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A Study of Psychiatric Clinic Patients

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A Study of Psychiatric Clinic Patients PSYCHOLOGICALCHAPTER ILL XXIIHEALTH IN RE- STUDYLATION OF TOPSYCHIATRICMaria POTENTIAL Hertz Levinson CLINIC FASCISM: PATIENTS1 A thenIf differencesone would inexpect ideology ideologyA. are INTRODUCTION significantly to be related related also to to various personality kinds differences, of mental thevelopsofanddisturbance. normal concepts behavior depend people, Itofof in is modernmentally verythe and contention largethat psychology disturbed thepart disturbances on of hispersonsmodern of personality personality differwhichpsychiatry only structure.any were ingiventhat firstdegree theIndeed, individual developed experiences from most those de- onof forthepathologicalstudyIn thisbasis the of were firstideologyof materialsimilar personalityplace, and toit from isthepersonality usually patterns reasons, psychologically easier thaningiven psychiatric theto below, describe more unhealthy which patients."healthy" and promptedpeople. to explain ones. The the "Healthy" the reasons present more inneringatopeople, large outer or problems successfully extentto and be innersure, "solved" still stressesalsocontrolling exist, havethese they is problems, not problems. theirare entirely able primitive i.e.,to They achievesmooth. areas impulses have in life They whichsucceeded situationsand, have, theirto the however,in adjustmentwhich extentsublimat- help that to tolessisachieveon usuallyminimize the undisguised other the plain proper theirhand, to forms, beconflicts balance,whether seen. the The and defensive andthey primitive anxieties. the are nature awarestruggles impulses Those and of thedegreeagainst who breakneed need ofthroughthem ortheir therapy,not, can imbalancein failedoften more have, betoor membersPsychologist,making thewriter of Clinic the for wishes Clinic his facilities generous to staff thank available.for supportDr. their Karl aid She and Bowman, and 891also numerous cooperation. is indebted head helpful of theto Dr. suggestions,Langley Robert Porter E. and Harris, Clinic, to various Chief for clearly89z observed, andTHE theAUTHORITARIAN conflicts with the PERSONALITY environment are often still in pletoryareprogress.In hereare liesthe willing moresecondin Thus, the clearly fact place,theto disclosethat"elements" discernible an here, advantage the more and more than adjustmentthanin inintimateusing inpsychologically the the usualmechanisms detailspsychiatric research of healthy their clinicof interview, the lives. individuals. as personality a labora-Thus, peo- selveschologicalficultstudiesThirdly, problemmay on patients health-illthehelp ofpresent to the validatewho health.relation investigation are the stronglyAre between methods people motivated sought ideology withused psychologicalanfor to and approachthe tell thestudy the dimension truth ofto disturbances— otherthe about very groups.of them- psy-dif- psychiatricticularneurosisprejudicedsevere enoughpatterns and thandiagnostic psychosis, to other of make ideology groups groups? themon the of seeksignificantly one people? psychiatrichand, What and related ideology help—moreis the generalto onany the prejudiced ofrelation other? the common Arebetween or par-less bearingiandtients 6In cases psychiatric an were attempton were suchstudied studied diagnosis tofactors answerby intensivelymeans as were intelligencethese of obtained our and by questionnaire meansother level,from questions,of theeducation, interviews Clinic and 12 otherrecords. type andi psychiatricmethods. ofthe Incomplaint, Thematic addition, Data pa- Apperceptionareasanalyzingizedwas broughttest of the known and studyinto Test, interpreting theas asand the picture.a wholeall Minnesota material these A were majority data, previously employedMultiphasic concepts of the collectedto subjects and thePersonality full.findings byalso the took fromClinicInventory. a standard-the workers other In notpsychiatricClinicThe admitted. subjects,in San disorders. Francisco, At 71B. the women THE timeViolent a NATURE stateandof casesthe 50 institution studymen, and OF were casesreported THEfor all forthe patients SAMPLE permanent indiagnosis the atpresent the andcommitment Langley treatmentchapter, Porter arethe of viewspatientrosestemporaryinpatient or and department, mild department varioushospitalization. psychoses. psychological wherehad Thethree Most adults majority wards of procedures. arethese (aboutseen of cases the regularly 45 patients can beds) be forclassedforare therapeuticpatientstreated as severe in requiring the inter- neu-out- thecouldtorange Thepay. lower frombe hospitalIn said termsclass $o to (gratis) facilities orfallof theincome, into toeducated the $2are peroccupation,urban open interview middle lowerto everyone, classandmiddle and residence, areare class,regardless gradedrepresented. though most according of Clinic inincome. Most some to patients upper-ability cases Fees class andPSYCHOLOGICAL upper middle-class ILL individuals HEALTH AND who POTENTIAL wish psychiatric FASCISM help go893 to distinguishingpsychologicalhelpprivateOne from maypsychiatrists. a askpublic disturbances the to what twopsychiatric groups extent who patients,isclinic do acceptance not are seekof different whatever such of psychiatry help. from social One those class,and important people of who the with seekideatrait theypatients,atparticularlythat the one'shave instigation however, usuallyillness of many of mightturned are relatives persons referred have because whoorimportant by friends. ofsocialcome physical psychologicaltoAlmostagencies the symptoms. Clinic as or large by of sources.physicianstheir aMost proportionown of This these accord to iswhomof true the or ing,TheafterpleAnother haveoutpatientexcept a few little selective interviewsin casesorclinic no sampling whichideaarranges have about shouldshown atfactor psychiatry least themproperly is one the that interview admissionand betheir manyhandled "mind" for policydrop every by is out other involved.ofperson ofthe agencies.treatment hospital. apply-peo- ingonlyispsychiatricThe so special outpatientssmallcases admittedthat helpdiagnostic only fromare aareselected alimited problems,clinic.those portion requiringthereforeThe andinpatient of those immediateapplicationsonly department, whichon the attention, cancouldbasis beon of bestconsidered. the thosetheir profitother wishingpresent- hand, from The aintelligence,factorsontemporary particularly age asand the hospitalization. the and patient'sworthwhile nature education. cooperativeness,of the personThe The disturbance, judgment staff'salso plays judgmentdesire regarding but a role. toalso be as prognosis Thisto helped,to awhether largelatter degree rests, extentjudgment the ofpatient oncourse,insight, restssuch is army,patientseducationalwithin part middle-class navy,on are the referred level, physicians,personal or and fromupper impression speech, private a middle-class great manners, individuals.thevariety patient standards of and sources:makes, soAbout forth. of that manydress, 20 Theis, per kindsonoccupational Langleycent his of conformity of agencies, thePorterand wholechoicesotherplicantsFor youngerthese younger, andare combinedwhoself-referred; people moreare extremely who reasonsintelligent, thisfeel thegroupreceptivethat Langleybetter they contains tocaneducated, Porterpsychological bemany helped Clinic and college in patientsmore procedures.making graduates receptiveare better on andthelifeap- to undergetpsychologicalIn a selecting random20years sample subjectsproceduresof age,2 of for Jewish,the thethan Clinic present the non-white, generalpopulation, investigation, population. or foreign-born.exclusivean attempt of those Questionnaires was who madewere to subjectswere2Afew given ofsubjects a to special all slightly ward research younger patients study than who 20on were stomach actually able ulcers. to included cooperate In thein the outpatientandfinal tosample. the de- tionnairespatientspartment,894 coming mostadministered casesintoTHE the were byAUTHORITARIAN waiting Clinicselected room staff on memberson a PERSONALITY randomcertain who daysbasis were and by approachinginstructedby having inques- theall Aprincipleswillingnesstakenhome; few to(less of preserve ofthese, than randomto cooperate. more theper selection. anonymity cent)than Unfortunately, refusedhalf Most returnedof thesubjectsaltogether. subj thethere filledects, completed Some is andout no tookthe thisexact blanks forms.furtherthe record questionnaire on Careincreased the of whatspot.was studied.returnproofThus, subjects, portion was althoughThe 85 of thissample to the 90 factordegree blanksper is probablywascent. of distributed cooperativeness probably fairly were norepresentative larger returned.played than some It inof is manypartthe estimated Langleyin other the selection that groups Porter the asClinicSex. TheAge.follows: 50population ThereA menmajority wereand as 71were morea womenwhole, between women withinselected zo than theand for limitsmen, 40 studyyears—very duestated may to above.be the furtherfew greater being characterized number under 20. of ried,menwomenmarried,Marital andand patients women3! 6status. per per cent cent inseparately.Of the divorced.the unmarried, Clinic men, 58as In aper andthe whole. centcase7 per were Mostof cent the married, resultsdivorced. women, were 36 62 Of per computedper the cent cent men unmar- were who for Thesemarried,centwereEducation. had married records 67no per children.Records orare cent who probably had werehadOf children,the beenavailable not women entirelymarried, 33 on whoper 46 accurate,
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