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Florida State University Libraries Electronic Theses, Treatises and Dissertations The Graduate School 2018 Design and Implementing Multipurpose Sensor Network for Smart City Monitoring Donglin Cai Follow this and additional works at the DigiNole: FSU's Digital Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected] FLORIDA STATE UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTING MULTIPURPOSE SENSOR NETWORK FOR SMART CITY MONITORING By DONGLIN CAI A Thesis submitted to the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science 2018 Copyright c 2018 Donglin Cai. All Rights Reserved. Donglin Cai defended this thesis on July 19, 2018. The members of the supervisory committee were: Reza Arghandeh Professor Directing Thesis Sastry Pamidi Committee Member Simon Y. Foo Committee Member The Graduate School has verified and approved the above-named committee members, and certifies that the thesis has been approved in accordance with university requirements. ii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I would like to acknowledge the thank those people who supported and helped me not only in my thesis but through out the whole life during the research time. I will express my gratitude to my superadvisor, Dr. Reza Arghandeh, who always guide me and helped me all along the way of my reserch and even daily life. I can't image how can I finish this without his help. I also want to say thank you to my whole group worked on UrbanBox project, it's wonderful to have such great teammates who really helped me a lot. I would like to thank Dr. Simon Y. Foo and Dr. Petru Andrei to be my committee member. I thank my parents for alway supporting my education. iii TABLE OF CONTENTS List of Tables . vi List of Figures . vii Abstract . ix 1 Introduction 1 1.1 Introduction . .1 1.1.1 What is a Wireless Sensor Network . .2 1.1.2 How Do Sensor Networks Work . .2 1.1.3 What is Smart City . .3 1.1.4 Why Do We Need Smart Cities . .4 1.1.5 What Is the Challenge and Concerns of Smart Cities . .5 1.2 Objective . .6 1.3 Motivation . .6 2 State of the Art 9 2.1 State of the Art . .9 2.1.1 Array of Things . .9 2.1.2 Smart Citizen . 12 2.1.3 Citizen Sense . 13 3 UrbanBox Hardware Design 15 3.1 UrbanBox Design Idea . 15 3.1.1 Microcontroller Comparision . 15 3.2 Hardware List and Functions . 18 3.2.1 Light Sensor - Photo-resistor . 18 3.2.2 Gas Detection Sensor - Grove- Multichannel Gas Sensor RB-See-488 . 18 3.2.3 Dust Sensor - Grove- Sharp Dust Sensor . 18 3.2.4 Temperature and Humidity Sensor - DHT22 . 19 3.2.5 Sound Sensor - High Sensitivity Sound Microphone Sensor Detection Module 20 3.2.6 Camera - TTL Serial Camera . 21 3.2.7 Micro-SD Breakout Board . 21 3.2.8 Fona 808 Shield . 21 3.2.9 GPS Antenna - Passive GPS Antenna uFL . 22 3.2.10 Lithium Ion Polymer Battery . 23 3.2.11 Mini Fan . 24 3.2.12 Others . 24 3.3 Whole System Design and Connection . 24 3.3.1 System Demo . 26 iv 4 Networking and Communication 29 4.1 Introduction . 29 4.2 Networking . 29 4.2.1 4G Technology . 29 4.2.2 WiFi Technology . 30 4.2.3 Ethernet Technology . 30 4.3 WSN Network Topologies . 31 4.3.1 Components of a WSN Node . 31 4.4 UrbanBox Network . 32 4.4.1 MQTT Protocol . 33 4.4.2 UrbanBox Platform . 34 4.4.3 Data Size . 35 4.5 UrbanBox Software . 37 4.5.1 Arduino IDE . 37 5 Future Work 40 5.1 Future Work . 40 5.1.1 Sensors and Shields . 40 5.1.2 Mesh Network . 41 5.1.3 Soldering and PCB Design . 41 5.1.4 Backup Power Supply . 41 5.1.5 Software and Platform . 42 5.1.6 Application . 42 5.1.7 Data Analytics . 42 Appendix A Coding Part 43 A.1 Arduino Code . 43 A.2 Arduino-Fonahelper . 50 Bibliography . 52 Biographical Sketch . 55 v LIST OF TABLES 2.1 Sensor List for Array of Things . 11 2.2 Sensor List for Smart Citizen . 13 3.1 DHT22 Accuracy . 20 3.2 Sensor Pins Connection . 25 4.1 Control Packages in MQTT Protocol[27][18][33] . 34 vi LIST OF FIGURES 3.1 Arduino Uno Board . 16 3.2 Raspberry Pi 3 . 17 3.3 Light Sensor . 18 3.4 Gas Sensor . 19 3.5 Dust Sensor . 19 3.6 DHT22 Sensor . 20 3.7 Sound Sensor . 20 3.8 TTL Serial Camera . 21 3.9 Micro-SD Breakout Board . 22 3.10 Fona 808 Shield with Antenna . 22 3.11 GPS Antenna . 23 3.12 Lithium Ion Polymer Battery . 23 3.13 Mini Fan . 24 3.14 Hardware Wires Connection . 25 3.15 Hardware Diagram . 26 3.16 UrbanBox Demo 1 . 27 3.17 UrbanBox Demo 2 . 28 4.1 Three Network Topologies . 31 4.2 UrbanBox Network . 32 4.3 MQTT Publish/Subscribe . 33 4.4 Adafruit IO Feeds List for UrbanBox . 35 4.5 Temperature Plot in Adafruit IO . 35 4.6 Humidity Plot in Adafruit IO . 36.