Rotary Into East Africa
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Uneasy Entanglements Solar Energy Development in Zanzibar
Uneasy Entanglements Solar Energy Development in Zanzibar Erin Dean Abstract This article considers the entanglements revealed by the recent and rapid influx of solar technology on the archipelago of Zanzibar. Following a technical failure that left the islands without electricity for three months in 2009–10, the Zanzibari government has pursued several avenues to increase energy autonomy, including solar power. However, the future of energy independence promised by solar de- velopment is complicated by a legacy of political conflict and new relationships of dependence and inequality. Drawing on interviews with domestic energy users, gov- ernment officials, state engineers and NGO activists, and situated within the unique post-revolutionary context of Zanzibar, this article explores how solar innovations and investments contribute to the reimagining of social, economic and political entanglements while simultaneously reproducing persistent discourses of hierarchy, inclusion and exclusion. Keywords: development, electricity, entanglement, inequality, solar, Zanzibar The semi-autonomous archipelago of Zanzibar has experienced an intense period of energy development over the last ten years. Following an infrastructural crisis in 2009 that left the islands without power for a difficult three months, domestic policy makers, international donors and foreign corporations alike have poured resources into attempts to strengthen Zanzibari energy security. For Zanzibari government officials, these efforts have focused on harnessing the archipelago’s ‘in- digenous resources’. While these initiatives include accessing prospective offshore oil and gas reserves, there have been notable investigations and investments into alternative energy development, particularly solar electricity, leading Zanzibar’s Energy Department to propose an ambitious target of 30 per cent renewable energy consumption by 2030. -
In the Streets of Zanzibar
Royal Institute of Technology ISSN 1651-0194 Division of Urban Studies ISRN KTH/INFRA/EX--04/033--SE Department of Infrastructure Master’s Thesis IN THE STREETS OF ZANZIBAR – CONSTRUCTIONS OF GENDER AND PLACE A Minor Field Study by Ulrika Gunnarsson and Emma Johansson Stockholm 2004 I II This study has been carried out within the framework of the Minor Field Studies Scholarship Programme, MFS, which is funded by the Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency, Sida. The MFS Scholarship Programme offers Swedish university students an opportunity to carry out two months of field work in a Third World country. The results of the work are presented in a report at the Master’s degree level, usually the student’s final degree project. Minor Field Studies are primarily conducted within subject areas that are important from a development perspective and in countries supported by Swedish international development assistance. The main purpose of the MFS Programme is to enhance Swedish university students’ knowledge and understanding of these countries and their problems and opportunities. An MFS should provide the student with initial experience of conditions in such a country. A further purpose is to widen the Swedish human resources cadre for engagement in international cooperation. The International Office at the Royal Institute of Technology, KTH, Stockholm, administers the MFS Programme for the faculties of engineering and natural sciences in Sweden. Sigrun Santesson Programme Officer MFS Programmen Address: KTH, MFS, SE-100 44 Stockholm Visiting address: KTH, International Office, Lindstedtsvägen 5, Stockholm, Sweden Telephone: +46 (0)8 790 60 66 Fax: +46 (0)8 790 81 92 Internet: http://www.kth.se/student/utlandsstudier/examensarbete/mfs.html E-mail: [email protected] III I V ABSTRACT This thesis studies the access and use of public spaces from a gender perspective, with Zanzibar Stone Town as a case study. -
REPORT on the JOINT UNESCO/ICOMOS/ICCROM REACTIVE MONITORING MISSION to STONE TOWN of ZANZIBAR (United Republic of Tanzania) 29 OCTOBER - 3 NOVEMBER 2014
REPORT ON THE JOINT UNESCO/ICOMOS/ICCROM REACTIVE MONITORING MISSION TO STONE TOWN OF ZANZIBAR (United Republic of Tanzania) 29 OCTOBER - 3 NOVEMBER 2014 TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. BACKGROUND TO THE MISSION 1 1.1. INSCRIPTION HISTORY 1 1.2. INSCRIPTION CRITERIA AND STATEMENT OF OUTSTANDING UNIVERSAL VALUE 1 1.3. AUTHENTICITY ISSUES RAISED IN THE ICOMOS EVALUATION REPORT AT THE TIME OF THE INSCRIPTION 5 1.4. EXAMINATION OF THE STATE OF CONSERVATION BY THE WORLD HERITAGE COMMITTEE AND ITS BUREAU 5 1.5. JUSTIFICATION OF THE MISSION 12 2. NATIONAL POLICY FOR THE PRESERVATION AND MANAGEMENT OF THE WORLD HERITAGE PROPERTY 13 2.1. HERITAGE LEGISLATION 13 2.2. INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK 13 2.3. MANAGEMENT STRUCTURE 16 3. IDENTIFICATION AND ASSESSMENT OF ISSUES / THREATS 18 3.1. MANAGEMENT EFFECTIVENESS 18 3.2. THE MAMBO MSIIGE PROJECT. 24 3.3. OTHER DEVELOPMENT PROJECTS 32 3.4. POSITIVE OR NEGATIVE DEVELOPMENTS IN THE CONSERVATION OF THE PROPERTY SINCE THE LAST REPORT TO THE WORLD HERITAGE COMMITTEE 34 3.5. FINDINGS AND OBSERVATIONS 37 4. ASSESSMENT OF THE STATE OF CONSERVATION OF THE PROPERTY 38 4.1. REVIEW OF THE MAINTENANCE OF CONDITIONS AND INTEGRITY OF THE ATTRIBUTES THAT CONTRIBUTE TO THE OUTSTANDING UNIVERSAL VALUE OF THE PROPERTY 38 4.2. REVIEW ANY FOLLOW-UP MEASURES TO PREVIOUS DECISIONS OF THE WORLD HERITAGE COMMITTEE ON THE STATE OF CONSERVATION OF THE PROPERTY AND MEASURES WHICH THE STATE PARTY PLANS TO TAKE TO PROTECT THE OUTSTANDING UNIVERSAL VALUE OF THE PROPERTY 45 5. CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS 47 5.1. SUMMARY OF FINDINGS 47 5.2. -
Political Succession in East Africa - in Search for a Limited Leadership
Peter and Kopsieker: Political Succession in East Africa - In Search for a Limited Leadership POLITICAL SUCCESSION IN EAST AFRICA: In Search for a Limited Leadership Edited by Chris Maina Peter And Fritz Kopsieker Kituo Cha Katiba And Friedrich Ebert Sti�ung, Kenya Office May, 2006 i Peter and Kopsieker: Political Succession in East Africa - In Search for a Limited Leadership Published by Friedrich Ebert Sti�ung, Kenya Office P.O. Box 59947 - 00200 Nairobi, Kenya Tel: 254-20-3748338/9, 3752055/6 E-mail: [email protected] H�p://kenya.fes-international.de KITUO CHA KATIBA P. O. Box 3277 Plot 7, Estate Link Road, Bukoto (Off Lugogo By-Pass) Kampala, Uganda Tel: +256-41-533295 Fax: +256-41-541028 Email: [email protected] URL: h�p://www.kituochakatiba.co.ug c Friedrich Ebert Sti�ung, Kenya Office c Kituo Cha Katiba May, 2006 ISBN: 9966-957-05-7 Design and Layout by Oakland Media Services Ltd. P.O. Box 56919 - 00200 Nairobi, Kenya Tel: 254-20-4441319, 4445068 E-mail: [email protected] ii Peter and Kopsieker: Political Succession in East Africa - In Search for a Limited Leadership Dedicated to All those who fight for and cherish limited political leadership iii Peter and Kopsieker: Political Succession in East Africa - In Search for a Limited Leadership iv Peter and Kopsieker: Political Succession in East Africa - In Search for a Limited Leadership Contents Acknowledgements vii Notes on Contributors and Editors viii Table of Cases xi Table of Statutes xii Abbreviations xiii Glossary xv CHAPTER ONE: 1 Political Succession in East Africa Hon.