Safety Assessment of Polysaccharide Gums As Used in Cosmetics
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
New Ways of Using Sugar Beet Pulp
New ways of using sugar beet pulp Conversion of SBP components into value added products for home & personal care and performance materials Daan van Es, Frits van der Klis Wageningen Food & Biobased Research, Lyon May 2019 Program . Introduction WFBR & Pulp2Value project . Session 1 ● Galacturonic acid based anionic surfactants ● Formyl Furoic Acid from Galacturonic acid . Break . Session 2 ● Catalytic oxidation of Galacturonic acid to Galactaric acid ● Applications of Galactaric acid . Wrap-up Introduction Wageningen FBR The Biobased Economy Value Chain Biomass Food & Feed Materials Chemicals Lignocellulosic crops & residues Fuels & Energy Agricultural crops & residues Biorefinery Isolation, Extraction Biomass components Polymer Fresh Biomass Processing & Pretreatment Carbohydrates Proteins Natural fibres Lignin Synthesis & Modification Aquatic Biomass Biotechnological & Specialties Oil & fats Chemical Conversion Conversion Wageningen FBR Contract Research Food & Biobased Research (FBR) . Contract research institute, part of WUR . From fundamental to applied research . Intensive public-private cooperation . Approx. 300 scientists in 2 Business Units; FFC, BBP . BU Biobased Products; 3 dept’s ● Biorefinery & Fibre Technology ● Bioconversion ● Sustainable Chemistry & Technology Sustainable Chemistry & Technology Integrated approach from (refined) biomass to biobased materials . Organic Chemistry & (bio) Catalysis . New Sustainable Chemistry; Electrochem & Photochem . Specialty Chemicals Synthesis and Testing . Building Block Synthesis & -
D-Glucuronic Acid. Crystalline Glucuronolactone
The Tohoha Journal of Experimental Medicine, Vol. 69, Nos. 2-3, 1959 Biochemical Studies on Carbohydrates CCXXVII. On Paper Chromatography of Rexuronic Acids By Hajime Masamune and Mei Satake (正 宗 一) (佐 武 明) From the Medico-chemical Institute, Tohoku University, Sendai (Received for publication, December 15, 1958) There were three papers published from this laboratory with respect to paper chromatography of glucuronic, galacturonic and mannuronic acids.1)-3) Since then, L-guluronic acid was isolated as L-guluronolactone from alginic acid,4) and L-iduronic acid in ƒÀ-heparine and skin-itinsulfate was identified by paper chromatography5) as well as by isolation as 2,3,4- tri-O-acetyl-L-idosan.6) Therefore the writers have investigated how to discriminate those five hexuronic acids occurring in nature in a paper chromatogram, with the resulting conclusions: 1) Kinds of filter paper made up of acid-treated fibers, for instance, Toyo Roshi filter paper No. 3 give concentrated spots contrary to those of filter paper without previous acid-treatment. 2) Free hexuronic acids are less sharply separated than their lactones by any of the solvent mixtures listed in Table I. 3) Solvent VI, VIII and ‡\ in Table I are most appropriate for the purpose, because they separate galacturonic acid from the remaining hexuronic acids on one hand and the lactones of the latter four hexuronic acids from one another on the other. Rr (rate of flow of a sugar against rhamnose) values of the hexuronic acids and their lactones are shown in the same table. 4) It is advisable to preliminarily free a hexuronic acid or acids from hexosamines, amino acids and ordinary sugars, which are present in the same hydrolysate, by the aid of a cation- and an anion-exchanger, if identification of them in mucoproteins is aimed at by paper chromatography. -
Bacterial Biofilms: Synthesis, Structure and Applica(Ons
Bacterial Biofilms: Synthesis, Structure and Applica8ons Bryan W. Berger Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering Program in Bioengineering Bad Bugs, No Drugs – 10 New An8bio8cs by 2020 (IDSA) hp://www.birkocorp.com Bacteria have evolved numerous anbioc resistance mechanisms 3. Biofilms • Mo6le bacteria adhere to surface • Secrete extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) • Comprised of polysaccharides, DNA, and protein • Acts as diffusion barrier against an6bio6cs Planktonic bacteria EPS Mucoid bacteria A"achment Growth Bacteria encased in EPS are protected from anmicrobials as well as other stress factors including phagocytosis and dehydraon An6microbial Planktonic bacteria EPS Mucoid bacteria A"achment Growth cdc.gov S. maltophilia: An Important, Emerging, Nosocomial Pathogen – Emily Wong MD, PhD (Lehigh Valley Hospital) Emerging Infecous Disease, Volume 8, Number 9—September 2002 Stenotrophomonas maltophilia is an intrinsic mul8drug resistant (MDR), nosocomial pathogen of growing concern • Third most common nosocomial non-fermen6ng Gran-negave bacilli • Third most common cause of late-onset ven6lator-acquired pneumonia • Second most common bacteria isolated from lungs of CF paents • Associated with high mortality rate (30%) with few treatment op6ons due to intrinsic MDR • Capable of adhering to and producing biofilm on IB3-1 bronchial cells as well as numerous inert surfaces found in indwelling medical devices such as catheters and ven6lators • Biofilm formaon in linked to virulence and MDR Number of Percentage of Class Name Resistant Strains Resistant Strains (n=28) (%) β-lactam Ampicillin 28 100 Streptomycin 28 100 Specnomycin 28 100 Aminoglycoside Kanamycin 28 100 Gentamicin 27 96.4 Glycopepde Zeocin 28 100 Nalidixic acid 7 25 Broad-spectrum Tetracyline 5 17.9 Chloramphenicol 3 10.7 An6bio6c screening of S. -
Symbol Nomenclature for Glycans (SNFG)
Symbol Nomenclature for Glycans (SNFG) Created: October 15, 2015; Last Updated: February 4, 2020 History and Citation Symbol Nomenclature for Graphical Representation of Glycans, Glycobiology 25: 1323-1324, 2015. Citation link (PMID 26543186). Updates to the Symbol Nomenclature for Glycans guidelines, Glycobiology 29:620-624, 2019. Citation link (PMID 31184695). History of the SNFG SNFG Support Downloadable files available from online SNFG page (Appendix 1B): Drawing format file Presentation/Slide format file Notes (this document) Examples Members of the SNFG Discussion Group Organizations and Publications Adopting the SNFG Software tools supporting SNFG (Link) 3D-Symbol Nomenclature for Glycans (3D-SNFG): Create 3D atomic models of glycans (preview) Direct weblink Citation link DrawGlycan-SNFG: Convert IUPAC input strings to sketches of glycans and glycopeptides (preview) Direct weblink App download Citation link GlycanBuilder2-SNFG: GlycanBuilder updated to handle SNFG (preview) App download Citation Link SNFG update history Click on a symbol to link to the corresponding PubChem entry. Symbols with PubChem links can be downloaded using either the online Table or Slide/Presentation file available at the SNFG main page. Table 1. Monosaccharide symbol nomenclature SHAPE White Blue Green Yellow Orange Pink Purple Light Blue Brown Red (Generic) Filled Circle Hexose Glc Man Gal Gul Alt All Tal Ido Filled Square HexNAc GlcNAc ManNAc GalNAc GulNAc AltNAc AllNAc TalNAc IdoNAc Crossed Square Hexosamine GlcN ManN GalN GulN AltN AllN TalN IdoN Divided Hexuronate GlcA ManA GalA GulA AltA AllA TalA IdoA Diamond Filled Triangle Deoxyhexose Qui Rha 6dGul 6dAlt 6dTal Fuc Divided DeoxyhexNAc QuiNAc RhaNAc 6dAltNAc 6dTalNAc FucNAc Triangle Flat Rectangle Di-deoxyhexose Oli Tyv Abe Par Dig Col Filled Star Pentose Ara Lyx Xyl Rib Filled Diamond Deoxynonulosonate Kdn Neu5Ac Neu5Gc Neu Sia Flat Diamond Di-deoxynonulosonate Pse Leg Aci 4eLeg Flat Hexagon Unknown Bac LDmanHep Kdo Dha DDmanHep MurNAc MurNGc Mur Pentagon Assigned Api Fru Tag Sor Psi Notes: 1. -
Determination of Gulose And/Or Guluronic Acid by Ion Chromatography and Pulsed Amperometric Detection
Carbohydrate Polymers 17 (1992) 205-207 Determination of gulose and/or guluronic acid by ion chromatography and pulsed amperometric detection L. H. Krull & G. L. Cote* Biopolymer Research. National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research. US Department ofAgriculture. T Agricultural Research Service, 1815 North University St. Peoria. Illinois 61604. USA (Received 8 June 1990: revised version received 28 December 1990: accepted IS January 1991) A method for the determination of guluronic acid in polysaccharides which may also contain either glucuronic or mannuronic acid has been developed. The method makes use of an ion chromatographic instrument equipped with a pulsed amperometric detector. The method will detect concentrations in the range of0·5 to 50 ppm. This technique has been applied to the detemlination of mannuronate/guluronate ratios in commercial samples of alginic acid. as \vell as to the stmctural analysis of an extracellular bacterial alginate. INTRODUCTION arising from the reduction of D-glucose. Although alginic acid itself contains neither glucose nor Complete and quantitative acid hydrolysis of poly glucuronic acid. this may not always be the case when saccharides containing uronic acid residues is one is working with neVi. uncharacterized poly notoriously difficult to attain (Adams. 1965). For this saccharides. reason. the uronic acid residues in such polymers are There are ways to circumvent this ambiguity. usually first reduced to their corresponding neutral including the use of per-O-acetylated aldononitrile sugar analogues (Taylor et at.. 1976). Once reduced. the (PAAN) derivatives rather than per-O-acetylated neutral polysaccharide can then be analyzed by more alditols (Lance & Jones. 1967). and the direct HPLC conventional means. -
Essential Guide to Food Additives
ESSENTIAL GUIDE TO FOOD ADDITIVES Third Edition Revised by Victoria Emerton and Eugenia Choi This edition first published 2008 by Leatherhead Publishing a division of Leatherhead Food International Ltd Randalls Road, Leatherhead, Surrey KT22 7RY, UK and Royal Society of Chemistry Thomas Graham House, Science Park, Milton Road, Cambridge, CB4 0WF, UK URL: http://www.rsc.org Registered Charity No. 207890 Third Edition 2008 ISBN No: 978-1-905224-50-0 A catalogue record of this book is available from the British Library © 2008 Leatherhead Food International Ltd The contents of this publication are copyright and reproduction in whole, or in part, is not permitted without the written consent of the Chief Executive of Leatherhead Food International Limited. Leatherhead Food International Limited uses every possible care in compiling, preparing and issuing the information herein given but accepts no liability whatsoever in connection with it. All rights reserved Apart from any fair dealing for the purposes of research or private study, or criticism or review as permitted under the terms of the UK Copyright, Designs and Patents Act, 1988, this publication may not be reproduced, stored or transmitted, in any form or by any means, without the prior permission in writing of the Chief Executive of Leatherhead Food International Ltd, or in the case of reprographic reproduction only in accordance with the terms of the licences issued by the Copyright Licencing Agency in the UK, or in accordance with the terms of the licences issued by the appropriate Reproduction Rights Organization outside the UK. Enquiries concerning reproduction outside the terms stated here should be sent to Leatherhead Food International Ltd at the address printed on this page.