AUTUMN 1997 ISSUE No. 70

Journal of the International Map Collectors' Society

AUTUMN 1997 ISSUE No. 70

CONTENTS

From the Editor's Desk 4 A ward for Francis Herbert 33 Cassell and Company 7 Warburg Lectures 1997-98 34 H. Berghaus & A. Petermann 19 IMCoS Meeting in June, 1997 35 Letters to the Editor 28 Report on the Valuation Desk 35 Where is this Mosaic? 29 IMCoS-Helen Wallis Award for 1997 37 Mercator Atlas acquired by BL 30 Book Reviews 43 International News & Events 31 List of Advertisers 46

Cover map: Detail from 'Hungariae Descriptio' by Wolfgang Lazius, from Abraham Ortelius: Theatrum Orbis Terrarum, 1570 (Courtesy of Laszl6 Gr6f). Copy and other material for our next issue (Winter) should be submitted by 1 November 1997. All items for editorial use should be sent to The Editor, Susan Gole, 3 Aylesbury Road, Wing, Leighton Buzzard LU7 OPD. Tel: 01296 681 071. Fax: 01296 682 671.

For Advertising, contact the Journal Advertising Manager, Derek Allen, 25 St Margaret's Road, London SE4 1YL. Tel: 0181-469 3932.

Chairman & Membership Secretary: Jenny Harvey, 27 Landford Road, Putney, London SW15 lAQ. Tel: 0181-789 7358. Fax: 0181-788 7819 Vice-Chairman: Valerie Scott, 48 High Street, Tring, Herts HP23 5BH. Tel: 01442-824 977 Gen. Secretary: W.H.S. Pearce, 29 Mount Ephraim Road, Streatham, London SW16 1NQ. Tel: 0181-769 5041. Fax: 0181-677 5417 Treasurer: Dr Cyrus Ala'i, 1 Golders Park Close, West Heath Avenue, London NW11 7QR. Publicity Officer: Yasha Beresiner, 43 Templars Crescent, London N3 3QR. Tel: 0181-349 2207. Fax: 0181-346-9539 Int. Development Officer: Caroline Batchelor, Pikes, The Ridgeway, Oxshott, Leatherhead, Surrey KT22 OLG. Tel: 01372- 843 425 Int. Secretary: Dr Robert Clancy, 11 High Street, Newcastle, NSW 2300, Australia. Fax: 61-49-252-169 ©All signed articles are the copyright of the author, and must not be reproduced without the written consent of the author. Whilst every care is taken in compiling this journal the Society cannot accept any responsibility for the accuracy of the information included herein.

3 From the Editor's Desk

In the last issue, I asked members for their colour, and neither of the two articles that views on how our Journal should develop. were received depend on maps for their There have been verbal suggestions that elucidation. Most of the photographs are we should double the height, use colour taken by our indefatigable photographer for both maps and advertisements, include David Webb on IMCoS functions, and we auction prices, keep space for classified see more people than maps. But as editor advertisements (see below about this), of what I like to call our 'Society News­ and a few more. I have been disappointed letter', and not a commercial publication, by the small response (perhaps everyone I reproduce what comes in. is happy with what we already have). I Many of us miss The Map Collector, quote from two letters, and I am most and hopes have been expressed that our grateful to the writers: Journal might expand in its place. The 'Personally, I'd like to see the trend diversity and new initiatives of Mercator's continue without sudden changes in direc­ World are welcome, and there is room tion. As useful material increases, growth among map collectors for any amount of to six issues a year would be nice, es­ information related to our subject. pecially for topical material which would Our hard-working (and globe-trot­ then be more timely. Moving away from ting) International Secretary has written to the stapled assembly would make the International Representatives about an Journal more professional and elegant in idea he put forward at the Int. Rep. meet­ appearance and easier to store - perhaps ing during the London Map Fair. This was such a change would stave off doubling that IMCoS should sponsor regional the page size. Colour does not seem IMCoS societies 'to enhance the interna­ necessary.' tional link, but with no financial or legal Another reply included the following: obligation on IMCoS for the group'. How­ 'As to the IMCoS Journal, I think it ever, some of our Int. Reps are already might help if you begin with one colour gathering together like-minded people in page and a little bigger format, not thicker. their respective countries for informal Then if it will attract more collectors, and meetings, and do not require any formally you will be able to ask a little more for the established group under an IMCoS um­ subscription. Ads will follow.' brella to do so. In other countries, national So here are views from two of our or regional map collecting societies have members, almost opposite in their sugges­ been formed as part of the organisation of tions. In the meantime, as you can see, the an IMCoS international symposium. Else­ Journal has come out once more in almost where, there are already thriving map so­ indistinguishable guise from earlier cieties which have their own newsletter or Autumn issues. The number of pages is journal, and we have been able to link up back to normal, no advertiser has offered with them for our symposia. Our very to pay more to have his advertisement in successful meeting in San Francisco was

4 organised by the Map Society of Califor­ in the hope that they would be replaced by nia, and in Japan next year all the arrange­ half or quarter page ads (they weren' t!), ments are being planned by the newly and instead members were offered 'space formed 'Antique Map Society of Japan'. to advertise maps they wish to sell, or So, after discussing this proposal in the those they are searching for . . . limited to executive committee, there appears at 50 words', which are free (No. 53, Sum­ present little requirement for a change in mer 1993). I am still waiting for members the constitution of IMCoS. We welcome to send in their wants. all activity connected with the preserva­ A good weekend is being planned for tion of early maps, their study, the spread next summer, here in UK. Vice-Chairman of knowledge about them, and now with Valerie Scott is organising a visit to Ox­ our new series of Occasional Papers, how ford. Highlight of the day will be a morn­ to select and look after them. ing spent browsing through some of the IMCoS is the only international so­ priceless collection of maps and atlases of ciety devoted to early maps, we have the Bodleian Library. The afternoon will members in over fifty countries, thirty­ be devoted to two illustrated talks on early nine dealers from nine different countries map themes by leading speakers. A well­ brought their maps to the 17th IMCoS known map gallery in Oxford will hold International Map Fair last June, and at open house to all participants, with a feast each of our meetings we welcome friends for the eyes, refreshment for the body, and from many parts of the world, some of stimulation for the brain. whom manage to attend only rarely, The weekend will begin with the An­ others who make it a point to come every nual Dinner at the Royal Overseas League, year. We are truly a very wide group, with StJames. 1bis will be held on the evening very varied interests in the map-collecting of Friday 12th June. Saturday will be field, widely differing aims in our collect­ devoted to the treats promised in Oxford. ing, and widely differing purses with The Map Fair will return to its usual day of which to pursue those aims. But the single the week, Sunday, at the same venue as this most commonly expressed opinion (that I year, the Bloomsbury Forte Crest Hotel in have heard, anyway) is what a friendly Coram Street It is all one week earlier than group of people we are, and what a good it was this year, since the Antiquarian Book time we have whenever we get together. Association has brought its big fair forward; To return now to the Journal, and the we try and keep in line with them, and also classified advertisements. The Map Col­ with the book fairs in the Russell Hotel and lector used to offer so many column cen­ elsewhere. timetres in the 'Market Place' to its I look forward to seeing many mem­ regular advertisers, according to the size bers in Budapest. We expect well over a of their advertisement. IMCoS advertis­ hundred participants, and for most of us it ing rates are already very low. There used will be a new experience. Not only will we to be a couple oftrade classified advertise­ see interesting maps, we can even learn ments, unchanging from year to year. how they were made in times gone by. Some time ago, these were discontinued, And make new friends, and greet old ones.

5 Jonathan Potter Jonathan Potter buys and sells fine, rare, decorative and interesting Antique Maps

TELEPHONE0171-491 3520 125 NEW BOND STREET· LONDON Wl Y 9AF

RICHARD B. ARKWAY, INC. ~ specialists irt Ear~ & Rare Maps, Atlases, Globes & Related Books ~

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The founder of Cassell & Co. was John pressly for working men'. Cassell, the son of a Manchester publi­ In May 1851 , Cassell made his first can.' After minimal education, John foray into cartographic publication with served an apprenticeship as ajoiner.2 The The London Conductor, a guide for visi­ most potent influence on him in his late tors to the Great Exhibition containing teenage years was the temperance move­ 'Wyld's New Plan of London'. Later, in ment, born in Lancashire in the early 1862, Cassells would advertise its 'large 1830s. John took up the cause of tem­ and well-engraved Map of London' as a perance with great zeal, lecturing guide for visitors to the 'Great Interna­ throughout the country. 'Thinking that tional Exhibition'.6 The Illustrated Ex­ London would afford a wider field for hibitor, started by Cassell as a cheap temperance missionary labours and that record of the Great Exhibition, drew him his daily bread, as an artizan, might be increasingly into the production of illus­ more easily earned, he left Manchester trated works, eventually becoming a and arrived in the Metropolis in October, weekly magazine of art. Although Cassell 1836.' 3 closed both The Teetotal Times and The John's enthusiasm for temperance led Standard of Freedom in 1851, his inten­ him into business ventures such as the tion remained to provide the serious work­ promotion of tea and coffee in which he ing-class reader with cheap but serious proved himself a talented entrepreneur. material calculated to advance moral and He also established an agency for the sale social well-being. of 'Worsdell's Vegetable Restorative Cassell's business expanded and en­ Pills, which produce free circulation and joyed increasing prosperity while mana­ restore health.' His first connection with ging to champion such causes as artisan publishing was the production of The enfranchisement, improvement of condi­ Teetotal Times4 in 1846. Within months of tion of colonial emigration, relief of Irish its launch, Cassell also began to finance distress, and abolition of slavery in the publication of a series of penny and United States. Improving works were threepenny tracts. The first work to be published in cheap weekly numbers or specifically 'published by John Cassell' monthly parts and sold door-to-door. was the radical weekly newspaper The Some also appeared in quarterly sections, Standard of Freedom whose appearance half-yearly divisions and annual volumes. on 1st. July 1848 marked the foundation A successful parts' issue was generally of the Cassell publishing business. Cassell followed by two or more book issues of was rapidly drifting into publishing with the same material, varying in paper, bind­ his temperance monthly, radical weekly, ing and price. As sales expanded, so the almanacs and tracts. 5 He began publishing firm aimed at an ever wider market. Cas­ books in May 1850 when the first part of sell's three most important publications 'John Cassell's Library' appeared, 'ex- were The Illustrated Magazine of Art,

7 J.A.L.FRANKS & CO., 7, NEW OXFORD ST., LONDON WC1A 1BA

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We stock maps of all parts of the world from the 16th to the 19th centuries, specialising in small, early maps. We exhibit at the Bonnington Map Fairs.

N.Wales - Blome, 1673, 45cms x 34cms; has a ship & 7 coloured cartouches;strengthened on reverse. £140 North Sea - Van Keulen, 1680, 59cms x 51cms; decorative with 2 very fine cartouches. £320 Netherlands - Du Val, c1680, 10cms x 12cms; in old outline colour & with uncoloured cartouche. £20 Languedoc - Sanson, 1670, 41cms x 54cms; a map of the larger area; old outline colour. £70 Lower Saxony- Seutter, c1740, 25cms x 20cms; in old colour; folded with original (damaged) wallet. £50 Galicia - Bertius, 1618, 14cms x 10cms; 2 ornate cartouches. £45 Sabac - Schonsperger, 1496, 14cms x 9cms. Coloured; Serbian town view after Schedel. £90 Corfu - Ortelius, 1601, 11cms x 7cms; coloured. £48 Kithira - Camocio, c1574, 15cms x 21cms; cartouche, ship & compass rose. £180 Black Sea- Bellin, 1772, 82cms x 54cms; coloured with a compass rose. £100 Jerusalem - Mallet, 1683, 10cms x 14cms; a "modern" view of the city; coloured. £65 Persia - Gastaldi, 1548, 17cms x 13cms; from Ptolemys "Geografia"; includes island of "Baharam". £100 N.W.Africa- Vander Aa, 1713, 23cms x 15cms; coloured with a decorative cartouche. £65 New Guinea & Solomon Is - Bertius, 1609, 12cms x 8cms; from the Langenes plate; coloured. £100 Puerto Rico - Porcacchi, 1686, 14cms x 10cms; a late edition from worn plates; scarce. £75 which succeeded The Illustrated Exhibi­ prosperous printing partnership between tor, 'representing culture for the little cul­ Petter & Galpin began in 1852, specializ­ tured', The Popular Educator, and ing in printing magazines such as the Cassell's Illustrated Family Paper. How­ Field. The partnership expanded through ever, the bubble of success and prosperity acquisition of Cassell's business in 1855. was suddenly burst when loans, upon Cassell's stock and copyrights were sold, which the finances of Cassells' publishing with an option to repurchase, toW. Kent business were constructed, were unexpec­ & Co., 8 but Petter & Galpin kept his plant tedly and disastrously called in causing its and in due course occupied his premises collapse. in La Belle Sauvage Yard. They first be­ In June 1855 the local printers Petter came involved in publishing in May 1858 & Galpin took over Cassell's business when they repurchased the rights to Cas­ although Cassell's name was still of suf­ sell's publications from Kents and began ficient marketability to remain in use. publishing them under their own imprint. Cassell entered into a publishing partner­ Later in the same year, the subsidiary part­ ship with Petter & Galpin in 1858, but nership of Cassell, Petter & Galpin was despite becoming the senior partner he created by establishing a separate publish­ had only a small financial stake in the ing firm with John Cassell as a partner. publishing business and none at all in the However, Cassell was never to play a printing business which remained as Pet­ large part in policy making, with Petter ter and Galpin. In fact, publishing became controlling editorial policy and Galpin less and less of an interest to Cassell, management. Between 1858 and 1888 the particularly after a trip to America in 1859 firm experienced enormous expansion, when he set up, in about 1862, the first gradually shifting the emphasis of produc­ English firm for petroleum manufacture. tion from improving works to purely rec­ John's exertions in the oil business ruined reational material which provided the his health, eventually killing him in 1865 public with what it wanted to read rather at the age of only 48. His wife was left as than what it ought to study. This change a major shareholder in one of the of direction finally forced the pious Petter country's largest book manufacturing to resign from active work in 1883 al­ firms.7 though he remained as a director until his After serving part of an apprentice­ death in 1888. Prosperity was built on the ship as a draper in Barnstaple, George publication of three main types of ma­ William Petter moved to London, enter­ terial: reprints and revisions of old educa­ ing into partnership in 1848 with his tional parts' issues; new religious works; cousin George Edward Petter, a booksel­ and lavishly illustrated literary classics. ler in Cheapside, and Charles Duff in the Cassells skilfully exploited the age of printing firm of Petter, Duff & Co. When cheap, wood-engraved picture books that this association proved abortive, he emerged in the 1860s by launching a pro­ teamed up with Thomas Dixon Galpin gramme of cheap, secular classics9 which who had come to London c.1851 from opened up markets not reached by the Dorset via service at sea. The perpetually more expensive picture-books of rival

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A1ercator's World, FREEPOST, Kynnersley, Shropshire TF6 6ZA Tel:+44 (0) 1952 677143 Fax:+44 (0) 1952 677961 email- RichardLau·[email protected] cu.uk L------~ publishers. This market was then tapped operator. However, 1888 represented the by such enormously popular parts' illus­ highpoint of the firm's nineteenth-century trated works as Cassells' Family Bible, development and, henceforth, falling Popular Natural History, Family Prayer profits ushered in a 20-year period of de­ Book, and Illustrated Bible Dictionary. cline. A new and increasingly important In 1889 the Atlas Publishing Co. was element of Cassells' production from established, with Cassells holding the 1863 was the publication of topographical controlling interest, with the objective of and cartographical material. The firm's producing an English edition of Andrees topographical output was advanced par­ Allgemeiner Handatlas which was con­ ticularly by John Williams who initiated sidered to be the most accurate and com­ and supervised many long series of illus­ prehensive atlas ever produced. The trated parts' issues. 10 Similarly, from the English edition was published in 1891-3 later 1860s the publication of educational in 28 folio parts as the Universal Atlas. material for schools grew to be of very However, this atlas was not successful and great importance and by 1870 the firm not the Atlas Publishing Co. was barely only offered a comprehensive list of scho­ profitable for only a few years, being lastic works but also sold all sorts of educ­ eventually liquidated at the beginning of tional accessories. The drive to supply a the twentieth century. For Cassells the mass market did much to bring down pro­ project represented a substantial capital duction costs and, thus, extend demand. loss. In the event, though, the quality of Cassells' sales increased so spectacularly this work did in due course receive the that prices tumbled down; the prices of recognition it deserved for it was partially maps which had been originally published revised to create the highly successful by the Weekly Dispatch newspaper, for Times Atlas (1895-6) although there was instance, were cut by up to two-thirds of no indication of the origin of its contents. their original price. However, despite this The purchase in 1863 of the stock and concentration on cheapness and mass plates of the maps first issued by the sales, the quality of Cassells' productions Weekly Dispatch newspaper was the cru­ was, nevertheless, sufficient for its 'edu­ cial first step which took Cassells into cational and other publications' to be extensive cartographic publishing. 11 Cas­ awarded a prize medal at the International sells purchased the Dispatch plates and Exhibition of 1862. stock in order to issue them with Cassells By 1888 the firm had grown to such Illustrated Family Paper which began life an extent that it employed nearly 1,200 in 1853 as a penny weekly, was immedi­ workers, more than half in a vast new ately successful, and ran continuously printing works constructed in the 1870s at under various titles until 1932. The maps the back of La Belle Sauvage Yard. By the were issued weekly as loose sheets with early 1890s the new printing works was the Family Paper, beginning on 12th Sep­ considered to be the largest of its kind tember 1863 with the 9-sheet map of Lon­ anywhere in a world in which Cassells don, at a penny for single sheets and was steadily becoming an international twopence for double sheets. Cassell, Pet- 11 Fine Antique Maps, Atlases & Globes

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Email: [email protected] PHONE +31 (40) 2853571 FAX +31 (40) 2854075 ter & Galpin's advertising for this added Cassell's Colonial Atlas and Cassell's attraction to the Paper emphasised that Emigrants' Atlas would have been essen­ the chance to purchase these maps was a tial companions to such works as Cas­ great opportunity for its readers. It cer­ sell's Emigrants' Handbook and Guide to tainly was a remarkable opportunity in the Goldfields ofAustral ia which the firm terms of the cost of the maps for the large produced to promote emigration and safe­ circulation of the Paper made it possible guard emigrants. to reduce prices dramatically below those In particular, much mileage was ob­ charged by the Dispatch. tained from the Dispatch' s British maps Cassell, Petter & Galpin realised the which: were sold separately from the time enormous potential for multiple publi­ they were acquired; were issued in parts cation offered by cheap lithographic between c.1863 and c.1867; and were transfer techniques. Hence, 'out of this eventually unified as Cassell 's British purchase . . . were born in the next decade Atlas (c.1867-8). The railway maps were Cassell's Folio Atlases, Cassell's Pocket even available separately as 'Cassell's Maps, Cassell's Tourist Guides, and in Railway Atlas', presumably to accom­ course of time . . . the atlas that in the pany the railway guides and timetables 'nineties was to help save The Times from which Cassells published in increasing threatened bankruptcy'. 12 Indeed, revised numbers from 1864. maps were quickly issued in 19 monthly The English county maps were adver­ parts of six coloured sheets each from tised as early as c.1863 as 'Cassell's Folio February 1864 to August 1865, with five County Atlas' but seem never to have supplementary parts published from Sep­ been issued bound together in the adver­ tember 1866 to January 1867, advertised tised format. This is, perhaps, also the case as 'Cassell's Universal Atlas'. The maps with other atlases advertised by the firm. also appeared as Cassell's Complete Atlas They were, however, issued separately from c.1863. As soon as the first parts' folding from 1863. The wide availability issue of the world maps had been com­ of 'Cassell's County Maps for Road and pleted, a selected issue commenced in Rail', in their appealing yellow, red and September 1865. In due course the parts' black covers illustrating walkers and rail­ issue was brought together c.1868 as Cas­ way travellers, at bookstalls and railway sell's General Atlas. In selecting maps for stations throughout the country at only the General Atlas, Cassells paid particular fourpence each did much to attract a much attention to developing areas and were at wider market and popularise maps for the pains to bring maps up to date. growing recreations of rambling, cycling The Dispatch's stock and plates pro­ and rail travel. It was also intended to use vided many other opportunities for ex­ the county maps c.1865 to illustrate a ploitation. Relevant maps were used to series of topographical guides. However, create Cassell's Oriental Atlas, Cassell's this project uncharacteristically ended al­ Indian Atlas, and 'Cassells's Special Atlas most before it had started with hardly any of the Seat of War; comprising copious guides published, despite favourable early Maps of Europe, Prussia, Austria, etc.' reaction. After this intensive use the Eng-

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'Dealers. Appraisers, Consultants q Esl£lhlished 1957 4rMember A/Vvf,IILAB lish maps from the Dispatch Atlas went on lar, Cassell's Publishing Office. The Dis­ to enjoy a new lease of very long life in patch's material also provided 'Cassell's variously titled atlases and series publish­ Map of the Environs ofLondon' (c.1863) ed by George Washington Bacon between on eight sheets at one inch to the mile. 1869 and 1907. 13 Cassells did very well out of the print­ During the following decades Cas­ ing of a London plan for the neighbouring sells published many more atlases such as firm of Samuel Brothers for 40,000 copies Cassell's Popular Atlas (1890). Some were required. London maps and plans were the result of associations with the also accompanied Cassell's topographical giants of map production. Bartholomews, publications and were given free as an for example, prepared the maps for Cas­ inducement to subscription. 'Bacon' s sell's Atlas of the World (1909) and Cas­ New Large Map of London' (c.1876), for sell's Gazetteer of Great Britain and example, was acquired to illustrate Cas­ Ireland (1893-98) was produced in colla­ sells' Old and New London (c.1876) and boration with W. & A.K. Johnston 14 for a map of Greater London, printed by Ed­ serial publication. ward Stanford, was presented with Part I Cassells incorporated many town of its Greater London (1878). plans and environs' maps into their at­ In keeping with its policy of publish­ lases, guide books and series, starting with ing cheap educational material, Cassells those acquired among the Dispatch stock also entered the field of textbook and and plates. Often these were up-dated, as workbook publication for schools.17 Cas­ in the case of the considerable expense of sell's Home and School Geography Atlas revising their nine-sheet 'Great Map of appeared as early as 1855. The firm began London' .15 For the 'New Edition' of this publishing a series of 'County Geo­ 'Immense Map of London' in 1866, 'a graphies' by Professor D.T. Ansted for new and special survey' was made by schools c.1872, but only a few counties John Dower in order to correct the plan 'up were covered. More successful were pub­ to the present date at very great cost'. lications appearing later when educa­ Apparently 'the improvements and alter­ tional demand had greatly expanded. ations' numbered 'upwards of Two Thou­ 'Cassell's Map Building Series', for sand, including about 900 New Street example, appeared c.1890 and J.H. Over­ Names'. The firm's advertisements ton's Practical Method ofTeaching Geo­ claimed that its map was not only the graphy ( 1898) provided outline maps for hrrgest but also that all agreed that it was tracing. Still exploiting every marketable 'the Best Map of London ever produced'. angle, Cassells also offered a supplemen­ A pocket index map (1866) to 'Cassell's tary 'Tracing Book( .. . of specially pre­ Immense Map', drawn and engraved by pared tracing paper)'. Dower, was prsented free to purchasers of The firm that John Cassell created is No. 84 of the Family Paper. 16 Dower also typical of those Victorian publishers that revised the Dispatch's map of 'The popularised maps and made them more "Landmarks" of London' for issue in Cas­ widely available. Cassells did not com­ sell's British Atlas, picking out, in particu- mission original surveys or publish path-

15 ~~ublishers and ~ et~ sujJpliers of books l tf • I» lil about ear{v nzaps ll'.lAf CoLLECTOR Send for our pmuCATIONS latest booklist today ·1·h is i ncluJcs hooks Cont~Kt: Valerie Scott or fv1ary Baldwin ~1ap Collector Publications Ltd 48 High Street Tl·ing, Hcrts HP2J 5BH UK Tel: (O) 1442 824977 Fax: (0)1442 827712

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13cginn~rs & E~1ablishcd Collcclors Welcome Wahlenstr. 6 93047 Regensburg · ., . ROBERT ROSS . Germany . P.O.·Dox 8362 · . . . Calabasas~CA 91372 USA _. ·· ·.•. ;. ': . . Tel & F~x (iUS) 348-7867. Phone & Fax: email: [email protected] llllp://w\vwJtb:ta.hEngland from the 3. Curwen, H. : A History of Booksellers ( 1873). Landing ofJulius Caesar to the Present Day, for 4. The Teetotal Times : or, Monthly Temperance example, sold 50,000 copies. Messenger, 'published for the Proprietor by Wil­ 18 . For details, see: Smith, D.: 'The business of the liam Brittain' from 2nd March 1846. Bartholomew family firm, c.1826-1919' (forth­ 5. The penny weekly magazine The Working Man's corning; and, Smith, D.: 'The cartography of the Friend and the threepenny monthly The Free­ Bartholomew family firm, c.1826-1919' (forth­ holder were both launched in January 1850. corning). 6. So that 'even though entire strangers' they could 'find their way in every part of London'. DAVID SMITH 7. Reputedly John's wife inherited £42,000 worth of shares. By the time of John's death, the firm he had founded employed some 500 workers to print Note from the Editor: I am grateful to David 655,000 sheets for its parts' issues per week using Smith for keeping me supplied with articles. His 1,31 0 reams of paper. interests lie clearly in a later period than that 8. The magazine distributors who were eventually to which attracts many of our members. His re­ join with Simpkin, Marshall & Co. See: Smith, search, however, is detailed and thorough. D: 'John Heywood and others' (International Map Collectors' Society Journal, 69, 1997). When he deals with publishers who published 9. Such as Bunyan, Defoe and Shakespeare. maps of many parts of the world, he touches on 10. Including Thornbury and Walford's Old and the geographical area of interest to almost all of New London ( 1872-8) with its reproductions of us in some way. sections of earlier maps, and its successors on If any member feels that David's interests Edinburgh and Paris, and Picturesque Europe are too localised, and only of interest to British (1876-9). members, then I hope they will send me some­ 11 . These notably clear and detailed maps and plans thing relating to their own part of the world, or had originally been drawn and engraved by Ben­ jamin Rees Davies, T. Ettling, John Dower, J.W. their preferred century of map-making. This Lowry and Edward Weller for issue as supple­ would encourage more members to express ments to the Weekly Dispatch between 1852 and their interests and share their knowledge with a 1862. They were later sold by mail order and wider readership. brought together in the Dispatch Atlas containing

17 RODERICK M. BARRON Antique Map Specialist

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Rare & Decorative Antique Maps, Atlases & Globes Specialist Dealer in items relating to South East Asia & the Far East

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Private appraisals undertaken & trade offers welcome We are always interested in purchasing new material for stock including: Fine early maps of the World, Americas, Asia & the Far East Early World and Maritime Atlases 18th .. 19th Century Table & Pocket globes Two Cartographers who made Mapping History in Gotha: Heinrich Berghaus and August Petermann

This year is the 200th anniversary of the generation professionals with appropriate birth of Heinrich Berghaus and the 175th technical training. The subjects taught at anniversary of his pupil, August Petermann. the Royal Building Academy in Berlin These two cartographic personalities, included surveying, levelling and map­ teacher and pupil, were so closely connected making. From 1821 to 1854 Berghaus was professionally that it seems fitting to con­ professor of applied mathematics there sider them both in the same article. and, in 1830, as professor at the 'General Heinrich Berghaus was born in Kleve Building School', he began teaching 'ad­ (Cleves) on 3 May 1797. After geodetic vanced geodesy'. In 1826 the philosophi­ training as an engineer-geographer in the cal faculty of the University of Breslau service of the French (1811-13) and studies awarded him retrospectively the title of D. in Marburg ( 1814--15) and Berlin, he in­ Phil., and in 1828 he became a founder­ itially found a job with the Prussian Land member of the Berlin-based 'Society for Survey Office. He was a friend of Alexander Geography' , which was headed by Hum­ von Humboldt, and became director of a boldt' s pupil, Carl Ritter. On the side he 'geographical school of art' in Potsdam. worked on maps for the Geographical In­ Between 1816 and 1828, Berghaus was stitute in Weimar, for S. Schropp & Co., among those who worked on G.B. Rey­ and for Georg Reimer of Berlin. 1829 was mann' s map of Germany. Even before com­ pleting his studies he joined the Prussian Land Survey Office, and was involved in its extensive operations until 1821. While he was still a 'French' engin­ eer-geographer, the young Berghaus ap­ plied to Friedrich Justin Bertuch in Weimar for a job as a draughtsman in the latter's Geographical Institute. For this enterprise, for which drawings were also made by Adolf Stieler from Gotha, Berg­ haus prepared several cartographic works and set up at his parents' home in Munster a depot for sales of the Weimar maps. Around this time the well educated but practical minded Pruss ian bourgeoisie were increasingly seeking to establish higher professional colleges with the aim of ensuring a suitable supply of next- Heinrich Berghaus 19 to be a most important year: the start of his Having seen an advertisement by collaboration with the Justus Perthes pub­ Heinrich Berghaus in the 'General Prus­ lishing house founded in 1785 in Gotha. sian Newspaper' about the admission of The first links with Gotha go back as gifted young people to his school of art, far as 1812, with the execution of a manu­ August Petermann was interested in em­ script map of the 'Lippe Department' for barking on this course of study. His impe­ the French. For this Berghaus used the cunious father, unable to give him any position data triangulated by Lecoq in his financial support, addressed a request for map of Westphalia, which he took from assistance to the government in Erfurt Franz Xaver von Sach' s 'Monthly Corre­ (which at that time was Prussian). Hearing spondence' in Gotha. of this, Heinrich Berghaus generously When Berghaus first entered into an made it possible for Petermann to attend exchange of ideas with Wilhelm Perthes and the school free of charge. Adolf Stieler, the subject under discussion On 7 April 1839 August Petermann was the publication of a thematic atlas to started his training in Potsdam and was at supplement Alexander von Humboldt's the same time welcomed into the Ber­ 'Physical Description of the World' ghaus family as a 'foster-son' for the next (Cosmos). But Berghaus's first work for five years. At the time Heinrich Berghaus Perthes was devoted to a 'Large Atlas of the was married to his first wife, a Baroness Continents outside Europe' (Part I: Atlas von Maltitz from the entourage of the of Asia) ( 1832-48). The atlas involved an Counts of Piickler in Muskau. inordinate amount of time and money and Right from the start, however, Peter- was therefore never finished, but it re­ sulted in international fame for the pub­ lishing house and its editor. The most thorough and wide-ranging achievement of early thematic mapping was the series of maps which appeared under the rather imprecise title 'Physical Atlas'. Today we would probably call it an environmental atlas. Work on this project began in 1836, but did not really gain momentum until Heinrich Berghaus moved to Potsdam in October 1836 and opened his 'Geographi­ cal School of Art' there in 1839. This atlas comprised 90 sheets in the fields of cli­ mate, hydrology, geology, natural history and anthropology. And it was here that he was to meet his pupil August Petermann, who was born in Bleicherode on 18 April 1822. August Heinrich Petermann 20 mann had to devote his entire energies to main focus of the work during this period the teaching establishment, and it was in was on the 'Physical Atlas'. this way that he became involved in work­ Unlike the later revision of the ing on Berghaus' s 'Physical Atlas' 'Physical Atlas' in 1886-92 by his (Gotha, 1838-48). nephew Hermann Berghaus, who em­ In the early years, apart from August ployed a team of prominent academics, Petermann, the school had only Heinrich Heinrich Berghaus looked after the pri­ Lange (who later, in England, called him­ mary cartographic material and the edi­ self Henry Lange) and Otto Gocke as ting of his maps himself. At that time his 'pupils', though Berghaus also employed academic connections and his own collec­ the surveyor Friedrich Schelle and the tion of books and maps made it possible engraver Karl W. Kolbe as paid staff. As for him to do this. the work on the 'Physical Atlas' increased The huge success and the interna­ from 1841 onwards, Berghaus engaged tional fame which this atlas brought its two more engravers at the expense of the editor and the publishing house in Gotha Perthes publishing house. That is why led to an English edition of the carto­ some of the maps in the 'Physical Atlas' graphic work by the publisher Alexander bear the legend: 'Potsdam, prepared at the Keith Johnston in Edinburgh (The Physi­ Geographical School of Art'. cal Atlas, Edinburgh, 1848). Since the As well as the social contacts that printing of the 'Physical Atlas' in Gotha Petermann made during his time in the had not yet been completed, Johnston re­ Berghaus household, the theoretical and cruited for his version Berghaus's two practical work on the major atlas project pupils Heinrich Lange and August Peter­ was of special significance for his future mann (from 1845). career. One of these contacts was Her­ Petermann became geographical re­ mann Berghaus (1828-90) who, after porter for the London periodical Athe­ training with his uncle in Potsdam from naeum, Journal ofLiterature, Science and 1845 to 1850, joined the Justus Perthes the Fine Arts, and thus, as a member of the establishment and stayed there until his Royal Geographical Society, came into death. contact with explorers from all over the Alexander von Humboldt visited the world. In London, Petermann also started School of Art several times, enabling a family. Petermann to make his acquaintance too. His social contacts in the house of the For the latter's work 'Central Asia' (Ber­ Prussian envoy Christian Karl Josias Bun­ lin, 1844 ), he drew on the basis of drafts sen enabled Petermann to secure partici­ by Humboldt the map of 'Mountain pation by German explorers (Heinrich Ranges and Volcanoes in Central Asia Barth, Georg Overweg) in the British le­ 1: 10 000 000'. Berghaus later wrote: 'I gation expedition of 1849 to Central Af­ had the copy of the Humboldt map ex­ rica. In the course of this expedition ecuted by the most skilful of the Geo­ Heinrich Barth took over its leadership graphic School of Art's pupils at the time, and published his expedition report my foster-son August Petermann' . But the through Perthes in Gotha.

21 N & MBorg

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ADELHEIDSTRASSE 2 · D-61462 KONIGSTEIN 30 min. hom Frankfurt/Main airport Phone: 49/6174/1017 · Fax: 49/6174/1602 Petermann's reputation as a promoter mann's activities and extensive corre­ of expeditions to as yet unknown parts of spondence with a large number of travel­ the Earth brought him the job of secretary lers, explorers and foreign agencies - to the Royal Geographical Society, which travel reports, essays, manuscript maps, he had joined in 184 7. A year later he was printed maps and literature of all kinds­ actually appointed 'Physical Geographer was edited to produce articles and news and Engraver in Stone to the Queen', items. It was also used in the revision and which no doubt benefited his own small updating of the maps in the Stieler Hand­ cartographic establishment. His many and Atlas and other cartographic works pub­ various publications are documented in lished by Perthes. This monthly journal The Times, The Daily News, and the En­ took up most of Petermann's time and cyclopaedia Britannica. energy, with the result that he followed the From the early 1850s Petermann example of his teacher and skilfully maintained private and business contacts trained pupils in good time to whom he with the two Gotha publishers Wilhelm could entrust some of the work. One of the and BernhadtPerthes, and in June 1853 he most important was Bruno Hassenstein actually spent a short time in Gotha. In (1839-1902), who was made editor-in­ spite of a tempting offer he hesitated for a chief of the cartographic side of the peri­ long time before moving from London to odical. Gotha. Various factors combined to Hassenstein' s favourite region was prompt his relatively sudden decision to Africa. The academic world owes a good take up the post of head of the newly deal of thanks to him for making there­ established Geographical Institute in sults of exploration accessible to a wide Gotha on 1 August 1854. They included public in cartographic works of outstand­ financial difficulties and the end of Bun­ ing quality and paving the way for further sen's London activities in 1859. exploration. It was here that Petermann, appointed The school of cartography founded professor and honorary doctor of the by Petermann took over his style of work­ University of Gottingen by the Duke of ing in the preparation of geographical Gotha, founded the specialist journal Mit­ maps. Petermann devoted particular at­ theilungen aus Justus Perthes Geographi­ tention to relief and water systems. He scher Anstalt iiber wichtige neue introduced altitudes and depths into geo­ Eiforschungen auf dem Gesamtgebiete graphical maps. There was hardly another der Geographie von Dr. A. Petermann academic discipline that did more to, as (Reports from the Justus Perthes Geo­ Alexander von Humboldt put it, 'explore graphical Institute about important new aspects of nature in terms of its spatial exploration findings in the overall field of situations'. geography by Dr. A. Petermann). Within The multitude of tasks that the pub­ a few years its circulation had reached as lishing house had undertaken upon itself much as 4000 copies, and its readers were made it necessary to postpone a number scattered all over the world. The material of necessary renovations in spite of taking that accumulated in Gotha thanks to Peter- on more personnel and stepping up print-

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ANTIQUE MAPS, CHARTS, ATLASES, GLOBES, TOPOGRAPHICAL, MARITIME and DECORATIVE ENGRAVINGS, RELATED LITERATURE, FINE ARTS, CURIOS, CARDS and LIMITED EDITION PRINTS, RESTORATION, CONSERVATION and VALUATION.

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THE DEFINITIVE CENTRE FOR NELSON ART 5 NELSON ROAD· GREENWICH· LONDON· SE10 9JB Tel: 0181 · 858 0317 Fax: 0181 · 853 1773 ing capacity. In this regard the redesigning Famous African explorers, such as of the Stieler Hand-Atlas by Petermann, Gerhard Rohlfs who crossed North Africa Karl Vogel and Berghaus played a most for the first time, and Karl Mauch, the important part. The new concept, syste­ discoverer of the ruins of Zimbabwe, matic use of projection and scale, handy gratefully acknowledged that without size, painstaking preparation and the in­ Petermann's help they would not have clusion of accompanying texts, revol­ been able to obtain either the funds for utionised atlas production. The inclusion their expeditions or the expert advice on of a series of European maps by the topo­ the course of their travels. grapher Vogel began with a highly re­ On the basis of information from garded map of Switzerland and a Heinrich Barth, Petermann drew the first four-sheet map of Spain. plan showing the location of the fabled From about the sixth edition onwards, desert city ofTimbuktu, which the former the maps in the Stieler Hand-Atlas are by reached in 1854 after an arduous camel far the most reliable of atlas maps, being journey. For centuries this important Arab derived with meticulousness and almost trading centre had been closed to Euro­ exaggerated precision from material that peans. The travels of the African explorers was several times larger. Stieler' s Hand­ were to whet the appetites of the general Atlas was not only one of the most import­ public in the nineteenth century for the ant foundations for the cartographic journey into the colonial age. publications from Gotha for nearly a cen­ In addition to the key area of African tury and a half; it was also a model for the exploration, Petermann also devoted spe- first atlases in Finland and Poland. On the threshold of the twentieth cen­ tury, maps of the two polar regions ap­ peared in Stieler's Hand-Atlas. Although as yet untouched by human foot, the poles no longer presented any great mysteries by this time. The hypothetical end of the earth was safely defined by the network of measuring lines drawn by the carto­ graphers, which created order even where nothing existed but the proverbial white expanses of the Arctic ice masses. One of the numerous other Perthes publications was the atlas volume for the Encyclopaedia Britannica. The seat of the Thuringian court, with a population of 12,000 at that time, became a world centre of geographical research, and it was in Petermann's hands that all the threads came together. Hermann Berghaus 25 cial attention to exploration of the north­ Greenland- Waltershausen Glacier and ern polar regions. 'Without a knowledge Petermann Point. of the North Pole all geographical knowl­ Even in 1870 Petermann found cause edge remains fragmentary', admonished to complain of the 'paltry funding for Petermann in 1869, calling for a German science', which was 'still the Cinderella thrust to the Pole. But it was not the magic of the state budget'. In connection with the of the spot that interested him - what he North and South Poles, therefore, Peter­ was concerned with was the systematic mann successfully turned to industry and exploration of the entire central region. At to shipowners in Hamburg and Bremen Petermann's insistence the Gronland 'who owe their riches to the sea'. under Karl Koldewey sailed on the first None of the German geographical so­ expedition into the Arctic ice. cieties exerted anything like the attraction Petermann, like many other scholars of Perthes in Gotha. Many travellers had of the time, favoured the theoretical no­ Petermann's energy to thank for the funds tion of an 'open polar sea', in other words, for their explorations and subsequent a largely ice-free polar ocean in the inte­ fame. Two hundred and twenty-six aca­ rior. This theory was disproved by the first demic treatises are associated with Peter­ German North Pole Expedition under mann's name. After about 1875 the Karl Koldewey, and the research vessel 'Geographical Society' in Berlin gained in could not, as planned, reach the North importance to such an extent that it became Pole by sailing up the east coast of Green­ the new focus of geographical research. land. It therefore altered its route and ex­ Seeing his pre-eminent position in decline, plored parts of Spitzbergen instead. This Petermann committed suicide on 25 Sep­ explains why islands in the Himloopen tember 1878. His famous teacher Heinrich Strait, which separates western and north­ Berghaus outlived him by six years to die in ern Spitzbergen, bear names from Gotha Stettin on 17 February 1884. - Perthes Island, Berghaus Island, Behm In an obituary by his employee Ernst Island-after the Gotha publishing house Behm, Petermann was characterised as a and its staff. 'man of extraordinary will and drive, but Immediately after the return of this also of ambitious striving'. After his death, first expedition, Petermann submitted efforts were made in social and professional plans for a second German North Pole circles to secure recognition for him in the Expedition. The two ships Hansa and form of a memorial. Contributions to this Germania under the command of Frie­ were made by the Association for Geo­ drich August Hegemann and Karl Kolde­ graphy in Berlin, the Geographical Society wey set out from Bremerhaven in 1869. of Bremerhaven and many private individ­ The Germania spent the winter at Sabine uals, such as Count Hans Wilczek of Island, and from there the crew explored Vienna, who had already given financial the east coast of Greenland with boats and assistance to the Austrian North Pole Ex­ sledges in 1870. Again, names from 'back pedition of 1872-74. On 25 September home' provide a reminder of the surveys 1908, the thirtieth anniversary of Peter­ and explorations of this expedition in East mann's death, the memorial to him was

26 unveiled in the park in Gotha. After 1945, 'Petermann's Geographical Reports' nearly MITTIIEIIJUNGEN fell victim to political scrutiny by the com­ munist regime in the GD R. It is to the great JUSTUS PiRTUE S GEOGRiPHISGHBR ANST llT credit of Hermann Haack (1872-1966), who had worked for Perthes from 1897, that WICH'l'IGE NEUE EltFOllliCHUNUK~ he saved the specialist journal so that from

1948 onwards it was able to appear under llEM l:l::S , IM~IT U EI!I E'J'E DEit GEOGitAI'lll !·: his management and continue appearing to the present day. ll" A. I'ETE£tMAN N. The memory of Heinrich Berghaus lives on in his most famous work, the 'Physical Atlas', which, as the first of its kind, brought world renown to the Justus Perthes publishing house in Gotha. LOTIIA · JU STUS l'T:llTilES. The business of the Perthes company, founded in 1785, was successfully run by the Perthes family for nearly 170 years. In Title page of the first issue of Petermann 's 1952 Perthes moved to the West German 'R eports ...,. city of Darmstadt. The business in Gotha was nationalised in 1953, and in 1995 was one of the most precious in Europe, con­ renamed after a politically opportune carto­ taining an inexhaustible fund of material grapher who had been with the publishing on the history of world exploration and house for such a long time, Hermann Haack. acquisition. After the reunification of Germany, The correspondence and manuscripts Stephan Justus Perthes, a member of the archived there-ranging from the partici­ seventh generation, regained control of pants in the first polar expedition to Sven the tradition-rich family business. As the Hedin-represent a unique treasure, both publishing business in Gotha was burd­ for the general public and for the aca­ ened with old debts from the time of the demic specialist. The same is true of the GDR, Perthes sold it to the financially huge inventory of maps, which includes, strong Klett Cotta publishing group in for example, the biggest collection of Stuttgart. maps of Japan in Europe. As a reminder of its heyday under A 'Foundation for the Promotion of a August Petermann, the Klett Perthes pub­ Perthes Foundation' has now been formed lishing company is now producing a series with the aim of preserving for posterity known as the 'Edition Petermann'. Ste­ the cultural treasures that, regrettably, phan Justus Perthes retained ownership of have hitherto been lying idle. It is planned not only the company's property in Gotha, to transform it into an interactive 'Mu­ but also its valuable collection of some seum of the Earth', by the start of the next 120,000 books, 400,000 maps and 2,200 century at the very latest. atlases. In view of its size and wealth, it is OSWALD DREYER-EIMBCKE

27 Letters to the Editor

Lake House, King's Ride can states. If she continues on her present Ascot, Berks SL5 7JW course, her people will find no relief from Dear Editor their suffering, and the tranquillity of the The Fordham Collection hemisphere will be clouded. I very much enjoyed reading Donald Hod­ Needless to say that I, as lover of son 's article in the Spring issue of the maps, became very anxious to see at least Journal, as I enjoyed listening to the orig­ the map which was destroyed by Queen inal presentation. Victoria or subsequent maps showing As a footnote, one should remember possibly white spots for Bolivia. that when Sir Herbert Fordham first of­ I hoped that some of my IMCoS fered his gift of £200 to the R.G.S., poli­ friends could fulfil my desire enabling me ticians were trying to forget Gresham's to offer you a nice 'tale from the map Law. Now, when they have completely room'. forgotten it, the gift would be worth well Unfortunately neither Tony Camp­ over £10,000. Not a mean sum! bell, nor the Royal Archives, nor the Yours sincerely Royal Collection Trust, nor the Public EUGENE BURDEN Record Office, nor Eric Wolf, who all * * * tried very hard to help me, have succeeded at all. Is there anyone amongst our readers 21521 Wohltorf am Sachsenwald who knows more about it? So far, I have Waldstrasse 5 had to assume that Mr Herring's story was Dear Editor a pure invention. On my researches on the mapping of Yours sincerely Latin America I came across the follow­ OSWALD DREYER-EIMBCKE ing story which I found on page 638 of the *** book A History ofLatinAmericafrom the Beginnings to the Present by Hubert Her­ 1020 Bruxelles ring, published by Alfred A. Knopf, New A venue de Meysse, 5 York: Dear Editor The indomitable Queen Victoria had I read your journal with great interest one solution for this nation. In 1868, when and do not often answer to articles. braggart dictator Melgarejo insulted the This time I would like to add to Mr British minister by tying him on a donkey, Peter Barber's book review (Summer facing him backwards, and riding him 1995, pp. 49, 51), where he states that around the public square of the capital, the 'Pfinzing' s books were apparently the Queen called for a map, drew rough lines first tracts on land measurement to be across the offending country, and de­ published in Germany.' clared: 'Bolivia no longer exists.' But May I draw your attention to a series Bolivia does exist, and holds threat or of early German authors in the 16th cen­ promise for the entire company of Ameri- tury, such as Apianus, Arduser, Durer,

28 Kobler, Hulsius, Georg Purbach, Regio­ Brighton 20-24 July 1998. The Feder­ montanus, J. Schaner, and even Georg ation Internationale des Geometres will Reisch at the end of the 15th century. hold its congress there and our com­ Also, Walter Ryff and John Stoffer who mission on the history of surveying is wrote or had some of their works publish­ holding a one-day seminar on 22 July. A ed in German on landsurveying. good exhibition on the art of surveying is For a bibliography on surveying to be held at the University exhibition and works I can draw your attention to Klaus lecture hall. We would welcome the op­ Grewe: Bibliographie zur Geschichte des portunity to share these premises with so­ Vermessungswezens, Stuttgart, 1984, and cieties such as yours, and to meet the older Bibliography of Geodesy,by collectors with common interests. Goore, published in USA in 1903. Sincerely yours For a meeting in UK, may I suggest JAN DE GRAEVE

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Photo: V. Newby Where is this magnificent mosaic? In the centre is the world, as though revealed is the sea. Almost unrecognisable on the on the page of a gigantic atlas. Surrounded surface of the mosaic are miniature by fronds of vegetation, it is then edged by people, dwarfed by the height of the ca- stylised direction pointers (or possibly an- mera, and the size of the image. chors), which in turn are surrounded by the Turn to page 46, if you have not al- points of a compass rose. At the outer edge ready guessed the location.

29 Mercator Atlas of Europe acquired by The British Library

Throughout this summer there has been a Netherlands, Belgium and Germany the small exhibition at The British Library cel­ lower estimate was not reached and the work ebrating their purchase of what is known as the was withdrawn. Mercator Atlas ofEurope. For the Map Library The British Library, which had been this is the largest acquisition in its entire his­ under-bidder in 1979, entered into post-auc­ tory, excepting only King George ill's huge tion negotiations and aided by a substantial collection, and the Mercator atlas is one which grant of £500,000 from the Heritage Lottery they have stalked for nearly 20 years. Fund managed to secure the atlas with a total The atlas is a remarkable compilation, bid below the lower auction estimate. For almost certainly the work of Gerard Merca­ the UK, the atlas is a major addition to the tor himself. It consists of the separate sheets British Library's national cartographic col­ of Mercator's wall map of the British Isles lection. The sheets of the British Isles wall of 1564 of which only three other copies are map unfold in exceptional detail the shape known; the only surviving copy of his wall and nature of Britain in the mid-sixteenth map of Europe of 1554; two sections from century and provide the first reasonably ac­ his rare 1569 wall map of the world; and the curate representation of its four component only two known autograph manuscript maps parts. A studious contribution by Peter Bar­ by Mercator himself. In addition there are ber, Deputy Map Librarian, to the Mercator twenty-five maps from Abraham Ortelius' work cited above argues on circumstantial Theatrum Orbis Terrarum of 1570 and a evidence that the 'friend' whom Mercator 16th century plan of Ancona. acknowledged as his English source was The atlas seems to have been prepared John Elder, a Catholic sympathiser and an by Mercator in 1570-72 as an advance essay associate of George Lily's patron Cardinal for an atlas of Europe. It was bought, unrec­ Pole. ognised, in 1967 by a Dutch school teacher Sotheby' s catalogue The Mercator in a small Belgian bookshop at the bottom Atlas of Europe (26 November 1996) is the of a pile of fashion plates where it had lan­ best account in English of the contents of the guished for some six years. In 1979 the work atlas, its provenance and the arguments in was sold at So the by's for £340,000 and was favour of its compilation in 1570-72 by bought anonymously by the British Rail Mercator himself. Pension Fund. There it disappeared for 18 The Map Library is intending to make years, and although its location was known, the atlas an important exhibit in its new the important work Gerardi Mercatoris display galleries at St Pancras which will be Atlas Europae (Fonds Mercator Paribas, open to the public in 1998. Electronic access Antwerp, 1994) published in French and to the atlas and its maps is also being con­ Flemish to commemorate the 400th anniver­ sidered. sary of Mercator's death coyly made no RODNEY SHIRLEY mention of its then owner. In November Editor's Note 1996 the atlas was again offered for sale by The BL Press Release adds: 'There is cir­ Sotheby's with an estimate of £800,000- cumstantial evidence that the atlas was com­ £1 ,200,000, but without any mention what­ piled for Werner von Gymnich, governor to soever of its previous passage through their Crown Prince Karl Friedrich of Cleves for same salerooms in 1979. On this occasion, whom Mercator acted as Cosmographer.' in spite of supposed interest from the

30 International News & Events

1997 16th International Symposium IMCoS 16th International Symposium Budapest, Hungary Budapest 26-29 September 26-29 September 1997 Contact: Dr Zsolt Torok 'Old Maps in the Heart of Europe' Dept of Cartography, This promises to be a well-attended Eotvos University and exciting meeting. Regent Holidays Ludovika 2, 1083 Budapest can find no more rooms at the cheaper Tel: 36 1 334 2785 Hotel Flamenco, but will try and arrange NOTE THE CHANGE IN for late-comers to check in elsewhere. PHONE NUMBER Registration will be open at Hotel (formerly '36 1 134 2785') Flamenco on Thursday 25th Sept, and the full programme will be available at both 1998 17th International Symposium Hotel Flamenco and Hotel Forum. Tokyo, Japan Contact: 3-5 October Regent Holidays (UK) Ltd Contact: Mr Hideo Fujiwara 15 John Street, Bristol BS1 2HR Inokashira 5-2-5, Mitaka, Tel: (44)(0)-117-921 1711 Tokyo-181 Fax: (44)(0)-117-925 4866

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17th IMCoS International Symposium-Japan 1998 Arrangements are proceeding apace the KKR Hotel during the symposium. for the symposium in Japan next year. The The tentative progamme for a ten-day symposium itself will be held in Tokyo, at visit to Japan is given below. Costs are the KKR Hotel, pleasantly located north difficult to estimate at present, but for the of the Imperial Palace, 1 minute walk full ten days, including symposium registra­ from the Takebashi subway station on the tion and Dinner, six nights in Tokyo, post­ Tozai Line. It is a 15-storey building with symposium tour of two nights each in Kobe bar, restaurant and cafe, serving both and Kyoto, with travel between the three western and Japanese food. It has a mag­ centres, are likely to be in the region of nificent view over the city. £1 ,000 per person. Flights to and from Near the KKR Hotel is the Jimbo-cho Tokyo will be extra. We will try and arrange area, world-famous for its streets lined a group booking from London to Tokyo with over one hundred antique book­ direct. Perhaps Int. Reps in other countries, shops, some of which also sell maps. where there are several members participat­ There will probably be a Map Fair ing, will be able to make similar arrange­ arranged by a commercial organisation at ments, if members get in touch.

31 PROPOSED ARRANGEMENTS FOR IMCoS VISIT TO JAPAN

Fri 2 Oct Arrive Tokyo Airport. Check Post-Symposium Tour in for 6 nights (2nd, 3rd, 4th, 5th, 6th and Thur 8 Oct -Sun 11 Oct 7th) at KKR Hotel. Visit to Kobe and Kyoto. At Kobe there will be a Special Map 1M CoS Symposium -Mapping Exhibition at Kobe City Museum. Japan At Kyoto, there will be Special Map Sat 3 Oct Symposium registration in Exhibitions at Kamo, Mi-Oya Jinja afternoon. Reception in the evening. You Shrine, World Heritiage Site in Kyoto, can enjoy and participate in the Tea Cere­ and at Kasuga Taisha Shrine in Nara. mony Performance. There will be a Special Map Exhibi­ Mon 12th Return flight from Tokyo. tion throughout the symposium. * * * * * Sun 4 Oct Symposium in the morning. The registration forms are likely to go Keynote Address 'Development of out to members early in the new year. By Japanese Maps' by Professor Kazutaka then the full programme will be finalised, Unno, Osaka Professor Emeritus, and and all the details for the post-smposium other speakers. tour will be known. Visit to Edo-Tokyo Museum in the It promises to be a fascinating glimpse afternoon. into a cartographic tradition that will be new for most of us, linked to early European Mon 5 Oct Bus trip to Tsukuba, north­ arrival in the country, and the impact this east of Tokyo, and visit to Geographical had on local ways of viewing the country, Survey Institute and the Science Museum and transposing this view on to paper. of Map and Survey. For those who can support the weight, a study of Volume 2 Book 2 of the History Tues 6 Oct Symposium in the morning. of Cartography (University of Chicago 'Asian Maps by Ortelius' by Mr Lutz Press, 1994, edited by J.B. Harley and Walter, editor of Japan: a cartographic David Woodward) is highly recom­ vision-European printed maps from the mended. Professor Unno, who will be giv­ early 16th to the 19th century, and other ing the keynote address in Tokyo, has speakers. given a masterly exposition of 'Carto­ Visit to · map exhibits to National graphy in Japan' (pages 346--477). For an Archives in the afternoon. Symposium overview of western maps, see Isles of Dinner in the evening. Gold: Antique Maps of Japan by Hugh Cortazzi (Tokyo, Weatherhill, 1983). Wed 7 Oct Day free for sightseeing, This will be a great opportunity to shopping, etc. visit Japan, for the first time, or to return.

32 A ward for Francis Herbert Map Curator of the Royal Geographical Society, London Valerie Scott, Vice-Chairman IMCoS, stintingly of his own time, in addition to writes: doing a full day's work at the Map Room, in I am sure that many collectors, re­ order to sort out an enquiry or make sure searchers and dealers who have been helped information is correct. by Francis Herbert over the last 20 odd years The Society for the History of Dis­ will be delighted to hear that he has been coveries in USA recognised Francis by ap­ awarded an Honorary Fellowship of the pointing him to be the first President of the Royal Geographical Society (with the In­ Society from overseas. stitute of British Geographers) of London. He received the IMCoS-R.V. Tooley This is for his 'contribution to the Society Award in 1995 -the last to receive the and to the wider cartographic world as Map A ward under its former title. In the citation Curator and cartographic scholar.' Tony Campbell described Francis as 'prob­ This honour is particulary valuable be­ ably the most knowledgeable map librarian cause it is seldom awarded. in the world. He must also be considered Francis, who is Map CuratoroftheRGS among the map librarians who offer the and was Research Editor to The Map Col­ greatest amount of practical help to en­ lector, is known worldwide for the help he quirers, whatever period or part of the world gives to anyone with a query on any aspect involved.' of maps and their history. He gives un- Join me in congratulating him.

5-56 Ak3saka, Mi.n3to-ku pe=:.~ Tokyo 107, Jl(PA.t~ fax (81}3 3751 7970 cr.e 3589 0410

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33 THE W ARBURG INSTITUTE University of London Woburn Square, London WClH OAB MAPS AND SOCIETY

Lectures in the history of cartography convened by Tony Campbell (Map Library, British Library) and Catherine Delano Smith (Institute of Historical Research, London). Meetings are held at The Warburg Institute at 5.00 pm on a Thursday and are followed by refreshments. Admission is free. All are welcome. Enquiries to 0171 412 7525 (Tony Campbell).

SEVENTH SERIES PROGRAMME FOR 1997-8

1997 October 23 Dr John Dunbabin (St. Edmund Hall, Oxford) Red Lines on the Map: The Fixing of the Border between the United States and British North America.

November 20 Dr Michael Wintle (Department ofEuropean Studies, University of Hull) Renaissance Maps and the Construction of the Idea of Europe.

December 11 Professor Glyn Williams (Department ofHistory, Queen Mary and Westfield College, London) Speculative Maps and Apocryphal Voyages in the Exploration ofNorth America.

1998 January 22 Laurence Worms (Ash Rare Books Ltd.) Society and Maps: The London Map Trade in the 18th Century.

February 26 Dr Benet Salway (Department ofHistory, University College, London) Journeying in the Roman World and the Genesis of the Tabula Peutingeriana.

March 26 Dr Cristopher Board (Department of Geography, London School ofEconomics and Political Science) Silences, Secrecy and Falsification on Maps after 1858.

April30 Geraldine Beech (Public Record Office, London) 'A Wall of Glass'? Mapping Boundaries in the Balkans since 1830.

May 28 Professor David Buisseret (Department ofHistory, University of Texas-Arlington) A New Vision: Artists and Maps in Early Modern Europe.

This programme has been made possible through the generous sponsorship of The International Map Collectors' Society, Jonathan Potter of Jonathan Potter Ltd., and Laurence Worms of Ash Rare Books. It is supported by Imago Mundi. IMCoS Meeting in June

The rainy weekend got off to a festive restorations were visible from the win­ beginning with a reception on Friday eve­ dows of the upstairs rooms. t:Iing at the InterCol-Altea Gallery. Yasha We reassembled at the bus and conti­ Beresiner and his family, and his partner nued on to the Lensbury Club in Tedding­ Massimo de Martini were gracious hosts ton for a delicious luncheon. As we to a truly 'full house'. enjoyed our coffee and mints, Jenny Har­ The Seventeenth International An­ vey announced the winner of the 1997 tique Map Fair was held on Saturday at the IMCoS-Helen Wallis Award: Norman Forte Crest Hotel, Bloomsbury. Thirty­ Thrower. Unfortunately he was unable to nine booths plus a bargain-counter for receive the award in person, but his com­ beginner map collectors provided good patriot Arthur Holzheimer accepted it on browsing and excitement for all. Addi­ his behalf. The citation which Jenny read tional publicity this year appears to have out had been prepared by Al Newman, and paid off, as there seemed to be more new can be found on page 3 7. We all signed a faces than in previous years. card to be sent to Norman along with the An excursion on Sunday began early in Award. the morning with a bus tour through historic Our day concluded with a visit to the areas of London. Robert Baldwin, our Brooklands Museum in Weybridge. His­ knowledgeable guide, provided a fascinat­ toric aircraft and antique cars were on ing narrative as we passed familiar sights display outdoors (and the rain had finally along the way. He also pointed out some subsided). Few maps here, but they were ordinary buildings with interesting history. laid out in plenty by Doreen Green in a We arrived at Hampton Court and room upstairs. Mostly they were of the toured the palace in small groups. Unfor­ British Isles, which forms the basis of Mrs tunately, the rain deterred most of us from Green's collection. going out into the gardens, though the new JAN HOLZHEIMER

Map Identification and Valuation at the 1997 IMCoS Map Fair

Once again the Map Valuation and Ident­ first map brought in was the Jaillot-Mor­ ification service was a feature at the an­ tier double-sheet map of North America, nual IMCoS Map Fair. This year the desk dating from 1696. Not an especially rare was staffed by Rodney Shirley and by item, but a fine map for its time in early Catherine Slowther from Sotheby's. Ad­ colour. Allowing for some restoration, the vice is offered free to IMCoS members, map was felt likely to fetch in excess of with a small donation requested from non­ £2,000 at retail. Almost immediately, a members. contrasting map was shown to us. This The first three items reflect the var­ was a 1933 map of the Indian railways; iety of queries addressed to the Desk. The not easy to value as so few examples of

35 the more interesting 'modern' Indian [monogram] de el Peru' with side text and maps appear on the market. Our estimate engraved vignettes at the top and foot; the of value ranged from £50-100 with the date was c.l700, or perhaps earlier. Its higher figure, in spite of the rather scruffy source was not known to the enquirer, nor condition, reflecting demand as a piece of to the Desk, but a value of around £600 railway memorabilia. Another collector was suggested. The second map was of brought in a Morden map of Surrey, not to Bohemia with an Italian title 'Carte Della have it identified and valued but seeking Bohemie Presa da Mr. Blaeu' and with advice on how to remedy gloss spots on Italian script. This was an example of the underlying sizing. Blaeu's prestigious name being used to A copy ofBion'sL'Usage des Globes bolster a less distinctive mid or late cen­ (Amsterdam, 1700) with a celestial map tury piece. The map was being offered by and 14 plates all in old colour heightened a dealer for £500, a price we felt was in gold was estimated at £1,000. Another optimistic. booklet was the uncommon Trattato della Five or six British county maps by Sphera by Johannes de Sacrobosco and Morden, Moll, Kip-Norden, Hole-Saxton published by Antonio Brucioli in Venice and others were easily assessed but the in 1543. There was a small world map and authorship of two small 18th-century astronomical diagram at the end. No value charts (one of theNorth Sea and one of the could be given for the booklet as a whole, islands adjacent to the Philippines) baf­ as access was needed to Sotheby' s book fled us. Another nautical chart, a fine two­ archive CD-ROM and copies of Book sheet one, was Van Keulen' s 'New et very Auction Records.* Another world map Large Zea Map of the Isle of Wight en shown to us was a derivative Nicolaas Large Form'. This was expertly engraved Visscher's world map of 1657 (Shirley, in Van Keulen's unmistakable style and Mapping of the World, entry 414). Ac­ showed the whole of the south coast of cording to verso text, the derivative was England with the Isle of Wight in the from a German bible of 1715116. The centre. However, there had clearly been engraving of the map was even finer than trouble over providing a title in the Eng­ its better-known Dutch predecessors and lish language! The enquirer was very reminiscent of the sharpness of engravers pleased that our estimate of £750 was such as Johannes Degler or Jacob Hecka­ rather more than he had paid for it. nauer whose names appear on prints in Several enquirers only showed us Heinrich Scherer's Atlas Marianus. A photographs or xeroxes of maps, or tried price of £1,600-£2,000 seemed fair. to describe their maps verbally. In the case Two maps were unfamiliar. The first of an American gentleman we were able was a Jesuit map of part of Peru titled to confirm from a xerox of his map - 'Mission de Mojos de la Campaniade IHS nominally a Johannes Janssonius 'America Septentrionale' with a printed * Subsequent to the Fair, Sotheby's provided date on it of 1623 - that it was almost an auction estimate of £500-700 for this item. certainly a modem facsimile. But several times we had to say that giving a value

36 (and even identifying) a map we could not an auction estimate of £100-200 was sug­ see was not possible. gested, with a possible retail price of twice Some of the difficulties in valuation that amount. are exemplified by a Speed map of Corn­ As in previous years, several en­ wall placed in front of us, normally a map quirers had to be gently told that their 'old' much sought after by collectors. This was map was just a modern facsimile. We wish a late thinly-printed impression with poor we could have given or sold them the modern colour, cut close at the margins IMCoS guidance notes 'Distinguishing and laid down. However, the imprint was Fake from Real' which are currently being that of Christopher Browne, indicating a prepared as title No.2 in the IMCoS series relatively scarce state from the time of his of useful Occasional Papers. By June ownership of the original Speed plates 1998 this number should be available. between c.1695 and 1713. In this instance, RODNEY SHIRLEY

Citation for Norman Thrower : Teacher, Scholar and Author and the 1997 recipient of the IMCoS- Helen Wallis Award

A recipient bridging two countries, Nor­ man Thrower was born in England in 1919 and received his early schooling there. In 194 7 he made the United States his adopted country. As UC Berkeley Pro­ fessor Clarence J. Glacken once noted, Thrower was almost predestined to a life­ long interest in cadastral mapping by being born in England 'where schoolboys grow up studying field systems'. Partici­ pation in the Survey of India during Brit­ ish Army Service from 1940 to 1947 furthered his preparation for more scho­ larly study at the University of Virginia and graduate work at the University of Wisconsin, the latter under the tutelage of Arthur Robinson. 1957 began his long relationship with the University of California at Los Angeles as Professor of Geography. Al­ though given Emeritus status in 1990, he remains active there in scholarly pursuits. An enquiring mind, tireless energy, and fabulous memory are the personal

37 traits of this scholar and teacher of histori­ wife Betty. cal cartography, one of the few who has Norm Thrower, like Helen Wallis, truly studied the importance of maps to has been a preacher of cartographic gospel civilization over the ages. world-wide, both as a writer and sought As a Guggenheim Fellow in 1962, after speaker. He is the author or editor of Thrower recognized early the need for an ten books and more than two hundred and interdiscplinary approach to his basic fifty articles. He has spoken at con­ field. Since 1978 he has served on the ferences and to groups all over the world. Advisory Committee of the Guggenheim Lord Wardington, in his review (/MCoS Foundation. His interest in literature led to Journal, Winter 1996) of Thrower's Maps his being named as the Clark Library Pro­ and Civilization (University of Chicago fessor, and later to two three-year terms as Press, rev. edn 1996) commented, 'Every Director of the famed William Andrews page ... contains a wealth of interest and Clark Memorial Library, during which he every page rewards the reader with a new founded UCLA's Center for 17th & 18th fact or thought.' The titles alone of some Century Studies. UCLA's librarian Ro­ of his other works reflect the diversity of bert Vosper remarked after those terms, his knowledge and interest: The Complete 'there are very few academics with a fer­ Plattmaker (U.C. Press, 1978); Sir tile and enthusiastic interest in the inter­ Francis Drake and the Famous Voyage, connection of the disciplines. Norman 1577-1580 (U.C. Press, 1984); A Bucca­ Thrower is such a rarity - a geographer neer's Atlas (with Derek Howse) (U.C. by training with knowledge ranging from Press, 1992); The Three Voyages of Ed­ English literature to the history of mond Halley in the Paramore, 1698-1701 science.' (Hakluyt Society, 1980). The recipient earned other oppor­ Norman J.W. Thrower has chronicled tunities to be of service: as President of the for all of us the history of the map as an State of California's Sir Francis Drake expression of man's scientific and cultural Commission, 1973-1980, including the or­ evolution. The International Map Collec­ ganizing in 1979 of an international con­ tors' Society is privileged to acknowledge ference of Drake scholars whose speakers his contributions and to confer upon him included Dr Helen Wallis, the late and its highest honour. beloved IMCoS President; as Charter Presi­ dentin 1978 and continuing supporter of the Unfortunately Professor Thrower was un­ California Map Society; as Director of able to accept the Award in person. His wife UCLA's Columbus Quincentenary Pro­ Betty, known to so many as Norman's con­ stant companion at all cartographic events, grams, for which he was honoured in 1992 died after an illness bravely born shortly by H.M. Juan Carlos of Spain with the before the IMCoS June weekend. In his letter Orden del Merito Civil; as President of The to /MCoS Chairman he commented that Society for the History of Discoveries, and Teddington was a very appropriate locale as active participant in professional so­ for the presentation because he worked at cieties too numerous to mention. In all these the Directorate of Colonial Surveys zn endeavours he was ably supported by his 1946-7, at nearby Bushey Park.

38 Breaking the Ice!! At the Intercol-Altea Gallery on Friday evening. 39 ;.::~ ~..... ~ ""'C"\1 ;::..,

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40 The IMCoS Desk at the Map Fair. Secretary Harry Pearce (right), with his assistants: granddaughter Samantha and her friend Steven

~~~~~~~~~~~~ ~ ~ ~ I ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ Friedrich Weissert ~ ~ ~~~:~:~1toe:: ~ ~ Maps & Atlases ~ ~ ~ ~ 22 rue de Savoie, 75 006 Paris, France ~

~ cax: 00 33 1140 29 85 57 Phone: 00 331143 29 72 59 ~ ~ Open Monday to f riday 10.00-12 .30 14.00-19.00 ~ ~~~~~~~~$l~~~~~

Winding-up at Lunch- our regular: Yasha Beresiner in full spate. 41 Lunch at the Lensbury Club. Top: Arthur Holzheimer receiving the IMCoS-Helen Wallis Award on behalf of Norman Thrower. Below: Good company, good talk around the tables. 42 Book Reviews

County Atlases of the British Isles pub­ known and the atlas contents follows. It is lished after 1703. Vol. III: Atlases pub­ nice to see Clive Burden's atlases listed. lished 1764 to 1789 and their Although the Burden collection is a pri­ subsequent editions, by Donald Hodson. vate collection, Clive Burden has never London: The British Library, 1997. ISBN hesitated to share his knowledge and col­ 0 7123 4524 8. Pages xv + 208; 7 black lection with serious researchers. The re­ and white illustrations. £35.00. ally fascinating section then follows: Anyone familiar with the county Publication history. This is where Hodson mapping of the British Isles will be (or is especially strong. His patient research should be) familiar with Donald Hodson's and delving into every available source monumental works. Following in the for information relating to the atlas pro­ footsteps of R.A. Skelton, who produced duction is impressive. In the introduction the first cartobibliography of British At­ he relates that although he retired shortly lases (covering the period to 1703), Hod­ after Volume II appeared, the third vol­ son has continued this work and has made ume has taken just as long to prepare; the the field his own. Those who have pro­ information contained in the history sec­ duced county cartobibliographies in the tions for each atlas make it clear why. The last ten years are indebted to Hodson for list of maps present usually follows the his work and the challenge is to find infor­ history and here the cartographic collector mation that has escaped him, i.e. to be able can soon locate and identify her/his indi­ to write not in Hodson. The first two vol­ vidual map. umes (originally published by the Tewin The format of each section is the Press now available through the British same, making it easy to follow, and the Library) were packed with information as later editions are listed immediately after Hodson is not content to simply list the the initial publication. This has now atlases and the various editions and their become the established pattern for county variant map states, but researches into cartobibliographers and makes it simpler every aspect of the atlas publication. This, to get an overview of how many times a long-awaited, third volume takes county particular atlas was published. It seems mapping to the threshold of the nineteenth logical now, but Skelton did not adopt this century and finishes with what could be layout and Rodney Shirley chose two considered the forerunner of today' s map­ other schemes for each of his volumes on ping, Cary's New and Correct Atlas of the mapping of Great Britain. 1787-9. Although the majority of atlases were This third volume begins with Bowen concerned with England and Wales, Hod­ and Kitchin's Royal English Atlas and the son has included all atlases that concen­ format is consistent with the previous two trated on Scotland or Ireland so that it volumes. The text of the title page is fol­ really is a full description of atlases of the lowed by a description and location of the British Isles. Indeed, the final section is an relevant atlases, and any variant atlases appendix dealing with the Dublin Maga- 43 zine of 1764, previously not described as Francis Grose's works also belong to it was omitted from Jolly's fine work on this category and Donald Hodson has done magazine publications. Although poss­ much to explain the intricacies of dating this ibly only a part series, it was intended to monumental ·and very popular work. John produce a full set of Irish cou!ltY maps and Seller's series of maps had already been therefore has been included. produced c.1694 and Hodson gives a listing The first atlas covered is the Royal of the early issues as well as new informa­ English Atlas and it is interesting to read tion that has come to light since they were that this was not a commercial success: included in Skelton's work. Detailed infor­ when I look at the map of my own county mation on the history of Francis Grose and (Devon) I am impressed at the style and others helps us to understand the complexity layout and it is one of my favourite maps of the publication and even Hodson admits of my county. The question of ownership that he must occasionally resort to educated is covered (dealt with in Volume II, al­ guesswork. The problem here is not the though new readers might have welcomed maps-there is usually only one version a fuller footnote rather than merely refer­ after amendments to Seller's originals-but ring to the previous volume). Other atlases the many text variations. An impressive list included are those of Joseph Ellis (1765) of variations of text follows but those re­ which must have been a veritable best searching their own counties are sure to find seller based on the number of issues and other differences (Devon has at least one surviving examples; Hinton's Universal variation more) and I did not notice any Magazine series; Kitchin's attempt to pro­ reference to the old and modem styles of the duce maps at the same scale, his Pocket letter's'. However, as Hodson remarks, he Atlas; Meijer, one of the very few county only referred to a sample of counties and did atlases published abroad; and Hogg' s New not refer to all, as the work would have British Traveller. As well as the Dublin expanded the volume and, in fairness, the Magazine part set there is coverage of maps were unchanged. Bernard Scale's Hibernian Atlas of Ire­ The final atlas is the first of Cary's land and an atlas devoted to Scotland, the ground-breaking atlases, the New and Scotch Atlas of Mostyn John Armstrong. Correct English Atlas. This was the first A number of inclusions are later edi­ detailed and accurate set of county maps. tions of atlases that had appeared much Here too, Hodson has not researched earlier (and were partly covered in pre­ every single map in all its variations. Rep­ vious volumes). Among these are the two resentative samples have been included: Moll atlases included in the section of Lincolnshire, with two states of the map, Additions to Volume I. The later Turpin and Kent, with eleven different states issue of Morden's playing cards is also (Devon, not included, has at least six found, as well as Kitchin's maps, origin­ states), giving an indication of the com­ ally from the London Magazine, which plexity of this atlas. Other county bibliog­ were reissued from c.1787. The enterpris­ raphers will be able to add to the volume ing collector may be able to discover a not of knowledge here. in Hodson. Between 1787 and the end of the cen-

44 tury only seven more county atlases (of 1,600,000 aerial photographs and remote England and Wales), of which two were sensing images as well. IMCoS members Cary productions, and one set of cards who have been there will be aware already appeared. After this we enter what I con­ of the welcome they can expect, and the sider to be the Golden Age of map produc­ splendid facilities available. tion. In the 37 years before Victoria's The guide itself is in eight sections. accession more than 45 works covering a The first is Ralph E. Ehrenberg's intro­ minimum of England and Wales were duction. This sets the scene and describes produced. That is as many as in the the ways in which the material can be preceding 225 years. There is still much accessed. to be done but for the years 1575 to 1787 The next section is about the Atlases we have the definitive works in Skelton's in the collection. There are over 53,000 of original work and in Hodson's three vol­ them, and they include 4 7 of the 56 known umes. Hodson has certainly earned the survivors of Ptolemy's Geographia. Fordham Medal for Cartobibliography, Many are rare or unique variants, incor­ awarded last year, for the first time, by the porating, for example, Johann Ruysch' s Royal Geographical Society. world map, including the exploration of KIT BATTEN the New World by John Cabot. The world's finest cartographers are all there, Library of Congress : Geography and represented not by isolated examples but Maps : An illustrated guide, compiled by their complete atlases. I cannot list by Ralph E. Ehrenberg et al. Washington: them, the guide doesn't either, but it says Library of Congress, 1996. ISBN 0 8444 enough to persuade me I must get to 0817 4. Pages 84, 74 illustrations. Washington, even if it means swimming The book is a soft-covered, 84-page the Atlantic. guide to a fabulous array of maps and Special Collections are stored in a charts, priceless and matchless. We special vault, in proper atmospheric con­ might have known, had we considered, ditions. There are over 100 of these col­ the most powerful Government in the lections, together with over 3,000 world would possess a superb collection precious printed or manuscript maps, ac­ of maps, even with Congress dating quired from every source imaginable. The back to only the decade of John Cary provenance of these accessions is as ro­ and Emanuel Bowen. mantic as the maps are historic. The great The collection glimpsed through this of North America, 18th, 19th and 20th book is astonishing. The guide describes Century alike, including many Presidents, the remarkable speed and acceleration of have added richly to the store. I know accessions. Private generosity has Thomas Hardy was also an architect, but matched public zeal. It is enough to make I was unaware George Washington was a Britisher jealous. The cartographic hold­ also a surveyor. To pr~)Ve it, there is a plan ings of map sheets are in millions, atlases he made of some of his own land in Vir­ in tens of thousands, microfilm images in ginia. The guide has this plan as one of its hundreds of thousands, and there are illustrations. (An index of 141 Special 45 collections to be found in the Library is at ADVERTISING RATES the end of the Guide.) IN THE IMCoS JOURNAL I should make it clear that this guide Single 1 Year Map Fair does not comprise 84 pages of text. There issue (4 issues) only are no fewer than 7 4 illustrations, some of Full page £ 100 £300 £ 180 them full page. They are individually of Half page £60 £175 £105 enormous interest, but they are collec­ Quarter page £30 £90 £54 tively stunning. Many of them will not have been seen elsewhere, and they make These rates are for .camera ready artwork. Contact the Advertising Manager: this slim volume rather more than your Derek Allen run-of-the-mill Guide. 25 St Margaret's Road General Collections come next. London SE4 1YL There are no fewer than 3 112 million Tel: 0181-469 3932. single-sheet maps, the vast majority un­ catalogued, in the 'Titled Collection'. Advertisers in this issue They are easily accessible, however, as Richard B. Arkway 6 they are stored in a 'basic geographic ar­ Roderick M. Barron 18 rangement', readily available. There are Antiquariat Berg Rheinhold 16 rail maps, road maps and city plans in their N &MBorg 22 thousands. They are not confined to the The Carson Clark Gallery 12 USA either. They come from all over the Frame 14 world, and they are measured, quite lite­ J .A.L. Franks 8 rally, by the drawers they fill. Intercol 48 Globes and terrain models are there in Mappae Japoniae 33 KitS. Kapp plenty. The globes date from the 17th and 22 Warwick Leadlay Gallery 24 18th centuries, and include three by Map Collector Publications 16 Vicenzo Coronelli. The terrain models are The Map House 2 mostly military, three dimensional and of Martayan Lan 12 every generation, up to the moment, and Mercator's World 10 including many battle scenes from this Johannes Miiller 24 century. There is a strong study section of Kenneth Nebenzahl 14 commercial views too. Jonathan Potter 6 Lastly, the Library of Congress has a Reiss & Sohn 22 collection, probably the most compre­ Robert Ross 16 hensive in the world, of digital data and Paulus Swaen 12 geographic information systems. These Friedrich Weissert 41 are scarcely what most of us collect yet for The mosaic map is at Lisbon, at the Paddio display or amusement, but they are history dos Descobrimentos (Monument to the Dis­ in the making. This guide documents them coveries). It emphazises the phenomenal ex­ well. Who knows what future generations tent of Portugal's exploration during its will enjoy most? golden age from the Azores and Brazil to GEOFFREY TAPPER India, Macau and Japan.

46 IMCoS List of Officers President Oswald Dreyer-Eimbcke Advisory Council Past President Rodney Shirley Executive Committee and Adelaide W.A.R. Richardson Appointed Officers Barcelona Sra Montserrat Galera Chairman & London Tony Campbell Membership Sec Jenny Harvey London Catherine Delano Smith Vice Chairman Valerie Scott Ottawa Ed Dahl Gen Secretary Harry Pearce Paris Monique Pelletier Treasurer Cyrus Ala'i Utrecht Dr Gunter Schilder Publicity Officer Yasha Beresiner Washington Ralph Ehrenberg Map Fair Organiser Roger Brown Directors Themis Strongilos Map Fair Liaison Philip Burden Alfred W. Newman Journal Advertising Derek Allen Librarian Christopher Terrell International Officers Photographer David Webb Chairman Malcolm A Young Journal Editor Susan Gole Secretary Robert Clancy Development Caroline Batchelor

Representatives America, Central: Paul F Glynn, Japan: Kazumasa Yamashita, 10-7 2- Casa El Carmen, 3a Avenida Norte 8, chome, Sendagaya, Shibuya-ku, Tokyo La Anti~ua, Guatemala Latvia: Dr Janis Strauchmanis, America, South: Dr Lorenzo GOller Frers, Tallinas 83-40, Riga, LV-1009 Peru 285, 1641 Acassuso, Argentina Mexico: Martine Chomel de Coelho, Australia: Prof Robert Clancy, A.P. 40-230, Mexico 06140 OF 11 High Street, Newcastle, NSW 2300 Netherlands: Hans Kok, Poelwaal 15, Austria: Dr Stefan J. Missine, 21 62 HA Lisse Unt. Weissgerberstr. 5-14, 1030 Vienna New Zealand: Neil McKinnon, Belgium: Philippe Swolfs, PO Box 847, Timaru Nieuwe Steenweg 31, Elversele, 9140 Norway: Pal Sagen, Bygd0y Aile 69, Bulgaria: Bojan Besevliev, lnst for Balkan PO Box 102 Tasen, N-0801 Oslo 8 Studies, ul. Kalojan 7, 1000 Sofia Philippines: Rudolf Lietz, POB 2348 Canada: Edward H Dahl, Nat. Archives of MCPO, 1263 Makati, Metro Manila Canada, Ottawa, Ontario K1 A ON3 Portugal: JC Silva, Croatia: Ankica Pandzic, Hist. Museum of Travessa de Quelmada 28, Lisbon 2 Croatia, Matoseva 9, 10000 Zagreb Saudi Arabia: Fay Huidekoper-Cope, Cyprus: Dr AJ Hadjipaschalis, c/o Rezayat Co. Ltd., PO Box 90, PO Box 4506, Nicosia Alkhobar 31952 Finland: Jan Strang, Jatasalmentie 1 Singapore and Malaysia: Julie Yeo, An­ FIN-00830 Helsinki tiques of the Orient, 21 Cuscaden Ad, France: Jacques Reutemann, Ming Arcade 01-02, Singapore 1024 54 Rue des Grands Forts, 26110 South Africa: Jeffrey Sharpe, Nyons P.O. Box 32342, Camps Bay 8040 Germany: Prof Dr D Novak, Spain: Jaime Armero, Frame SL, Adenaurallee 23, 0-5300 Bonn 1 General Pardifias 69, Madrid 6 Greece: Them is Strongilos, Sweden: Gunnar Skoog, 19 Rigillis Street, GR-106 74 Athens Skoogs Foretagsgrupp AB, Malmo Hungary: Dr Zsolt Torok, Dept/Geography, Thailand: Dr Dawn Rooney, Eotvos Univ. Ludovika 2, Budapest PO Box 11, 1238 Bangkok Iceland: Kjarten Gunnarsson, Smaragata Turkey: F Muhtar Katircioglu, Karanfil 9, Reykjavik 101 Araligi 14, Levent, 80620 Istanbul Indonesia: Geoff Edwards, PO Box USA, Central: Kenneth Nebenzahl Inc, 1390/JKS, Jakarta 12013 PO Box 370, Glencoe, Ill 60022 Israel: Eva Wajntr3ub, USA, East: Robert A. Highbarger, 7509 4 Brenner Street, Jerusalem Hackamore Drive, Potomac, MD 20854 Italy: Marcus Perini, Via A. Sciesa 11, USA, West: Alfred W Newman, 1414 Mari­ 37122 Verona posa Street, Vallejo, CA 94590 nter visit Yasha Beresiner's Gallery at 114 Islington High Street (in the Camden Passage) London N1

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