Environmental Impact Assessment (Draft) IND
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Environmental Impact Assessment (Draft) June 2018 IND: Assam Power Sector Investment Program – Tranche 3 120 MW Lower Kopili Hydroelectric Project Volume 1: Main Report Prepared by Assam Power Generation Corporation Limited (APGCL), Government of Assam for the Asian Development Bank. This is an updated version of the draft available on https://www.adb.org/sites/default/files/project-documents/47101/47101-004-eia-en.pdf . CURRENCY EQUIVALENTS (As of 31 December 2017) Currency unit – Indian rupee (₹) ₹1.00 = $0.01 566 $1.00 = ₹63.8499 ABBREVIATIONS AAQ - ambient air quality AAQM - ambient air quality monitoring ADB - Asian Development Bank ADC - Autonomous District Council AEGCL - Assam Electricity Grid Corporation Limited APDCL - Assam Power Distribution Company Limited AP GCL - Assam Power Generation Corporation Limited APH - auxiliary power house APSIP - Assam Power Sector Investment Program ASEB - Assam State Electricity Board ASI - Archaeological Survey of India ASPCB - Assam State Pollution Control Board BDL - below detectable limit BIS - Bureau of Indian Standards BGL - below ground level BOD - biochemical oxygen demand BOQ - bill of quantity CA - compensatory afforestation CCE - Chief Controller of Explosives CEA - Central Electricity Authority CGWA - Central Ground Water Authority CITES - Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species CO - carbon monoxide COD - chemical oxygen demand CPCB - Central Pollution Control Board CRVA - Climate Risk and Vulnerability Assessment CSC - Construction Supervision Consultant CSMRS - Central Soil and Material Research Station CSR - Corporate Social Responsibility CWC - Central Water Commission DC - double circuit DFO - Divisional Forest Officer DG - diesel generating set DMU - discrete management unit DO - dissolved oxygen DPR - detailed project report d/s - downstream E&S - environment and social EA - executing agency EAC - Expert Appraisal Committee EARF - environmental assessment and review framework EC - environment clearance e-flow - environmental flow EHS - environment , health and safety EIA - environmental impact assessment EM oP - environmental monitoring plan EMP - environmental management plan EOT - electric overhead travelling crane EPC - engineering, procurement and construction ESCAP - United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Asia and Pacific ESO - Environmental and Safety Officer FFA - Framework Financing Agreement FGD - focused group discussion FRL - full reservoir level GHG - greenhouse gas GIS - geographical information system GoA - Government of Assam GoI - Government of India GRC - grievance redress committee GRM - grievance redress mechanism GSI - Geological Survey of India HEP - hydroelectric project HFL - highest flood level HRT - head race tunnel HSD - high speed diesel HT - high tension IA - implementing agency IFC - International Finance Corporation IMD - Indian Meteorological Department IRC - Indian Road Congress IUCN - International Union for Conservation of Nature IVI - important value index IWPA - Indian Wildlife Protection Act, 1972 LHS - left hand side LKHEP - Lower Kopili Hydroelectric Project LPG - liquefied petroleum gas LT - low tension Max - maximum MDDL - minimum draw down level MFF - multitranche financing facility Min - minimum MoEF&CC - Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change MoP - Ministry of Power MPH - main power house MSL - mean sea level MW - megawatt NAAQS - National Ambient Air Quality Standards N, S, E, W, - wind directions (north, south, east, west or combination of NE, SW, NW two directions like south west , north west ) NE - north eastern NEEPCO - North Eastern Electric Power Corporation Limited NGO - non -governmental organization NGT - India’s National Green Tribunal NH - national highway NOC - No Objection Certificate NO x - oxides of nitrogen NP - national park NPK - nitrogen, phosphates, and potassium NPL - National Physical Laboratory, U.K. NBWL - National Board for Wildlife of India OSHA - Occupational Safety and Health Administration PAH - project -affected household PAP - project affected persons PAF - project affected family PAS - protected areas PCC - Portland Cement Concrete PD - Project Director PFR - periodic financing request PM - particulate matter PIA - project influence area PIU - Project Implementation Unit PMSC - Project Management and Supervision Consultant PMU - Project Management Unit PPA - Power Purchase Agreement PPE - personal protective equipment PPT - parts per trillion PPTA - Project Preparatory Technical Assistance PUC - Pollution Under Control PWD - Public Works Department RCC - reinforced cement concrete REA - Rapid Environmental Assessment RFA - recorded forest area RHS - right hand side RoW - right of way R&R - Rehabilitation and Resettlement RSPM - respiratory suspended particulate matter RTDP - Resettlement and Tribal Development Plan SAARC - South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation SC - Scheduled Cast (n ame of a community in India ) SEIA - Supplemental Environmental Impact Assessment SEIAA - State Environmental Impact Assessment Authority SESC - Social and Environmental Safeguards Cell SH - state highway SIA - Social Impact Assessment SEMP - site -specific environmental management plan SO 2 - sulphur dioxide SoI - Survey of India SPCB - State Pollution Control Board SPL - sound pressure level SPM - suspended particulate matter SPS - ADB Safeguard Policy Statement, 2009 S/S - substation ST - scheduled tribes STP - sewage treatment plant TA - technical assistance T&D - transmission and distribution TDS - total dissolved solids TL - transmission line ToR - terms of reference TRC - tail race channel TSS - total suspended solids UA - urban agglomeration UNESCO - United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization u/s - upstream USEPA - United States Environmental Protection Agency UT - union territories WHC - water holding capacity WLS - Wildlife Sanctuary WWF - World Wildlife Fund ZSI - Zoological Survey of India WEIGHTS AND MEASURES dB(A) – A-weighted decibel ha – hectare km – kilometre km 2 – square kilometer kV - kilovolt (1000 volt) kW - kilowatt (1000 watt) kWh - kilowatt -hour KWA – kilowatt ampere Leq – equivalent continuous noise level µg – microgram M – meter MW (megawatt) – megawatt PM 2.5 or PM 10 – particulate matter of 2.5 micron or 10 micron size NOTES (i) The fiscal year (FY) of the Government of India and its agencies begins on 1 April and ends on March 31. “FY” before a calendar year denotes the year in which the fiscal year ends, e.g., FY2017 begins on 1 April 2016 and ends on 31 March 2017. (ii) In this report, "$" refers to United States dollars. This environmental impact assessment is a document of the borrower. The views expressed herein do not necessarily represent those of ADB's Board of Directors, Management, or staff and may be preliminary in nature. Your attention is directed to the “terms of use” section of ADB website. In preparing any country program or strategy, financing any project, or by making any designation of or reference to a particular territory or geographic area in this document, the Asian Development Bank does not intend to make any judgments as to the legal or other status of any territory or area . TABLE OF CONTENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY I I. INTRODUCTION 1 A. Background and Rational 1 B. Project Location and Key Features 2 C. Objective and Scope of the Study 2 D. Stages and Methodology Adopted for EIA Study 3 E. Structure of the Report 6 II. POLICY, LEGAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE FRAMEWORK 8 A. National (India) Environmental Legislation and Administrative Framework 8 B. Social Safeguards Regulatory Requirements of India and State 12 C. Applicable Environmental Standards 14 D. International Treaties and Relevance to the Project 14 E. ADB’s Safeguard Policy Statement Requirements 16 F. Category of the Project 17 G. Clearances and Approvals for the Project 18 III. PROJECT DESCRIPTION 20 A. Type of Project 20 B. Need for the Project 21 C. Location and Features of the Project 24 D. Project Components and Key Parameters 26 E. Project Cost and Project Benefits 58 F. Construction Programme and Planning 59 IV. DESCRIPTION OF THE BASELINE ENVIRONMENT 72 A. Introduction 72 B. Physical Resources 74 C. Biological Resources 108 D. Socio-economic Environment 123 V. ANTICIPATED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES 133 A. Introduction 133 B. Environmental Impact –Pre-construction Stage 134 C. Environmental Impacts - Construction Stage 137 D. Environmental Impacts - Operation Phase 187 E. Conclusions Regarding Potential Impacts, Mitigation, and Project Acceptability 190 VI. CUMULATIVE AND INDUCED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS 191 A. Introduction and Scope of Assessment 191 B. First Order Impacts 193 C. Second Order Impacts 200 D. Associated Facilities and Related Power Sector Investments 204 E. Sustainability Criteria Assessment 209 F. Conclusions 212 VII. CLIMATE CHANGE IMPACTS AND RISKS 214 A. Climate Projection 214 B. Climate Impacts 214 C. Screening Results 215 D. Required Actions / Recommendations 215 VIII. ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVES 217 A. Introduction 217 B. Assam Power Sector Context 217 C. Various Alternatives 220 D. Various Alternatives for LKHEP Components 222 IX. CONSULTATION, PARTICIPATION AND INFORMATION DISCLOSURE 225 A. Objectives of Consultations 225 B. Methodology used for Public Consultations 225 C. Consultation and Participation Process 226 D. Stakeholder Consultations 231 E. Public Hearing 233 F. Interaction with Local/National and International NGOs 234 G. Information Disclosure 235 X. GRIEVANCE REDRESS