AMERICAN FOREIGN SERVICE JOURNAL

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Photo by Flandrin, Gibraltar. THE ROCK OF GIBRALTAR

JULY, 1925 FEDERAL-AMERICAN NATIONAL BANK NOW IN COURSE OF CONSTRUCTION

IN WASHINGTON, D. C.

W. T. GALLIHER, Chairman of the Board JOHN POOLE, President

RESOURCES OVER $13,000,000.00 IHE

FOREIGN S

VOL. II. No. 7 WASHINGTON, I). C. JULY, 1915 The International Chamber of Commerce THE economic progress of the twentieth principal nations of the world who have real century made one thing obvious: A perma¬ business interests. At each new accomplishment nent meeting ground for the business inter¬ new members were attracted, and with each new ests of all nations must be found. International member the field of accomplishment was widened. Congresses of Chambers of Commerce were called So after six years there are represented 329 together at Liege in 1904, at Milan in 1905. at Chambers of Commerce, 50 trade associations, 22 Prague in 1908, at Boston in 1912, and finally at national associations of bankers, 367 individual Paris in 1914. Thus, spasmodically, leaders of hanks, 102 associations of industrials, 719 manu¬ finance, commerce and industry gathered together facturing concerns, 9 national organizations of to consider the vast and growing complex of shipowners. 55 individual shipping companies, and international business. After 1914 there is a 47 railway companies and transport enterprises. pause—for obvious reasons—and then again the This mixture of finance, industry and trade could commercial and trade interests of America acted not hut develop into a central point of contact for as host to representatives of business in Belgium, world business. A permanent headquarters at France, Great Britain, and Italy. This was in Paris, frequent council meetings, and a biennial 1919 at Atlantic City, and it marks the origin of general meeting keep the pot boiling and act as the International Chamber of Commerce. A year clearing houses of international business enquiries later the International Chamber was formed, and and information. it immediately undertook an analysis of the vast The machinery has been put together cautiously. economic adjustments which the war had made It was of prime necessity that the Chamber should necessary. keep to its own knitting. Political considerations The purpose of the Chamber is written in the were tabooed at the outset. But it was also neces¬ terms of its Constitution: “To facilitate the com¬ sary to keep itself free from the special interests mercial intercourse of countries, to secure har¬ of particular trades; and it must not encroach on mony of action on all international questions the functions of other existing institutions— affecting finance, industry and commerce, to en¬ either private or governmental. On the eve of courage progress and to promote peace and cordial the Chamber’s third biennial general meeting at relations among countries and their citizens by the Brussels in June of this year, it is pertinent to cooperation of business men and organizations enquire : How far it has realized its aim devoted to the development of commerce and “. . . to facilitate the commercial inter¬ industry.” course of countries . . .” ? It is now six years since this goal was set. The Chamber, starting with a modest membership, now One of the greatest obstacles to smooth inter¬ includes business representatives from the 36 national trade has been the absence of a forum in ?09 which disputes and differences could be aired and arbitration rules of the International Chamber settled. In order to relieve this situation the of Commerce) rendered by one or more arbi¬ International Chamber created a Court of Inter¬ trators nominated by the Court of Arbitration national Commercial Arbitration to function of the International Chamber. They agree, under the aegis of the Chamber’s permanent therefore, to accept and execute the decision organization. The plan was to develop inter¬ of the arbitrator or arbitrators.” nationally a system which had long and success¬ The Chamber had experts work out the exact fully been functioning in national business circles. meaning of trade terms such as C. I. F., F. O. B., The Court has two divisions: One of conciliation F. A. S., etc., in each trading country in the world. and the other of arbitration. Conciliation is car¬ These have been coni])iled and issued in book ried on in the administrative commission which is form, and plans are now under way for revision composed of permanent national representatives and enlargement. No trader need now contract attached to headquarters. It is an entirely in¬ with a foreigner and find out later that F. O. B. formal procedure in which both sides of a case meant one thing to him and something quite dif¬ are heard and an equitable solution is submitted ferent to his foreign customer. It was not the to the parties for their consideration and—it is intention of the compilation to provide further hoped—acceptance. But if the dispute is serious help than this, but it has lately been noted that and involved, actual arbitration has been found some international contracts have specified that the most effective method of procedure. In arbi¬ the “definition of the International Chamber” tration special arbiters are appointed, and the case shall lie final in case of dispute. is tried usually at a minimum of expense and with the greatest possible speed. Parties must Flag discrimination is usually accepted in submit voluntarily, but in so doing they hind them¬ coastal trade. But it is an open question whether selves to accept the award. So far the Court has a nation should discriminate in the matter of tariff done well. Out of 92 disputes submitted 36 were rates, port charges, etc., in favor of its own ships expeditiously settled. engaged exclusively in Of these only a small international trade. The number came to actual International Chamber hearing, the parties mu¬ went into this problem tually resolving their thoroughly. Experts in difficulties at the simple all member countries intervention of the prepared elaborate re¬ Court. At the moment ports on the subject—- 12 cases are pending. each from the point of Of the 44 cases in view of his own coun¬ which the Court was try—and at the general unable to bring about meeting at Rome in much-needed relief, the March, 1923, these re¬ main trouble was the ports were sifted and absence of an arbitra¬ compiled. At Brussels tion clause in the busi¬ this year the position ness contract disputed. will be reviewed again A model clause has now in the light of the two been drawn up which intervening years of ex¬ will effectively abolish perience. If final agree¬ this obstacle if inserted ment can be reached, a in contracts: uniform principle will “For the settlement lie urged upon all na¬ of all disputes in con¬ tions which desire to nection with the in¬ foster international terpretation or the commerce. execution of this con¬ IlUnited States has had phenomenal growth in settled problem of war reparations was a black motor transportation and highway development cloud on the horizon. Not only was economic and has learned by bitter experience that there are rehabilitation greatly hindered but peace itself “don’ts” as well as “do’s.” Accordingly, the auto¬ was menaced. Economists and business men of motive and highway interests of the country have the world alike agreed that a solution was indis¬ prepared a report on American experience which pensable. The opinion of economists was filtered it will offer to the nations of the world headed in through the conferences at Brussels and Genoa the direction of motor transport development. and was found to correspond with the opinion of On the other hand, Europe has much it can teach business men as expressed at the International the United States on the subject of commercial Chamber meetings at London and Paris and aviation. The subject has, therefore, been put on finally in 1923 at Rome. It was then that govern¬ the Brussels agenda for discussion. ments called upon these interests to help find a The supply of certain basic raw materials must (Continued on page 242)

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Photo by Schultz THE NEW HOME OF TFIE UNITED STATES CHAMBER OF COMMERCE Washington, D. C., corner of Connecticut Avenue and H Street 212 Japan Fifty-five Years Ago

By CHARLES O. SHEPARD First American Consul at Yedo (now Tokyo), Consul at Yokohama arid Acting Minister (Charge d’Affaires) in Japan successively from 1868 to 1874 [Reprinted from “Japan,” San Francisco] EIGHTY-THREE years is rather an ad¬ the Mikado’s person. He was behind a screen and vanced, and perhaps a risky, age for a man only through a small opening at the foot could his to undertake historical narrative, especially garments be observed. That he was there in per¬ when memory must he considerably relied upon; son the foreign ministers were obliged to take but, despite the garrulity supposed to be synchro¬ upon credit. nistic with four-score and three, 1 am constrained After a judicious delay the Emperor began to to try to tell of certain events that transpired in appear in public, to review his army, to visit his Japan from 1868 to 1874 because I believe no nten-of-war, and to go alxtut among his people. one now lives, either of the consular or diplomatic He was kind and unassuming. He developed, as sendees of the United States, or of any other did his gracious Consort, qualities of head and country, who zvas contemporaneous zmth me and heart which endeared them to their idolizing sub¬ can tell the story. jects and gained for the Mikado the respect and To “hark back’’ 55 years is a far cry, but: admiration of all countries. I was present at the opening of the first railway Up to 1868 he was a recluse and an absolute in Japan—Yokohama to Tokyo. monarch; but he speedily developed into a pater¬ I saw the first Japanese regiment under foreign nal, an enlightened and a liberal ruler. In a noble formation. and memorable edict he volunteered a constitu¬ I saw the first naval ship built in Japan. tional government, but at the same time wisely I saw the establishment of the first post office took from the feudal princes their power and their in Japan. territory, compensating them, however, with rank I saw the first gold coins issued from the and revenue. Japanese mint. By a stroke of the pen and of his own innate I saw the first Japanese newspaper. goodness he raised a pariah class—the “eta”— 1 saw the establishment of the first hank in from proscription to equality. Formerly doomed Japan. to degrading services and the working with the I saw the first ricksha. skins of dead animals—the most For these reasons I know despised in Japan of all work—- whereof I speak. he lifted them to the sunlight of I arrived in Japan after the manhood. close of the rebellion of the four This act of the young monarch princes, or Daimyos, against the may justly rank with the liberat¬ Tycoon. In 1869 the Mikado ing of the serfs by the Czar of came from Kyoto to Yedo, and Russia, and the freeing of the the name of the latter city was slaves by Abraham Lincoln. No changed to Tokyo. In 1870 it more glorious ruler ever lived agreed by those responsible for than the Mikado, Mutsuhito. the Mikado that sooner or later He was one of the wonders of he must show himself; but his the world. advisers properly insisted upon * * * * * delay to accustom the people to To American students of Jap¬ the change. anese-American history, the name Time was given, but finally the A-sa-bu no Zempf-ku-ji (mean¬ first presentation of the foreign ing the temple of Zempf-ku-ji in ministers to the Mikado was de¬ the district of A-sa-bu) is a termined upon and took place at classic and has been a mecca for the Palace of Tokyo, at which Courtesy of “Japan” American travelers. It was an presentation nothing was seen of MR. SHEPARD IN 1870 ancient Buddhist temple and was 213 the American Legation from the time of our first duties to my own and to the Japanese Govern¬ Minister, Townsend Harris, until the doing away ment, to which I am accredited, are here, and here with extraterritoriality in the nineties. The Min¬ 1 stay." And he did stay. His Legation was at ister did not live in the temple itself, but in a one time attacked and he was assaulted. His rambling Japanese building attached to it, origi¬ secretary was killed, but he appointed another nally built for the priests. secretary and “held the fort.” Townsend Harris was a great and a good man. The particulars of the attack upon Minister His despatch book was my diplomatic bible. I Harris I never knew, but a few years later read his papers for my official guidance, and they another United States official (the writer) was never failed me. destined to experience a like ordeal and on the Eminently loyal to his own Government, he was same spot. at the same time the greatest, the most unselfish, The Minister was accredited to Japan in gen¬ and the best friend and adviser of the Japanese. eral. but I was accredited to Yedo alone. He That Government was in the swaddling clothes of could live where he liked in the Empire, but I a new civilization. Its officials came to trust him must live in Yedo, willy nilly. I asked him (the absolutely, as they never did, or have, trusted third Minister from Harris) if I might make my another man. They have raised a monument to Consulate at the Legation building (Zempf-ku-ji). him and they revere his memory. He consented (as he himself judiciously lived in As treaties with other countries were made, and Yokohama), and I there took up my quarters sur¬ as their Ministers arrived, they were each as¬ rounded bv a Japanese guard of 25 men. signed a temple for Legation purposes. I had to take my chances. “Chances” I had The hatred of foreigners and their presence become more or less intimately acquainted with was so general and so intense that the Tycoon’s during the Civil War, hence the situation had a disbanded followers could not be controlled, and familiar, if not attractive, aspect. Isolated and they indulged in the as¬ alone as I was, the con¬ sassination of the “for¬ tinual rumors of attack eign devils” when safe and constant threats of opportunity presented it¬ assassination were hardly self in the hope of driv¬ calculated to put me in ing them away. All the seventh heaven of Legations were heavily security. I could “stand guarded by Japanese sol¬ by the ship,” or I could diers, but so suspected “turn tail” and be every¬ and inefficient were they where branded as a pol¬ that the British and troon. Not only my own French governments im¬ honor but the honor of ported their own troops my family was at stake to protect their Ministers and no American would when at home or visiting have hesitated. Pride the Foreign Office in has kept many a man up Yedo. to the mark. It was con¬ So “fed up” were the stantly—would I please foreign Ministers with refrain from going out the prospect of extinction after dark? Would I by the “murder route” graciously not go out on that they had long before holidays? Would I taken themselves off to please keep to the quiet safer precincts in the streets, etc.? Such were foreign settlement of the reassuring messages Y okohama, which was coming to me continually guarded by the English from the Governor of and French marines, and Tokyo. there established them¬ When I walked or selves. Townsend Har¬ rode out it was in a ris alone refused to Courtesy of “Japan” hollow square. Once a budge. He said: “My MR. SLIEPARD TODAY fanatic dove between my 214 guards and made a slash at me. I caught a As a precaution I kept an oil lamp burning in glimpse of him and stuck the spurs into my pony. my sitting-room during the nights. He jumped and the man missed me, but he laid The night of March 28, 1870, 1 retired at the my pony’s flank open. customary hour, and, sitting on my bed, kicked Among a certain class—the Tycoon’s dismissed off my boots three or four feet away as 1 retainers—there was still a lingering hope of the took them off, so that the servant might take them elimination of foreigners. as usual for cleaning. To sleep I went in due One morning in January, 1870, I found stuck time, and the next thing 1 remember was a sound on my house shutters a hit of Japanese paper on near my bed as of someone tripping over my boots. which was written in exceedingly had English this One idea being continually uppermost in my mind. terse advise: “Forner piggy” (“piggy” being a I instinctively jumped to the opposite side of my mongrel word for “get out”). I laughed at the bed, calling out, “Who’s there ?” warning in a funereal sort of way, as I did at the I could just see the dim outline of a figure every-day murmurs of plots and intrigues; but retiring and dropping behind the screen. How I all the same I felt very uncomfortable. got the navy revolver from the stand I do not With an eye to business, the Remington Com¬ know, nor why I followed the intruder, but I did pany had, upon my leaving for Japan, presented so just in time to get a glimpse of him going out me with a modest arsenal—a navy revolver, an of a door. ordinary revolver, a carbine and a liberal supply As I sprang after him I stumbled over a cane of ammunition. I slept with the smaller revolver stand and fell full length into the side corridor, under my pillow, the navy revolver on a stand at recovering myself in time to see a figure turning the head of my bed, and the carbine in a corner. (Continued, on page 238)

Courtesy of “Japan” Ceremony by the Mikado and the Diplomatic Corps at the opening of the first railroad in Japan, between Tokyo and Yokohama 215 The Genoa Consulate—1797-1925

By JOHN BALL OSBORNE, Consul, Genoa GENOA is among our most venerable con¬ pendence of Genoa, all the privileges and tradi¬ sular establishments, dating from 1797 in tions of centuries being swept away and works of the administration of President Adams. art, including the famous Golden Book with its According to the Department’s list, I am the glorious record of 270 years, l)eing destroyed in thirty-third incumbent; but several names in this the name of liberty. do not figure in the records of the office and During the French regime Consul Peter Kuhn. doubtless these appointees never accepted and Jr., of Pennsylvania, got into difficulties with the qualified. This is true of the first Consul—Mr. local authorities and was actually imprisoned. Francis Childs, of New York, who was appointed The Consulate was entered by the police and they February 27, 1797. The first Consul who served carried off important records, some of which, was Mr. Frederic H. Wollaston, of Massachu¬ including the correspondence of Consul Kuhn setts, appointed July 10, 1797. himself, were apparently never recovered. The earliest record book in the Consulate Gen¬ From the time of Columbus, Genoa has been eral is a parchment-bound register covering the steeped in the flavor of the sea. From the day period 1798 to 1822 and designated as follows on the American Consulate was first opened for the title page: business in 1798 until now, when the port is the “Register of Acts passed in the Consulate foremost of Italy and crowding Marseille closely of the United States of North America by for the primacy of the Mediterranean, there has and before me, Frederic Hyde Wollaston, been an unbroken procession of American masters appointed to the said Consulate by commis¬ and seamen among the clients of the office. sion of H. E. John Adams, Esq., President In the line of my numerous predecessors from of the said United States, dated the 10 [uly, 1797 there are a few who have had notably long 1797.” service, notwithstanding the precarious tenure under the old system of rotation in office at each Consul Wollaston came on the scene in an change of the party in power. As exceptions to unhappy moment in Genoa’s proud history. The the rule of brief tenure may be cited Commercial establishment of the democratic Ligurian Republic Agent Thomas H. Storm, of New York, from in 1797, in feeble imitation of the French Repub¬ 1808 to 1818, 10 years; Consul Robert Campbell, lic, marked really the disappearance of the inde¬ of Genoa, from 1822 to 1834 and again from

Photograph by Hon. J. C. Grew THE GENOA HARBOR 216 1837 to 1839, 14 years; Consul O. M. Spencer, “April 12, 1805. of Iowa, 1866 to 1878, 12 years; and Consul “I, Frederick Hyde Wollaston, acting James F. Fletcher, of Iowa, 1883 to 1901, 18 Consul for the United States of Amca, do years. hereby certify that Mr. Joseph Walsh of this Apropos of Consul Fletcher, who is buried in City has acted and done the Duty of Vice the monumental cemetery of Staglieno at Genoa, Consul in the Consulate of said States in soon after I arrived at this post I went with my Genoa to my entire satisfaction in every wife to visit Staglieno and asked the guide to respect from the time of his appointment on conduct me to the tomb of the American Consul. the 20th febuy 1800 to this day and that he He inquired, “Which American Consul?” for, said has constantly & very deservedly reaped the he, “There is a section devoted to the American praise of all the American Gentlemen, mas¬ Consuls.” This startling information recalled to ters of vessels & seamen & also of all other me the authentic story of the American Consul in persons who have had occasion for his assist¬ an unhealthful Venezuelan port who managed to ance. J therefore willingly give him this hold the fort against all comers during many Public Testimony of my sincere gratitude for administrations by his ingenious method of scaring his aid and assistance & services in executing away each new Consul sent to succeed him. He the Duty of Vice Consul with honor to him¬ told him dreadful stories of pestilence and sudden self & to his office, from which I certainly death, showed him a room full of empty coffins, should not remove him if I retained the Con¬ staged fake funerals in front of the consular sulship for the United States in this Port.” office, and personally conducted him to a well- “Witness my hand & the seal of the Con¬ filled graveyard, so that the new arrival invariably sulate of the Un : States of America in Genoa resigned forthwith his appointment and returned this 12 April 1805. to the United States on the steamer that had “FREDC: H. WOLLASTON.” brought him. But the case of Genoa is not anal¬ ogous, since I found that Consul Fletcher is really In the long line of Vice Consuls from 1805 to the only American Consul buried in the local the present time there is no one who has served cemetery. longer and better than Mr. Angelo Boragino, who Following Consul Fletcher came Consul has been connected with this office since 1900, or Richard Pearson, of North Carolina; Consul a record of 25 years of painstaking and indus¬ William H. Bishop, of Connecticut; Consul James trious service. Every one of his numerous chiefs Jeffrey Roche, of Massachusetts; Consul David has praised him, and I gladly join the procession. R. Birch, of Pennsylvania; Consul General James At every consular office where I have served I A. Smith, of Vermont, from 1908 to 1913; Consul have found some feature of the work better done General John Edward Jones, of the District of (Continued on page 234) Columbia, from 1913 to 1915, and Consul General David F. Wilber, of New York, a former member of Congress, who admin¬ istered this office from 1915 to 1921. Until a comparatively recent date there was only one Vice Consul at Genoa. Away hack in 1805 the first actual Con¬ sul, Mr. Frederic H. Wollaston, left on the records, under date of April 12, the following beautiful testimonial in behalf of Mr. Joseph Walsh, who was Vice Consul at Genoa from Photo from. J. B. Osborne 1800 to 1805: THE BALCONY OF THE CONSULATE GENERAL, GENOA 217 A Consular Garden

By MAURICE P. DUNLAP, Consul, Port-au-Prince THERE is a plot of ground, perhaps 60 by \ ine was the contribution of the secretary-manager 16 feet, running back of the consular build¬ of the American Chamber of Commerce. Today ing at Port-au-Prince and surrounded by a it is a mass of those pink spray-like blossoms so high wall. Piles of rubbish among unkempt attractively named in many lands: Here, la belle masses of weeds harbored breeding places for the Mexicaine; in Jamaica, coraline; in Manila, malarial moustique—which stings as effectively in codetta dc amor; and elsewhere, the “Pride of French as in English—until $12.05 was spent with India and “Chinese lantern.” the permission of the Department on “one mason Other visitors seeing improvements in the com¬ and several laborers to clean up consular com¬ pound offered to make other contributions. A pound. Then, presto! A garden bloomed with stockholder in a fruit company thought the wall neat walk and drainage for tropical showers, old offered a good shelter for papaya trees and kindly iron-scrap carted away and surplus rocks made donated several small trees. One of them is now into a “rockery" for ferns and cactus plants. over 6 feet high, and as it turned out to be a Here members of visiting Chambers of Commerce mama-ya —to quote one expert—a good crop of can now be shown commercially valuable plant i ruit is expected as well as future generations of products of Haiti, the extra children of some this interesting tree family. member of the occupation may be turned loose A rubber expert of the United States Depart¬ while the parent registers a new one; army trans¬ ment of Agriculture found the soil rather rich in port ladies may be shown orchids while their hus¬ hme but suggested that several varieties of rubber bands are given other information; ship captains slips be tried m the consular garden. They were may be parked while documents are being handled accordingly put in under small wooden shelters and Congressmen from southern states may scent and the Consul was supplied with the long, com¬ mint beds rivaling Kentucky’s best. plicated names of each variety, which he was Only 10 months ago the expenditure of twelve almost tempted to enter into 'the miscellaneous dollars and five cents ($12.05) was approved by record book. Before the entries were made, how¬ the Department; now once bare walls are hung ever, two of the slips began to pine for their native with flowering vines as though they had never habitats (being strangers to Haiti) and finally been otherwise. The vines, of course, did not three of them died. The fourth, however, is fair come out of the appropriation. The latter was and flourishing, and the Consul, being an opti¬ spent in about a week’s time on cheap native labor mist, hopes that maybe even balloon tires or other that did the cleaning up and arranged and ce¬ commercially valuable rubber products may be mented the old bricks into walk and drain. The found some morning hanging from its branches. Along came Dr. Erik Ekman, Swedish botanical expert; he brought letters from American scientists to the Consul, called for his mail, explained his intention of studying some of Haiti’s unusual flora—and in talking glanced out into the garden. “That might he a good place to try some orchids,” sug¬ gested Dr. Ekman, pointing to the spreading mango tree. “And you might plant some cacti on the rockery.” Later wTien the doc¬ tor returned from a tramp into the wilds, he had an armful of orchids which he fastened to the mango tree, and as that provided in¬ sufficient room, the doctor himself made an orchid rack with pieces of timber fastened between the tree and the wall. He showed the messenger how to fashion orchid “has- Photo by M. P. Dunlap kets out of hollow gourdes, he made a tour BEFORE into the mountains to collect Spanish moss to 218 rpre^MERICANpOREIGNgERVICE JOURNAL put in the orchid baskets. Since his first visit the ion, and there are many surprises. Introduced doctor has been away for periods of days or with the roots of other plants, strange sprouts weeks, but every time he returns with interesting spring up that have evolved into a variety of un¬ specimens which he sends to Sweden, Germany or expected plants from tomatoes to royal palms. the United States, and there is always an addition The first royal palm was greeted with much joy to the consular compound at Port-au-Prince. A by the consular force who at once visualized por¬ strange family of cacti now adorn the rockery. tions of that rare salad that is made only from the The doctor has much to say about cacti—they have delicate “heart of palm” (served with tea after almost human attributes. One is a “noble cactus” hours on the greensward!), but, alas, the little and harms nobody; others are sly, vicious or in¬ royal guests, once sprouted, hardly grow an triguing; one is even said to shoot its spines at inch in six months—and those salads are at you—and you will believe it does if you come least 20 or 30 feet away, according to present within touching distance. reckoning. The American consular quarters at Port-au- The garden has proven of particular value—- Prince are not large—sometimes the office seems from a standpoint of efficiency—during the “win¬ fairly choked with visitors, and those are the ter” season when a big liner doing a Caribbean or moments when the garden is most pleasingly South American tour has suddenly landed quan¬ psychological. There are perhaps two equally tities of tourists in our midst. The Consulate is important visitors on equally important errands conveniently located at the end of the one pier. demanding the Consul’s attention at the same The route from the end of the quay is a long and time. 1 f one of them is a lady, it is a pleasant hot one and has to be covered d pied. Conse¬ duty for the Consul to suggest, “Do come out and quently the Consulate offers a most comfortable see the new lily,” and while milady inhales a little haven to sun-parched passengers who grate¬ fragrant blossom the other important visitor may fully inhale the cool freshness of the garden. be expedited. On special occasions discreet (Not all the sun-parched people arrive, however, bouquets of posies may be plucked and presented. as there are little cafes along the way offering a A long, luscious stem of fragrant mint has at cool freshness all their own.) times been particularly effective, Congressmen, “Now what did you say this island was ?” pants Panama school teachers, children and even one an elderly person who has not had time to collect Governor have munched mangoes under our spreading mango tree. The wife of a director of a steamship line thought that violets should grow along the walk—and she very kindly contributed some. The wife of the director of the electric light plant suggested new ferns for the rockery and a poinsetta. They mate¬ rialized shortly after from her garden. Everlasting flowers came from the Agricultural Farm; an almond tree, plants with colored foliage, tube roses, roses—crepe myrtle—all thrive today in the little compound. Under the favorable conditions of Haiti’s eter¬ Photo by M. P. Dunlap nal summer plants may AFTER grow in a miraculous fash¬ The Gourd vine, La Belle Mexicaine, four months’ grou'th 219 r rfHE^MERICANpOKEIGN gERVICE JOURNAL her wits and has visited four different ports in as hand, the name of any plant may be quite glibly many days. produced in one or more languages, but during “Why, this is Haiti,” it is explained. the absence of the botanist on long up-country “Oh, that little spot that belongs to Venezuela!” tours, the Consul has often been at a loss in she exclaims with bright eyes. finding the right name for some friendly little West Indian geography is really difficult, and flower. Several times in despair we have fallen it is no wonder that the newcomer is at first con¬ back on the device suggested in the novel of fused ; we all are more or less on first arrival. “Madame Claire” where the heroine calls her Every now and then someone calls this gem of plants after diseases. the West Indies Tahiti. Just a slip of the tongue, “That is a climbing laryngitis,” it has been of course. One gentleman, waxing eloquent, casually explained when somebody asked about a called it Haytia—to rhyme with Asia. But that throaty-looking parasite vine. Such a remark has was on a big veranda with a view of sparkling proved as productive of discussion as a cross-word sea, mountains and palm trees and tinkling ice in puzzle. One visitor found that certain pale white tinted glasses. Nobody ever called it Haytia in blossoms growing in a damp spot might well be our consular garden! I think it was a society called “malarias.” Our big canna lilies have been matron from Nebraska who was also a little dazed dubbed “spotted fevers.” Other floral varieties in her geography after a rather hectic West Indian have been rechristened “nostalgias,” “locomotor- tour. She was visiting the American school— ataxias,” “pneumonias,” “erysipelas,” with any among other sights. number of quaint names for the cacti. Fortu¬ “Why,” said she in surprise, “how well man¬ nately, disagreeable diseases, however intriguingly nered the little Hawaiian children seem.” named, are no longer really products of the con¬ “Oh,” answered the American teacher sweetly, sular compound. As a final swat at the moustique, “These are not native children. They are little a sanitary officer has introduced fish into the well American boys and girls.” by the garden wall and incipient larvae are sum¬ The society matron again surveyed them care¬ marily exterminated, fish-wise. fully through her lorgnette and said, “How inter¬ So. fellow colleague, if your storm-swept ship esting !” is blown from its course and your captain sud¬ You may imagine that we sometimes have diffi¬ denly plots a latitude and longitude that proves culty in finding names for all the strange flora in you to he in our vicinity, don’t hesitate to advise the consular garden. When the botanist is on him to steam into port. Foot it gaily down the long sun-soaked pier, for relief will be in sight when you reach the consular garden. Come and study the commer¬ cial possibilities of tropical plant life. Or if too sun parched to study, smell the mint. Eat a papaya; its pepsin flavor will prepare you for the rigors and delights of a deliberately served French dejeuner-tout complete in a cool cafe around the corner. You may even be moved to the extravagances of the poet who mixed drinks and metaphor as he cried: ‘Oh, Haytia, little sea-girt Photo by M. P. Dunlap isle, AFTER Gem of the West Indies— The flower bed and orchids how vou make me smile !’’ 220 THE United States Vice Consul James E. Coast Guard Cut¬ Parks, in charge at Car¬ ter “Tampa,” for¬ diff, Wales, obtained merly the “Miami,” the plate and forwarded while patrolling in Eu¬ it to Washington. The ropean waters during Department turned it the World War, was over to the Coast Guard sunk by an enemy sub¬ which has had the plate marine on September mounted with a suitable 26, 1918. The vessel inscription, and placed was lost with its entire in the Coast Guard complement of 115 offi¬ Headquarters on Four¬ cers and men. With one excep¬ teenth St.. Washington, D. C. tion, the sinking of the Tampa RtMEMBKH THE TAMPA! r Rrff 8*». ' was the largest individual loss • iftt.b 14 1924. «M int sustained by the United States STRANGE IN¬ Naval forces during the World intvmtn 26. 1918. if | DEED! War. Nothing was ever heard of the wreck until a piece of Dear Mr. Consul: wood, about 5 feet long and 4 I have a very strange request to 5 inches wide, painted grey, to make of you. I don’t sup¬ apparently a piece of a stern Underwood and Underwood pose you ever received such a post belonging to a small boat, strange request before. How¬ was found at highwater mark at Rest Bay, Porth- ever strange you may think my request is I hope cawl, England, on the Bristol Channel, on April that you will be able to comply with it. I hesi¬ 14. 1924, by a boy named John Rircon, the son of tate to ask you to do such a peculiar thing but J. Rircon, a member of the British Coast Guard. you see, Mr. Consul, my little boy is making a Porthcawl, South Wales. Attached to the piece of collection of postage stamps and the idea oc¬ wood was a brass plate marked “U. S. Coast curred to me that you might be willing to send Guard Boat, No. 718.” The boy detached the me some cancelled stamps from your country, plate and left the timber on the beach. etc., etc., etc.

Photo from United States Coast Guard THE UNITED STATES COAST GUARD CUTTER TAMPA 221 “ASCERTAIN DISCREETLY the quaint town we passed through the old gate, due note of our departure being made on the slate AND REPORT PROMPTLY” by Portuguese negro troops. Now we were in China proper. A bit more tramping and we By LEROY WEBBER, Consul, Amoy passed the Chinese Maritime Customs Station—- “You are instructed to proceed to ‘Blank Blank’ the English guard wishing us good luck. to investigate and report.” After passing along the roads at a merry pace 1 repeated this to the native Chinese clerk and for twelve miles—incidentally we also passed hurried back to the hotel, packed my bags—one through one of those rain storms peculiar to this with clothes and the other with necessary papers part of the world, and 1 knew afterwards it had and working tools. My interpreter was already rained, as did poor Mr. Interpreter, whose trous¬ waiting for me upon my return to the Consulate ers were acting as rain conductors—pace slack¬ General that afternoon, so we left the beautiful ened, a quick halt and I find mvself facing two City of the East on one of those delight¬ Chinese soldiers, all dressed up in Japanese grey ful Chinese coastal steamers, nowadays fitted khaki, German rifles, Chinese sandals and straw up with iron grills, steel bars and about 25 armed hats. Ushered quickly into the presence of the Indian guards as protection against pirates—a “All Highest" for the district, exchanged cups of most cheerful beginning. An officer informed me tea, a few English words and then the interpreter that only a short time ago the same vessel had began. We learned our destination was 28 miles been captured and looted, passengers as well as away through a very bad country—excellent from cargo, and to add to our cheerfulness, he lifted the bandits’ standpoint. I asked whether a guard his white tunic and displayed a most beautiful was necessary, if so I'd appreciate two. Reply— ammunition belt, flanked on both sides with more than necessary—and at least 10 required. glistening automatics. Eight, I suppose, to protect the two I requested. It was a delightful four hour sail to the grand After another cup of Chinese tea in this ancient old Portuguese settlement of Macao, forty miles house of ancestral worship, now converted into from our new home. There we saw the sights military headquarters, we started off, 10 guards and turned in. As a nightcap, the hotel proprie¬ behind and two 'rickshas in front, until I suggested tor told us we were going into “Bad Lands” and we get in the middle; if there was to be any trou¬ would require a military escort. Pleasant dreams, ble, I wanted to be in the center of it, and I’m not interrupted by the ancient pests of the South Irish. Now I realized I was in China in queer China coast—mosquitoes and roaches—daybreak times, and judging from the laughter, smiles and -—and we were ready. Package of sandwiches looks of awe we caused, I thought Barnum had and a bottle of water, papers, and away we missed a chance—the soldiers decided every now started in two ’rickshas. After rambling through and then to change carrying positions of their rifles, so frequently that at times 1 began to wonder whether they were aware of their deadly contents. Over hill and down dale we went until we halted at a pictur¬ esque Chinese village—now 22 miles from the point of our departure and it was high noon. Here the soldiers cried quits—10 miles were enough for them—despite the fact that the military pass issued to us by their commander stated we were to l)e accom¬ panied to our destination and afforded all protection, etc., etc. We were now politeh informed they wanted to eat Photo by G. Atchemn, Jr. an(J ] WQuId pave to pay {or A STREET IN CHINA it, so discretion having the 222 better part of valor, I did (and Uncle’ Sam after¬ I just felt fit to do anything; however, “He who wards). High noon and eighteen miles more to goes wisely and slowly goes a long way,” as the go—and this was supposed to be the most danger¬ Sicilians say—I asked for the Number One of the ous part of the trip—war council—and I decided for the interpreter that we would go. village—sorry—he was out attending the cows— We got off again. After being “squeezed” by Number Two was then produced—a few whispers the only two Chinese chair coolies who said they and we were ushered into a fly infested room, and would accompany us (the rest said the journey these poor but hospitable people offered us every¬ was too long and it was too late to start)—this thing they had in the food line—but my appetite time I on foot—first four miles in about an hour had left me at the village gate. A few brief state¬ —over a good path paved with flat stones—then ments as regards our mission, production of wit¬ a brief ride on a Chinese junk ferry—pulled across by the old rope method; more walking; and after two hours I voted for a stop for food and drink. Fortunately we secured a delightful shady spot alongside an old stone bridge—beneath which in the Photo by G. Atcheson, Jr. stream below water buffaloes were enjoying their daily im¬ RIVER AND HILLS mersion, being firmly secured to the stakes driven in along the banks, the few nesses and signing of affidavits—and we had Chinese kiddies looking after them thought we accomplished what we set out to do. were more interesting—so they joined our com¬ Now for the homeward journey—it was already pany, but not in food—for alas—the boy had only past 4 P. M., and the sun was due to set at 6.30 put in two sandwiches—and we had another 10 P. M.—all the village turned out en masse to look miles to go and back. Now I decided for the one us over and bid us Godspeed through this peace¬ chair, turning Mr. Interpreter out, and off we ful land. Here we were in a dilemma; coolies were, next stop six miles away, through rice pad¬ were tired—and we both must walk, so they led dies—old fashioned countryside—till we arrived the way and we followed—same old paddies full at a Chinese temple. Here we had tea—set off a of mudholes—then up and down hills (we call few packages of firecrackers for good “joss”-—a them mountains in America). Tired, footsore and little “cumshaw” for the (Continued, on page 231) caretakers and we are on to the final lap of the outward trip—our destination was visible away across the low- lying rice fields. We finally arrive in state—up the main road through squealing pigs, chickens and dogs, the in¬ terpreter leading the way— the natives had never seen a white man before. And, as I was immediately in¬ formed, the village had had a visit from burglars a few weeks before, they would not let me advance or give me any information until I stated who I was and the nature of my mission. Af¬ ter being forced to think Photo by G. Atcheson, Jr. rapidly under a boiling sun, ALONG THE RIVER BANK 223 THE BIRTHS A daughter, Edith Mary, was born at Cape FOREIGN SElMip? JOURNAL Haitien on February 20,1925, to Consul and Mrs. Winthrop R. Scott. |{7V°I. II JULY. 1925 No.~Tj A daughter, Mary Louise Ruth, was born on PUBLISHED MONTHLY BY AMERICAN FOREIGN March 19, 1925, at Paris, France, to Diplomatic SERVICE ASSOCIATION, WASHINGTON, D. C. Secretary and Mrs. Hugh Millard. The American Foreign Service Journal ia published monthly by the American Foreign Service Association, and is distributed by the Association to its members gratis. The Journal is also A daughter, Muriel Frances, was born on April open to private subscription in the United States and abroad at the rate of $4.00 a year, or S5 cents a copy, payable to the 30, 1925, at Geneva, Switzerland, to Vice Consul American Foreign Service Journal, care Department of State, Washington, D. C. and Mrs. Franklin B. Atwood. The purposes of the Journal are (1) to serve as an exchange among American Foreign Service officers for personal news and A daughter, Martha Marjorie, was born on for information and opinions respecting the proper discharge of their functions, and to keep them in touch with business and May 12, 1925, at Detroit, to Consul and Mrs. administrative developments which are of moment to them; and (t) to disseminate information respecting the work of the Marshall M. Vance. Foreign Service among interested persons in the United States, including business men and others having interests abroad, and young men who may be considering the Foreign Service as a career. COMMERCIAL Propaganda and articles of a tendentious nature, especially such as might be aimed to influence legislative, executive or During the month of May, 1925, there were administrative action with respect to the Foreign Service, or the Department of State, are rigidly excluded from its columns. 3,195 trade letters transmitted to the Department Contributions should be addressed to the American Foreign Service Journal, care Department of State, Washington, D. C. as against 3,586 in April, 1925. The Consulate Copyright, 1925, by the American Foreign Service Association General at Paris, France, took first place in the number of trade letters submitted, having 83, CONTENTS followed by Rio de Janeiro, 67; London, England, 59; Habana, Cuba, 49, and Buenos Aires, 39. PAGE A total of 2,231 reports were received during THE INTERNATIONAL CHAMBER OF COM¬ the month of May, 1925, as compared with 2,020 MERCE 209 reports during the month of April, 1925. JAPAN FIFTY-FIVE YEARS AGO—By Charles O. Shepard 213 IS THE WRITER LITERATE? THE GENOA CONSULATE—1797-1925—By John Ball Osborne 216 From R. F. BOYCE, Hamilton American Consular, H : A CONSULAR GARDEN—By Maurice P. Dunlap 218 Agat your lettere feu day go, I onderstand Hall it aboot—complete answer for may aplecution to “ASCERTAIN DISCREETLY AND REPORT go to the United States. Please will sent to me PROMPTLY”—By Leroy Webber 222 one paper for, same one you give to me to Ham¬ BIRTHS 224 ilton. The one I had to holld. I am your COMMERCIAL 224 truly Is THE WRITER LITERATE? 224

ITEMS 225 Facetious consular clerk to small son of visa NECROLOGY 229 applicant: “What are you going to be when you SONG OF THE CONSULAR SERVICE—By grow up, sonny?” George Horton 230 Sonny’s mother: “I believe I’ll put him in the Consular Service if he persists in asking as many MARRIAGES 231 questions as lie does now.”-—From H. S. Tewell, SERVICE CHANGES 232 Vancouver. 224 ROBERT EDWIN OLDS has been ap¬ Mr. Charles C. Hart, has been appointed Min¬ pointed Assistant Secretary of State to fill ister to Albania. Mr. Hart was born in Indiana, the vacancy caused by the appointment of in 1875, and was a newspaperman and editor in Mr. MacMurray as minister to China. Mr. Olds San Francisco, Indianapolis and Spokane until is at present in Europe representing the United 1910, when he came to Washington as correspond¬ States as the American member of the British- ent for the Spokane Spokesman-Review. He was American joint arbitration tribunal created under engaged in newspaper and political work until his the treaty with Great Britain in 1910. He will appointment. assume his new duties about October 1. Mr. Olds was born in Duluth, Minn., in 1875; General Enoch H. Crowder, Ambassador to was a graduate of Harvard College in 1897; of Cuba, underwent a slight operation at Walter Harvard law school in 1900. He practiced law in Reed Hospital, Washington. St. Paul. He was designated to represent the American Red Cross in Europe with headquarters The Undersecretary of State and Mrs. Joseph at Paris during the last year of the war, and later C. Grew gave an informal garden party at Beau¬ was head of the Red Cross for three years. voir, Woodley Road, on the afternoon of June 8

PROMOTED! 225 to the entire personnel of the State Department. The next Foreign Service examination will be So sheltered are the grounds close to the man¬ held in Washington on July 6 and succeeding sion that, despite the showers, the visitors were dates. To date 160 candidates have been desig¬ able to promenade and sit on the lawn which nated to take this examination. commands an extensive view of the city below. Diplomatic Secretary Franklin M. Gunther, Mrs. Carlton Bailey Hurst, wife of Consul Gen¬ Chief of the Mexican Division of the Department, eral Hurst, Habana, recently visited the Depart¬ and Mrs. Gunther are sailing shortly for Italy for ment. the benefit of Mrs. Gunther’s health. Mr. Hurst expects to join Mrs. Hurst in Washington during the present month. Consul Herbert O. Williams, now on leave in the United States in California, is on a fishing Mrs. J. Butler Wright entertained at tea May and camping trip near Lake Tahoe. 19 at her home in compliment to those who passed their examinations in the foreign service school of Mr. Lorin A. Lathrop, Foreign Service Officer the State Department. Officials of the State De¬ retired, was a recent visitor at the Department. partment and their wives were the only other guests. Consul Charles H. Albrecht, Bangkok, is spend¬ ing his leave at his home in Philadelphia. Ambassador William M. Collier, Santiago, was slightly injured in an automobile accident which In accordance with an Executive Order dated occurred at Santiago on June 11, 1925. June, 1925, Consul General John G. Foster, Ot- tawa, is to continue on The engagement i s active service for a fur¬ announced of Assistant ther period of one year Secretary of State Le- from July 1, 1925. land B. Harrison and Mrs. Nancy Churchill Consul John G. Er- Coleman, of Philadel¬ hardt, Winnipeg, is now phia. in the United States on leave of absence. Ambassador Peter Augustus Jay is arriv¬ Diplomatic Secretary ing in New York on R. Henry Norweb will June 29, and will come visit the Dutch East In¬ to Washington early in dies enroute to his post July before proceeding at The Hague. to his post at Buenos Aires. Mr. Charles G. Eber- Minister William S. hardt, Minister to Nica¬ Culbertson, Roumania. ragua, is visiting his sails for his post on home in Salina, Kans. July 4. Minister Eberhardt con¬ templates returning to the Department before Consul Jack D. Hick- proceeding to his post. erson, Para, called at the Department en route to his home in Temple, Consul C. O. Spamer, Texas. Amsterdam, is spending his vacation at his home Diplomatic Secretary in Baltimore. Walter T. Prendergast, Managua, called at the The informal consu¬ Department before pro¬ Photo by P. W. Buhrman lar luncheon held on ceeding to his new post. CONSULATE AT ALEPPO Thursday, June 11, was 226 attended by 30, including a number of visiting Mr. Mason Mitchell, retired Foreign Service officers. Officer, is now acting in the moving pictures, choosing as his first production a story entitled Consul Maurice P. Dunlap, Port-au-Prince, “My Neighbor’s Wife,” in which Mr. Mitchell recently called at the Department, and is spending enacts the role of the Consul General at Cairo. his leave in various cities in the East. Consul General Roger C. Tredwell is in Wash¬ Diplomatic Secretary Hugh Millard, Berlin, re¬ ington. — cently underwent an operation for appendicitis. Consul Charles S. Winans, Prague, is spend¬ ing his leave of absence at his home in Chelsea. Mr. Edwin N. Gunsaulus, Foreign Service Offi¬ Michigan. cer, retired, recently called at the Department. Consul James R. Wilkinson, Zurich, who spent Mr. Worthington E. Stewart, Chief of the Of¬ his leave at his home, Greenville, S. C., called at fice of Foreign Personnel, is spending his vaca¬ the Department enroute to his post. tion on a motoring trip through the Great Lakes region. Assistant Secretary of State J. Butler Wright Diplomatic Secretary Richard M. Southgate is attended the National Foreign Trade Convention spending his vacation at Seattle, on June 24- on Cape Cod before 27. Assisting him in proceeding to Habana. representing the De¬ partment of State were Mr. W. R. Castle, A. N. Young, of the Chief of the Division Department; Consul of Western European General Ernest L. Har¬ Affairs, and Mrs. Cas¬ ris, Vancouver; G. C. tle sailed for Europe Hanson, Harbin, and on the Leviathan; Mr. G. A. Makinson, Valpa¬ Castle is representing raiso. the Department of State at the annual meeting Consul General Nel¬ of the International son T. Johnson has ar¬ Chambers of Commerce rived in Washington neld in Brussels. and assumed his duties as Chief of the Division The following nonca¬ of Far Eastern Affairs. reer officers and clerks took the oral examina¬ Consul Alfred R. tion at the Department Thomson, Madras, is on June 9, 1925 : Au¬ spending his leave of gustus W. Ostertag, absence with his mother Vice Consul, La Paz; in Washington. J. W. Bailey, Jr., Vice Consul, Geneva; R. Vice Consul F. Le- Barry Bigelow, Vice- Roy Spangler, Sofia, Consul, Rome; John W. called at the Depart¬ Bulkley, Clerk, Tam¬ ment. pico; Julian F. Har¬ rington, Vice Consul, J. Butler Wright, Antwerp; F. H. Redi- Assistant Secretary of ker, Vice Consul, Ham¬ State, delivered a series burg. — of addresses to cham¬ Consul H. Merle Photo by S. H. Quigley, Department of State bers of commerce in Cochrane, Department, Oregon, Washington, has been on the sick THE FIRST DIVISION MEMORIAL California and Colorado list for several weeks. Opposite the South Front of the Department in the latter part of 227 June and will continue early July. His itinerary Both the semifinal matches went to extra holes. was arranged by the United States Chamber of In the upper bracket, Wadsworth was carried to Commerce after Secretary Kellogg had approved the 24th green before winning. The terrific heat its request to have one of his assistants discuss had its effect upon the play of both finalists in the publicly the Government’s organized facilities for crucial match. the conduct of international affairs, with special The prize was a leg on the “Coupe de France,” reference to their financial, commercial and other presented in 1918 by the French High Commis¬ business aspects. sion in this country; also a silver bowl. The Consular Agency at Peterborough, Onta¬ Former Tariff Commissioner William S. Cul¬ rio, has been closed. bertson, newly appointed Minister to Rumania, has the literary traditions so long attached to our Consul Fletcher Warren is now at Consul diplomatic service. He has three books to his Heard’s desk in F. A. (formerly OR) and Mr. credit—“A Biography of Alexander Hamilton,” Heard is engaged on special work in connection “A Treatise on Commercial with the retirement provisions Policy in War Time,” and “A of the Act of May 24, 1924. Study of Raw Materials and Foodstuffs.” Consul and Mrs. H. A. Bou¬ cher have returned to Dublin Consuls A. E. Southard, from a wedding trip to Switzer¬ Dana G. Munro and James B. land and Southern Italy. Stewart, Department, repre¬ sented the Department of State Thieves broke into the Con¬ at the New England Foreign sulate at Loanda on March 30. Trade Conference held at Prov¬ idence, R. I., April 29-30, 1925. The Foreign Service School has given the following lecture Consul General William Daw¬ courses: son and Consuls A.E. Southard, “Documentation of Merchan¬ James B. Stewart, Dana G. dise, Invoices, Customs Regu¬ Munro and Hamilton C. Clai¬ lations, etc.,” Mr. Charles H. borne were guests of honor at Derry, and Mr. H. F. Worley, the World Trade Dinner given Treasury Department. at the Mayflower Hotel by the “Promotion and Protection Credit Men’s Association. of Trade by Foreign Service Officers,” Mr. Addison E. Vice Consul F. G. Gowen, Southard. Leghorn, Italy, was attacked on “The Far East and the Paci¬ May 24, while crossing a public fic,” Mr. John Van A. Mac- square in one part of which a Murray. public political meeting was be¬ “Mexico,” Mr. Franklin Mott ing held. A number of assail¬ Gunther. ants struck Mr. Gowen twice on the head and stunned him. The “Ocean Rate Differentials and Embassy at Rome and the Ital¬ the Effect on the South,” Dr. R. ian government are investigat¬ S. MacElwee, Commissioner of ing. Port Development, Charleston, S. C. After gaining a close decision “Cooperation in the Field,” to survive the semifinal round, Mr. Samuel H. Cross, Chief, George Wadsworth recently European Division, Bureau of won the French High Commis¬ Foreign and Domestic Com¬ sion Golf Cup tourney at the merce.

Chevy Chase Country Club. He Photo from L. G. Dreyfus, Jr. “The Federal Trade Commis¬ defeated George A. Chase, the sion and Cooperation in Ameri¬ other finalist, 5 up and 4 to play. CONSULATE AT DRESDEN can Foreign Trade,” Dr. Wm. 228 F. Notz, Chief of Export Trade Division, Fed¬ eral Trade Commission. “Liaison Functions of A-C/C,” Mr. Hamilton The C. Claiborne. “The Reparation Problem and the Dawes Plan,” CAREER Mr. Spencer Phenix, and Dr. Arthur N. Young. “Foreign Service Administration,” June 13, Mr. Herbert C. Hengstler. “The Relation of International Law to the DIPLOMAT United States and to the Work of Foreign Serv¬ ice Officers,” Mr. Charles Cheney Hyde. The cartoon on page 225 of this “Protection of American Nationals in Foreign issue of the JOURNAL is front Countries,” Mr. Charles Cheney Hyde. “Geography in International Relations,” Colonel a book of cartoons by M. C. Perts. Lawrence Martin, Chief, Division of Maps, Li¬ The edition is limited to 200 brary of Congress. signed copies. Price $2.25, in¬ “The Collecting and Use of Maps,” Colonel Lawrence Martin. cluding postage. “American Commercial Policy,” Dr. Wallace Orders may be sent to the McClure. “The Petroleum Situation,” Dr. David White, JOURNAL or direct to Geological Survey, and Mr. Paul T. Culbertson. “Shipping and Seamen," Mr. J. Klahr Huddle. M. C. PERTS, “Electrical Communications,” Mr. Leland Har¬ rison, Assistant Secretary of State. Jura Alununa Iela, 2, dz. 1; “The Baltic States and Russia,” Mr. Robert F. Riga, Latvia Kelley. NECROLOGY The JOURNAL wishes to extend its sincerest condolences to Assistant Secretary of State J. Butler Wright, whose mother, Mrs. C. R. Wright, of New York, died suddenly at his residence in Carl M. J. von Zielinski Washington on May 19. Leslie B. Cooper Luis M. Alzamora FOREIGN TRADE AND FINANCIAL ADVISERS Mrs. Jennie J. Franklin, mother of Consul Specializing in Lynn W. Franklin, Hong Kong, died at San The handling of Alien Property Custodian Claims, and Francisco, Calif., on May 15, the day after she Miscellaneous Collections Here and Abroad. had landed from the steamer from Hong Hong. New Financing, Funding of Debts, Re-Organization of Foreign Firms, Incorporations Under American Mr. Alberto Santos, Consular Agent since Laws, Branch Managements. September 10, 1900, at Bahia de Caraquez, Ecua¬ Financial Investigations and Credit Information dor, died in Panama City on May 7. Agents and Correspoyidents in practically all parts of the world The brother of Consul Thomas W. Chilton, St. Stephen, New Brunswick, died in New York on HA1T1AN-DOMINICAN DEVELOPMENT CORPORATION May 29. Agents for Jacob Ritter, a citizen of Switzerland, who was Savage & Stevens Arms, U. S. Ammunition, and American Vice Consul at Catania from 1895 un¬ Sonora Phonograph Co. til June 30, 1908, died at Catania, Italy, on May 5, 1925. Mr. Ritter was 72 years of age at the E. TOSSE & COMPANY, INC. time of his death. He was a highly respected Exporters of member of the local Swiss community. CHEMICALS AND DRUGS He was the friend of all American Consuls who have been at Catania and he will be regretted by 90-96 Wall Street New York City them all. 229 He shivers in Siberia For many weary moons, YOU NEED INSURANCE OF SOME He sizzles in Liberia KIND AND I WRITE ALL LINES And dances with the coons; PHONE OR WRITE FOR PARTICULARS Where camel Hells go ting-aling, REGARDING A COMBINATION And Afric skeeters buzz, LIFE AND DISABILITY POLICY Why, this is every blessed thing The Yankee Consul does: WHICH PROTECTS BOTH YOU AND YOUR DEPENDENTS Chorus WYNDHAM R. WILLS Bills of health and invoices, 601-615 Woodward Building Keeping many books, Main 8510 Washington, D. C. Watching plagues and smallpox, Looking out for crooks; Services notarial, Visaing passports, And—when there’s nothing else to do, SONG OF THE CONSULAR He’s working on reports. SERVICE He hangs his shield above the door By GEORGE HORTON, Retired In far-off Teheran, Reprinted from the Saturday Evening Post, Philadelphia He knows the Sultan of Jahore The Yankee Consul is the man And meets him man to man. Who lives a life of ease; They send him in the early spring He dwells way down in Yucatan From Nome to TimbouctOo, Or in the Caribees; And this is every blessed thing He mingles with the mild Chinee, The Consul has to do: Or savage Fuzzy-Wuzz; Chorus He even goes to gay Paree, And this is all he does: Bills of health and invoices, Settling up estates, Chorus Wiring fluctuations Bills of health and invoices, Of the custom rates; Promotion of our trade, Passport applications, Writing tons of letters Holding sailors’ courts— And giving timely aid; And—when he’s nothing else to do, Listing the commodities He’s writing on reports. His bailiwick imports, And—when he’s nothing else to do, And if he should forget to frame He’s writing on reports ! The list of tariff fees And on the wall to hang the same He’s set back ten degrees. And when at last he lies in state Beneath a coffin lid, They ship him home and pay the freight, For this is all he did: Chorus Bills of health and invoices, Disinfecting rags, Helping captains find their Sailor men with jags; Quelling nasty rows in Oriental ports, And—when he’s nothing else to do, He’s working on reports. 230 “ASCERTAIN DISCREETLY AND REPORT PROMPTLY”

(Continued from page 223) weary, we arrived back at the point we had left the 10 soldiers—having completed an 18-mile tramp back but still with 22 miles in front of us. But thank the moon there were two stalwart ’rick¬ sha coolies who swore by our “cumshaw” they’d see us through. The soldiers were disgruntled, and after being “squeezed” a bit more I decided to risk going home alone and informed the escort we’d go on and they must follow—guess they’re still following; those ’rickshas of ours had a lap race, the leader of each mile getting a “cumshaw” —I had vision of bandits, tigers and other things —so anything to hurry us back and after one of the most glorious and quickest moonlight rides I’ve C1 IFTY-FOUR years of running ever taken (they haven’t been many) through * superior ships in a superior way. wonderful roads, alongside brooks sparkling Fifty-four years of studying the from the full moon and starlit sky and misty cov¬ needs of discriminating travelers. ered rice fields that appeared to stretch for miles And today—the precision of personal service and the perfection of equip¬ like a sea all alight with millions of fireflies—a ment that characterize every ship of wonderland for dreamers. Dark walls surrounded our lines. by lantern lights and guards break the beauty, and we are now back of the town from which we origi¬ Sailings to Principal Ports nally secured our guards. After thanking the To Queenstown (Cobh), Plymouth, commanding officer most sincerely for his kind¬ Liverpool, London, Southampton, nesses and for the troops—which I informed him Cherbourg, Antwerp and Hamburg. were coming on immediately behind us—we ex¬ Sailings every Tuesday, Thursday changed bows. and Saturday. Departures from New York, Boston, Philadelphia and Now for the last 12 miles with its accompanying Montreal. The most complete of “visions of steak and ice water”—never mind the schedules—on the finest of ships. change of clothes or bath. Another lap race— breaking ’ricksha coolie speed records through the A Wide Choice of Accommodations remaining bit of China which stood between us In addition to the Majestic, world’s and our quaint old Portuguese town—past the largest ship, the Homeric, Olympic, same old Chinese Maritime Customs Guard—past Belgenland, the Big Four to Liver¬ the old negro soldiers, through the ancient gate pool, and our other de luxe liners, which offer the acme of luxurious and eventually late at night we were back at our ocean travel, our fleet includes twelve hotel—hungry, sore in limbs and body—but we delightful cabin ships with surpris¬ made amends. ingly low rates. And now, dear friends, all this was caused by And do not overlook the faultless the second wife of a Chinese entering the United Second Cabins on our great steamers, States when the first one was very much alive in splendidly equipped and providing China—but I don’t think the latter knew or cared. excellent food and accommodations for as little as $125.

For information apply to No. 1 Broadway, New York, MARRIAGES the company’s offices elsewhere or authorized, agents Robinson-Franklin. Miss Butler Drayne Thornton Robinson and Mr. Lynn Winterdale 'aWHiTE STAR UNEXf Franklin, Consul, Hong Hong, were married on AMERICAN LINK RED STAR LINE June 11, 1925, at the home of the bride, Freder¬ INTIRNATIOKAL MpRCAMTItB MARINI COMPANY icksburg, Va. 231 SERVICE CHANGES Maxwell Blake, C. G. at Melbourne, commis¬ sioned to act as Diplomatic Agent and Consul Diplomatic Branch General at Tangier. Jefferson Caffery, Counselor of Embassy at Thomas D. Bowman, now detailed to Mexico Tokyo, assigned as Counselor of Embassy at Ber¬ City, assigned as Consul at Budapest. lin. Alfred T. Burri, Consul at Puerto Cortes, as¬ J. Holbrook Chapman, Third Secretary at Lon¬ signed Consul, Barranquilla. don, assigned as Third Secretary, Brussels. Arthur H. Cawston, Vice Consul at Johannes¬ Joseph Flack, Second Secretary Santo Do¬ burg, resigned. mingo, assigned as Second Secretary, Vienna. Cecil M. P. Cross, detailed to Cape Town, John H. MacVeagh, Third Secretary, Hahana. Commission as Consul at Port Elizabeth cancelled. detailed to Department. Stillman W. Eells, Consul at Funchal, detailed Stokeley W. Morgan, First Secretary, Panama, to Department temporarily. detailed to Department. Cornelius Ferris, Consul at Stettin, assigned Elhridge D. Rand, Second Secretary, Tangier, Consul Cobh. assigned as Second Secretary. Paris. James G. Finley, Vice Consul at Montreal, as¬ Robert M. Scotten, First Secretary Rio de Ja¬ signed Vice Consul Sherbrooke. neiro, assigned First Secretary, Asuncion. Ray Fox, detailed to Calcutta, assigned Consul Richard Southgate, now detailed to Department, Puerto Cortes. assigned as First Secretary, Habana. John A. Gamon, now assigned Consul, Cobh, Warden McK. Wilson, Second Secretary, Vi¬ detailed to London. enna, assigned as Second Secretary, Santo Do¬ All>ert H. Gerberich, Consul at Maracaibo, re¬ mingo. signed. Frank P. S. Glassey. remained at Helsingfors. Consular Branch Commission as Vice Consul, Tallinn, cancelled. Harry J. Anslinger, Consul at La Guaira. as¬ Bernard F. Hale, Consul now detailed to Dun¬ signed Consul Nassau. fermline, detailed to Marseille.

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232 From a photograph of a Buick chassis assembled from spare parts, accessories and equipment taken from one distribu¬ tor’s stock, thousands of miles from the factory. The inset shows the mechanics who accomplished the assembling in 4 5 hours and 45 minutes. By standardizing parts, General Motors has made parts service readily available to owners of its motor vehicles, wherever they may be.

What makes motor car value? 7. Parts service

ANY motor vehicle will from time to these two features of parts service. to time require the replacement of So owners of C eneral Motors some part. The car owner’s satis¬ vehicles, living thousands of miles faction depends upon obtaining a from the factory, may obtain neces¬ spare part that is both accurately- sary spare parts, which are genuine, fitting and readily available. as readily as those who live nearby General Motors and its distribu¬ —a fact which also adds to the tors agree that the owners of General resale value of General Motors Motors cars and trucks are entitled products.

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233 Don S. Haven, Consul detailed to San Luis Po- William J. Yerby, Consul at Dakar, assigned tosi temporarily, assigned Consul, Aguascaliente. Consul, La Rochelle. R. Flournoy Howard, Vice Consul at London, Non-Career Officers resigned, effective May 23, 1925. William E. Copley, clerk at Port au Prince, John P. Hurley, Consul at Riga, assigned Con¬ appointed Vice Consul there. sul, Vienna. John P. Elliott, clerk at Warsaw, appointed George Orr, of N. J., Consul, now detailed to Vice Consul there. Panama, detailed to Paris. Fayette J. Flexer, clerk at Mexico City, ap¬ Julian L. Pinkerton, Vice Consul at Durban, as¬ pointed Vice Consul there. signed Vice Consul, Port Elizabeth. J. Winsor Ives, clerk at Mazatlan, appointed Edwin Schoenrich, Vice Consul at Valparaiso, Vice Consul there. assigned Vice Consul La Pas. Albert V. Morris, clerk at Warsaw, appointed Edward E. Silvers, Vice Consul at Cadiz tem¬ Vice Consul there. porarily, reassigned Vice Consul, Seville. Alberto Santos, Consular Agent at Bahia de John F. Simons, Consul, detailed to Paris, as¬ Caraquez, died May 7, 1925. signed Consul, Riga. Paul C. Seddicum, clerk at Dublin, appointed Alexander K. Sloan, Consul detailed to Buda¬ Vice Consul there. pest, assigned Consul, Maracaibo. Duncan M. White, clerk at Leipzifi, appointed Ronald D. Stevenson, Vice Consul at Buenos Vice Consul there. Aires, assigned Vice Consul Punta Arenas. Ralph J. Totten, Consul General detailed as CONSULATE AT GENOA inspector, detailed to Department temporarily. (Continued f rom page 217) Fletcher Warren, Consul, detailed to Habana, than elsewhere—something that stands out for detailed to Department. efficiency and is worthy of general adoption. For

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234 WORLD-WIDE EDDD WILL

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DoDBeBROTMERSjNC.DeTROIT example, at Ghent—away back in the Harrison administration—it was the painstaking thorough¬ STANDARD OIL CO. OF NEW YORK ness of the despatches to the Department, due, I 26 Broadway New York believe, in large measure to the influence of my predecessor. Dr. Thomas Wilson, subsequently curator of the Smithsonian Institution in Wash¬ ington. At Havre it was the thoroughness of the entries in the Ship’s Daily Journal, brought to perfection by one of my Vice Consuls. At Chris¬ tiania it was the daily report of services rendered and fees received, an extra-official report made by the cashier to the Consul General at the close of business each day. Finally, at Genoa what I consider the best original feature is the permanent record kept of destitute American seamen taken on official relief. Each beneficiary, excepting, of course, those sent to hospital, is required to sub¬ The Mark of Quality scribe and swear to answers to questions printed and bound in a book. The following is an exact transcript (excepting a fictitious name for the seaman) of one of these records: “Examination of American Seamen Applying for Socony Relief at the American Consulate General “GENOA (ITALY), April 19, 1924. “1. What is your name? John Doe. “2. Where were you born? New York. Products “3. What is your age? 24. “4. Of what country are you now a citizen? U. S. A. Illuminating Oils “5. When did you first go to sea? 1919. “6. In what American vessels have you sailed? Lubricating Oils and Greases Dochet, Sac City, Manhattan Island, Poto¬ mac, Eastern Glade, Doheny, Liberty. Gasoline and Motor Spirits “7. In what foreign vessels have you sailed? None. Fuel Oil “8. Name of last American vessel in which you sailed ? Algic. Asplialtums, Bintlers and “9. What was her master’s name? Barnes. “10. Who were her owners? U. S. S. B. Road Oils “11. Where was she registered? Philadelphia. “12. Where and when did you ship on that vessel? Paraffine Wax and Candles N. Y„ March 22, 1924. “13. Where and when were you discharged from Lamps, Stoves and Heaters that vessel? Lost ship, Alexandria. “14. For what cause were you discharged? Not discharged. Branch Offices in the Principal Cities of “15. Is any arrear of wages, or extra wages, due you from the American vessel in which Japan Philippine Islands Turkey you last sailed? Yes. China Straits Settlements Syria (Signed) “JOHN DOE. Indo-Chiua Netherlands India Bulgaria Siam South Africa Greece “Subscribed and sworn before me this 19th day India Australasia Jugoslavia of April, A. D. 1924. (Signed) “JOHN BALL OSBORNE, “American Consul General. 236 INVESTMENT SERVICE WHEREVER THE CABLE GOES

FACILITIES afforded bond buyers The National City Bank of New York by The National City Company Head Office: 55 Wall Street, New York far outreach the boundaries of the United States. Other New York City Offices 42nd Street at Madison Avenue Through the close affiliation of the company with the world-wide Fifth Avenue at 28th St. 72nd Street at Broadway branches of The National City Bank 57th Street at Seventh Ave. Bowery at Bond Street of New York and the International Banking Corporation — which is Foreign Branches owned by the Bank—late quotations and information on dollar securities ARGENTINA CHILE ITALY are available in many foreign Buenos Aires Santiago Genoa countries. Rosario Valparaiso CUBA PERU Havana and all Lima Cable communication enables The BELGIUM National City Company, through the important cities banking organizations, to duplicate, Antwerp ENGLAND PORTO RICO to a degree, the comprehensive ser¬ Brussels London San Juan vice given to investors through its City Branch West End Br. URUGUAY offices in more than 50 leading cities BRAZIL FRANCE Montevideo in the United States and Canada, Pernambuco The National and in London, Geneva and Tokio. Rio de Janeiro City Bank of Santos [Agency] New York VENEZUELA Customers in any part of the world Sao Paulo (France), S. A. Caracas may arrange for the safe keeping of securities and for the collection and distribution of income through the Customers’ Securities Department of International Banking Corporation The National City Bank. [Owned by The National City Bank of New York] Head Office: 60 Wall Street, New York

Domestic and Foreign Offices CALIFORNIA JAPAN Tokio San Francisco Kobe Yokohama JAVA CHINA Hongkong Canton Peking Batavia Dairen Shanghai PHILIPPINE ISLANDS Hankow Tientsin Harbin Cebu Manila INQUIRIES addressed to our New l York or London Offices will re¬ DOMINICAN REPUBLIC REPUBLIC OF PANAMA Santo Domingo City and Colon Panama ceive prompt attention. Lists of cur¬ other important cities rent investment offerings will be SPAIN found at all offices of The National ENGLAND—London Barcelona Madrid City Bank and International Bank¬ INDIA Calcutta STRAITS SETTLEMENTS ing Corporation. Bombay Rangoon Singapore THE NATIONAL CITY COMPANY HEAD OFFICE: NATIONAL CITY BANK BUILDING, NEW YORK Geneva LONDON: 34 BISHOPSGATE, E. C. 2 Tokio BONDS SHORT TERM NOTES ACCEPTANCES

237 “Remarks (here insert statement of all docu¬ mentary evidence which applicant has tending to show that he has been an American sailor and whether or not he is a citizen of the United States). “Seaman’s Idenification Card. Discharges from ships named above. Disposition of Case “Sent to Albergo San Giovanni, Apr. 19, 1924. Sent to U. S. Consular Passenger—Form 24 Consular—on S. S. Collingsivorth, May 2, 1924. (Signed) “JOHN BALL OSBORNE, “American Consul General.” In closing, it may be of interest to take a retro¬ spective view of the great development of this office in the last 25 years, when Mr. Boragino, our connecting link with the past, entered the Service. Then the staff consisted of the Consul, an honor¬ ary Vice Consul, one clerk, and a messenger. At the present time the staff includes, besides the Consul General, one Consul, three Vice Consuls (of whom one of career), five clerks, one mes¬ senger and a janitor, or a total of 12 persons. A quarter of a century ago the total number of letters received in the office was less than 400 per annum, and the number of outgoing letters was about the same. Last calendar year the total number of letters received was 26,870 and the total number sent 27,731. During Consul Leadership Fletcher’s administration of 18 years he sent exactly 341 numbered despatches to the Depart¬ FAST, visible typewriting began with the ment, while in less than four years 1 have sent introduction of the Underwood Typewriter 1,930. In the same span of time there has been a more than a quarter of a century ago. Dur¬ revolution in the consular system, consular admin¬ ing this time there have been no changes in istration and consular efficiency. Practically no the fundamental principles of its construction, although certain minor improvements have duties have been taken away and many responsible been made. The Underwood Typewriter still ones added, particularly in regard to alien visa holds the sovereign position in typewriter control and systematic trade promotion. speed, accuracy and durability. It has proved its right to this leadership by winning every International Typewriter Contest since its inception eighteen years ago. JAPAN FIFTY-FIVE YEARS Commerce pays tribute by acceptance—at the AGO dawn of every business day more than two (Continued from page 215) million Underwoods go into action. into the main corridor. Reaching this corridor, I UNDERWOOD TYPEWRITER CO., INC. discerned again the fleeing figure by the light of a 1413 New York Avenue N. W. lew-turned hanging lam]) and fired at it. The man muttered an “Oh,’’ threw up his hands and dis¬ Washington, D. C. appeared down the outer steps. 1 was convinced Branches in all Principal Cities that I had hit him; hut before I could shoot again or overtake him he had managed to slip out of the front entrance. I could hear voices and numerous UNDERWOOD footsteps on the gravel outside, but so pitch dark was it that I could see nothing. Then I realized Speeds the Worlds Business that there were ugly swords waiting for me. My scalp seemed leaving my head, and with, as it 238 Photograph from Ernest Peterffy. Offer Your Articles and Photographs to The National Geographic Magazine OUR photographs of natives and foreign National Geographic Society? This means of Y scenes! Your articles on the fascinating adding zest and income to leisure hours has been used by such foreign service contributors life about your post or the countries you visit! as: Frederick Simpich, Robert P. Skinner, If they are good pictures, if they are readable A. T. Haeberle, Ernest Lloyd Harris, Harry descriptions, they will find a ready and profit¬ A. McBride, Maurice P. Dunlap and Alexander able market in the NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC Weddell. MAGAZINE. Why not make these hobbies add In each case, the State Department, to which to your income and bring your work to the all articles from foreign service writers are attention of the 950,000 members of the submitted, was glad to approve publication. Possibly some native photographer or some f riend who writes is seeking such a magazine outlet. Tell them that The Geographic is always eager for really good photographs showing foreign peoples at work and at play— that it can use many well-written, non-technical articles filled with human interest and giving the reader the sense of actually visiting the lands described. Articles should avoid politics or controversial subjects. Photographs, properly labeled, and articles A 16-page brochure describing the kind of must be submitted for examination before de¬ photographs and articles desired, and a 24- cision can be given. Material accepted is paid page color booklet descriptive of The Society for promptly at attractive rates. Unavailable and The Magazine, will be mailed without matter is returned promptly by insured post. charge on your request. Address, The Editor. NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC MAGAZINE WASHINGTON, D. C. EVERYONE knows that when Hupmobile builds a new model it is an event out of the ordinary. Also, it has every assurance of being a motor car extraordinary. Hupmobile is now producing Hupmobile engineers are a new Eight Cylinder motor offering to the motor car car with the experience of buyers this finished result in years and years of production the new Hupmobile Eight. woven into it and thousands Investigate it. Try it on dem¬ of miles of tests and months onstration. You will marvel of experimenting behind it. at its compact power. Hupp Motor Car Corporation Detroit, Michigan, U. S. A.

Cable Address : “Hupp” Detroit Hupmobile

240 seemed to me, a single bound, I regained my executed on my account, and after a few weeks rooms. very plainly intimated my belief that it was all a The Governor of Yedo and his principal officers deception and asked that the farce might not be soon arrived, and by four o’clock in the morning repeated. Then the whole matter dropped. I the Ministers for Foreign Affairs and numerous retained the short sword, however, which was other officials were in attendance. Blood and a intended to take my life. short sword were found in the corridor. Orders A government messenger was at once dispatched to comb the city were given, and it was proposed to our Minister at Yokohama, and the man-o’- that each house be searched for a wounded man, war Ashuelot brought the latter and his suite. but that the orders were really given I have always The Legation was covered with her guns and so had my doubts. The daylight revealed the fact remained until satisfactory arrangements were that the “excursion” had come and gone by sea. concluded for my protection. These arrange¬ From the tracks, it appeared that the party had ments were to the effect that my guard should be consisted of a goodly number. increased to 50 men, and that each man should Every man of the guard put the blame on some answer with his head for my life. Severe enough other. All said they were at their stations, saw terms, surely; still, although I could but feel that no one come in, and heard nothing until I began each of these men did take a particular and firing. The door of my bedroom was braced peculiar interest in me—cared more tenderly for open, however; and certain it is that either the my safety, indeed, than men ever cared for me guards were accomplices or they slept at their before or since—still, for a year I lived under posts while the servants possibly acted in collusion much mental strain. with the would-be assassins. As to the “wounded man,” a dozen were brought in at different times By 1871 the more liberal heads, such as Ito, as the guilty one; but I believed then and believe Yerashima, Mutsu, Mori, Inouvea, Iwakura, Kido, now, that all these were prisoners for other crimes Okuma, etc., had convinced the people that the who were to be executed anyway, and that the great change was inevitable and wise, and the Governor thought to make them serve a double better and only plan was to meet the foreigner on purpose. I never consented to anyone’s being his own ground. Assassinations ceased and the

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241 new order of things was well under way. My at that time, Goble would have been a Henry Ford. subsequent Yokohama service was tranquil, and I He, however, received no royalties whatever, had much pleasure and profit from it up to 1875, nothing. when I was transferred to Leeds, England. (To be continued) An army was forming under French drill, but the outcome of the Franco-German war convinced the Japanese of German superiority and to the INTERNATIONAL CHAMBER OF Germans they turned for military instruction. COMMERCE By general consent the formation and instruc¬ tion of the navy was conceded to the English, the (Continued from page 212) educational department to the Americans, the way out. The result was the Dawes Plan which judiciary to the French, the army to the Germans, is a milestone of progress, and among the experts and the medical to—I have forgotten whom. who formulated the plan can be found many * * * * * * * of the prominent figures of the International Most travelers think that the ricksha is as old Chamber. as Japan. Not so. The first one was made under But the Dawes Plan is not all. Out of it have the direction of an itinerant American missionary, arisen new problems which must he solved before named Goble, in 1869. Fie came to the Consulate economic readjustment will become a complete and asked me to go to a Japanese carpenter shop realization. The greatest problem is that of trans¬ and pass my judgment upon it. I pronounced it fers of German surpluses into assimilable form. the Godsend that it proved to be. If not on But many other questions also need attention: ponies, the natives were obliged to ride in a sort Interallied debts, budgets and inflation, inter¬ of hammock swung on a pole between two men’s national credits and exchange, artificial trade bar¬ shoulders. Flad there been patent laws in Japan riers, unsound taxation, and the revival of

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242 Invest lour July Funds at with.11 the proven^ satetyc of SMITH BONDS

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243 national currencies. At Rome the International national finance, industry and commerce. It is Chamber resolved to continue its studies of these anxious to secure the cooperation of other in- momentous questions with doubled vigor. Ac- sttutions public and private, and it seeks like- cordingly, a large and representative committee on wise to cooperate with other institutions which economic restoration was formed under the chair- have similar aims and face similar problems, manslrp of Fred I. Kent, vice-president of the In fields outside the strict purview of business Bankers’ Trust Company of New York, to carry the Chamber has no aims and no policy. As best on the work. The collaboration of such men as illustrative of its attitude in this respect a resolu- Sir Josiah Stamp of Great Britain, Alberto tion taken at Rome in March, 1923, may be Pirelli of Italy, and Andre Chalendar of France quoted: was obtained. And with other eminent men in “. . . The Chamber fully recognizes that each principal country working on the problem, it would be inopportune now to propose any the Brussels meeting will convene with complete suggestions for the settlement of the present and exhaustive material on every phase of the situation which exists between the allied task of economic restoration fully and compe¬ nations and Germany. Yet believing that at tently explored. A consideration of this material the proper time governments may wish to and a search for ameliorative steps will be the avail themselves of the practical experience principal work of the Brussels meeting. of the business men of the several countries, This indicates briefly how the International this Chamber agrees to hold itself in readi¬ Chamber of Commerce has occupied itself since ness to render to the interested nations such its organization six years ago. It has taken a assistance as may be desired. definite place in international life without usurp¬ “Meanwhile the International Chamber of ing the functions of any other international body. Commerce will undertake to promote among Obviously its work must be of a general nature, the business men on whose behalf it speaks but at the same time it will concern itself with continued and careful study of all the ele¬ specific problems which have bearing on inter- ments in international problems. . .

Consular Representatives of the United States:

The United States Fidelity and Guaranty Company puts at your disposal its services in writing your bond. Special attention is given to the requirements of consular officers, our Washington manager, Mr. Lee JB. Mosher, having formerly been in the Consular Service. When you have in mind any form of bond, this company will be pleased to write it for you. JOHN R. BLAND, President.

United States Fidelity and Guaranty Company

RESOURCES OVER $34,000,000.00

Washington Branch Office Suite 327, Southern Building, 15th and H Streets, Washington, D. C.

244 The American Foreign Service c.Association

Honorary President FRANK B. KELLOGG Secretary of State

Honorary Vice-Presidents JOSEPH C. GREW Under Secretary of State LELAND HARRISON Assistant Secretary of State J. BUTLER WRIGHT Assistant Secretary of State WILBUR J. CARR Assistant Secretary of State

President Vice-President

EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE EVAN E. YOUNG Chairman HUGH R. WILSON Vice-Chairman EDWARD J. NORTON ALLEN W. DULLES ADDISON E. SOUTHARD

H. MERLE COCHRAN Secretary-Treasurer of the Association

JOURNAL STAFF FELIX COLE Editor J. THEODORE MARRINER 1 F. LAMMOT BELIN !• Associate Editors WILLIAM W. HEARD J EDWIN C. WILSON Business Manager

L As MONNETT B^ I)AVIS j •' ' s<>ciate Business Managers

EDWARD L. REED Treasurer of Journal

The American Foreign Service Association is an un¬ official and voluntary association embracing most of the members of The Foreign Service of the United States. It was formed for the purpose of fostering esprit de corps among the members of the Foreign Service, to strengthen service spirit and to establish a center around which might be grouped the united efforts of its members for the improvement of the Service. /

/ /.

&

World-Wide Travel Service Regular, dependable and efficient services to all parts of the world are main¬ tained by United States Government ships. New York and Europe United States Lines’ ships offer an ideal passage for all classes of travel between New York, Cobh (Queenstown), Plymouth, Cherbourg, Southampton and Bremen—ports of call for quick connections to every part of Europe. Typical American comforts and conveniences are provided on all vessels of the Line: S. S. Leviathan S. S. America S. S. Pres. Harding S. S. Republic S. S. Pres. Roosevelt S. S. George Washington

N ew York and South America Regular fortnightly sailings by the four white sister ships of the Pan America Line: S. S. Southern Cross S. S. Pan America S. S. American Legion S. S. Western World These vessels are the finest and fastest between New York, Rio de Janeiro, Santos, Montevideo and Buenos Aires.

United States and the Far East Five splendidly appointed Government ships of the American Oriental Mail Line are operated over the Short Route from Seattle via Victoria, B. C., with a sailing every twelve days: S. S. President McKinley S. S. President Grant S. S. President Jefferson S S. President Jackson S. S. Pi-esident Madison

INVESTIGATE AMERICAN SHIPS Before you book your tour this year investigate the American comforts and American pleasures provided cn the splendid ships operated for the United States Shipping Board. Write us for the interesting travel booklets which your government has prepared. They give full details of itineraries, costs and ship accommodations.

Write to Information Department

Washington, D. C.

RANSDELL INCORPORATED. PRINTERS, WASHINGTON. D. C.