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Download Book 2 Microbiology Monographs Series Editor: Alexander Steinbüchel Complex Intracellular Structures in Prokaryotes Volume Editor: Jessup M. Shively With 85 Figures, 23 in color 123 Volume E ditor : Dr. Jessup M. Shively Prof. Emeritus of Biochemistry Department of Genetics and Biochemistry Clemson University Clemson SC 29634 USA e-mail: [email protected] Series Editor: Professor Dr. Alexander Steinbüchel Institut für Molekulare Mikrobiologie und Biotechnologie Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Corrensstraße 3 48149 Münster Germany e-mail: [email protected] Library of Congress Control Number: 2006924176 ISSN 1862-5576 ISBN-10 3-540-32524-7 Springer Berlin Heidelberg New York ISBN-13 978-3-540-32524-6 Springer Berlin Heidelberg New York DOI 10.1007/11497158 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broad- casting, reproduction on microfilm or in any other way, and storage in data banks. Duplication of this publication or parts thereof is permitted only under the provisions of the German Copyright Law of September 9, 1965, in its current version, and permission for use must always be obtained from Springer. Violations are liable for prosecution under the German Copyright Law. Springer is a part of Springer Science+Business Media springer.com c Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2006 Printed in Germany The use of registered names, trademarks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. Editor: Dr. Christina Eckey, Heidelberg Desk Editor: Dr. Jutta Lindenborn, Heidelberg Cover design: eStudio Calamar S.L., Spain Typesetting and Production: LE-TEXJelonek,Schmidt&VöcklerGbR,Leipzig Printed on acid-free paper 149/3100 YL – 5 4 3 2 1 0 Preface Categorizing organisms as either prokaryotes or eukaryotes was first intro- duced in 1937 and proposed again in 1957 (Beck 2000); however, it was some years later, prompted to a certain degree by a publication by Stanier and van Niel (1962), before the concept became more widely accepted. At this early stage in the late 1950s, our complete understanding of the ultrastructure of both cell types, but especially prokaryotes, was still in its infancy and awaited the more common and extensive use of electron microscopy as well as a multitude of other techniques and instrumentation. Prokaryotes were generally viewed as primitive simple cells with little intracellular structure. The existence of some storage bodies had been demonstrated (see Vol. 1 of this series), but little else was known about the internal organization (first chapter, this volume). The absence of mitochondria or chloroplasts appeared certain, but the state of the nucleic acid within the prokaryotic cell and the presence/absence of mitosis were still somewhat controversial subjects. That our concept of a prokaryote has undergone a remarkable transformation during the last 50 years should become readily apparent as one proceeds through the chapters in this volume. Furthermore, the reader should come to realize that the rigid classification of an organism as either a prokaryote or eukaryote is not always so clear-cut. We are quite sure that the next 50 years will provide a clearer understanding of the complex intracellular structures presently known as well as bring to light surprising new ones. As we gathered information on the intracellular structures found in a seem- ingly endless variety of prokaryotes it became obvious to us that the com- ponents were so numerous that it would be impossible to include topics for all of them in one “reasonably sized” volume of Microbiology Monographs. After considering different alternatives, we decided to place those components with primarily a metabolic storage/reserve function in Vol. 1 and label them “inclusions” see Microbiology Monographs Vol. 1 “Inclusions in Prokaryotes.” Those components with other functions were then considered in Vol. 2 “Com- plex Intracellular Structures of Prokaryotes.” After eliminating those topics well covered in microbiology and/or biochemistry textbooks we selected 10 topics that we feel exemplify the spectrum of prokaryote intracellular struc- tures: proteasomes, phycobilisomes, chlorosomes, gas vesicles, carboxysomes, magnetosomes, intracytoplasmic membranes, membrane bound nucleoids, VI Preface anammoxosomes, and cytoarchitecture of Epulopiscium spp. As we secured authors for these topics, suggestions for other topics seemed to come from everywhere. In an effort to make the monograph somewhat more “complete,” but still remain within the suggested book length, we added seven topics as mini (cameo) chapters. Even with the expanded coverage, worthy topics have likely been excluded. It is our hope that the omissions will not displease either the researchers investigating the excluded subjects or readers. We would like to express our sincere thanks to all of the authors; without their contributions this book would not have been possible. We realize that the preparation of a lengthy manuscript is a difficult task in the face of the many other duties these authors are expected to perform. Their contributions are excellent and were submitted in a timely fashion. Our thanks also go to Springer for publishing this monograph. Special thanks are due to Christina Eckey and Jutta Lindenborn for their valuable suggestions and support. Clemson and Münster, January, 2006 Jessup Shively Alexander Steinbüchel References Beck RW (2000) A chronology of microbiology in historical context. ASM Press, Washington Stanier RY, van Neil CB (1962) The concept of a bacterium. Archiv Microbiol 42:17–35 Contents Part I Complex Intracellular Structures in Prokaryotes Prokaryote Complex Intracellular Structures: Descriptions and Discoveries J.M.Shively................................. 3 Proteasomes and Other Nanocompartmentalized Proteases of Archaea J. A. Maupin-Furlow · M. A. Gil · M. A. Humbard · P.A. Kirkland · W.Li·C.J.Reuter·A.J.Wright...................... 23 Assembly and Disassembly of Phycobilisomes N.Adir·M.Dines·M.Klartag·A.McGregor·M.Melamed-Frank . 47 Chlorosomes: Antenna Organelles in Photosynthetic Green Bacteria N.-U.Frigaard·D.A.Bryant........................ 79 Gas Vesicles of Archaea and Bacteria F.Pfeifer................................... 115 Carboxysomes and Carboxysome-like Inclusions S.Heinhorst·G.C.Cannon·J.M.Shively................. 141 Magnetosomes in Magnetotactic Bacteria A.Scheffel·D.Schüler........................... 167 Structure, Function and Formation of Bacterial Intracytoplasmic Membranes R.A.Niederman.............................. 193 Membrane-bounded Nucleoids and Pirellulosomes of Planctomycetes J.A.Fuerst.................................. 229 VIII Contents Anammoxosomes of Anaerobic Ammonium-oxidizing Planctomycetes J. A. Fuerst · R. I. Webb · L. Van Niftrik · M. S. M. Jetten · M. Strous . 259 The Enigmatic Cytoarchitecture of Epulopiscium spp. E.R.Angert................................. 285 Part II Additional Complex Intracellular Structures Cytoskeletal Elements in Prokaryotes W.Vollmer................................. 305 Cryo-electron Tomography Reveals the Architecture of a Bacterial Cytoskeleton J.Kürner·W.Baumeister......................... 313 Organization and Assembly of the Mycoplasma pneumoniae Attachment Organelle M.F.Balish................................. 319 TheJunctionalPoreComplex:MolecularMotorofMicrobialMotility E.Hoiczyk.................................. 329 Type III Secretion Systems: Bacterial Injection Devices for Microbe–Host Interactions K.Sergueev·C.A.McHugh·E.Hoiczyk................. 339 Gas Vesicles in Actinomycetes: not simply a Case of Flotation in Water-logged Soil G.vanKeulen................................ 349 Bacterial Endosymbionts in Prokaryotes D.Corsaro·D.Venditti........................... 359 Subject Index ................................ 373 Part I Complex Intracellular Structures in Prokaryotes Microbiol Monogr (2) J.M. Shively: Complex Intracellular Structures in Prokaryotes DOI 10.1007/7171_018/Published online: 13 May 2006 © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2006 Prokaryote Complex Intracellular Structures: Descriptions and Discoveries Jessup M. Shively Department of Genetics and Biochemistry, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA [email protected] 1Introduction................................... 3 2 Complex Intracellular Structures: Descriptions and Discovery ....... 6 2.1 Proteasomes................................... 6 2.2 Phycobilisomes................................. 7 2.3 Chlorosomes................................... 8 2.4 GasVesicles................................... 8 2.5 CarboxysomesandCarboxysome-LikeInclusions.............. 9 2.6 Magnetosomes.................................. 10 2.7 IntracytoplasmicMembranes.......................... 11 2.8 Planctomycetes................................. 12 2.8.1Membrane-BoundedNucleoidsandPirellulosomes.............. 13 2.8.2Anammoxosomes................................ 13 2.9 Cytoarchitecture of Epulopiscium spp...................... 13 References ....................................... 14 Abstract The gas vacuole was first observed in 1895, but details of this structure (gas vesicles) as well as discovery of the other structures covered in this monograph (pro- teasomes, phycobilisomes, chlorosomes, carboxysomes and carboxysome-like inclusions,
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