CANADIAN HYDROGRAPHIC SERVICE & OCEANOGRAPHIC SERVICES Presentation to Warming of the North Conference Ottawa, March 2nd, 2015

Denis Hains, Director General & Hydrographer General of Canada TIP OF THE ICEBERG HYDROGRAPHY & OCEANOGRAPHY IN CANADA’S NORTH

2 CANADIAN HYDROGRAPHIC SERVICE & OCEANOGRAPHIC SERVICES The Canadian Hydrographic Service and Oceanographic Services is part of the Ecosystems and Oceans Science Sector of Fisheries and Oceans Canada. Our organization is responsible for charting Canada's 131,650 nautical miles of coastline (the longest of any country in the world), the 739,266 square nautical miles of continental shelf and territorial sea, plus inland lakes and waterways.

3 CANADIAN HYDROGRAPHIC SERVICE: OUR MISSION

“ To provide clients with up-to-date, timely, and accurate hydrographic publications services and data necessary for safe and efficient navigation for navigable waters of Canada in the most cost effective and efficient manner and to represent Canadian hydrographic interests nationally and internationally. ”

4 MANDATE

• Charting Canada’s navigable waterways in support of:

• Safety of navigation/Protecting life at sea

• Maritime delimitation

• Contributing to security and sovereignty

• Protecting the environment (tide surge etc.)

• Contributing to economic development

• Contributing to marine science

• Several legislations and conventions mandate CHS including Canada Shipping Act 2001 and SOLAS Convention

5 CHANGING DEMAND - INCREASING RISK

6 CHANGING HYDROGRAPHIC TECHNOLOGY & PRODUCTS Leadline Single Beam Multi Beam

Pre - 1940 1940 - 1998 1998 - Present 2,000 750,000 100000,000 soundings soundings soundings per survey per survey per survey

7 CHARTING - THE CHALLENGE…

Motivators: Arctic Marine Infrastructure: There is a general lack of marine infrastructure in the Arctic, except for areas along • Increased ice-free seasons the Norwegian coast and northwest Russia, compared • Economic growth of Northern with other marine regions of the world with high peoples concentrations of ship traffic. Gaps in hydrographic data • Increased economic activity exist for significant portions of primary shipping (mining etc.) routes important to support safe navigation. In • Increased demand for addition, for safe operations in the Arctic there is a science need for the same suite of meteorological and • Increased eco-tourism oceanographic data, products and services as in other oceans, plus comprehensive information on sea ice and icebergs.

Source Arctic Marine Shipping Assessment Report 2009

8 ARCTIC CHARTING HAS ALWAYS BEEN A CHALLENGE

Henry Hudson 1610

Roald Amundsen 1903 1576 William Parry 1819

9 Robert Bylot 1616 CHS EARLY ARCTIC SURVEYS SOURCE: Northern Mariner, O.M. Meehan

Chrisse C. Thomey 1910 survey ship

10 CHS APPLYING INNOVATION & TECHNOLOGY

Late 1950’s & early 1960’s Polar Continental Shelf supported hydrographic data collection: • Lead line Lucas Sounding Machine • Early PCSP Ice-Camp • Short range electronic positioning

11 CHS APPLYING INNOVATION &TECHNOLOGY

Late 1960’s & 1980’s an era of innovation: • Track Vehicle w Ram Transducer • Autonomous Remote Controlled System (ARCS) • Heli Towed Open Water System • Hovercraft • Through Ice Bathymetry (TIBS)

12 CHS APPLYING INNOVATION & TECHNOLOGY

13 GROWING & CHANGING CLIENT NEEDS

14 GROWING & CHANGING CLIENT NEEDS

There is significant potential for mining and oil & gas in the North

CESD (OAG – Audit Arctic – some text Nordic Orion (Danish Flag) here Transport Canada – Tanker Safety Expert Panel – Arctic review not yet released

FedNav (PetroNav?) full transit 2014 – see blog and route through Prince Wales St 15 CHANGINGChanging CLIMATE Climate in IN the THE Arctic ARCTIC

Environment Changes MARINE NAVIGATION Ecosystem changes Very likely continued decrease in 50 years mean sea-ice thickness Ice-free zones during summer and (0.25-1.75m). winter periods Implications “Arctic Basin” Further decline in multi-year ice Change in access to the marine area, possibly enabling an ice-free environment (i.e., ice covered areas Need to manage increase intensity, seasonal duration, and Arctic in late summer. vs. open water areas) and an geographical extent of boat traffic Decrease in summer ice extent increase in the length of the (10-80%), ‘shoulder seasons’ Ice routing advice and ice information and escorting service Increased length of open water Longer open water season: earlier to ships in ice-covered waters may season will potentially increase the ice breakup and later freeze up. be more challenging in the nearer extent and frequency of foggy term Little change in winter ice conditions conditions. Assistance to beset vessels in ice A more severe wave climate is may be more frequent as mariners projected in open-water areas push navigation into shoulder Increased incidence of vessel icing seasons and sea spray.

16 COOPERATION AT THE INTERNATIONAL SCALE

Arctic Regional Hydrographic Commission (ARHC): • Canada, Denmark, Norway, Russian Federation, United States of America • ARHC Cooperation with the Arctic Council-Protection Arctic Marine Environment (PAME) watching ARHC pan-Arctic hydrographic risk assessment methodology for the North.

17 BOTTOM LINE …

• Risks and Arctic Charting • Knowledge of Conditions • Possible Opportunities • Technology • Collaboration – Federal and Territorial Governments • Collaboration – Internationally • Ships of Opportunity • Risk Awareness CLASSIC CASE OF SUCCESSFUL COLLABORATION

Photo Credit: Parks Canada

19 ARCTIC HYDROGRAPHY & OCEANOGRAPHY

THANK YOU 20