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Redalyc.On a New Peirosaurid Crocodyliform from the Upper Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências ISSN: 0001-3765 [email protected] Academia Brasileira de Ciências Brasil CAMPOS, DIOGENES A.; OLIVEIRA, GUSTAVO R.; FIGUEIREDO, RODRIGO G.; RIFF, DOUGLAS; AZEVEDO, SERGIO A.K.; CARVALHO, LUCIANA B.; KELLNER, ALEXANDER W.A. On a new peirosaurid crocodyliform from the Upper Cretaceous, Bauru Group, southeastern Brazil Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências, vol. 83, núm. 1, marzo, 2011, pp. 317-327 Academia Brasileira de Ciências Rio de Janeiro, Brasil Available in: http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=32717681017 How to cite Complete issue Scientific Information System More information about this article Network of Scientific Journals from Latin America, the Caribbean, Spain and Portugal Journal's homepage in redalyc.org Non-profit academic project, developed under the open access initiative “main” — 2011/2/10 — 18:53 — page 317 — #1 Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências (2011) 83(1): 317-327 (Annals of the Brazilian Academy of Sciences) Printed version ISSN 0001-3765 / Online version ISSN 1678-2690 www.scielo.br/aabc On a new peirosaurid crocodyliform from the Upper Cretaceous, Bauru Group, southeastern Brazil DIOGENES A. CAMPOS1, GUSTAVO R. OLIVEIRA2, RODRIGO G. FIGUEIREDO2, DOUGLAS RIFF3, SERGIO A.K. AZEVEDO2, LUCIANA B. CARVALHO2 and ALEXANDER W.A. KELLNER2 1Departamento Nacional de Produção Mineral, Museu de Ciências da Terra Avenida Pasteur, 404, Urca, 22290-240 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil 2Museu Nacional/Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Departamento de Geologia e Paleontologia Quinta da Boa Vista, s/n, São Cristóvão, 20940-040 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil 3Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Instituto de Biologia, Campus Umuarama Bloco 2D – sala 28, Rua Ceará, s/n, Umuarama, 38400-902 Uberlândia, MG, Brasil Manuscript received on December 22, 2010; accepted for publication on January 18, 2011 ABSTRACT A new crocodyliform from the Upper Cretaceous (Campanian-Maastrichtian) Presidente Prudente Formation of the Bauru Group is described based on two almost complete skulls and mandibles. The material comes from the “Tar- taruguito” site, situated at an old railroad between the cities of Pirapozinho and Presidente Prudente, state of São Paulo, Brazil. The new species, Pepesuchus deiseae gen. et sp. nov., is classified in the clade Peirosauridae onthe basis of three synapomorphies: the presence of five premaxillary teeth, the anterior two premaxillary alveoli nearly confluent, and the oval cross-section of the jugal along the lower temporal bar. The new taxon increases theoutstand- ing crocodyliform diversity of the Bauru Group, particularly of the Peirosauridae, which might turn out to be one of the most representative clades of gondwanan mesoeucrocodylians. Key words: Pepesuchus, Peirosauridae, Cretaceous, Bauru Group, Brazil. INTRODUCTION imens and their disparity of forms allow these clades to be the most studied mesoeucrocodylians from the Bauru The study of crocodyliforms from Brazil has increased Group, with several species described in detail and in- tremendously in the last decades, with several new dis- cluded in phylogenetic analyses (e.g., Pol 2003, Andra- coveries (e.g., Barbosa et al. 2008, Iori and Carvalho de and Bertini 2008). 2009, Kellner et al. 2009). No other stratigraphic unit So far the crocodyliform fauna from the Bauru has provided so many new specimens as the Bauru Group is composed by the following species: Bauru- Group, located in the southeastern portion of the coun- suchus pachecoi Price, 1945; Baurusuchus salgadoensis try (Kellner 1998, Kellner and Campos 1999, Candeiro Carvalho, Campos & Nobre, 2005; Baurusuchus albertoi and Martinelli 2006). Among these, the most diversity Nascimento & Zaher, 2010; Sphagesaurus huenei Price, is found in the Notosuchia, which includes the Bau- 1950; Sphagesaurus montealtensis Andrade & Bertini, rusuchidae (e.g., Price 1945, Carvalho and Bertini 1999, 2008; Peirosaurus tormini Price, 1955; Itasuchus je- Campos et al. 2001), and in the Peirosauridae (e.g., Pri- suinoi Price, 1955; Mariliasuchus amarali Carvalho & ce 1955, Carvalho et al. 2004). The abundance of spec- Bertini, 1999; Mariliasuchus robustus Nobre, Carvalho, Proceedings of the Third Gondwanan Dinosaur Symposium Vasconcellos & Nava, 2007; Stratiotosuchus maxhechti Correspondence to: Diogenes de Almeida Campos Campos, Suarez, Riff & Kellner, 2001; Uberabasuchus E-mail: [email protected] An Acad Bras Cienc (2011) 83 (1) “main” — 2011/2/10 — 18:53 — page 318 — #2 318 DIOGENES A. CAMPOS et al. terrificus Carvalho, Ribeiro & Avilla, 2004; Adamanti- of Bauruemys elegans (Suárez, 1969) (Romano and nasuchus navae Nobre & Carvalho, 2006; Montealto- Azevedo 2007) that is by far the most abundant fossil suchus arrudacamposi Carvalho, Vasconcellos & Tava- in this region. This deposit is referred to the Presidente res, 2007; Armadillosuchus arrudai Marinho & Car- Prudente Formation. valho, 2009; and Morrinhosuchus luziae Iori & Carva- The paratype of Pepesuchus deiseae gen. et sp. lho, 2009. Other specimens currently under description nov. (MCT 1788-R) was donated to the Museu de Ciên- will further increase the diversity of these reptiles from cias da Terra (DNPM) by José Martin Suárez. No de- those deposits (e.g., Kellner and Campos 1999). tailed information about the provenance of this speci- A good number of species are taxonomically well men is available other that it was found in the Presidente supported, but there are some exceptions. The most Prudente – Pirapozinho region. Based on the sedimen- conspicuous one is Brasilosaurus pachecoi von Huene tary matrix where the material was preserved we believe 1931, based on fragmentary material that cannot be that it also came from the “Tartaruguito” site, an area diagnosed and is therefore regarded as nomen dubium where José Martin Suárez did most of his collecting. (Candeiro and Martinelli 2006). Other taxa are in need of careful examination, such as Baurusuchus salgado- SYSTEMATIC PALEONTOLOGY ensis and Mariliasuchus robustus that potentially could CROCODYLOMORPHA Walker 1970 represent Baurusuchus pachecoi and Mariliasuchus CROCODYLIFORMES Hay 1930 amarali, respectively. Uberabasuchus terrificus is an- MESOEUCROCODYLIA Whetstone and Whybrow 1983 other taxon whose validity has been questioned recently SEBECIA Larsson and Sues 2007 (Larsson and Sues 2007). PEIROSAURIDAE Gasparini 1982 Here we describe a new crocodyliform from the Upper Cretaceous deposits of the Presidente Prudente Pepesuchus gen. nov Formation (Bauru Group), Pepesuchus deiseae gen. et Etymology: In honor of the late Professor José Martin sp. nov. Based on two nearly complete skulls and lower Suárez (known by his colleagues as Pepe), the discov- jaws, the new species is referred to the Peirosauridae, erer and main fossil collector at the “Tartaruguito” out- as defined by Larsson and Sues (2007). crop. He led Llewellyn Ivor Price and one of the authors (DAC) to this site for the first time in 1969, from which GEOLOGICAL SETTING numerous specimens have been collected since then by The Bauru Group is a large cratonic depression devel- several institutions. Pepe assisted the Museu Nacional oped during the Upper Cretaceous in the central-south- team in several fieldworks including the one where the eastern portion of the South American Platform (Fer- type specimen (MN 7005-V) was recovered. He also nandes and Coimbra 1996) whose sedimentary rocks donated the paratype (MCT 1788-R) to the Museu de overly the basaltic lava flows of the Serra Geral Forma- Ciências da Terra, along with numerous specimens over tion (133Ma to 130Ma, Riccomini 1997). This group the years. is subdivided in several stratigraphic units whose age and distribution are still controversial (e.g., Soares et al. Type species: Pepesuchus deiseae gen. et sp. nov., type 1980, Fernandes and Coimbra 1996, 2000, Dias-Brito by monotypy. et al. 2001, Zaher et al. 2006). Diagnosis: The same as for the species. The holotype of Pepesuchus deiseae gen. et sp. nov. was discovered in an outcrop located near the Pepesuchus deiseae sp. nov. Km 736 of the old Sorocabana railroad, between the cities of Pirapozinho and Presidente Prudente (coordi- Holotype: Nearly complete skeleton with skull, lower nates 22◦13014.900S, 51◦25058.300W) (Bertini et al. 2006). jaw, sacral and caudal vertebrae, osteoderms and limb This site, informally called “Tartaruguito” (free transla- elements housed at the Museu Nacional/Universidade tion – rock made out of turtles), is also the type locality Federal do Rio de Janeiro under the number MN 7005-V. An Acad Bras Cienc (2011) 83 (1) “main” — 2011/2/10 — 18:53 — page 319 — #3 NEW CROCODYLIFORM FROM THE UPPER CRETACEOUS, BRAZIL 319 Paratype: A nearly complete skull and lower jaw likely are heavily ornamented with large and deep pits, while from the same locality of the holotype donated to the at the rostrum this ornamentation is less conspicuous Museu de Ciências da Terra – DNPM (MCT 1788-R) by (Figs. 1-3). The rostrum is slightly broad, has the dorsal José Martin Suárez. surface slightly concave and comprises about 65% of the total skull length. The anteriormost region of the snout Type Locality: “Tartaruguito” site, Km 736 of the old is pointed upward. Sorocabana railroad, between the cities of Pirapozinho The upper temporal fenestra has a sub-elliptical out- and Presidente Prudente (coordinates 22◦13014.900S, line and is formed by the parietal, squamosal, frontal, and 51◦25058.300W), state of São Paulo. postorbital. This opening is slightly smaller than the or-
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