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Labour Exploitation, Trafficking and Migrant Health

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Labour Exploitation, Trafficking and Migrant Health Labour Exploitation, Labour Exploitation, Trafficking and Migrant Health and Migrant Trafficking Labour Exploitation, Trafficking and Migrant Health: Multi-country Findings on the Health Risks and Consequences of Migrant and Trafficked Workers International Organization for Migration (IOM) International Organization for Migration (IOM) IOM OIM The opinions expressed in the report are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the International Organization for Migration (IOM) or the London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine (LSHTM). The designations employed and the presentation of material throughout the report do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of IOM or LSHTM concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area, or of its authorities, or concerning its frontiers or boundaries. IOM is committed to the principle that humane and orderly migration benefits migrants and society. As an intergovernmental organization, IOM acts with its partners in the international community to: assist in meeting the operational challenges of migration; advance understanding of migration issues; encourage social and economic development through migration; and uphold the human dignity and well-being of migrants. Report authors: London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine Ana Maria Buller, Hanni Stoklosa and Cathy Zimmerman International Organization for Migration Vanesa Vaca and Rosilyne Borland Publisher: International Organization for Migration 17 route des Morillons 1211 Geneva 19 Switzerland Tel: +41.22.717 91 11 Fax: +41.22.798 61 50 E-mail: [email protected] Website: www.iom.int This publication was made possible through support provided by the United States Department of State, under the terms of Award No. S-SGTIP-11-GR-0036. The opinions expressed herein are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the United States Department of State. ISBN 978-92-9068-715-3 © 2015 International Organization for Migration (IOM) © 2015 London School for Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (LSHTM) All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise without the prior written permission of the publisher. 64_15 Labour Exploitation, Trafficking and Migrant Health: Multi-country Findings on the Health Risks and Consequences of Migrant and Trafficked Workers International Organization for Migration (IOM) CITATION Buller AM, Vaca V, Stoklosa H, Borland R and C Zimmerman. 2015. Labour exploitation, trafficking and migrant health: Multi-country findings on the health risks and consequences of migrant and trafficked workers. International Organization for Migration and London School of Hygiene and & Tropical Medicine. EXTRMHE study team London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine Ana Maria Buller Hanni Stoklosa Cathy Zimmerman International Organization for Migration Vanesa Vaca Rosilyne Borland IOM Argentina Lorena Haupt Laura Estomba IOM Bolivia Adriana Arduz Flavia de la Fuente IOM Peru Jeremy MacGillivray Jacqueline Julca Mariana Mendiola IOM Kazahkstan Aliya Alikova Svetlana Zhassymbekova IOM Kyrgyzstan Bermet Moldobaeva With additional support from independent researchers Kayratbek Jamangulov and Iliyas Tileubergenov IOM Washington Amy Mahoney Labour Exploitation, Trafficking and Migrant Health iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This study was made possible through the generous support of the United States Department of State Office to Monitor and Combat Trafficking in Persons, grant number S-SGTIP-11-GR-0036. The research was coordinated by the International Organization for Migration (IOM) and the Gender Violence and Health Centre of the London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine (LSHTM). We were privileged to have the support and participation of a network of counter-trafficking, health and labour migration experts throughout this project. Principal interviewers included Adriana Arduz, Jacqueline Julca, Flavia de la Fuente, Mariana Mendiola, Kayratbek Jamangulov and Vanesa Vaca. Research activities for Peru were led by Ana Maria Buller and Vanesa Vaca; for Argentina/Bolivia by Vanesa Vaca; and for Kazakhstan by Hanni Stoklosa. Cathy Zimmerman and Ana Maria Buller from LSHTM and Rosilyne Borland from IOM provided overall guidance and oversight to the project. Thank you also to Amy Mahoney, Lorena Haupt, Laura Estomba, Aliya Alikova, Svetlana Zhassymbekova, Bermet Moldobaeva, and Ililyas Tileurbergenov for their technical inputs during the project and to Adrianna Serino for contributing to the literature review in the Peru chapter. Many thanks to our civil society and governmental partners working with migrant communities and with victims of trafficking across the multiple research settings who helped us access our participants. These partners included various health-care providers who allowed us to travel with their mobile teams in Peru and speak with their patients in Argentina. The greatest contributors to this research were the trafficking survivors and migrant workers who shared their time and their experiences with us. We were honoured to document their stories, and, more than that, to understand more about harm and exploitation in order to prevent others from living through the same sorts of experiences. We will continue to work to ensure this research makes at least some small difference in the policies, programmes and lives of migrants who work under exploitative conditions around the world. Labour Exploitation, Trafficking and Migrant Health v CONTENTS 1 ExecuTIvE SuMMaRy ........................................................................................................... 3 2 Introduction ..................................................................................................................... 15 Study objectives ...................................................................................................................... 17 Conceptual framework ............................................................................................................ 18 Study methods ........................................................................................................................ 18 Recruitment procedures and sample ..................................................................................... 19 Topic guide .............................................................................................................................. 21 Data collection and analysis .................................................................................................... 22 Ethics ....................................................................................................................................... 22 3 aRGEnTIna: STUDY RESuLTS ................................................................................................. 27 3.1 Participant description table ............................................................................................ 27 3.2 Context ............................................................................................................................ 27 3.3 Summary of the health literature review ......................................................................... 30 3.4 Pre-departure ................................................................................................................. 33 3.5 Summary implications ..................................................................................................... 48 3.6 Recommendations Argentina ........................................................................................... 50 3.7 Further research priorities................................................................................................ 53 Argentina health literature review bibliography ..................................................................... 54 4 PERu: STUDY RESuLTS ............................................................................................................ 59 4.1 Participant description table ............................................................................................ 59 4.2 Context ............................................................................................................................ 59 4.3 Summary of the health literature review ......................................................................... 63 4.4 Main findings .................................................................................................................... 67 4.5 Summary implications ..................................................................................................... 82 4.6 Recommendations Peru ................................................................................................... 84 4.7 Further research priorities................................................................................................ 89 Peru health literature review bibliography .............................................................................. 90 5 KaZaKHSTan: STUDY RESuLTS ............................................................................................... 93 5.1 Participant description table ............................................................................................ 93 5.2 Context ...........................................................................................................................
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