split from C. luxuosus (Green Jay)

Swallows, Martins Hirundinidae White-winged Swallow Tachycineta albiventer Puerto Boyaca 6.12. Grey-breasted Martin Progne chalybea Laguna Tabacal 4.12, Rio Claro 5.12 and Puerto Boyaca 6.12. Blue-and-white Swallow Notiochelidon cyanoleuca El Jardin Encantado 4.12, Loro Orejiamarillo 9.12, Las Tangaras 10.12 and there 11.12, La M 12.12 and Otun Quimbaya 15.12. Brown-bellied Swallow Notiochelidon murina Pedro Palo 2.12, Chingaza NP 3.12 and Rio Blanco 14.12. White-thighed Swallow Neochelidon tibialis Rio Claro 5.12. Southern Rough-winged Swallow Stelgidopteryx ruficollis El Jardin Encantado 4.12, Rio Claro 5.12, Las Tangaras 12.12 and Otun Quimbaya 15.12.

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Barn Swallow Hirundo rustica Siecha Gravel Pits 3.12.

Wrens Troglodytidae White-headed Wren Campylorhynchus albobrunneus Las Tangaras 11.12. Band-backed Wren Campylorhynchus zonatus El Jardin Encantado 4.12, Rio Claro 5.12 and Hacienda Napoles 6.12. Bicolored Wren Campylorhynchus griseus Puerto Boyaca 6.12. Sepia-brown Wren Cinnycerthia olivascens Las Tangaras 11.12 and Rio Blanco 14.12. Historically known as Sharpe's Wren. Sedge Wren Cistothorus platensis Nevado del Ruiz 13.12. Sooty-headed Wren Pheugopedius spadix Las Tangaras 11.12. Black-bellied Wren Pheugopedius fasciatoventris Rio Claro 5.12. Whiskered Wren Pheugopedius mystacalis Morro Amarillo 10.12. Speckle-breasted Wren Pheugopedius sclateri El Jardin Encantado 4.12. Antioquia Wren (E) Thryophilus sernai Bolombolo 8.12. Antioquia Wren is a newly described species (2010) Bay Wren Cantorchilus nigricapillus Rio Claro 5.12 and Rio Claro 7.12. House Wren Troglodytes aedon PN Chicaque 2.12, Rio Claro 5.12, Puerto Boyaca 6.12, El Palacio De Los Frijoles 7.12, Morro Amarillo 10.12 and Otun Quimbaya 15.12. Mountain Wren Troglodytes solstitialis Rio Blanco 14.12. White-breasted Wood Wren Henicorhina leucosticta 1 heard Hacienda Napoles 6.12. Grey-breasted Wood Wren Henicorhina leucophrys PN Chicaque 2.12, Las Tangaras 11.12 and Otun Quimbaya 15.12.

Munchique Wood Wren (CR) (E) Henicorhina negreti La M 12.12. Munchique Wood Wren is a newly described species (2001)

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Southern Nightingale-Wren Microcerculus marginatus 1 heard Rio Claro 5.12 and 1 heard Rio Claro 7.12. Chestnut-breasted Wren Cyphorhinus thoracicus 1 heard Las Tangaras 11.12 and 1 heard Otun Quimbaya 15.12.

Gnatcatchers Polioptilidae Tropical Gnatcatcher Polioptila plumbea Bolombolo 8.12.

Mockingbirds, Thrashers Mimidae Tropical Mockingbird Mimus gilvus Puerto Boyaca 6.12.

Thrushes Turdidae Andean Solitaire Myadestes ralloides 1 heard La Romera 8.12 and Rio Blanco 14.12. Orange-billed Nightingale-Thrush Catharus aurantiirostris Morro Amarillo 10.12.

Swainson's Thrush Catharus ustulatus Pedro Palo 2.12, Laguna Tabacal 4.12 and Rio Claro 5.12. Black Solitaire (NE) Entomodestes coracinus Las Tangaras 11.12. Great Thrush Turdus fuscater Pedro Palo 2.12, Chingaza NP 3.12, Loro Orejiamarillo 9.12, Nevado del Ruiz 13.12 and Rio Blanco 14.12. Glossy-black Thrush Turdus serranus Rio Blanco 14.12. Pale-breasted Thrush Turdus leucomelas Pedro Palo 2.12, Laguna Tabacal 4.12, Rio Claro 5.12, Hacienda Napoles 6.12 and Rio Claro 7.12. Black-billed Thrush Turdus ignobilis Pedro Palo 2.12, Laguna Tabacal 4.12, Rio Claro 5.12, Jardin 9.12, Las Tangaras 10-12.12 and Otun Quimbaya 15.12. Pale-vented Thrush Turdus obsoletus Rio Claro 5.12. Clay-colored Thrush Turdus grayi Pedro Palo 2.12 and Morro Amarillo 10.12.

Dippers Cinclidae White-capped Dipper Cinclus leucocephalus Loro Orejiamarillo 9.12 and Rio Blanco 14.12.

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Finches, Euphonias Fringillidae Lesser Goldfinch Spinus psaltria Pedro Palo 2.12 and Laguna Tabacal 4.12. Yellow-bellied Siskin Spinus xanthogastra Loro Orejiamarillo 9.12, Morro Amarillo 10.12, La M 12.12 and Rio Blanco 14.12. Thick-billed Euphonia Euphonia laniirostris Pedro Palo 2.12, El Jardin Encantado 4.12, Rio Claro 5.12, Puerto Boyaca 6.12 and Bolombolo 8.12 and Bolombolo 12.12. Golden-rumped Euphonia Euphonia cyanocephala Rio Blanco 13.12. Fulvous-vented Euphonia Euphonia fulvicrissa Rio Claro 5.12, Puerto Boyaca 6.12 and Rio Claro 7.12. Orange-bellied Euphonia Euphonia xanthogaster Las Tangaras 11.12 and Otun Quimbaya 15.12. Chestnut-breasted Chlorophonia Chlorophonia pyrrhophrys Las Tangaras 11.12.

New World Warblers Parulidae Northern Waterthrush Parkesia noveboracensis Rio Claro 5.12, Rio Claro 7.12 and Las Tangaras 10.12. Golden-winged Warbler (NT) Vermivora chrysoptera La Romera 8.12. Black-and-white Warbler Mniotilta varia Pedro Palo 2.12, Laguna Tabacal 4.12, La Romera 8.12 and Otun Quimbaya 15.12. Tennessee Warbler Leiothlypis peregrina La Romera 8.12. Mourning Warbler Geothlypis philadelphia Morro Amarillo 10.12. American Redstart Setophaga ruticilla Otun Quimbaya 15.12. Tropical Parula Setophaga pitiayumi Pedro Palo 2.12 and Otun Quimbaya 15.12. Blackburnian Warbler Setophaga fusca Common/widespread - seen on 7 days of 15 with first observation Pedro Palo 2.12.

American Yellow Warbler Setophaga aestiva Puerto Boyaca 6.12 and La Romera 8.12. Tax: Setophaga petechia (Mangrove Warbler) includes "Golden Warbler" petechia and "Mangrove Warbler" erythachorides groups after being split from S. aestiva

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Citrine Warbler Myiothlypis luteoviridis Loro Orejiamarillo 9.12 and La M 12.12. Black-crested Warbler Myiothlypis nigrocristata Chingaza NP 3.12 and Nevado del Ruiz 13.12. Buff-rumped Warbler Myiothlypis fulvicauda Rio Claro 5.12 and Rio Claro 7.12. Grey-throated Warbler (NE) Myiothlypis cinereicollis Laguna Tabacal 4.12. Russet-crowned Warbler Myiothlypis coronata Rio Blanco 14.12 and Otun Quimbaya 15.12. Rufous-capped Warbler Basileuterus rufifrons Rio Claro 5.12. Tax: Basileuterus delattrii Chestnut-capped Warbler) intergrades and is considered conspecific with B. rufifrons Golden-crowned Warbler Basileuterus culicivorus Laguna Tabacal 4.12 and La Romera 8.12. Three-striped Warbler Basileuterus tristriatus La Romera 8.12 and Las Tangaras 11.12. Canada Warbler Cardellina canadensis Pedro Palo 2.12, Laguna Tabacal 4.12, Rio Claro 5.12, La Romera 8.12, Morro Amarillo 10.12, Las Tangaras 11.12, Rio Blanco 14.12 and Otun Quimbaya 15.12. Slate-throated Whitestart Myioborus miniatus Pedro Palo 2.12, La Romera 8.12, Morro Amarillo 10.12, Las Tangaras 11.12, La M 12.12 and Otun Quimbaya 15.12. Golden-fronted Whitestart (NE) Myioborus ornatus Loro Orejiamarillo 9.12, La M 12.12, Nevado del Ruiz 13.12 and Rio Blanco 14.12.

Oropendolas, Orioles & Blackbirds Icteridae Eastern Meadowlark Sturnella magna Siecha Gravel Pits 3.12. Red-breasted Blackbird Sturnella militaris Puerto Boyaca 6.12. Yellow-billed Cacique Amblycercus holosericeus Rio Blanco 14.12. Chestnut-headed Oropendola Psarocolius wagleri Rio Claro 5.12 and Morro Amarillo 10.12.

Russet-backed Oropendola Psarocolius angustifrons Las Tangaras 10-12.12. Yellow-rumped Cacique Cacicus cela Rio Claro 5.12.

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Northern Mountain Cacique Cacicus leucoramphus Chingaza NP 3.12 and 1 heard Loro Orejiamarillo 9.12. Tax: Cacicus leucoramphus is split from C. chrysonotus (Southern Mountain Cacique) Yellow-backed Oriole Icterus chrysater Pedro Palo 2.12, Chingaza NP 3.12 and Las Tangaras 10.12. Orange-crowned Oriole Icterus auricapillus Puerto Boyaca 6.12 and Rio Claro 7.12. Shiny Cowbird Molothrus bonariensis Pedro Palo 2.12, El Jardin Encantado 4.12, Rio Claro 5.12 and Puerto Boyaca 6.12. Red-bellied Grackle (VU) (E) Hypopyrrhus pyrohypogaster La Romera 8.12 and Las Tangaras 11.12. Yellow-hooded Blackbird Chrysomus icterocephalus Puerto Boyaca 6.12.

Bananaquit Coerebidae Bananaquit Coereba flaveola Pedro Palo 2.12, El Jardin Encantado 4.12, Rio Claro 5.12, Hacienda Napoles 6.12 and Las Tangaras 10-12.12.

Buntings, New World Sparrows & Allies Emberizidae Rufous-collared Sparrow Zonotrichia capensis Pedro Palo 2.12, Chingaza NP 3.12, El Jardin Encantado 4.12, Loro Orejiamarillo 9.12, Morro Amarillo 10.12, Las Tangaras 11.12, La M 12.12, Nevado del Ruiz 13.12, Rio Blanco 14.12 and Otun Quimbaya 15.12. Black-striped Sparrow Arremonops conirostris 1 heard Bolombolo 8.12. Orange-billed Sparrow Arremon aurantiirostris Laguna Tabacal 4.12 and Rio Claro 7.12. Chestnut-capped Brush Finch Arremon brunneinucha Las Tangaras 11.12. Grey-browed Brush Finch Arremon assimilis Rio Blanco 14.12. Tax: English name of A. torquatus is changed from (Stripe-headed Brush Finch) to Grey-browed Brush Finch with break up of this species complex Moustached Brush Finch (NE) Atlapetes albofrenatus Pedro Palo 2.12.

White-naped Brush Finch Atlapetes albinucha Morro Amarillo 10.12 and Otun Quimbaya 15.12. Tax: Atlapetes gutturalis (Yellow-throated Brush Finch) intergrades and is conspecific with A. albinucha (White-naped Brush Finch)

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Pale-naped Brush Finch Atlapetes pallidinucha Chingaza NP 3.12 and Nevado del Ruiz 13.12. Choco Brush Finch (NE) Atlapetes crassus Las Tangaras 11.12. Slaty Brush Finch Atlapetes schistaceus Chingaza NP 3.12, Loro Orejiamarillo 9.12, La M 12.12 and Rio Blanco 14.12. Common Bush Tanager Chlorospingus flavopectus La Romera 8.12. Dusky Bush Tanager (NE) Chlorospingus semifuscus Las Tangaras 11.12. Ashy-throated Bush Tanager Chlorospingus canigularis Las Tangaras 11.12.

Tanagers and Allies Thraupidae Dusky-faced Tanager Mitrospingus cassinii Rio Claro 7.12. Black-capped Hemispingus Hemispingus atropileus La M 12.12 and Rio Blanco 14.12. Superciliaried Hemispingus Hemispingus superciliaris PN Chicaque 2.12. Oleaginous Hemispingus Hemispingus frontalis Otun Quimbaya 15.12. Black-eared Hemispingus Hemispingus melanotis Rio Blanco 14.12. Grey-hooded Bush Tanager Cnemoscopus rubrirostris Loro Orejiamarillo 9.12, La M 12.12, Rio Blanco 14.12 and Otun Quimbaya 15.12. Grey-headed Tanager Eucometis penicillata Rio Claro 5.12 and Rio Claro 7.12. White-shouldered Tanager Tachyphonus luctuosus Rio Claro 5.12. Tawny-crested Tanager Tachyphonus delatrii Rio Claro 5.12 and Rio Claro 7.12. White-lined Tanager Tachyphonus rufus Morro Amarillo 10.12. Crimson-backed Tanager Ramphocelus dimidiatus Pedro Palo 2.12, El Jardin Encantado 4.12, Rio Claro 5.12, Puerto Boyaca 6.12 and Rio Claro 7.12. Flame-rumped Tanager (E) Ramphocelus flammigerus Rio Negro 7.12, Jardin 9.12, Morro Amarillo 10.12 and Las Tangaras 11.12 and there 12.12. Tax: Limited hybridization between Ramphocelus icteronotus (Lemon-rumped Tanager) and R. flammigerus was the basis for lumping them, but this is now considered an error.

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Lemon-rumped Tanager Ramphocelus icteronotus Rio Claro 5.12 and El Palacio De Los Frijoles 7.12. Blue-grey Tanager Thraupis episcopus Common/widespread - seen on 10 days of 15 with first observation Pedro Palo 2.12. Palm Tanager Thraupis palmarum Common/widespread - seen on 9 days of 15 with first observation Pedro Palo 2.12. Blue-capped Tanager Thraupis cyanocephala Loro Orejiamarillo 9.12, La M 12.12 and Rio Blanco 14.12. Black-and-gold Tanager (VU) (E) Bangsia melanochlamys Las Tangaras 11.12. Gold-ringed Tanager (EN) (E) Bangsia aureocincta Las Tangaras 11.12. Hooded Mountain Tanager Buthraupis montana Loro Orejiamarillo 9.12. Lacrimose Mountain Tanager Anisognathus lacrymosus La M 12.12. Scarlet-bellied Mountain Tanager Anisognathus igniventris Chingaza NP 3.12 and Nevado del Ruiz 13.12. Blue-winged Mountain Tanager Anisognathus somptuosus Las Tangaras 11.12, Rio Blanco 14.12 and Otun Quimbaya 15.12. Grass-green Tanager Chlorornis riefferii La M 12.12 and Rio Blanco 14.12. Buff-breasted Mountain Tanager Dubusia taeniata Loro Orejiamarillo 9.12 and Rio Blanco 14.12. Purplish-mantled Tanager (NT) (NE) Iridosornis porphyrocephalus La M 12.12. Golden-crowned Tanager Iridosornis rufivertex PN Chicaque 2.12. Fawn-breasted Tanager Pipraeidea melanonota Las Tangaras 11.12. Glistening-green Tanager (NE) Chlorochrysa phoenicotis Las Tangaras 11.12. Multicolored Tanager (VU) (E) Chlorochrysa nitidissima Otun Quimbaya 15.12. Plain-colored Tanager Tangara inornata El Jardin Encantado 4.12 and Hacienda Napoles 6.12. Golden Tanager Tangara arthus La Romera 8.12, Morro Amarillo 10.12, Las Tangaras 11.12 and Otun Quimbaya 15.12. Silver-throated Tanager Tangara icterocephala

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Bolombolo 8.12. Saffron-crowned Tanager Tangara xanthocephala Pedro Palo 2.12, Las Tangaras 11.12 and Otun Quimbaya 15.12. Flame-faced Tanager Tangara parzudakii Pedro Palo 2.12. Bay-headed Tanager Tangara gyrola Pedro Palo 2.12, El Jardin Encantado 4.12, Rio Claro 5.12, Jardin 9.12 and Las Tangaras 10.12 and there 11.12. Scrub Tanager (NE) Tangara vitriolina Pedro Palo 2.12, El Jardin Encantado 4.12, Bolombolo 8.12 and Las Tangaras 10.12 and there 11.12. Metallic-green Tanager Tangara labradorides Otun Quimbaya 15.12. Blue-necked Tanager Tangara cyanicollis Pedro Palo 2.12, El Jardin Encantado 4.12, Rio Claro 5.12, El Palacio De Los Frijoles 7.12, La Romera 8.12 and Morro Amarillo 10.12. Golden-hooded Tanager Tangara larvata Rio Claro 5.12 and Rio Claro 7.12. Beryl-spangled Tanager Tangara nigroviridis Pedro Palo 2.12, Rio Blanco 14.12 and Otun Quimbaya 15.12. Blue-and-black Tanager Tangara vassorii Rio Blanco 14.12. Black-capped Tanager Tangara heinei Pedro Palo 2.12, Las Tangaras 11.12 and Rio Blanco 13.12. Swallow Tanager Tersina viridis Rio Claro 5.12. Blue Dacnis Dacnis cayana Hacienda Napoles 6.12 and Bolombolo 8.12. Green Honeycreeper Chlorophanes spiza Rio Claro 5.12. Scarlet-browed Tanager Heterospingus xanthopygius Rio Claro 7.12. Guira Tanager Hemithraupis guira Bolombolo 8.12. Yellow-backed Tanager Hemithraupis flavicollis Rio Claro 5.12.

Rufous-browed Conebill (E) Conirostrum rufum Chingaza NP 3.12. Blue-backed Conebill Conirostrum sitticolor

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Chingaza NP 3.12. Capped Conebill Conirostrum albifrons Rio Blanco 14.12. Rusty Flowerpiercer Diglossa sittoides Morro Amarillo 10.12 and Las Tangaras 11.12. Glossy Flowerpiercer Diglossa lafresnayii Nevado del Ruiz 13.12. Black Flowerpiercer Diglossa humeralis Chingaza NP 3.12. White-sided Flowerpiercer Diglossa albilatera Pedro Palo 2.12, Loro Orejiamarillo 9.12, La M 12.12, Nevado del Ruiz 13.12 and Rio Blanco 14.12. Indigo Flowerpiercer (NE) Diglossa indigotica Las Tangaras 11.12. Bluish Flowerpiercer Diglossa caerulescens Chingaza NP 3.12. Masked Flowerpiercer Diglossa cyanea PN Chicaque 2.12, Chingaza NP 3.12, Rio Blanco 14.12 and Otun Quimbaya 15.12. Tanager Finch (VU) (NE) Oreothraupis arremonops 3 Loro Orejiamarillo 9.12. Plumbeous Sierra Finch Phrygilus unicolor Nevado del Ruiz 13.12. Saffron Finch Sicalis flaveola Pedro Palo 2.12, El Jardin Encantado 4.12 and Puerto Boyaca 6.12. Grassland Yellow Finch Sicalis luteola Siecha Gravel Pits 3.12. Blue-black Grassquit Volatinia jacarina El Palacio De Los Frijoles 7.12, Jardin 9.12, Morro Amarillo 10.12 and Otun Quimbaya 15.12. Black-and-white Seedeater Sporophila luctuosa Jardin 9.12 and Morro Amarillo 10.12. Yellow-bellied Seedeater Sporophila nigricollis El Jardin Encantado 4.12 and Morro Amarillo 10.12. Ruddy-breasted Seedeater Sporophila minuta Puerto Boyaca 6.12. Thick-billed Seed Finch Oryzoborus funereus Puerto Boyaca 6.12 and El Palacio De Los Frijoles 7.12. Band-tailed Seedeater Catamenia analis Chingaza NP 3.12. Plain-colored Seedeater Catamenia inornata Nevado del Ruiz 13.12.

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Paramo Seedeater Catamenia homochroa Nevado del Ruiz 13.12. Yellow-faced Grassquit Tiaris olivaceus Jardin 9.12, Morro Amarillo 10.12 and Las Tangaras 12.12. Dull-colored Grassquit Tiaris obscurus Pedro Palo 2.12. Rosy Thrush-Tanager Rhodinocichla rosea 1 heard Laguna Tabacal 4.12. Plushcap Catamblyrhynchus diadema Rio Blanco 14.12.

Grosbeaks, Saltators & Allies Cardinalidae Tooth-billed Tanager Piranga lutea Morro Amarillo 10.12, Las Tangaras 11.12 and Rio Blanco 14.12. Tax: Piranga lutea is split from P. hepatica (Hepatic Tanager) Summer Tanager Piranga rubra Pedro Palo 2.12, Laguna Tabacal 4.12, Bolombolo 8.12, Las Tangaras 11.12 and Otun Quimbaya 15.12. Crested Ant Tanager (E) Habia cristata Las Tangaras 12.12. Black-backed Grosbeak Pheucticus aureoventris Chingaza NP 3.12. Rose-breasted Grosbeak Pheucticus ludovicianus La Romera 8.12. Buff-throated Saltator Saltator maximus Rio Claro 5.12 and Rio Claro 7.12. Black-winged Saltator (NE) Saltator atripennis Otun Quimbaya 15.12. Masked Saltator (NT) Saltator cinctus Rio Blanco 14.12. Streaked Saltator Saltator striatipectus Bolombolo 8.12. ______MAMMALS Crab-eating Fox Cerdocyon thous Rio Blanco 13.12 and there 14.12. Little (Mountain) Coati Nasuella olivacea Rio Blanco 14.12. Common Opossum Didelphis marsupialis

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Rio Blanco 13.12. Colombian Red Howler Monkey Alouatta seniculus 5 heard Hacienda Napoles 6.12. Silvery-brown Tamarin (E) Saguinus leucopus Hacienda Napoles 6.12. Red-tailed Squirrel Sciurus granatensis Pedro Palo 2.12, Hacienda Napoles 6.12 and La Romera 8.12. ______

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