A Review of the Status and Harvests Of Fish Stocks in the Sahtu and Metis Settlement Area, Including

D.B. Stewart

Central and Arctic Region Department of Fisheries and Oceans Winnipeg, Manitoba R3T 2N6

1996

Canadian Manuscript Report of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 2337

Fisheries and Oceans Pêches et Océans Canada Canada Canadian Manuscript Report of

Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 2337

1996

A REVIEW OF THE STATUS AND HARVESTS OF

FISH STOCKS IN THE SAHTU DENE AND METIS SETTLEMENT AREA,

INCLUDING GREAT BEAR LAKE

by

D.B. Stewart1

Central and Arctic Region

Department of Fisheries and Oceans

Winnipeg, Manitoba R3T 2N6

This is the 40th Manuscript Report

from the Central and Arctic Region, Winnipeg

1 Arctic Biological Consultants, Box 68, St. Norbert Postal Station, 95 Turnbull Drive, Winnipeg, MB, R3V 1L5. ii

PREFACE

This report was prepared under contract for the Department of Fisheries and Oceans, Central and Arctic Region, 501 University Crescent, Winnipeg, Manitoba, R3T 2N6. The Scientific Authority for this contract was Robert W. Moshenko of the Resource Management Division.

© Minister of Supply and Services Canada 1996

Cat. no. Fs 97-4/2337E ISSN 0706-6473

Correct citation for this report is:

Stewart, D.B. 1996. A review of the status and harvests of fish stocks in the Sahtu Dene and Metis Settlement Area, including Great Bear Lake. Can. Manuscr. Rep. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 2337: iv + 64 p. iii

TABLE OF CONTENTS Page

Page 4 A summary of harvest and creel census data for sport fishing lodges on Great Bear ABSTRACT/RÉSUMÉ ...... iv Lake, NWT...... 53 INTRODUCTION ...... 1 FORMAT ...... 1 5 Licences to take fish from the Sahtu Dene Fish harvests ...... 1 and Metis Settlement Area for scientific Sahtu except Great Bear Lake Basin ...... 2 purposes issued by the Department of Great Bear Lake Basin ...... 3 Fisheries and Oceans (DFO), Central and Sport fishing lodges ...... 4 Arctic Region, to DFO (1990-94) and non- Fisheries research licences...... 5 DFO (1985-94) researchers ...... 59 DISCUSSION...... 5 Migratory fish stocks...... 5 Great Bear Lake sport fishery ...... 6 LIST OF APPENDICES ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ...... 7 REFERENCES...... 7 Appendix Page PERSONAL COMMUNICATIONS...... 15 1 Fish species reported from the drainage basin within the Sahtu LIST OF FIGURES Dene and Metis Settlement Area ..... 60

Figure Page

1 Map of the Sahtu Dene and Metis Settlement Area showing major river drainage basins and communities .... 17

2 Key to the names of selected Mackenzie River tributaries in the Sahtu Dene and Metis Settlement Area...... 18

3 Sport fishing lodges and outposts on Great Bear Lake, and the management areas used by DFO for the lake trout sport fishery ...... 19

4 Areas of Great Bear Lake fished by guests of the sport lodges ...... 20

LIST OF TABLES

Table Page

1 Harvests of fishes from the Sahtu Dene and Metis Settlement area, except Great Bear Lake drainage basin, by community and waterbody ...... 21

2 Harvests of fishes from Great Bear Lake, NWT ...... 40

3 Harvests of fishes from tributaries of Great Bear Lake, NWT ...... 48 iv

ABSTRACT et des stocks de poisson du bassin hydrographique du Grand Lac de l'Ours de manière distincte; les Stewart, D.B. 1996. A review of the status and renseignements pertinents ont éte présentés en harvests of fish stocks in the Sahtu Dene ordre alphabétique selon le nom géographique, puis and Metis Settlement Area, including Great l'espèce visée. De plus, on présente un résumé des Bear Lake. Can. Manuscr. Rep. Fish. dernières recommandations du MPO concernant la Aquat. Sci. 2337: iv + 64 p. gestion de la pêche et des stocks, accompagné d'une liste de références. Le document comprend This document was prepared to assist the également des renseignements sur les camps de Department of Fisheries and Oceans (DFO) and the pêche sportive et sur les permis délivrés par le MPO Sahtu Renewable Resources Board to co-manage à des fins scientifiques pour la région visée par fisheries in the Sahtu Dene and Metis Settlement l'entente, et ce, depuis 1985. Area. It reviews information on stocks of fishes that are harvested for subsistence, commerce and sport Mots clés: Arctique; fleuve Mackenzie; delta du in the Settlement Area, including Great Bear Lake. Mackenzie; Territoires du Nord-Ouest; The information is current to February 1995. It is gestion de la pêche; pêche de subsistance; summarized in tables that are organized pêche commerciale; pêche sportive; hierarchically by community, waterbody, and then statistiques sur les prises. species. Fisheries and stocks in the Great Bear Lake drainage basin are treated separately and organized alphabetically by geographical name and then species. Recent recommendations by DFO concerning management of the fisheries or stocks are summarized, with a list of pertinent references. Information is also provided on sport fishing lodges operating on Great Bear Lake, and on Scientific Licences issued by DFO since 1985 for research in the Settlement Area.

Key words: Arctic zone; Mackenzie River; ; fishery management; subsistence fishing; commercial fishing; sport fishing; catch statistics.

RÉSUMÉ

Stewart, D.B. 1996. A review of the status and harvests of fish stocks in the Sahtu Dene and Metis Settlement Area, including Great Bear Lake. Can. Manuscr. Rep. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 2337: iv + 64 p.

Ce document a pour objet d'aider le ministère des Pêches et des Océans (MPO) et le Conseil des ressources renouvelables des Sahtu à gérer conjointement la pêche dans la région visée par l'entente conclue avec les Métis et les Dénés du Sahtu. Il contient des renseignements sur l'état des stocks de poissons capturés à des fins sportives, commerciales et de subsistance, dans cette région, qui comprend le Grand Lac de l'Ours. Ces donées sont valides jusqu'en février 1995. Au moyen de tableaux, on en fait la synthèse de manière hiérarchique, selon la localité, le cours d'eau, puis l'espèce visée. On a abordé la question de la pêche 1

INTRODUCTION stock data organized alphabetically by geographical name and then taxa. One of the provisions of the Sahtu Dene and Metis Comprehensive Land Claim Agreement which These tables summarize information from was approved by Order in Council on 23 June 1994, studies directed towards the assessment and was the establishment of a Renewable Resources management of commercial and sport fisheries. Board (hereafter Board). This seven member board, They do not summarize other scientific research with equal representation of the Sahtu Tribal Council directed towards a more general understanding of and Government, plus a chairperson, was appointed the aquatic environment. To bridge this gap, brief in November 1995. It is charged with making all lists of general aquatic studies are provided, below, decisions about wildlife management in the Sahtu for the Settlement Area and Great Bear Lake basin. Dene and Metis Settlement Area (Settlement Area) Resource maps in the Northern Land Use (Fig. 1), including those on many matters formerly Information Series (NLUIS), which were produced controlled by the federal Department of Fisheries between 1974 and 1976 by the Lands Directorate of and Oceans (DFO), the Canadian Wildlife Service, the Department of Fisheries and Environment, are and the territorial Department of Renewable also useful general references. They are referred to Resources. These decisions remain subject to in text by number (e.g. NLUIS 96M) and are review by the appropriate Minister of the available from the Surveys and Mapping Branch of Government of Canada or Minister of the the Department of Energy, Mines, and Resources in Government of the Northwest Territories. Ottawa.

The purpose of this work is to provide the Board and DFO with a summary of the present FISH HARVESTS (TABLES 1 to 3) status of fish stocks harvested in the Settlement Area (Fig. 1). These stocks are harvested for Each fishing location is identified by its subsistence, commerce and sport, mostly by Sahtu proper geographical name (Canada 1980; NLUIS), Dene and Metis beneficiaries of the land claim and a latitude and longitude. In some cases, a local agreement and by visiting sport fishermen. In name or geographical feature is also included in recognition of its unique management requirements brackets. The map coordinates were taken from and importance as a sport fishery, this report treats Schedule V of the Northwest Territories Fishery the Great Bear Lake drainage basin separately from Regulations, from the source of the data, or the rest of the Settlement Area. determined from 1:250,000 scale topographical maps. The published and unpublished sources of information in this summary were identified by The quota and harvest years are the same searches of bibliographic databases and published as the federal government fiscal year (e.g. the 1995 bibliographies, and by discussions with people quota extends from 1 April 1995 to 31 March 1996). knowledgeable of fisheries resources in the region. They are not the normal calendar years. The bibliographic databases searched were the Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Abstracts (ASFA), Unless otherwise indicated, the harvest Arctic Science and Technology Information System statistics are for commercial fisheries and in (ASTIS), and the Department of Fisheries and kilograms round weight. A round weight is for a Oceans library database, WAVES. DFO files were whole fish, while a dressed weight is for a fish with also searched for unpublished information. the viscera and gills removed. It was not always possible to separate the harvests by species for mixed species fisheries, or to determine how the data were collected. In some instances the FORMAT commercial harvest data are from export or local sales records, in others from survey questionnaires. The summary is presented in tabular form, The former tend to be conservative as they do not with the fishery data organized hierarchically first by estimate culls and personal use. The latter are community and then by waterbody and taxa. The prone to survey biases that can lead to over or under objective of this is to enable the Board and DFO to estimates of the harvests, and to double counting of quickly review the data on a community or species fish harvested for sale or subsistence. In most years basis. Data from the Great Bear Lake drainage these data are incomplete as not all active fishermen basin are treated separately, with the fishery and reported their harvests (L. Anderson, pers. comm.). 2

Likewise, species may not always be correctly been included together with a brief summary of the identified, particularly the whitefishes and ciscos. study results. Care, then, must be taken when interpreting these data. For each waterbody with harvest data, the table identifies the species harvested and provides the harvest quota(s), the most recent harvest data, Sahtu except Great Bear Lake basin a summary of stock status if available, and a list of pertinent references. Species are treated separately Information on the harvests of freshwater if they have separate quotas. For each waterbody fishes from waterbodies in the Settlement Area, without harvest data, the table summarizes and excluding the Great Bear Lake drainage basin, is references the results of pertinent fisheries research. summarized in Table 1. The communities, in the The number of species reported by these studies order they are discussed are: Colville Lake, Déline precludes listing them individually for each (formerly Fort Franklin), Fort Good Hope, Fort waterbody. Species reported by the studies Norman, and . Waterbodies fished by examined are listed in Appendix 1 for selected their residents, or in the vicinity, are listed waterbodies. This listing is intended to support the alphabetically for each community. Where several comments in Tables 1 to 3. It is not the result of an species are harvested at a waterbody, they are listed exhaustive review of the literature on species' alphabetically by common name. The Latin occurrences. scientific name for each species is given in Appendix 2. Waterbodies in the Coppermine, Hornaday, and All site specific harvest data located during Nahanni river drainage basins that could not be this work for the Settlement Area, except Great Bear assigned to a particular community are discussed Lake basin, are summarized in Table 1. Non-site following the community summaries. specific community harvest data have also been included, where available, for comparison. Treble Where a waterbody is fished by more than (1996) has summarized the pre-1990 community one community, cross references have been harvest data in detail for subsistence and included to avoid repetition. Cross references to commercial fisheries of the lower Mackenzie River. waterbodies within the same community section are indicated by "see above" or "see below"; those to The harvest quotas are derived by various waterbodies within another community section are methods, and some more closely reflect the stock indicated by the community name and waterbody status than others. The quotas of active commercial (e.g. see COLVILLE LAKE--Anderson River). and sport fisheries are reassessed annually by DFO. If information from the harvesters or from sampling Included in Table 1 are those waterbodies suggests that the fishery is not sustainable then the that have a record of commercial, subsistence or quota is adjusted downward. If that information sport harvest, or are listed in Schedule V of the suggests under-utilization then it may be adjusted Northwest Territories Fishery Regulations. There upward, in the case of a commercial fishery, or be have been few commercial fisheries for export sale kept as is to improve the quality of the fishery, in the in the Settlement Area, so few of its waterbodies case of a trophy sport fishery. The experimental have a record of harvest or stock assessment. This quotas, in square brackets, are interim quotas is in marked contrast to the Nunavut Settlement assigned for the purpose of obtaining samples from Area, where many stocks of anadromous Arctic a fishery. In the past, experimental fisheries were charr have been harvested for commercial export known as exploratory or test fisheries. Abbreviations since the 1950's, and for which there are detailed are used to indicate years when a harvest may have harvest records and ongoing stock assessments taken place but that no data are available "(NA)", (Stewart 1994). However, many of the waterbodies and when a waterbody was opened for fishing by for which no harvest data were found do play a vital Variation Order but not fished "(NF)". role in the regional fisheries. They provide critical spawning and nursery habitats for fishes, and The general comments column of the tables support important subsistence and sport harvests. provides a brief summary of the information Studies to predict the potential impacts of pipeline available for each waterbody. It tells whether there and highway developments have documented the is an established or experimental fishery, active or importance of a number of these waterbodies. inactive or in conflict with other fisheries; when it was Where such information exists, the waterbody has last sampled for or by DFO; what is known of the stock status; whether spawning or nursery habitats 3 have been identified in the system; and recent 1974; Slaney and Co. 1974; Jessop and Lilley 1975; recommendations by DFO concerning management Sutherland and Gohlke 1978; McCart 1982; of the fishery. Comments on habitat use and subsistence harvests are summaries of site-specific species accounts of: McPhail and Lindsey 1970; aquatic resource assessment research. Reference Reist and Bond 1988; Reist and Chang-Kue 1996; material pertinent to each fishery is listed in brackets and, and cited in full in the bibliography. reviews of: Doran 1974; Brunskill 1986; McCart General information for communities is 1986; Rosenberg 1986; and Bodaly et al. 1989. discussed under community headings (e.g. Colville Lake general area), whereas site-specific harvest data are discussed under the appropriate waterbody Great Bear Lake basin or Mackenzie Delta management area. The community data are of limited use to fishery Information on the harvests of freshwater managers since the location of the harvest is fishes in the Great Bear Lake drainage basin is unknown. Nevertheless, representative, recent summarized for Great Bear Lake (Table 2), and for community harvest data have been included for its tributaries (Table 3). Within each of these tables, comparison. the information is organized alphabetically by fishery location and then by species. Nearly all of these There are few data available on subsistence harvests were by residents of Déline (formerly Fort harvests in the Settlement Area. Indeed, many of Franklin), or visiting sport fishermen. those described here were documented in the late 1960's to mid-1970's, and their present status and In Table 2, the primary fishery locations are extent have not been documented. Descriptions of the six management areas that DFO has used to the subsistence fisheries can be found in Wynne- manage the trophy lake trout fishery (Fig. 3) Edwards 1947; Bissett 1972; Villiers 1968; Lutra (Roberge and Dunn 1988). Each of these areas has Associates Ltd. 1989; and Rawson Academy of a distinct fishery that relies on local stocks of lake Aquatic Sciences 1990. DFO recently completed a trout--the central area of the lake was not discussed survey of Sahtu communities for information on since no fishery data were found. Fisheries included subsistence fisheries (Taptuna and Low 1995). It in Table 2, have a record of either subsistence, was designed to gather information on usage experimental, or sport harvest--with two exceptions. patterns, the importance of various fish species, A number of experimental fisheries are listed in the fishing locations, and the type of fishing gear used-- summary tables without their ever having been not to estimate harvests. Within a year of its fished. They are included to highlight areas where establishment, the Board will initiate a 5 year harvest there may be an ongoing interest in the commercial study to provide information on harvesting necessary harvest of fishes. Where the location and harvest of for the effective management of fish in the experimental scientific fisheries could be identified, Settlement Area. that information was also included due to the paucity of data available for Great Bear Lake. Sport fishing limits are listed in the annual Sports Fishing Guide for the Northwest Territories. Fisheries included in Table 3, have a record These limits are generally lower for Great Bear Lake, of either subsistence or sport harvest, or are listed in which is managed as a trophy fishery, than they are Schedule V of the Northwest Territories Fishery for other parts of the Settlement Area. Special Regulations--with two exceptions. A number of limitations on sport fishing in the Great Bear Lake experimental scientific fisheries were included to Special Management Area are described below, in direct readers to some of the only published the discussion section. fisheries information for the tributaries of Great Bear Lake. Likewise, a number of subsistence fisheries A more general understanding of the aquatic for which harvest data are not available were environment of Settlement Area, outside the Great included since these are areas where there is Bear Lake drainage basin, can be gained from the: ongoing interest in the harvest of fishes. aquatic resource assessments of: Shotton 1971, 1973; Hatfield et al. 1972; Brunskill et al. 1973 a+b; Dryden et al. 1973; Stein et al. 1973; Jessop et al. 1974; McCart et al. 1974; Schultz International Ltd. 4

For each fishery, the tables identify the The Great Bear Lake Working Group (1985), species harvested and provide the harvest quota(s), which consisted of aboriginal and government the most recent harvest data, a summary of stock members, prepared a thoughtful examination of the status, and a list of pertinent references. Species management issues facing in the Great Bear Lake are treated separately if they have separate quotas. fishery. They recommended a number of management goals and a strategy and process for Few fisheries in the Great Bear Lake consideration in the development of a long-term drainage basin have harvest quotas. Whitefish Lake fishery management program for the lake. (Table 3) is the only area that has been assigned a Yaremchuk (1986) summarized the results of a nine commercial harvest quota, and that fishery is year study by DFO of the sport fishing exploitation of apparently inactive. The experimental quotas, in lake trout on Great Bear Lake. He also described square brackets, are interim quotas assigned for the the nature of the resource and management options. purpose of obtaining samples from a fishery. Based on trends in harvest and biological data, DFO has A more general understanding of the aquatic recommended "total allowable harvests" (TAH) for environment of Great Bear Lake and its tributaries, the sport fisheries for lake trout in each arm of Great can be gained from the: Bear Lake. The quotas of active commercial fisheries and recommended TAH of active sport aquatic resource surveys of: Wong and Whillans fisheries are reassessed annually by DFO. If 1973; Stewart and MacDonald 1978; Sutherland and information from the harvesters or from sampling Gohlke 1978; and Chang-Kue and Cameron 1980; suggests that the fishery is not sustainable then the quota or recommended TAH is adjusted downward. limnological studies of Great Bear Lake by: If that information suggests under-utilization then it Miller 1947; Johnson 1975b+c; and Moore 1980, may be adjusted upward. Abbreviations were used 1981; and to indicate years when a harvest may have taken place but that no data are available "(NA)", and species accounts of: Miller 1946; Miller and when a body of water was opened for fishing by Kennedy 1948a+b; Kennedy 1949, 1953; Healey Variation Order but not fished "(NF)". 1975, 1978; Johnson 1973, 1975c, 1976; and Martin and Olver 1980. The general comments column of the tables provides a brief summary of the information available for each fishery. It tells whether a fishery SPORT FISHING LODGES (TABLE 4) is established or experimental, active or inactive, or in conflict with other fisheries; when it was last Table 4 summarizes information on the sport sampled for or by DFO; what is known of the stock fishing lodges of Great Bear Lake (Fig. 3). Outfitters status; and recent recommendations by DFO operating from communities or with moveable concerning management of the fishery. The camps are not included in this summary, as this discussions of stock status, and any management information is not readily available. The lodges are recommendations, are based on assessments of the listed alphabetically. In a general comment for each Arctic Fisheries Science Advisory Committee lodge are listed its latitude and longitude, operating (Clarke et al. 1989) and discussions with fishery season, guest bed capacity, targeted fish species, managers. Reference material pertinent to each outpost camp locations, recent operating history, fishery is listed in brackets and cited in full in the participation in fishery management studies, and bibliography. pertinent references. Beneath this comment the fish species harvested are listed alphabetically. Harvest There are few data available on subsistence data for each species are listed by year. They harvests in the Great Bear Lake drainage basin. include an estimate of the number of fish killed by Indeed, many of those described here were the sport fishery, the average number of fish caught documented in the 1960's and early 1970's, and per angler hour, and an estimate of the total number their present status and extent have not been of angler days. The sources of these data are documented. Descriptions of these fisheries can be described and referenced in a comments section. found in Osgood (1932), Villiers (1967), Bissett (1972), Morris (1972), Rushforth (1976), Hall (1978), Sport fishing lodges also operate on Colville Great Bear Lake Working Group (1985), Lutra Lake and Wrigley Lake. Neither of these operations Associates Ltd. (1988), Rawson Academy of Aquatic has been monitored for harvest data in the manner Sciences (1990), and Taptuna and Low (1995). of the lodges on Great Bear Lake. Their operations 5

are described briefly in Table 1 (see COLVILLE seasonal basis at known locations. Some of them, LAKE--Colville lake; FORT NORMAN--Wrigley perhaps all, also have discrete spawning stocks. Lake). Consequently, fishermen at a given location and season may be harvesting fish from a number of different stocks. FISHERIES RESEARCH LICENCES (TABLE 5) In terms of Table 1, this means that the Table 5 summarizes information on the harvest data for fisheries in the Mackenzie River and Scientific Licences that DFO has issued to its its larger tributaries do not relate to a single local personnel or to non-DFO personnel since 1985, for population. Rather, they relate to a number of work in the Settlement Area (J.T. Strong, pers. spawning stocks which may be distant from the comm.). These licences permit them to take fish for harvest site. Fisheries in the lower reaches of the scientific purposes. This information is organized Mackenzie Basin, then, directly affect those in the alphabetically by licence holder. The area where the upper reaches, and vice versa. This is also true, but research was to take place, its purpose, and the to a lesser extent, for species that undertake shorter year for which the licence was issued are shown for seasonal migrations such as Arctic grayling, each licence holder. The years refer to the federal longnose sucker, and walleye. This makes it very government fiscal year (see above). The outcome difficult for fishery managers to determine the level of the research is not discussed, but documents of harvest that can be sustained at a particular located are referenced. location by a particular species, and to estimate the harvest pressure on a given fish stock. It also In 1994, DFO began to distinguish between makes it increasingly important that managers studies that take fish for scientific, educational, and understand stock dynamics and estimate stock size public display purposes (J.T. Strong, pers. comm.) (Tallman 1996). Since then, separate licences have been issued for each type of study, and studies that do not take fish The complexities of identifying the individual (e.g. behavioural observations) no longer require a stocks, estimating stock size, and determining the Scientific Licence. These licences are now issued extent to which each is harvested by the various under Section 52 of the Fishery (General) fisheries makes management of this resource in the Regulations. Mackenzie basin extremely difficult. It emphasizes the need for close cooperation between resource management boards in the Inuvialuit, Gwich'in, and Sahtu settlement areas. DISCUSSION DFO and others have undertaken a number In addition to the management concerns of genetic studies of fishes in the Sahtu Dene and typical of northern, inland freshwater systems, Metis Settlement Area for the purpose of stock fishery managers in the Settlement Area face two identification. Bickham et al. (1989), Lockwood and important and fundamentally different management Bickham (1989), Morales et al. (1989), Troy (1989), problems: 1) the migratory fish stocks in the and Dillinger et al. (1992) have studied the genetics Mackenzie River basin, and 2) the trophy lake trout of migratory Arctic cisco in the Carcajou and fishery on Great Bear Lake. Mountain rivers; and Reist (1990, 1996a) broad whitefish from The Upper Ramparts area of the Mackenzie River, and various species at other MIGRATORY FISH STOCKS locations (Reist 1987).

A number of the fish species harvested in Movements of migratory coregonids, Arctic the Sahtu Dene and Metis Settlement Area migrate grayling, burbot, longnose sucker, northern pike, long distances on a seasonal basis each year. walleye, and other fish species have been studied in These movements have important ramifications for the Mackenzie Basin using mark-recapture tagging the interpretation of Table 1 and for fishery experiments (e.g. Hatfield et al. 1972; Stein et al. management in the Settlement Area. Long distance 1973; Jessop et al. 1974; Jessop and Lilley 1975; migrants such as Arctic cisco, broad whitefish, and Babaluk et al. 1996). Radio tags have also been inconnu may be vulnerable to harvest by Inuvialuit, used to follow the seasonal movemements of broad Gwich'in, Sahtu, and Deh Cho fisheries. These and lake whitefish in the Mackenzie delta and basin fishes are predictably available to harvesters on a (Chang-Kue and Jessop 1983, 1992, 1996). 6

Inconnu tagged near Tsiigehtchic, for example, have fishery management should be considered. A been captured a year later 1,104 km upstream in the wealth of information was collected by these large- (Jessop and Lilley 1975), and broad scale studies, much of which has never been whitefish tagged at Kukjuktuk Creek on the analysed or presented in detail. Such a review might Tuktoyaktuk Peninsula have been recaptured at The provide data useful for the management of broad Upper Ramparts upstream from Fort Good Hope whitefish and other fishes in the Mackenzie River (Chang-Kue and Jessop 1992). drainage of the Settlement Area.

Radio telemetry, sonar, and fishing techniques have also been used together to locate GREAT BEAR LAKE SPORT FISHERY spawning areas for broad whitefish in the Mackenzie River, at The Upper Ramparts and various Since Yaremchuck (1986) summarized downstream locations (Chang-Kue and Jessop information on the Great Bear Lake sport fishery, 1996). there have been a number of changes in its operation. In the past, relocation, bankruptcy, and At present, broad whitefish present perhaps changes in ownership have periodically led to the most important stock management problems in temporary closure of a lodge for a year or so. At the Sahtu Dene and Metis Settlement Area, outside present, the Arctic Circle, Branson's, and Great Bear the Great Bear Lake basin (Tallman and Reist Lake lodges are all temporarily closed (C. Plummer, 1996a; Reist 1996b). They migrate between the pers. comm.). Only Plummer's Great Bear Lake Inuvialuit, Gwich'in, and Sahtu settlement areas Lodge and Trophy Lodge have operated on a regular where they are an important part of the subsistence basis since 1990. harvests. Because of their anadromous lifestyle the migrants are relatively free of the parasite In addition to their own lodge, the Plummers Triaenophorus crassus, which infects whitefish and now manage the Arctic Circle, Great Bear Lake, and lowers their commercial value (Dick 1996). Trophy lodges (C. Plummer, pers. comm.). They own these lodges jointly with the Metis Development Their predictable availability in large Corporation, which is the majority shareholder, numbers and relatively parasite-free flesh, has made under 902848 NWT Ltd.. Negotiations are underway broad whitefish a target for many economic to amalgamate with Branson's Lodge which is now development initiatives over the past 30 years. owned by the community of Déline. When that is None of these has proven to be economically viable completed, Plummers will manage all of the lodges (Stewart et al. 1993; Anderson 1995). The most on the lake and be part owner of the other four recent of these, an experimental fishery by the lodges. They plan to extend their policy of catch and Uummarmiut Development Corporation in the release for large lake trout, and to implement a Inuvialuit Settlement Area, began in 1989 and rotational fishery whereby individual lodges will be operated through 1993 (Treble and Dahlke 1994; closed periodically for a few years to enable the trout Treble and Tallman 1996; G. Fricke pers. comm.). stocks to recover. This fishery and its future development is of particular importance to the management of broad In 1991, to conserve the trophy sport fishery, whitefish stocks in the Sahtu Dene and Metis Great Bear Lake and its tributaries were designated Settlement Area, since it is likely to be targeting a Special Management Area (Northwest Territories many of the same stocks that support the Fishery Regulations). Anglers who wish to fish the subsistence harvest. area require both a Sport Fishing Licence and a Special Management Area Licence. Within this area Recent work by DFO under the Inuvialuit the daily catch limit and the possession limit for lake Final Agreement (Tallman and Reist 1996b) has trout (1 and 2) are lower than the general limits for significantly improved the understanding of these the Northwest Territories. These limits apply to stocks by fishery managers; however, the scale and Great Bear Lake, the Camsell River from Great Bear complexity of the problem is such that it will require Lake upstream to White Eagle Falls, and all other many years of research before the stocks dynamics tributaries of Great Bear Lake from their mouths to are clearly understood. 1 km upstream.

A revisiting of data from the aquatic resource assessments conducted for the Mackenzie Valley pipeline and Dempster Highway, directed toward 7

Prior to 1974, the daily catch and possession kindly provided background information on the Great limits for lake trout at Great Bear Lake, were 5 and Bear Lake sport fishery, and for reviewing the 10 respectively (Yaremchuk 1986). These limits penultimate draft of the Great Bear Lake portions of were reduced in 1974 to 3 and 5, in 1979 to 2 and 3, the manuscript. and in 1991 to 1 and 2. These reductions were implemented to ensure a sustainable fishery for large trophy lake trout (R. Moshenko, pers. comm.) In 1991, the daily catch and possession limits for REFERENCES Arctic grayling and northern pike at Great Bear Lake were reduced from 5 and 10 to 2 and 3. ANDERSON, L. E. 1995. Economic potential of the Mackenzie Delta broad whitefish exploratory The areas of Great Bear Lake fished by fishery. Can. Manuscr. Rep. Fish. Aquat. guests of the sport lodges are shown on Figure 4. Sci. 2319: iv + 17 p. These areas were originally delimited by Roberge and Dunn (1988) and recently updated by C. ANDERSON, L. E., and P. C. THOMPSON. 1991. Plummer (pers. comm.). They are now somewhat Development and implementation of the greater than those given by Roberge and Dunn angler diary monitoring program for Great (1988), who based their maps on creel census data Bear Lake, Northwest Territories. Am. Fish. from the 1984-5 fishing season. Yaremchuk (1986) Soc. Symp. 12: 457-475. shows fishing as taking place along more of the lake's northern shoreline, and in the middle of Smith BABALUK, J., R. WASTEL, and M. TREBLE. 1996. and Dease arms. These areas are only fished on Broad whitefish T- bar anchor tagging in the occasion. Mackenzie River delta, p. XX-XX. In R.F. Tallman and J.D. Reist (ed.) The Declining total sport harvests in the 1970's proceedings of the broad whitefish and 1980's (Table 4) do not necessarily reflect a workshop: the biology, traditional decline in the fish population. Mostly, they reflect the knowledge and scientific management of effects of decreasing catch and possession limits, broad whitefish in the lower Mackenzie and changes in lodge policy to encourage anglers to River. Can. Tech. Rep. Fish. Aquat. Sci. (in catch and release trophy fish. press)

BERKES, F. 1990. Native subsistence fisheries: a synthesis of harvest studies in Canada. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Arctic 43(1): 35-42.

Laura Anderson, Ken Chang-Kue, Colette BICKHAM, J. W., S. M. CARR, B. G. HANKS, D. W. Craig, Chris Day, Mary Layton, Dave Moshenko, BURTON, and B. J. GALLAWAY. 1989. Robert Moshenko and Ross Tallman of DFO, Genetic analysis of population variation in Winnipeg; George Low and Fred Taptuna of DFO, the Arctic cisco (Coregonus autumnalis) ; Margaret Treble of the University of using electrophoretic, flow cytometric, and Manitoba; and Cécile Stewart of Arctic Biological mitochondrial DNA restriction analyses. Consultants gave freely of their time and expertise. Biol. Pap. Univ. Alsk. 24: 112-122. They provided much of the information in this report and undertook careful reviews of the manuscript at BISSETT, D. 1972. A preliminary discussion paper various stages. Blair Dunn of DFO, Winnipeg, kindly on domestic fisheries in the Mackenzie prepared the base maps. Gary Carder, Bruce Fallis, Valley. Unpublished report by Economic Lyle Lockhart, Jim Reist, Tom Strong and Dan Staff Group, Canada Department of Topolniski of DFO, Winnipeg; D. Grindlay of GNWT Northern Affairs and National Resources in Economic Development, Yellowknife; Walter Bayha cooperation with the Fisheries Development of GNWT Renewable Resources, Déline; and many Service of Department of Industry and others also provided welcome information and Development, Government of the Northwest advice. Your participation has greatly strengthened Territories. 27 MS p. [copy in DFO Library, this work and I thank you. Winnipeg]

I thank especially, Chummy Plummer of Plummer's Arctic Fishing Lodges in Winnipeg for 8

BODALY, R. A., J. D. REIST, D. M. ROSENBERG, Coregonid migration studies at Kukjuktuk P. J. McCART, and R. E. HECKEY. 1989. Creek, a coastal drainage on the Fish and fisheries of the Mackenzie and Tuktoyaktuk Peninsula, Northwest Churchill river basins, northern Canada, p. Territories. Can. Tech. Rep. Fish. Aquat. 128-144. In D.P. Dodge [ed.] Proceedings Sci. 1811: ix + 112 p. of the International Large River Symposium. Can. Spec. Publ. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 106. CHANG-KUE, K. T. J., and E. JESSOP. 1996. Determination of spawning and BRUNSKILL, G. J. 1986. Environmental features over-wintering areas of broad whitefish with of the Mackenzie system, p. 435-471. In radio telemetry in the lower Mackenzie B.R. Davies and K.F. Walker (ed.) The River, 1982-1993, p. XX-XX. In R.F. ecology of river systems. Dordrecht, The Tallman and J.D. Reist (ed.) The Netherlands: Dr. W. Junk. proceedings of the broad whitefish workshop: the biology, traditional BRUNSKILL, G. J., D. M. ROSENBERG, N. B. knowledge and scientific management of SNOW, G. L. VASCOTTO, and R. broad whitefish in the lower Mackenzie WAGEMANN. 1973a. Ecological studies of River. Can. Tech. Rep. Fish. Aquat. Sci. (in aquatic systems in the Mackenzie-Porcupine press). drainages in relation to proposed pipeline and highway developments, Volume 1. CLARKE, R. M., L. JOHNSON, G. D. KOSHINSKY, Environmental-Social Committee Northern A. W. MANSFIELD, R. W. MOSHENKO, Pipelines, Task Force on Northern Oil and T. A. SHORTT. 1989. Report of the Development Rep. 73-40: viii + 131 p. Arctic Fisheries Science Advisory Committee for 1986/87 and 1987/88. Can. BRUNSKILL, G. J., D. M. ROSENBERG, N. B. Manuscr. Rep. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 2015: iv + SNOW, and R. WAGEMANN. 1973b. 68 p. Ecological studies of aquatic systems in the Mackenzie- Porcupine drainages in relation DAWSON, C. 1985. Analysis of fish tissues for to proposed pipeline and highway light hydrocarbon contamination. developments, Volume 2. Appendices. Unpublished report prepared by the Environmental-Social Committee Northern Research Department, Esso Resources Pipelines, Task Force on Northern Oil Canada Limited, Calgary, AB. 7 p. Development Rep. 73-41: 345 p. deGRAFF, D., and P. McCART. 1974. Effects of CANADA. 1980. Gazeteer of Canada. Northwest disturbance on the benthic fauna of small Territories. Ottawa: Department of Energy, streams in the vicinity of Norman Wells, Mines, and Resources. xiv + 184 p. + map. N.W.T.. In P.J. McCart (ed.) Fisheries research associated with the proposed gas pipeline routes in Alaska, and CHANG-KUE, K. T. J., and R. T. CAMERON. 1980. Northwest Territories. Arctic Gas Biological A survey of the fish resources of the Great Report Series 15(Chapter 4): iii + 32 p. Bear River, Northwest Territories, 1974. Can. Fish. Mar. Serv. Manuscr. Rep. 1510: DEPARTMENT OF FISHERIES AND OCEANS. vi + 59 p. 1991. Annual summary of fish and marine mammal harvest data for the Northwest CHANG-KUE, K. T. J., and E. F. JESSOP. 1983. Territories, Volume 1, 1988-1989: v + 59 p. Tracking the movements of adult broad whitefish (Coregonus nasus) to their spawning grounds in the Mackenzie River, DEPARTMENT OF FISHERIES AND OCEANS. Northwest Territories, p. 248-266. In D.G. 1992a. Annual summary of fish and marine Pincock (ed.) Proceedings Fourth mammal harvest data for the Northwest International Conference on Wildlife Territories, Volume 2, 1989-1990: xiv + 61 Biotelemetry, August 22-24, 1983, Halifax, p. Nova Scotia. DEPARTMENT OF FISHERIES AND OCEANS. CHANG-KUE, K. T. J., and E. F. JESSOP. 1992. 1992b. Annual summary of fish and marine 9

mammal harvest data for the Northwest adjacent areas, N.W.T., 1984-5. Can. Data Territories, Volume 3, 1990-1991: xiv + 67 Rep. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 757: v + 48 p. p. EDT (ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT AND DEPARTMENT OF FISHERIES AND OCEANS. TOURISM, G. 1995. Northwest Territories 1993. Annual summary of fish and marine explorer's guide. Yellowknife: Outcrop Ltd. mammal harvest data for the Northwest (see also the volumes for 1988-94). Territories, Volume 4, 1991-1992: xiv + 69 p. ENVIROCON LTD. 1981. A survey of fish rearing areas and hydrocarbon analysis of water DEPARTMENT OF FISHERIES AND OCEANS. samples from the Mackenzie River near 1994. Annual summary of fish and marine Norman Wells, N.W.T. Unpublished report mammal harvest data for the Northwest prepared by Envirocon Ltd., Calgary, for Territories, Volume 5, 1992-1993: xvii + 104 Esso Resources Canada Ltd., Calgary. 32 p. p. + maps + appendices.

DEPARTMENT OF FISHERIES AND OCEANS. ESL, and P. McCART. 1986. Assessment of 1995. Annual summary of fish and marine freshwater impacts from the Norman Wells mammal harvest data for the Northwest oilfield development, Part 3. Unpublished Territories, Volume 6, 1993-1994: xv + 80 report prepared by ESL Environmental p. Sciences Limited for the Seakem Group and P. McCart Biological Consultants Limited, DICK, T. 1996. Parasites in broad whitefish, p. for Environmental Protection Service, XX-XX. In R.F. Tallman and J.D. Reist (ed.) Yellowknife, NWT. The proceedings of the broad whitefish workshop: the biology, traditional FALK, M. R., and L. W. DAHLKE. 1974. Data on knowledge and scientific management of the lake and round whitefish, lake cisco, broad whitefish in the lower Mackenzie northern pike, and Arctic grayling from Great River. Can. Tech. Rep. Fish. Aquat. Sci. (in Bear Lake, N.W.T., 1971-1973. Can. Fish. press) Mar. Serv. Data Rep. Ser. CEN/D-74-1: vi + 52 p. DILLINGER, R. E. JR., T. P. BIRT, and J. M. GREEN. 1992. Arctic cisco, Coregonus FALK, M. R., D. V. GILLMAN, and L. W. DAHLKE. autumnalis, distribution, migration and 1973a. The 1972 sports fisheries of Great spawning in the Mackenzie River. Can. Bear and Great Slave lakes, Northwest Field-Nat. 106(2): 175-180. Territories. Can. Fish. Mar. Serv. Tech. Rep. Ser. CEN/T-73-8: x + 100 p. DORAN, L. D. 1974. Fishes and aquatic systems. Chapter 8, p. 205- 268. In Research FALK, M. R., D. V. GILLMAN, and L. W. DAHLKE. Reports Vol. IV of Environmental impact 1974a. 1973 creel census data from sport assessment of the portion of the Mackenzie fishing lodges on Great Bear and Great gas pipeline from Alaska to Alberta. Slave lakes, Northwest Territories. Can. Winnipeg, Manitoba: Environmental Fish. Mar. Serv. Data Rep. Ser. Protection Board. CEN/D-74-5: v + 28 p.

DRYDEN, R. L., B. G. SUTHERLAND, and J. N. FALK, M. R., D. V. GILLMAN, and L. W. DAHLKE. STEIN. 1973. An evaluation of the fish 1974b. Comparison of mortality between resources of the Mackenzie River valley as barbed and barbless hooked lake trout. related to pipeline development, Volume 2. Can. Fish. Mar. Serv. Tech. Rep. Ser. Environmental-Social Committee Northern CEN/T-74-1: 28 p. Pipelines, Task Force on Northern Oil Development Rep. 73-2: iii + 176 p. FALK, M. R., D. V. GILLMAN, and L. W. DAHLKE. 1974c. Data on the biology of lake trout DUNN, J. B., and M. M. ROBERGE. 1989. Creel from Great Bear and Great Slave lakes, census and biological data from the sport Northwest Territories, 1973. Can. Fish. Mar. fisheries occurring at Great Bear and Serv. Data Rep. Ser. CEN/D-74-4: vii + 39 10

p. with special reference to the Northwest Territories. J. Fish. Res. Board Can. 32(3): FALK, M. R., D. V. GILLMAN, and L. W. DAHLKE. 427-448. 1975. 1974 creel census data from sport fishing lodges on Great Bear and Great HEALEY, M. C. 1978. The dynamics of exploited Slave lakes, Northwest Territories. Can. lake trout populations and implications for Fish. Mar. Serv. Data Rep. Ser. management. J. Wildl. Manage. 42(2): CEN/D-75-3: vi + 26 p. 307-328.

FALK, M. R., D. V. GILLMAN, and M. M. JESSOP, C. S., K. T. J. CHANG-KUE, J. W. ROBERGE. 1982. Creel census and LILLEY, and R. J. PERCY. 1974. A further biological data from the lake trout sport evaluation of the fish resources of the fishery on Great Bear and Great Slave Mackenzie River valley as related to pipeline lakes, Northwest Territories, 1979. Can. development. Environmental-Social Data Rep. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 307: v + 22 p. Committee, Northern Pipelines, Task Force on Northern Oil Development Rep. 74-7: xii FALK, M. R., M. D. MILLER, and S. J. M. KOSTIUK. + 94 p. 1973b. Biological effects of mining wastes in the Northwest Territories. Can. Fish. Mar. JESSOP, C. S., and J. W. LILLEY. 1975. An Serv. Tech. Rep. Ser. CEN/T-73-10: vii + 89 evaluation of the fish resources of the p. Mackenzie River valley based on 1974 data. Can. Fish. Mar. Serv. Tech. Rep. Ser. GILLMAN, D. V., and M. M. ROBERGE. 1982. CEN/D-75-6: x + 97 p. Creel census and biological data from the lake trout sport fishery on Great Bear and JOHNSON, L. 1973. Stock and recruitment in Great Slave lakes, Northwest Territories, some unexploited Canadian Arctic lakes. 1980. Can. Data Rep. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 338: Rapp. P. V. Reun. Cons. Int. Explor. Mer v + 24 p. 164: 219-227.

GREAT BEAR LAKE WORKING GROUP. 1985. JOHNSON, L. 1975a. The Great Bear Lake: its Review of Great Bear Lake fishery place in history. Arctic 28(4): 230-244. management goals. Published by Arctic Operations Directorate, Department of JOHNSON, L. 1975b. Physical and chemical Fisheries and Oceans, Winnipeg, and characteristics of Great Bear Lake, Economic Development and Tourism, Northwest Territories. J. Fish. Res. Board Government of the Northwest Territories, Can. 32(11): 1971-1987. Yellowknife. 2 volumes. JOHNSON, L. 1975c. Distribution of fish species in HALL, E. 1978. A report of the potential conflict Great Bear Lake, Northwest Territories, with between fishing lodges and outpost camps reference to zooplankton, benthic on Great Bear Lake, NWT. Unpublished invertebrates, and environmental conditions. report prepared by Fish and Wildlife Office, J. Fish. Res. Board Can. 32(11): Government of the Northwest Territories, 1989-2004. Fort Franklin, NT. 10 p. [copy in DFO Library, Winnipeg]. JOHNSON, L. 1976. Ecology of Arctic populations of lake trout, Salvelinus namaycush, lake HATFIELD, C. T., J. N. STEIN, M. R. FALK, and C. whitefish Coregonus clupeaformis, Arctic S. JESSOP. 1972. Fish resources of the char, S. alpinus, and associated species in Mackenzie River valley, Interim Report 1, unexploited lakes of the Canadian Volumes 1 and 2. Canada Department of Northwest Territories. J. Fish. Res. Board the Environment, Fisheries Service, Can. 33(11): 2459-2488. Winnipeg. Vol. 1: xiii + 249 p.; Vol. 2: x + 289 p. KENNEDY, W. A. 1949. Some observations on the coregonine fish of Great Bear Lake, HEALEY, M. C. 1975. Dynamics of exploited Northwest Territories. Bull. Fish. Res. Board whitefish populations and their management Can. 82: 1-10. 11

KENNEDY, W. A. 1953. The morphometry of the Unpublished report prepared By Lutra coregonine population of Great Bear Lake, Associates Ltd., Yellowknife, for the N.W.T. J. Fish. Res. Board Can. 10(2): Department of Indian Affairs and Northern 51-61. Development. 2 Vols. [Copy in DFO Library, Winnipeg]. LEE, D. S., C. R. GILBERT, C. H. HOCUTT, R. E. JENKINS, D. E. McALLISTER, and J. R. MARTIN, N. V., and C. H. OLVER. 1980. The lake STAUFFER. 1980-et.seq. Atlas of North charr, Salvelinus namaycush, p. 205-277. In American freshwater fishes. Raleigh: North E.K. Balon [ed.] Charrs: salmonid fishes of Carolina State Museum of Natural History. the genus Salvelinus. The Hague, Netherlands: Dr. W. Junk bv Publishers. LILLEY, J. W. 1975. Aquatic resources data summary for Willowlake River, River McCART, D. 1982. An assessment of the fisheries Between Two Mountains, Hare Indian, resources of the Great Bear and Mackenzie Travaillant and Rengleng rivers, NWT. Can. Rivers in the vicinity of proposed IPL Fish. Mar. Serv. Data Rep. Ser. pipeline crossings. Unpublished report CEN/D-75-6: ii + 29 p. prepared by Aquatic Environments Ltd., Calgary, for Interprovincial Pipe Line (N.W) LOCKHART, W. L., D. A. METNER, D. A. J. Ltd., Calgary. 52 p. MURRAY, R. W. DANELL, B. N. BILLECK, C. L. BARON, D. C. G. MUIR, and K. McCART, P., W. GRIFFITHS, C. GOSSEN, H. CHANG-KUE. 1989. Studies to determine BAIN, and D. TRIPP. 1974. Catalogue of whether the condition of fish from the lower lakes and streams in Canada along routes Mackenzie River is related to hydrocarbon of the proposed Arctic Gas pipeline from the exposure. Canada Department of Indian Alaskan/Canadian border to the 60th and Northern Affairs, Environmental Studies parallel. Arctic Gas Biol. Rep. Ser. 16: 251 No. 61: vii + 84 p. p. + 11 maps.

LOCKHART, W.L., P. WILKINSON, B.N. BILLECK, McCART, P. J. 1986. Fish and fisheries of the R.V. HUNT, R. WAGEMANN, and G.J. Mackenzie system, p. 493-515. In B.R. BRUNSKILL. 1995. Current and historical Davies and K.F. Walker (ed.) The ecology of inputs of mercury to high-latitude lakes in river systems. Dordrecht, The Netherlands: Canada and to Hudson Bay. Water Air Soil Dr. W. Junk. Pollut. 80: 603-610. McGOWAN, D. K. 1985. Data from test fisheries LOCKWOOD, S. F., and J. W. BICKHAM. 1989. conducted in the Baffin and central Arctic Genetic stock separation of Arctic cisco regions, Northwest Territories, 1980-84. (Coregonus autumnalis) using DNA content Can. Data Rep. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 531: v + identified by flow cytometry. Chapter 5 In 68 p. The 1988 Endicott Development Fish Monitoring Program: A Monograph of McGOWAN, D. K., G. LOW, and D. PIKE. 1993. Project Papers. Unpublished report by LGL Data from exploratory fisheries conducted in Alaska, Inc., for BP Exploration (Alaska) the Northwest Territories, 1989-1992. Can. Inc., Anchorage, Alaska, USA. 30 p. Data Rep. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 909: vi + 75 p.

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SHOTTON, R. T. 1973. Towards an environmental summary of fisheries data collected for the impact assessment of the portion of the Land Use Information map series during Mackenzie gas pipeline from Alaska to 1975 and 1976. Canada Department of Alberta. Appendix II. fish base data. Indian and Northern Affairs, Environmental Unpublished report prepared by Inter- Studies No. 5: iv + 97 p. disciplinary Systems Ltd, Winnipeg for the Environment Protection Board. Interim Rep. TALLMAN, R. F. 1996. Methods for estimating 3: 199 p. stock size: appropriateness for Mackenzie River fisheries, p. XX - XX. In R.F. Tallman SINCLAIR, S., S. TRACHTENBERG, and M. L. and J.D. Reist (ed.) The proceedings of the BECKFORD. 1967. Physical and economic broad whitefish workshop: the biology, organization of the fisheries of the District of traditional knowledge and scientific Mackenzie, Northwest Territories. Fish. management of broad whitefish in the lower Res. Board Can. Bull. 158: 71 p. Mackenzie River. Can. Tech. Rep. Fish. Aquat. Sci. (in press). SLANEY AND CO. LTD. 1974. Base Data Volume 3. Fish study 1972-73, Mackenzie Highway TALLMAN, R. F., and J. REIST. 1996a. mile 300 to 550. Unpublished report Information requirements for fishery prepared by F.F. Slaney and Company Ltd. management and overview of scientific for Canada Department of Public Works, approach, p. XX - XX. In R.F. Tallman and Edmonton. Parts 1 and 2, variously J.D. Reist (ed.) The proceedings of the paginated. broad whitefish workshop: the biology, traditional knowledge and scientific STEIN, J. N., C. S. JESSOP, T. R. PORTER, and management of broad whitefish in the lower K. T. J. CHANG-KUE. 1973. Fish Mackenzie River. Can. Tech. Rep. Fish. resources of the Mackenzie River valley. Aquat. Sci. (in press). Environmental- Social Committee, Northern Pipelines, Task Force on Northern Oil TALLMAN, R. F., and J. D. REIST [ED.]. 1996b. Development. Interim Report 2: xvii + 260 The proceedings of the broad whitefish p. workshop: the biology, traditional knowledge and scientific management of STEPHENS, G.R. 1995. Mercury concentrations in broad whitefish in the lower Mackenzie fish in a remote Canadian arctic lake. Water River. Can. Tech. Rep. Fish. Aquat. Sci. (in Air Soil Pollut. 80: 633-636. press).

STEWART, D. B. 1994. A review of the status and TAPTUNA, F., and G. LOW. 1995. A fishery harvests of fish, invertebrate, and marine survey of the Sahtu communities. mammal stocks in the Nunavut Settlement Unpublished report prepared by Department Area. Can. Manuscr. Rep. Fish. Aquat. Sci. of Fisheries and Oceans, Hay River, NT. 55 2262: iv + 98 p. p.

STEWART, D. B., and G. MACDONALD. 1978. TREBLE, M. 1996. Broad whitefish (Coregonus Arctic Land Use Research Program 1977: nasus Pallas) of the Lower Mackenzie River: a suvey of the fisheries resources of the biological characteristics (1984-1989), central Northwest Territories. Canada commercial and subsistence harvest trends, Department of Indian and Northern Affairs, and local management issues. M.Sc. Environmental Studies No. 8: ii + 123 p. Thesis, Natural Resources Institute, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB. ix + STEWART, D. B., R. A. RATYNSKI, L. M. J. 226 p. BERNIER, and D. J. RAMSEY. 1993. A fishery development strategy for the Canadian - area. Can. Tech. Rep. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 1910: vi + 127 p.

SUTHERLAND, B. G., and W.R. GOLKE. 1978. A 15

TREBLE, M., and L. DAHLKE. 1994. Inuvik River. Bull. Fish. Res. Board Can. 72: exploratory fishery 1989- 1993, sampling 21-30. protocols and data summary tables. YAREMCHUK, G. C. B. 1986. Results of a nine Unpublished report prepared for Department year study (1972-80) of the sport fishing of Fisheries and Oceans, Western Arctic exploitation of lake trout (Salvelinus Office, Inuvik, NWT, and Inuvialuit Fisheries namaycush) on Great Slave and Great Bear Joint Management Committee, Inuvik, NWT. lakes, NWT: the nature of the resource and 34 p. management options. Can. Tech. Rep. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 1436: vi + 80 p. TREBLE, M.A., and R.F. TALLMAN. 1996. An assessment of the Inuvik Hunters and YAREMCHUK, G. C. B., M. M. ROBERGE, D. K. Trappers Committee and Uummarmiut McGOWAN, G. W. CARDER, B. WONG, Development Corporation exploratory and C. J. READ. 1989. Commercial fishery, and population structure of broad harvests of major fish species from the whitefish from the Mackenzie River Delta, Northwest Territories, 1945 to 1987. Can. 1989 to 1993. Can. Tech. Rep. Fish. Aquat. Data Rep. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 751: iv + 129 p. Sci. (in press).

TRIPP, D. B., and P. J. McCART. 1974. Life histories of grayling (Thymallus arcticus) and PERSONAL COMMUNICATIONS longnose suckers (Catostomus catostomus) in the Donnelly River system, Northwest ANDERSON, L. Department of Fisheries and Territories. In P.J. McCart (ed.) Life Oceans (DFO), 501 University Crescent, histories of anadromous and freshwater fish Winnipeg, MB, R3T 2N6. in the western Arctic. Arctic Gas Biol. Rep. Ser. 20(Chapter 1): xiv + 91 p. BAYHA, W. Renewable Resources, Déline, NT, XOE OGO. TROY, D. M. 1989. Genetic analysis of population variation in the Arctic cisco using CHANG-KUE, K. DFO, 501 University Crescent, mitochondrial DNA restriction analyses. Winnipeg, MB, R3T 2N6. Chapter 5 In The 1988 Endicott Development Fish Monitoring Program: A DAY, A.C. DFO, 501 University Crescent, Monograph of Project Papers. Unpublished Winnipeg, MB, R3T 2N6. report by LGL Alaska, Inc., for BP Exploration (Alaska) Inc., Anchorage, GRINDLAY, D. Economic Development and Alaska, USA. 20 p. Tourism, Government of the Northwest Territories, Yellowknife, NT, X1A 2L9. VILLIERS, D. 1968. The central Mackenzie--an area economic survey. Canada Department FRICKE, G. Economic Development and Tourism, of Northern Affairs and National Resources, Government of the Northwest Territories, Area Economic Survey Report 67/4. Inuvik, NT, XOE OTO.

WALLACE, R.R., M.J. HARDIN, and R.H. WEIR. LOCKHART, L. DFO, 501 University Crescent, 1975. Toxic properties and chemical Winnipeg, MB, R3T 2N6. characteristics of mining effluents in the Northwest Territories. Canada, Department LOW, G. DFO, Box 1008, Hay River, NT, XOE of the Environment, Environmental ORO. Protection Service Report Series EPS-5- NW-75-4: vii + 37 p. MOSHENKO, D. DFO, 501 University Crescent, Winnipeg, MB, R3T 2N6. WONG, B., and T. WHILLANS. 1973. Limnological and biological survey of Lake, MOSHENKO, R. DFO, 501 University Crescent, Northwest Territories. Can. Fish. Mar. Serv. Winnipeg, MB, R3T 2N6. Tech. Rep. Ser. CEN T-73-6: iv + 69 p. PLUMMER, C. Plummer's Arctic Fishing Lodges, WYNNE-EDWARDS, V. C. 1947. The Mackenzie 950 Bradford St., Winnipeg, MB, R3H 0N5. 16

REIST, J. DFO, 501 University Crescent, Winnipeg, MB, R3T 2N6.

ROBINSON, N. DFO, Inuvik, NT, XOE OTO.

STRONG, J.T. DFO, 501 University Crescent, Winnipeg, MB, R3T 2N6.

17

62 ° 132 ° 130 ° 128 ° 126 ° 124 ° 122 ° 120 ° 118 ° 116 °

Figure 1. Map of the Sahtu Dene and Metis Settlement Area showing major rivers, drainage basins and communities. The drainage basins are coded by letter as follows: A. Great Bear Lake, B. Mackenzie River, C. Anderson River, D. Horton River, E. , F. Rae River, and G. .

Table 1. Harvests of fishes from the Sahtu Dene and Metis Settlement Area, except Great Bear Lake drainage basin, by community area and waterbody.

LOCATION1 QUOTA (kg rd HARVEST (kg rd wt)3 STOCK STATUS (references) wt)2

COLVILLE LAKE

Anderson River In 1975, an experimental seine fishery caught slimy sculpin and immature Arctic grayling, 67°50'N, 124°45'W burbot, sucker and whitefish at this site on the Anderson River. The river is a migration route for Arctic grayling, inconnu, northern pike, sucker, and whitefish. The river and its tributaries provide spawning and nursery habitat for Arctic grayling, burbot, sucker, and whitefish. Residents of Colville Lake, Fort Good Hope, and/or Déline fish for subsistence at many of the unnamed headwater lakes on the Anderson River system (e.g. 66°58'N, 123°27'W; 66°51'N, 123°32'W; 66°54'N, 123°17'W; 66°55'N, 124°35'W; 66°56'N, 124°19'W; 66°57'N, 124°11'W) in conjunction with winter hunting and trapping. (Sutherland and Gohlke 1978; Taptuna and Low 1995; NLUIS 96J+N)

Aubry Lake lake trout [2,000] 1988--NF; This lake on the Anderson River system is fished year-round for subsistence by residents 67°20'N, 126°25'W 1989--2 kg; of Colville Lake and Fort Good Hope from October through February, as are many of its tributaries'unnamed headwater lakes (e.g. 67°16'N, 126°46'W). Lake whitefish, lake trout, northern pike, and burbot are the main species harvested. In 1975 an experimental lake whitefish 1988--NF; gillnet fishery caught lake trout and lake and round whitefish in Aubry Lake. An [2,000] 1989--20 kg; experimental fishery was conducted at Aubry Lake 1989. (Villiers 1968; Bissett 1972; Sutherland and Gohlke 1978; DFO 1991, 1992a; McGowan 1993; Taptuna and Low 1995; NLUIS 96M)

Colville Lake lake trout + lake 1988--NF; This lake on the Anderson River system is fished year-round for subsistence by residents 67°10'N, 126°00'W whitefish [1,000] of Colville Lake and Fort Good Hope, and for sport by guests of the Colville Lake Lodge (67°02.5'N, 126°05'W). Subsistence harvesters generally fish the north end of the lake in fall and winter and the south end in spring and summer. The main species taken are lake trout, whitefish, and northern pike. The sport lodge has operated since 1966. It has 12 guest beds and is open year-round. Guests angle for Arctic grayling, inconnu, lake trout, northern pike, and whitefish. An outpost camp of the lodge is located at the outlet to Colville Lake (67°19'W, 125°43'W). In 1975, an experimental gillnet fishery sampled the lake and its tributary Bloody Pack Creek. Arctic grayling, northern pike, and whitefish spawn in the lake's tributaries and use them as nursery areas. The lake outlet is an important nursery area, and the lake shores are spawning and nursery habitat for lake trout and whitefish. An experimental licence was issued for Colville Lake, in 1988, but the lake was not fished. DFO sampled lake trout and lake whitefish in Colville Lake for biological data and heavy metal and organic contaminants in 1993--bottom sediments were also sampled for contaminants. (Villiers 1968; Bissett 1972; Sutherland and Gohlke 1978; DFO 1991; Muir et al. 1994; Lockhart et al. 1995; Taptuna and Low 1995; NLUIS 96M+N)

Colville Lake In 1972, the combined subsistence harvest of fish by residents of Fort Good Hope and general area Colville Lake was estimated at 45,450 kg. In 1988, Lutra Associates Ltd. surveyed residents of Colville Lake for information on their subsistence harvests, as did DFO in 1995. Neither study estimated the annual harvest. (Bissett 1972; Lutra Associates Ltd. 1989; Rawson Academy of Aquatic Science 1990; Taptuna and Low 1995) Table 1. Continued.

LOCATION1 QUOTA (kg rd HARVEST (kg rd wt)3 STOCK STATUS (references) wt)2

Estabrook Lake This lake on the Horton River system and the headwater lakes of its tributary streams 66°53'N, 123°47'W have been fished for subsistence on occasion in the past by trappers from Colville Lake, Déline, Fort Good Hope and Fort Norman. The lake supports Arctic grayling, burbot, lake trout, and whitefish. (NLUIS 96O)

Gassend Lake In 1975, an experimental gillnet fishery sampled this lake in the Anderson River drainage 68°00'N, 126°10'W basin. (Sutherland and Gohlke 1978)

Horton Lake This lake on the Horton River system is fished for subsistence in early winter by trappers (Arakay Lake) who visit the area from Colville Lake and Déline, and possibly other Sahtu communities. 67°30'N, 122°20'W (D. Moshenko, pers. comm.; NLUIS 96O)

Lac Belot lake trout + lake Sport harvest: This lake on the Anderson River system is fished year-round for subsistence by residents 66°52'N, 126°17'W whitefish [800] 1985--276 lake trout caught, of Colville Lake and Fort Good Hope. In 1975, an experimental gillnet fishery caught 36 kept; lake trout, northern pike and round whitefish in . Guests of Trophy Lodge on 1988--237 lake trout (7.28 Great Bear Lake fly to Lac Belot to angle for lake trout and northern pike. In 1985, lodge fish caught per angler hr; 47 guides collected data from this fishery for DFO, and DFO sampled lake trout from the angler days); anglers' creels. In 1988 and 1989, data on the sport harvest were collected by DFO 1989--89 lake trout (3.24 fish using angler diaries. Experimental licences were issued in 1988 and 1991, but the lake caught per angler hr); was not fished. In 1983, DFO sampled lake trout from Lac Belot for biological data and Experimental harvest: heavy metal and organic contaminants. They also sampled lake sediments for 1988--NF; contaminants and prepared a bathymetric map for the lake. (Bissett 1972; Sutherland 1991--NF; and Gohlke 1978; Roberge and Dunn 1988; Dunn and Roberge 1989; DFO 1991, 1993; Muir et al. 1994; Lockhart et al. 1995; Taptuna and Low 1995; L. Anderson and L. Lockhart, pers. comm.)

northern pike Sport harvest: --no quota 1985--20 caught, none kept;

Lac des Bois lake trout + lake Sport harvest: This lake on the Anderson River system is fished for subsistence by residents of Fort 66°46'N, 125°11'W whitefish [1,000] 1985--508 lake trout caught, Good Hope from October through February, generally at the south end of the lake in 62 kept; 2 lake whitefish conjunction with trapping. The present extent of this fishery is unknown. In 1975, an caught, both kept; experimental gillnet fishery sampled this lake in the Anderson River drainage basin. Experimental harvest: Guests of Trophy Lodge on Great Bear Lake fly to Lac des Bois to angle for lake trout, 1988--NF; northern pike, and lake whitefish. In 1985, lodge guides collected data from this fishery for DFO, and DFO sampled lake trout from the angler's creels. An experimental licence northern pike Sport harvest: was issued in 1988, but the lake was not fished. (Bissett 1972; Dunn and Roberge --no quota 1985--6 caught, 3 kept; 1989; Sutherland and Gohlke 1978; DFO 1991; NLUIS 96K)

Lac Maunoir This lake on the Anderson River system has been fished for subsistence by residents of 67°30'N, 125°00'W Colville Lake in conjunction with winter trapping activities. An experimental gillnet fishery sampled this lake 1975. Arctic grayling, northern pike, and whitefish spawn in the lake's tributaries and use them as nursery areas. The lake outlet is an important nursery area, and the lake shores are spawning and nursery habitat for lake trout and whitefish. (Sutherland and Gohlke 1978; NLUIS 96N) Table 1. Continued.

LOCATION1 QUOTA (kg rd HARVEST (kg rd wt)3 STOCK STATUS (references) wt)2

Niwelin Lake This lake on the Anderson River system is fished for subsistence by residents of Colville 67°50'N, 126°00'W Lake in summer and fall. An experimental gillnet fishery sampled this lake 1975. Arctic grayling, northern pike, and whitefish spawn in the lake's tributaries and use them as nursery areas. The lake outlet is an important nursery area, and the lake shores are spawning and nursery habitat for lake trout and whitefish. (Sutherland and Gohlke 1978; Taptuna and Low 1995; NLUIS 96N)

Tadek Lake See FORT GOOD HOPE--Tadek Lake.

Tedji Lake This lake has been fished for subsistence by residents of Colville Lake in conjunction 67°42'N, 126°38'W with winter trapping. (NLUIS 96M).

DÉLINE Only those Déline fisheries that lie outside the Great Bear Lake drainage basin are discussed here. Most Déline fisheries are discussed in Tables 2 and 3 which describe fisheries in Great Bear Lake and its tributaries.

Anderson River See COLVILLE LAKE--Anderson River.

Estabrook Lake See COLVILLE LAKE--Estabrook Lake.

Fallstone Lake See FORT NORMAN--Fallstone Lake.

Great Bear Lake See Tables 2 to 4. drainage basin

Horton Lake See COLVILLE LAKE--Horton Lake.

Lac Ste. Therese See Table 3.

Stewart Lake See FORT NORMAN--Stewart Lake.

unnamed lake lake whitefish Experimental fishery 1979. No record of harvest. (Yaremchuk et al. 1989) 65°45'N, 125°15'W [454]

unnamed lake lake whitefish No record of commercial harvest. (Yaremchuk et al. 1989) (Clement Lake) [2,268] 65°42'N, 125°20'W

unnamed lake lake whitefish No record of commercial harvest. (Yaremchuk et al. 1989) 65°19'N, 125°24'W [2,268]

Yellow Lake See FORT NORMAN--Yellow Lake.

FORT GOOD HOPE

Aubry Lake See COLVILLE LAKE--Aubry Lake. Table 1. Continued.

LOCATION1 QUOTA (kg rd HARVEST (kg rd wt)3 STOCK STATUS (references) wt)2

Bluefish River In July, this tributary of the Hare River is a migration route for Arctic cisco, Arctic grayling, 66°30'N, 128°16'W northern pike, walleye, and whitefish to and from the Mackenzie River. It is also a nursery area for Arctic grayling, longnose sucker, and lake whitefish. A number of unnamed lakes on the Bluefish River system (e.g. 66°58'N, 126°35'W; 66°54'N, 126°38'W; 66°54'N, 127°00'W) have been fished for subsistence in winter by trappers from Fort Good Hope and Colville Lake. (NLUIS 96L+106I)

Burnt Lake Residents of Fort Good Hope harvest whitefish and northern pike for subsistence from 67°26'N, 128°10'W this headwater lake on the Carnwath River in the fall. (Taptuna and Low 1995)

Carcajou River A baseline fisheries study of the Carcajou River system was conducted by DFO in 1971- 64°58'N,127°11.5'W 72 for the Mackenzie Valley pipeline. Species reported from this system are listed in Appendix 1. The river is used by whitefish, longnose sucker, and other fish species as a nursery area and presumably for spawning purposes. Carcajou Falls (64°44'N, 127°12'W) restrict upstream fish movement in the river. Arctic cisco were collected from the river in 1988 for genetic analyses. (Hatfield et al. 1972; Dryden et al. 1973; Stein et al. 1973; Lockwood and Bickham 1989; Morales et al. 1989; Troy 1989; Dillinger et al. 1992; NLUIS 96D)

Carcajou Lake Residents of Fort Good Hope harvest whitefish and lake trout from this lake on the Loon 67°16'N, 128°40'W River system for subsistence in summer, fall, and winter. DFO sampled the lake in October-November 1986. Lake trout and lake whitefish were taken for biological and genetic analysis, Arctic grayling, burbot and northern pike are also present. A lake on the Little system is also named Carcajou (see FORT NORMAN--Carcajou Lake) (Reist 1987; Taptuna and Low 1995; NLUIS 96D)

Chick Lake The outlet stream of this lake on the Donnelly River system is an important spawning and 65°52'N, 128°11'W nursery area for Arctic grayling. Burbot and northern pike spawn and overwinter in the lake. Arctic grayling and longnose sucker migrate through the lake to spawn in the outlet. (NLUIS 106H)

Colville Lake See COLVILLE LAKE--Colville Lake.

Donnelly River Baseline fisheries studies of the Donnelly River system were conducted in 1971-73 for 65°50'N, 128°46'W the Mackenzie Valley pipeline. Sixteen species of fish were caught in the Donnelly (Appendix 1), but only four species (Arctic grayling, longnose sucker, northern pike, and slimy sculpin) were distributed throughout the drainage. Grayling and longnose suckers, the most abundant species, were studied in detail and their life histories and general patterns of movement described. Grayling in the Donnelly River grow quickly and some mature by age 2 years. They migrate into the Donnelly during spring break-up in early and mid-May and spawn in late May. Adults remain in the outlet of Chick Lake (see above), a major spawning area, about a month after spawning and then many disperse downstream or return to the Mackenzie River. Some tagged grayling return to the Donnelly in subsequent years. Arctic grayling tagged in June and July 1972, were recaptured as far upstream as the mouth of Wolverine Creek on the , and as far downstream as Fort Good Hope. During the open water period, small tributary streams are important rearing areas for young grayling. Longnose suckers in the Table 1. Continued.

LOCATION1 QUOTA (kg rd HARVEST (kg rd wt)3 STOCK STATUS (references) wt)2

Donnelly River Donnelly are slow growing. The youngest mature males were aged 9 years, and the --continued. females aged 12 years. Adults move into Donnelly in mid to late May and spawn in early June. By early July both adults and fry have moved downstream from a major spawning area in the upper Donnelly, with the adults dispersing through the lower reaches of the river and some exiting to the Mackenzie River. Many other adults leave the drainage in late September. Longnose suckers tagged in 1972 were recaptured the same year in Oscar Creek (see NORMAN WELLS--Oscar Creek), upstream, and at Fort Good Hope, downstream. (McCart et al. 1974; Tripp and McCart 1974; Chang-Kue and Cameron 1980)

Estabrook Lake See COLVILLE LAKE--Estabrook Lake

Fort Good Hope broad whitefish 1978--18 fish (41 kg); Residents of Fort Good Hope harvested an estimated 157,500 kg of fish for subsistence general area --no quota in 1961. In 1972, the combined subsistence harvest of fish by residents of Fort Good Subsistence harvest: Hope and Colville Lake was estimated at 45,450 kg. DFO surveyed commercial and 1989--632 fish (1,454 kg); domestic licence holders for information on their fish harvests in 1978 and 1989. While domestic licences are purchased by non-native harvesters who wish to fish for cisco spp. 1978--275 fish (110 kg); subsistence, these data were combined with the commercial data. A subsistence --no quota harvest study was conducted in 1982 for the Fort Good Hope Band Council (unpubl.). In Subsistence harvest: 1988, Lutra Associates Ltd., and in 1995 DFO, surveyed community residents for 1982--17,580 fish (7,032 kg); information on their subsistence harvests of fish. Neither study estimated the annual 1989--4,929 fish (1,972 kg); harvest. DFO found low levels of chlorinated hydrocarbons in the livers of burbot sampled from the area, in 1985, relative to more southerly populations. (Sinclair et al. inconnu 1978--80 fish (360 kg); 1967; Bissett 1972; Lutra Associates Ltd. 1989; Berkes 1990; Muir et al. 1990; Rawson --no quota Academy of Aquatic Science 1990; Taptuna and Low 1995; Treble 1996; NLUIS 106I) Subsistence harvest: 1982--11,192 fish (50,364 kg); 1989--1,451 fish (6,530 kg);

lake whitefish Subsistence harvest: --no quota 1989--3,676 fish (4,779 kg);

whitefish spp. Subsistence harvest: --no quota 1982--26,453 fish (47,615 kg);

other 1978--3 fish (7 kg); --no quota Subsistence harvest: 1982--4,572 fish (10,427 kg); 1989--3,261 fish (5,526 kg); Table 1. Continued.

LOCATION1 QUOTA (kg rd HARVEST (kg rd wt)3 STOCK STATUS (references) wt)2

Hare Indian River Residents of Fort Good Hope fish for subsistence in summer, and to a lesser extent in 66°18'N, 128°34'W spring and fall, at the mouth of the Hare Indian River, a tributary of the Mackenzie River. Arctic cisco, Arctic grayling, inconnu, sucker, whitefish and northern pike are harvested. Subsistence harvesters report a movement of Arctic grayling from Lac á Jacques into the Hare Indian River in the spring to spawn. Experimental fishery surveys of the river system in 1971-74 for the Mackenzie Valley pipeline, in 1973 for the Mackenzie Highway, and in 1975 for the Arctic Land Use Research program found the river to be an important spawning and nursery area for Arctic grayling and longnose sucker. The lower reaches also provide spawning and nursery habitat for northern pike, and nursery habitat for lake and round whitefish and longnose and white sucker. Fish may overwinter in the river. Species reported from this system are listed in Appendix 1. (Villiers 1968; Bissett 1972; Hatfield et al. 1972; Dryden et al. 1973; Lombard North Group Inc. 1973; Shotton 1973; Stein et al. 1973; Jessop et al. 1974; McCart et al. 1974; Schultz International Ltd. 1974; Jessop and Lilley 1975; Lilley 1975; Sutherland and Gohlke 1978; Taptuna and Low 1995; NLUIS 106I)

Hume River Baseline fisheries studies of the Hume River system were conducted in 1971-73 for the 66°01'N, 129°15'W Mackenzie Valley pipeline. Species reported from this system are listed in Appendix 1. The headwater lakes provide nursery habitat for Arctic grayling and lake chub. Many small lakes between the Ramparts and Hume rivers have been fished for subsistence, and residents of Fort Good Hope also fish year-round for subsistence in the Hume River. Whitefish, inconnu, and burbot are the main species harvested. (Shotton 1971, 1973; Hatfield et al. 1972; Dryden et al. 1973; Jessop et al. 1974; Taptuna and Low 1995; NLUIS 106H+I)

Kilkale Lake Hunters and trappers from Fort Good Hope have occasionally fished for subsistence at 66°39'N, 124°00'W Kilkale Lake on the Anderson River system. In 1975, an experimental gillnet fishery at the east end of the lake caught northern pike and lake and broad whitefish. (Sutherland and Gohlke 1978; NLUIS Map 96J)

Lac á Jacques This headwater lake of the Hare Indian River is fished for subsistence by residents of (Loche Lake) Fort Good Hope in October through February, and Fort Norman in summer and winter. 66°08'N, 127°25'W DFO sampled fish in the lake in the fall of 1994, for biological data and heavy metal and organic contaminants. Lac á Jacques supports Arctic grayling, burbot, whitefish, northern pike, and walleye. In the spring, Arctic grayling move from the lake into the Hare Indian River to spawn. Tissue mercury concentrations in the northern pike and walleye were found to excede levels recommended for human consumption. (Bissett 1972; Lilley 1975; Taptuna and Low 1995; NLUIS 96L; L. Lockhart, pers. comm.)

Lac Belot See COLVILLE LAKE--Lac Belot.

Loon River and Lake Baseline fisheries studies of the Loon River system were conducted in 1971-72 for the 66°28'N, 128°58'W Mackenzie Valley pipeline, and in 1973 for the Mackenzie Highway. Species reported from this system are listed in Appendix 1. The river is a nursery area for longnose sucker, whitefish, and cisco. Arctic grayling, broad whitefish, least cisco, and northern pike use the river to move between Loon, Manuel, and Rorey lakes. The river mouth and Loon Lake (66°36'N, Table 1. Continued.

LOCATION1 QUOTA (kg rd HARVEST (kg rd wt)3 STOCK STATUS (references) wt)2

Loon River and Lake 128°42'W) are fished year-round for subsistence by residents of Fort Good Hope. --continued. (Bissett 1972; Hatfield et al. 1972; Dryden et al. 1973; Shotton 1973; Stein et al. 1973; Schultz International Ltd. 1974; Taptuna and Low 1995; NLUIS 106I)

Mackenzie Delta broad whitefish 1991-2--NA; This management area was established in 1976. Prior to 1991, it extended from Point (Area 5) 1,000 1993--2,300 kg; Separation to just upstream of Tsiigehtchic on the Mackenzie and Arctic Red Rivers. Since 1991, this quota area has extended upstream from Point Separation to the confluence of the Mountain and Mackenzie rivers in the Sahtu Dene and Metis Settlement burbot 1991-2--NA; Area. Prior to 1991 the area was fished almost exclusively by residents of Tsiigehtchic, its --no quota 1993--90 kg; subsequent extension upstream means that the area now encompasses waters fished commercially by residents of Tsiigehtchic (Gwich'in) and Fort Good Hope (Sahtu Dene and Metis). cisco spp. The harvest data presented here were reported during DFO surveys of the licenced 500 commercial fishermen--these data were not extrapolated to provide an estimate of the total harvest. Response rates to those questionnaires in the western Arctic were 27% in 1991, nil in 1992, and 55% in 1993, so the quality of the harvest estimate is not known. The herring 1991-2--NA; main species harvested and sold are broad whitefish and inconnu, with lesser amounts of 600 1993--0 kg; lake whitefish, cisco sp., and other fishes having occasionally been sold. Comparison of the harvest and sales figures suggests that sales figures were incomplete, or that a significant portion of the catch is either used for subsistence or unmarketable. It is not inconnu 1991-2--NA; known what proportion of the 1991-3 commercial harvests was taken by Gwich'in --no quota 1993--720 kg; fishermen. DFO licenced 10 commercial fishermen from Tsiigehtchic in 1991, and 2 in each of 1992 and 1993. A single commercial fisherman was licenced from Fort Good Hope in 1993. (DFO 1993, 1994, 1995; Treble 1996) lake whitefish 1991-2--NA; 4,600 1993--871 kg; Subsistence harvest data are not available for this area specifically, but have been collected for the community of Fort Good Hope (see above Fort Good Hope general area). The Mackenzie River near The Ramparts is fished for subsistence by residents of Fort northern pike 1991-2--NA; Good Hope throughout the summer and fall. The peak fishing period is between mid- --no quota 1993--230 kg; August and late September. Major fish species encountered are Arctic cisco, burbot, inconnu, and whitefish spp. (Wynne-Edwards 1947; Dryden et al. 1973).

DFO has used radio tagging studies to identify a number of spawning sites for broad other species 1991-2--NA; whitefish in this area--perhaps the most important of which is located upstream from the --no quota 1993--60 kg; community at the Upper Ramparts. They have also collected broad whitefish at The Upper Ramparts for genetic analyses. (Reist 1990, 1996a; Chang-Kue and Jessop 1996)

Manuel Lake lake trout + lake 1974--907 kg; This lake on the Loon River system is fished for subsistence by residents of Fort Good 67°00'N, 128°56'W whitefish 800 1990--lake trout 100 kg, lake Hope in the summer, fall and winter in support of hunting and trapping activities. whitefish 136 kg; Northern pike, burbot, lake trout and whitefish are the main species harvested. 1991--NF; Commercial harvests were reported from the lake in 1974 and 1990. DFO sampled fish 1993--NA; in Manuel Lake in the fall of 1994, for biological data and heavy metal and organic contaminants. (Yaremchuk et al. 1989; DFO 1992b, 1993, 1995; Taptuna and Low 1995; NLUIS 106I; L. Lockhart, pers. comm.)

Marion Lake Residents of Fort Good Hope harvest whitefish, lake trout, northern pike, and burbot for 66°48'N, 130°35'W subsistence in the fall and winter from this lake. (Taptuna and Low 1995) Table 1. Continued.

LOCATION1 QUOTA (kg rd HARVEST (kg rd wt)3 STOCK STATUS (references) wt)2

Moon Lake See NORMAN WELLS--Moon Lake.

Mountain River A baseline fisheries study of the Mountain River system was conducted in 1971-72 for 65°41'N, 128°55'W the Mackenzie Valley pipeline. Species reported from this system are listed in Appendix 1. Arctic cisco, Arctic grayling, lake chub, and longnose sucker were caught in the greatest numbers and may spawn in the river system. The river was also sampled in 1981 for the Norman Wells Oilfield Expansion Project. Arctic cisco were collected from the Mountain River system in 1988 for genetic analyses. (Hatfield et al. 1972; Dryden et al. 1973; Jessop et al. 1974; Envirocon 1981; Bickham et al. 1989; Lockwood and Bickham 1989; Morales et al. 1989; Troy 1989; Dillinger et al. 1992)

Ontadek Lake This lake has been fished for subsistence by residents of Fort Good Hope. (NLUIS 106I) 68°18'N, 128°24'W

Ontaratue River A baseline fisheries study of the Ontaratue River system was conducted in 1971-72 for 67°43'N, 130°01'W the Mackenzie Valley pipeline. Species reported from this system are listed in Appendix 1. Northern pike spawn in the Ontaratue River which also serves as a nursery area for immature pike. (Hatfield et al. 1972; Dryden et al. 1973)

Ramparts River Baseline fisheries studies of the Ramparts River system were conducted in 1971-72 for 66°10'N, 129°15'W the Mackenzie Valley pipeline. Species reported from this system are listed in Appendix 1. (Shotton 1971; Hatfield et al. 1972; Dryden et al. 1973)

Rorey Lake late trout + lake 1991--NF; Residents of Fort Good Hope fish for subsistence at this lake on the Loon River year- 66°55'N, 128°25'W whitefish 800 1993--NA; round. Lake trout, whitefish, and northern pike are the main species harvested. The lake has been opened for commercial harvest but it has no record of commercial harvest. (Bissett 1972; Yaremchuk et al. 1989; DFO 1993, 1995; Taptuna and Low 1995; NLUIS 106I)

Sam McRae Lake lake trout + lake 1991--NF; Residents of Fort Good Hope and Norman Wells fish for subsistence year-round at this 65°57'N, 127°10'W whitefish [800] headwater lake on the Hare Indian River system. Lake trout, Arctic grayling, northern pike, and whitefish are harvested. The lake was opened in 1991 for an experimental fishery, but not fished. (DFO 1993; Taptuna and Low 1995)

Snafu Creek Baseline fisheries studies of the Snafu Creek system were conducted in 1972 for the 66°01'N, 128°29'W Mackenzie Valley pipeline, and in 1973 for the Mackenzie Highway. The creek is a spawning and nursery area for Arctic grayling and longnose sucker, and northern pike spawn in its headwater lakes. (Lombard North Group Inc. 1973; Shotton 1973; McCart et al. 1974)

Tadek Lake This lake on the Anderson River system is fished year-round for subsistence by residents 67°00'N, 127°25'W of Fort Good Hope, and possibly Colville Lake. In 1975, an experimental gillnet and seine fishery sampled Tadek Lake and its outlet, the Carnwath River. The lake supports lake trout and northern pike, and the river is a spawning and nursery area for Arctic grayling and sucker. (Sutherland and Gohlke 1978; Taptuna and Low 1995; NLUIS 96M) Table 1. Continued.

LOCATION1 QUOTA (kg rd HARVEST (kg rd wt)3 STOCK STATUS (references) wt)2

Tieda River Baseline fisheries studies of the Tieda River system were conducted in 1971-73 for the 66°43'N, 129°17'W Mackenzie Valley pipeline, and in 1973 for the Mackenzie Highway. Species reported from this system are listed in Appendix 1. The river is a spawning and nursery area for Arctic grayling and longnose suckers. It is frozen solid in winter. (Hatfield et al. 1972; Dryden et al. 1973; Shotton 1973; McCart et al. 1974; Schultz International Ltd. 1974)

Tsintu River Baseline fisheries studies of the Tsintu River system were conducted in 1971-73 for the 66°07'N, 128°29'W Mackenzie Valley pipeline. Species reported from this system are listed in Appendix 1. Longnose sucker and walleye spawn in the lower reaches of the Tsintu River and use them for a nursery area. The upper reaches are spawning and nursery areas for Arctic grayling and slimy sculpin. (Dryden et al. 1973; Shotton 1973; McCart et al. 1974)

Tunago Lake See Table 3--Tunago Lake.

Tweed Lake This lake on the Anderson River system has been fished for subsistence by residents of 66°48'N, 125°52'W Fort Good Hope in conjunction with winter trapping activities. An experimental gillnet fishery sampled this lake 1975. (Sutherland and Gohlke 1978; NLUIS 96K)

Yeltea Lake This lake on the Tieda River system is fished for subsistence by residents of Fort Good 66°54'N, 129°24'W Hope, mostly in September through December. Lake trout, northern pike, and whitefish are the main species harvested. Yeltea Lake was sampled in 1971-73 for the Mackenzie Valley Pipeline studies, and in 1973 for the Mackenzie Highway. DFO collected lake whitefish from the lake in October and November 1986 for biological and genetic analysis. (Bissett 1972; Dryden et al. 1973; Shotton 1973; McCart et al. 1974; Schultz International Ltd. 1974; Reist 1987; Taptuna and Low 1995; NLUIS 106L)

FORT NORMAN

Alfred Lake See NORMAN WELLS--Lennie Lake.

Bear Rock Lake A baseline fisheries study of this lake was conducted in 1973 for the Mackenzie Highway. (Fish Lake) (Lombard North Group Ltd. 1973) 64°59'N, 125°40'W

Big Smith Creek Baseline fisheries studies of Big Smith Creek were conducted in 1971-73 for the 64°36'N, 124°45'W Mackenzie Valley pipeline and Mackenzie Highway studies. Waterfalls situated about 6 km upstream from the creek mouth and 3 m in height appear to prevent movement of fish from the Mackenzie River to the headwater lakes. The area below the falls is a spawning and nursery area for lake chub and slimy sculpin. There is a major Arctic grayling spawning and feeding area above the falls. Species reported from this system are listed in Appendix 1. (Hatfield et al. 1972; Dryden et al. 1973; Shotton 1973; McCart et al. 1974; Slaney and Co. Ltd. 1974; NLUIS 96C) Table 1. Continued.

LOCATION1 QUOTA (kg rd HARVEST (kg rd wt)3 STOCK STATUS (references) wt)2

Bluefish Creek This small tributary of the Mackenzie River was sampled in 1971 and 1973 for the 64°57'N, 125°52'W Mackenzie Valley pipeline studies. The creek is a spawning, nursery, and overwintering area for Arctic grayling, longnose sucker, and slimy sculpin. There is a downstream movement of Arctic grayling, cisco and lake whitefish fry, and adult lake chub and slimy sculpin, from Bluefish Creek into the Mackenzie River during July and August. Arctic grayling tagged at Three Day Lake (see NORMAN WELLS) were recaptured at the creek mouth by subsistence harvesters who fish the downstream post-spawning migration. Residents of Fort Norman and Norman Wells fish for subsistence, mainly in spring and summer, at Bluefish Creek. Arctic grayling and whitefish, lake trout, inconnu, and burbot are the main species harvested. (Dryden et al. 1973; Jessop et al. 1974; Taptuna and Low 1995; NLUIS 96C).

Brackett Lake lake trout + lake 1981--lake whitefish 1,200 Residents of Fort Norman fish for subsistence in this lake on the Brackett River system in (Willow Lake) whitefish 2,800 kg; the fall and early winter, primarily for whitefish spp.. Small commercial harvests were 65°13'N, 125°20'W 1993--NA; reported in 1975 and 1981. (Villiers 1968; Bissett 1972; Dryden et al. 1973; Yaremchuk et al. 1989; DFO 1995; NLUIS 96F)

Brackett River Baseline fisheries studies of this tributary of the Great Bear River were conducted in 65°00'N, 125°27'W 1971-74 for the Mackenzie Valley pipeline. Species reported from this system are listed in Appendix 1. The river provides spawning and nursery habitat for a variety of species. Residents of Fort Norman fish for subsistence at its mouth in late summer and fall. (Hatfield et al. 1972; Dryden et al. 1973; Shotton 1973; Stein et al. 1973; Chang-Kue and Cameron 1980)

Carcajou Lake This headwater lake on the Little Keele River system, a tributary of the Carcajou River, 64°40'N, 127°52'W supports populations of Arctic grayling, lake trout, and whitefish. Rapids on the lower reaches of the Little Keele River restrict upstream fish movement into the lake. A lake on the Loon River system is also named Carcajou (see FORT GOOD HOPE--Carcajou Lake). (NLUIS 96D)

Dahadinni River A baseline fisheries study of the Dahadinni River system was conducted in 1971-72 for 63°59'N, 124°25'W the Mackenzie Valley pipeline. Arctic graying spawn in the river and use it as a nursery area. (Hatfield et al. 1972; Dryden et al. 1973; NLUIS 95N)

Dal Lake A baseline fisheries study of this lake on the was conducted in 1971-73 63°07'N, 126°30'W for the Mackenzie Valley pipeline. The lake supports Arctic grayling, Dolly Varden, lake trout, longnose sucker, and whitefish. Its outlet is shallow and intermittent, limiting or perhaps preventing fish passage. See also FORT NORMAN--Redstone River. (Hatfield et al. 1972; Dryden et al. 1973; Jessop et al. 1973; NLUIS 95M)

Doris Lake lake trout + lake This lake on Virgin Creek, a tributary of the Mountain River, supports lake trout, lake 65°10'N,128°15'W whitefish 300 whitefish, and northern pike. It has no record of commercial harvest. (NLUIS 106H)

Ekwi River Arctic grayling are thought to spawn in this area of the Ekwi River, a tributary of the Keele 63°55'N, 128°23'W River. The Ekwi also serves as a nursery area for young grayling. (NLUIS 105P)

Fall Stone Lake This headwater lake of the East Little Bear River has been fished for subsistence in 64°38.5'N,125°38'W winter by hunters and trappers from Fort Norman, and possibly Déline. (NLUIS 96C) Table 1. Continued.

LOCATION1 QUOTA (kg rd HARVEST (kg rd wt)3 STOCK STATUS (references) wt)2

Fort Norman Residents of Fort Norman fish for subsistence year-round in the Mackenzie River near general area the community, in the Great Bear River, and in many other lakes and rivers. They harvested an estimated 28,275 kg of fish in 1961, and 1,320 kg in 1972. Inconnu and large, near-ripe Arctic cisco appear annually in the catches of subsistence harvesters at Fort Norman in late August. McLaren Plansearch Corp. monitored the subsistence harvest from 27 September to 15 October 1985, for the Endicott Environmental Monitoring Program. In 1995, DFO surveyed community residents for information on fishing activities. Neither study estimated the total annual harvest. (Sinclair et al. 1967; Bissett 1972; Chang-Kue and Cameron 1980; Nelson et al. 1987; Taptuna and Low 1995)

Gayna River This tributary of the Mountain River is a nursery area for Arctic grayling. Adult grayling 65°19'N, 129°30'W may be year-round residents as turbulence in the lower reaches of the river may limit upstream fish access. (NLUIS 106H)

Godlin Lake In spring, Arctic grayling migrate into the Godlin Lakes via the Godlin River, a tributary of 63°49'N, 128°47'W the Ekwi River, to feed during the summer. The lakes are thought to be too shallow to overwinter the fish, and a fall downstream migration to overwintering areas on the Keele River is likely. (NLUIS 105P)

Great Bear Lake See Table 2. Residents of Fort Norman occasionally fish for subsistence at Great Bear Lake. Lake trout, burbot, and Arctic grayling are the main species harvested. (Taptuna and Low 1995)

Great Bear River Baseline fisheries studies were conducted on the Great Bear River in 1971-74 for the 64°55'N, 125°35'W Mackenzie Valley Pipeline, 1973 for the Mackenzie Highway, and in 1981 for the Interprovincial Pipeline. Species reported from this system are listed in Appendix 1. Species diversity is greatest at the confluence of the Great Bear and Mackenzie Rivers, >25 species, and least at its headwaters, 12-14 species. Arctic grayling, northern pike, longnose sucker, and round whitefish are the major fish species throughout the river. Arctic grayling were abundant in most sections of the river, and used the lower 25 km of the river and tributaries upstream of the Brackett River as spawning and nursery areas. The Great Bear Lake outflow and first 10 km reach of the Great Bear River provide important summer feeding habitat for Arctic grayling. Post-spawning migrants from Stewart and Wolverine creeks (see below) have been recaptured in this area. Inconnu and Arctic cisco were only found in the fall as far upstream as St. Charles Rapids. Some Arctic cisco migrate from the Mackenzie Delta annually to spawn in the Great Bear River or its tributaries. The Great Bear River is fished for subsistence year-round, but mainly in summer, near Fort Norman and periodically at the mouth of the Brackett River during the late summer and fall. Whitefish, Arctic grayling, cisco, and inconnu are the most sought after species. (Bissett 1972; Hatfield et al. 1972; Dryden et al. 1973; Lombard Group North Inc. 1973; Shotton 1973; McCart et al. 1974; Jessop et al. 1974; Chang-Kue and Cameron 1980; McCart 1982; Taptuna and Low 1995)

Jackfish Lake Residents of Fort Norman fish for subsistence year-round at Jackfish Lake. Whitefish 64°48'N, 125°17'W and northern pike are the main species harvested. (Taptuna and Low 1995) Table 1. Continued.

LOCATION1 QUOTA (kg rd HARVEST (kg rd wt)3 STOCK STATUS (references) wt)2

Keele River A baseline fisheries study of the Keele River system was conducted in 1971-73 for the 63°45'N, 127°54'W Mackenzie Valley pipeline. Species reported from this system are listed in Appendix 1. The Keele River is a nursery area for Arctic grayling. Other species may also overwinter in its deep pools. (Hatfield et al. 1972; Dryden et al. 1973; Jessop et al. 1974)

Kelly Lake This lake on the Loche River (65°19'N, 125°43'W), a tributary of the Brackett River, is 65°21'N, 126°00'W fished year-round for subsistence by people from Fort Norman and Norman Wells, mainly for whitefish, lake trout, and northern pike. Anglers also fly-in to Kelly Lake from Norman Wells to fish for lake trout. DFO sampled lake whitefish from this fishery in 1971, and from the lake in February 1974. Fish migrations have been reported between Kelly Lake and the numerous lakes along the Loche River. Residents of Norman Wells recently expressed concern that the lake is being overfished. (Villiers 1968; Bissett 1972; Hatfield et al. 1972; Dryden et al. 1973; Stein et al. 1973; Jessop and Lilley 1975; Taptuna and Low 1995; NLUIS 96F; D. Grindlay and G. Low, pers. comm.)

Lac á Jacques See FORT GOOD HOPE--Lac á Jacques.

Lennie Lake See NORMAN WELLS--Lennie lake.

Little Bear River A baseline fisheries study of the Little Bear River system was conducted in 1971-72 for 64°54'N, 125°54'W the Mackenzie Valley pipeline. Species reported from this system are listed in Appendix 1. The river is an important nursery area and probable spawning ground for Arctic grayling, burbot, longnose sucker, walleye and whitefish. The river is swift flowing and shallow near its mouth and consequently is seldom fished. (Hatfield et al. 1972; Dryden et al. 1973; Stein et al. 1973)

Little Smith Creek Baseline fisheries studies of Little Smith Creek were conducted in 1972-73 for the 64°29'N, 124°41'W Mackenzie Valley pipeline. The creek is a spawning and nursery area for Arctic grayling, burbot, lake chub, and longnose sucker. (Shotton 1973; McCart et al. 1974; Slaney and Co. Ltd. 1974)

Mahony Lake lake trout + lake 1993--NA; This lake on the Brackett River system is fished year-round for subsistence by residents 65°30'N, 125°20'W whitefish 4,600 of Fort Norman. Species harvested include whitefish, lake trout, northern pike, burbot, inconnu, walleye, and sucker. No record of commercial harvest. (Villiers 1968; Yaremchuk et al. 1989; DFO 1995; Taptuna and Low 1995)

Porcupine River A baseline fisheries study of this tributary of the Great Bear River was conducted in 65°00'N, 123°40'W 1971-74 for the Mackenzie Valley pipeline. Arctic grayling spawn in the river and use it as a nursery area, as may northern pike and ninespine stickleback. Species reported from this system are listed in Appendix 1. (Hatfield et al. 1972; Dryden et al. 1973; Stein et al. 1973; Chang-Kue and Cameron 1980)

Redstone River A baseline fisheries study of the Redstone River system, including Dal Lake (see above), 63°58'N, 125°00'W was conducted in 1971-73 for the Mackenzie Valley pipeline. Species reported from this system are listed in Appendix 1. In the fall, the North Redstone River (63°38'N, 126°35'W) is a migration route for mountain whitefish. Arctic grayling and longnose sucker overwinter in the river. (Hatfield et al. 1972; Dryden et al. 1973; Jessop et al. 1974; NLUIS 95M+N) Table 1. Continued.

LOCATION1 QUOTA (kg rd HARVEST (kg rd wt)3 STOCK STATUS (references) wt)2

St. Charles Creek A baseline fisheries study of Charles Creek was conducted in 1971-74 for the Mackenzie 64°52'N, 124°58'W Valley pipeline. Species reported from this system are listed in Appendix 1. Arctic grayling use the creek as a spawning and nursery area. (Hatfield et al. 1972; Dryden et al. 1973; Jessop and Lilley 1975)

Saline River Baseline fisheries studies of the Saline River system were conducted in 1971-73 for the 64°18'N, 124°30'W Mackenzie Valley pipeline. The river is a spawning and nursery area for Arctic grayling, lake chub, longnose sucker, slimy sculpin, and whitefish. Overwintering habitat was found about 8 km upstream from the mouth. (Shotton 1973; McCart et al. 1974; Slaney and Co. Ltd. 1974)

Slater River This river provides nursery habitat for burbot, walleye and whitefish and may be a 64°58'N, 126°10'W spawning area for longnose sucker and burbot. A headwater lake (64°52'N, 126°32'W) has been fished for subsistence by residents of Fort Norman. (NLUIS 96D)

Stewart Creek See NORMAN WELLS--Stewart Creek.

Stewart Lake broad whitefish 1990--2 kg This lake on the Keele River system is fished for subsistence year-round by residents of 64°22'N, 125°18'W --no quota Fort Norman, in summer and fall by residents of Norman Wells, and possibly also by residents of Déline. Lake trout and lake whitefish are the main species caught. The lake lake trout [200] 1987--255 kg; was fished by experimental fisheries in 1987 and 1990. DFO obtained samples from the 1990--64 kg October 1987 harvest. (McGowan 1989; Yaremchuk et al. 1989; Taptuna and Low 1995; NLUIS 96C) lake whitefish 1987--48 kg [200]

northern pike 1987--18 kg; --no quota 1990--13 kg

Stick Creek A baseline fisheries study of this tributary of the Great Bear River was conducted in 1972 65°02'N, 124°03'W and 1974 for the Mackenzie Valley pipeline. The creek is a nursery area for Arctic grayling and northern pike. (Dryden et al. 1973; Jessop and Lilley 1975; Chang-Kue and Cameron 1980; NLUIS 96F)

Tagatui Lake lake whitefish No reported commercial harvest. (Yaremchuk et al. 1989) 64°57'N, 125°12'W 900

Tate Lake Residents of Norman Wells and Fort Norman fish for subsistence at Tate Lake in 64°30'N, 125°20'W summer. Whitefish, lake trout, northern pike, and burbot are harvested. (Taptuna and Low 1995)

Three Day Lake See NORMAN WELLS--Three Day Lake.

unnamed creek ("C") A baseline fisheries study of this creek was conducted in 1973 for the Mackenzie 64°52'N, 125°06'W Highway. (Lombard North Group Ltd. 1973)

unnamed creek ("D") A baseline fisheries study of this creek was conducted in 1973 for the Mackenzie 64°53'N, 125°17'W Highway. (Lombard North Group Ltd. 1973) Table 1. Continued.

LOCATION1 QUOTA (kg rd HARVEST (kg rd wt)3 STOCK STATUS (references) wt)2

unnamed creek A baseline fisheries study of this tributary of the Great Bear River was conducted in 1974 (Mountain Creek) for the Mackenzie Valley pipeline. (Chang-Kue and Cameron 1980) 65°04'N, 124°40'W

unnamed creek A baseline fisheries study of Steep Creek was conducted in 1973 for the Mackenzie (Steep Creek or Valley pipeline. The creek provides spawning and nursery habitat for Arctic grayling, and Birch Island Creek) overwintering habitat for Arctic grayling and slimy sculpin. (McCart et al. 1974; Slaney 64°12'N, 124°21'W and Co. Ltd. 1974)

unnamed lake In the past this lake was a well-used subsistence fishery by people now living in Fort 63°30.5'N,126°45'W Norman. (NLUIS 95M)

unnamed lake In the past this lake was a well-used subsistence fishery by people now living in Fort 63°40'N, 126°45'W Norman. (NLUIS 95M)

Willow Lake See FORT NORMAN--Brackett Lake.

Wolverine Creek This tributary of the Great Bear River is fished for subsistence by residents of Fort 65°03'N, 124°17'W Norman in summer, fall, and early winter. In 1974, DFO erected a fence and trap to count the post-spawning downstream migration of fish in the creek. Between 12 June and 8 July, 8,973 Arctic grayling, 591 longnose sucker, and 68 northern pike passed downstream. DFO tagged 1,733 grayling and 186 longnose suckers. Based on field observations and tag recoveries by sport anglers (22 in 1974) the Great Bear Lake outflow and the upper 10 km of the Great Bear River appear to be major summering habitat for Arctic grayling from this system. (Miller 1946; Bissett 1972; Chang-Kue and Cameron 1980)

Wrigley Lake lake trout + lake Subsistence: In the past, residents of Fort Norman lived year round in this area and fished for (Drum Lake) whitefish 1,700 1970--1,136 kg; subsistence in this lake on the Redstone River in August and September. Drum Lake 63°51'N, 126°10'W Lodge (63°52'N, 126°16'W), has operated a sport fishery on the lake since the 1970's. The lodge has 33 guest beds and operates from mid-June to the end of September. Arctic grayling, Dolly Varden, and lake trout are the main species sought. DFO sampled the lake in 1968, during the Barren Grounds Survey. In spring, Arctic grayling and longnose sucker migrate into the tributary streams of Wrigley Lake (63°56'N, 126°16'W; 63°48.5'N, 126°25'W) to spawn. The lake outlet is a nursery area for lake chub and longnose sucker. (Bissett 1972; Moshenko 1980; NLUIS 95M; D. Grindlay, pers. comm.)

Yellow Lake This headwater lake of the East Little Bear River is fished for subsistence in summer and 64°42'N, 125°43'W winter residents of Fort Norman, and possibly Déline. (Taptuna and Low 1995; NLUIS 96C)

NORMAN WELLS

Alfred Lake See below Lennie Lake.

Billy Creek Billy Creek was sampled in 1981 for the Norman Wells Oilfield Expansion Project. (Envirocon Ltd. 1981)

Bluefish Creek See FORT NORMAN--Bluefish Creek. Table 1. Continued.

LOCATION1 QUOTA (kg rd HARVEST (kg rd wt)3 STOCK STATUS (references) wt)2

Bosworth Creek Baseline fisheries studies of Bosworth Creek were conducted in 1972-73 for the 65°19'N, 126°53'W Mackenzie Valley pipeline, and 1973 for the Mackenzie Highway. There is a minor spawning and nursery area for Arctic grayling and suckers near the creek mouth. Spring fed areas of the creek remain open in winter and may provide overwintering habitat for fish. Fish Lake (65°18'N, 126°39'W) on Bosworth Creek is a popular recreation area for residents of Norman Wells. Subsistence harvesters from the community harvest burbot from the creek in fall and winter. (Lombard North Group Ltd. 1973; Shotton 1973; McCart et al. 1974; Taptuna and Low 1995; NLUIS 96E)

Canyon Creek Baseline fisheries studies of Canyon Creek were conducted in 1972-73 for the 65°14'N, 126°31'W Mackenzie Valley pipeline and 1973 for the Mackenzie Highway. The creek is a spawning and nursery area for Arctic grayling and lake chub. (Lombard North Group Ltd. 1973; Shotton 1973; McCart et al. 1974)

Elliot Creek Baseline fisheries studies of Elliot Creek were conducted in 1972-73 for the Mackenzie 65°32'N, 127°37'W Valley pipeline, in 1973 for the Mackenzie Highway, and in 1981 for the Norman Wells Oilfield Expansion Project. The creek is a spawning and nursery area for Arctic grayling, lake chub, and slimy sculpin. It has areas of open water in winter that may provide overwintering habitat for fish. (Lombard North Group Ltd. 1973; Shotton 1973; McCart et al. 1974; Envirocon Ltd. 1981)

Florence Lake Residents of Norman Wells harvest lake trout and northern pike for subsistence from this 65°09'N, 128°08'W lake on Virgin Creek, a tributary of the Mountain River, in winter. (Taptuna and Low 1995; NLUIS 106H)

Francis Creek Baseline fisheries studies of Francis Creek were conducted in 1972-73 for the Mackenzie 65°13'N, 126°27'W Valley pipeline, and in 1973 for the Mackenzie Highway. (Lombard North Group Ltd. 1973; Shotton 1973; McCart et al. 1974)

Great Bear Lake See Table 2. Residents of Norman Wells harvest lake trout, Arctic grayling, and whitefish for subsistence year-round, but mainly in summer, at Great Bear lake. (Taptuna and Low 1995)

Great Bear River See FORT NORMAN--Great Bear River. Residents of Norman Wells harvest Arctic grayling and lake trout at Bennett Field (65°02'N, 124°40'W) in summer and fall. (Taptuna and Low 1995)

Hanna River Baseline fisheries studies of the Hanna River system were conducted in 1971-73 for the 65°40'N, 128°07'W Mackenzie Valley pipeline. Species reported from this system are listed in Appendix 1. The river is a spawning and nursery area for Arctic grayling and slimy sculpins. Areas of the river that remain open during the winter may provide overwintering habitat for fishes. (Hatfield et al. 1972; Shotton 1973; McCart et al. 1974)

Helava Creek Baseline fisheries studies of Helava Creek were conducted in 1972-73 for the Mackenzie 65°12'N, 126°24'W Valley pipeline, and in 1973 for the Mackenzie Highway. The creek is a spawning and nursery area for lake chub and slimy sculpin. (Lombard North Group Ltd. 1973; Shotton 1973; McCart et al. 1974) Table 1. Continued.

LOCATION1 QUOTA (kg rd HARVEST (kg rd wt)3 STOCK STATUS (references) wt)2

Jungle Ridge Creek Baseline fisheries studies of Jungle Ridge Creek were conducted in 1972-73 for the 65°02'N, 126°00'W Mackenzie Valley pipeline, and in 1973 for the Mackenzie Highway. The creek is a spawning and nursery area for Arctic grayling, slimy sculpin, and sucker. (Lombard North Group Ltd. 1973; McCart et al. 1974)

Kelly Lake See FORT NORMAN--Kelly Lake.

Lennie Lake lake trout + lake 1983--200 kg; This lake on the Brackett River system is fished for subsistence year-round, but mostly in (Alfred Lake) whitefish 2,800 1991--NF; summer and fall, by residents of Norman Wells. Whitefish, lake trout, and northern pike 65°34'N, 126°33'W 1993--NA; are the main species harvested. The only reported commercial harvest from this lake was in 1983. It was opened for commercial fishing in 1991 and 1993, but no harvest was reported. Confusion exists in the literature with respect to the name of this lake, which has been referred to interchangeably as Lennie Lake or Alfred Lake. Residents of Norman Wells recently expressed concern that the lake is being overfished. (Yaremchuk et al. 1989; DFO 1993, 1995; Taptuna and Low 1995; N. Robinson, pers. comm.)

Loon Creek This creek is a nursery area for broad and lake whitefish. (NLUIS 96E) 65°10'N, 126°55'W

Mirror Lake Residents of Norman Wells harvest lake trout and northern pike from this lake in winter 64°51'N, 126°55'W for subsistence. (Taptuna and Low 1995)

Moon Lake lake trout + lake 1982--NF; Moon Lake on the Hanna River system has been fished for subsistence by residents of 65°38'N, 127°29'W whitefish [500] Fort Good Hope and Norman Wells in support of winter trapping activities. Whitefish are the main fish sought. Moon Lake was sampled in 1972 for the Mackenzie Valley pipeline. There is a grayling spawning and rearing area and possible round whitefish spawning site at the lake outlet. An experimental fishery licenced for the lake in 1982, did not take place. (McCart et al. 1974; Yaremchuk et al. 1989; NLUIS 96E)

Norman Wells Residents of Norman Wells fish the Mackenzie River near the community year-round, but general area mainly in summer. In 1971, liver and muscle tissue from a variety of fish species were analyzed for heavy metal and chlorinated hydrocarbon contamination. Residents of the community have expressed concern that pollution may be affecting their fishing. In response, DFO and others have undertaken a number of pollution-related studies downstream from Norman Wells to address these concerns (See Table 4). In 1972-74, DFO tagged 4,687 fish of a variety of species in the Norman Wells area to follow their movements. In 1995, DFO surveyed community residents for information on their subsistence harvesting activities. They did not estimate the total annual harvest. (Hatfield et al. 1972; Stein et al. 1973; Jessop et al. 1974; Jessop and Lilley 1975; Taptuna and Low 1995)

Nota Creek and Lake Baseline fisheries studies of the Nota Creek system were conducted in 1972-73 for the 65°05'N, 125°59'W Mackenzie Valley pipeline. The creek is a major spawning and nursery area for Arctic grayling and slimy sculpin. It is also an important migration route for juvenile and adult grayling and adult lake chub. Nota Lake (65°04'N, 125°56'W) was also sampled during these studies. (Shotton 1973; McCart et al. 1974) Table 1. Continued.

LOCATION1 QUOTA (kg rd HARVEST (kg rd wt)3 STOCK STATUS (references) wt)2

Oscar Creek Residents of Norman Wells harvest Arctic grayling, northern pike, walleye, and burbot 65°27'N, 127°22'W from Oscar Creek in spring and summer for subsistence. Baseline fisheries studies of the Oscar Creek system were conducted in 1971-74 for the Mackenzie Valley pipeline, in 1973 for the Mackenzie Highway, and in 1981 for the Norman Wells Oilfield Expansion Project. The intensive 1973-4 survey included a fish fence and tagging program. The creek is a migration route for a variety of species. Its lower reaches provide spawning habitat for Arctic grayling, longnose sucker, northern pike, walleye, and possibly other species. The creek mouth is an important nursery area for whitefish. There is open water in winter and it is an overwintering area for burbot, ninespine stickleback, northern pike, and perhaps other species. Species reported from this system are listed in Appendix 1. (Hatfield et al. 1973; Dryden et al. 1973; Lombard North Group Ltd. 1973; Shotton 1973; Jessop et al. 1974; McCart et al. 1974; Jessop and Lilley 1975; Envirocon Ltd. 1981; Taptuna and Low 1995; K. Chang-Kue, pers. comm.)

Prohibition Creek Baseline fisheries studies of the Prohibition Creek system were conducted in 1972-73 for 65°10'N, 126°18'W the Mackenzie Valley pipeline, and in 1973 for the Mackenzie Highway. This small stream supports spawning populations of Arctic grayling and slimy sculpin, and is an important nursery area for whitefish spp.. Parts of the stream are spring-fed and flow throughout the winter. A detailed study of the stream sediments, water chemistry and zoobenthos was conducted in 1972. (Lombard North Group Ltd. 1973; Shotton 1973; Stein et al. 1973; McCart and deGraff 1974; McCart et al. 1974)

Sam McRae Lake See FORT GOOD HOPE--Sam McRae Lake.

Stewart Creek Stewart Creek, which drains Three Day Lake (see below), was sampled in 1972-74 for 65°11'N, 126°40'W the Mackenzie Valley pipeline. It is a whitefish nursery area and a migration route for a variety of species, particularly Arctic grayling. Residents of Norman Wells fish for subsistence at the creek mouth. The creek mouth has also been fished for subsistence by harvesters from Fort Norman. Species reported from this system are listed in Appendix 1. (Stein et al. 1973; Jessop et al. 1974; Jessop and Lilley 1975; K. Chang- Kue, pers. comm.; NLUIS 96E)

Stewart Lake See FORT NORMAN--Stewart Lake.

Tate Lake See FORT NORMAN--Tate Lake.

Three Day Lake In May and June of 1972-74, DFO tagged 2,821 post-spawning Arctic grayling as they 65°09'N, 126°45'W ran downstream in Stewart Creek (see above) out of Three Day Lake. Tagged fish were recaptured in late June and July by subsistence fisheries at the mouths of Stewart and Bluefish creeks (see above) and at Norman Wells, and by sport and subsistence fisheries in the Great Bear River in late summer and fall. These returns demonstrate an annual progressive movement of post-spawners from Three Day Lake towards the Great Bear River (see FORT NORMAN) and upstream to the outlet of Great Bear Lake. DFO did not find suitable overwintering habitat in Three Day Lake, and suggested that these fish may overwinter in the Great Bear River. While grayling return annually to Three Day Lake after ice break-up in May, the degree of their site fidelity is unknown. Arctic grayling spawn in Gus Creek, a tributary of the lake. Grayling tagged at Three Day Lake have been recaptured in spring spawning runs at the Donnelly River Table 1. Continued.

LOCATION1 QUOTA (kg rd HARVEST (kg rd wt)3 STOCK STATUS (references) wt)2

Three Day Lake (see FORT GOOD HOPE), a downstream tributary of the Mackenzie River, and in --continued. Wolverine Creek, a tributary of the Great Bear River. Post-spawning longnose sucker tagged in the lake have been recaptured at Bluefish Creek. Residents of Norman Wells harvest Arctic grayling from Three Day Lake in summer for subsistence. The lake has also been fished for subsistence by harvesters from Fort Norman. (Stein et al. 1973; Jessop et al. 1974; Jessop and Lilley 1975; Chang-Kue and Cameron 1980; Taptuna and Low 1995; NLUIS 96E).

Trapper Creek A baseline fisheries study of this creek was conducted in 1981 for the Norman Wells 65°32'N, 127°55'W Oilfield Expansion Project. (Envirocon Ltd. 1981; NLUIS 96E)

Turton Lake Residents of Norman Wells harvest lake trout, northern pike, and whitefish for 65°48'N, 126°55'W subsistence year-round from this headwater lake on the Hare Indian River system. (Taptuna and Low 1995)

Twentyfive Mile Lake This headwater lake of Twentyfive Mile Creek, a tributary of the Carcajou River is fished 65°00'N, 126°58'W for subsistence by residents of Norman Wells. (Taptuna and Low 1995; NLUIS 96E)

unnamed creek Baseline fisheries studies of this unnamed creek were conducted in 1973 for the (Gordon Creek) Mackenzie Valley pipeline. The creek provides spawning and nursery habitat for Arctic 65°54'N, 127°48'W grayling, longnose sucker, and northern pike. (McCart et al. 1974)

unnamed lakes A baseline fisheries study of the Necklace Lakes was conducted in 1973 for the (Necklace Lakes) Mackenzie Highway. (Lombard North Group Ltd. 1973) 65°22'N, 127°09'W

Vermilion Creek Baseline fisheries studies of Vermilion Creek were conducted in 1972-73 for the 65°07'N, 126°00'W Mackenzie Valley pipeline, and in 1973 for the Mackenzie Highway. The river mouth is a spawning and rearing area for Arctic grayling, lake chub, longnose sucker, slimy sculpin, and whitefish spp. Spring fed areas of the river provide overwintering habitat for juvenile grayling. (Hatfield et al. 1972; Dryden et al. 1973; Lombard North Group Ltd. 1973; Stein et al. 1973; McCart et al. 1974)

COPPERMINE RIVER DRAINAGE BASIN

Kamut Lake A survey gillnet fishery of this lake in the Coppermine River drainage basin, in 1977, 66°43'N, 116°22'W caught Arctic grayling, lake trout, and lake whitefish. Several of the lake whitefish were in spawning condition on 18 August 1977. (Stewart and MacDonald 1978)

HORNADAY RIVER DRAINAGE BASIN

Hornaday River In 1975, a survey seine fishery caught ninespine stickleback and immature Arctic 67°44'N, 120°57'W grayling in the headwaters of the Hornaday River. (Sutherland and Gohlke 1978)

NAHANNI RIVER DRAINAGE BASIN

South Nahanni River The supports populations of Arctic grayling, Dolly Varden, longnose 62°30'N, 128°41'W sucker, and mountain whitefish. Spawning may occur in the river and in many of its tributaries. (NLUIS 105I) Table 1. Continued.

LOCATION1 QUOTA (kg rd HARVEST (kg rd wt)3 STOCK STATUS (references) wt)2

O'Grady Lake This headwater lake of the South Nahanni River supports Arctic grayling and lake trout. 63°00'N, 129°01'W (NLUIS 105I)

1 Old or alternate names for the fisheries are shown in brackets.

2 A round weight (kg rd wt) is that for a whole fish, while a dressed weight is that of a fish with the viscera and gills removed. Square brackets indicate provisional test quotas. The quota years are the same as the federal government fiscal year (e.g. the 1995 quota extends from 1 April 1995 to 31 March 1996). "NA" indicates that a harvest may have taken place but that no data are available; "NF" indicates that a waterbody was opened for fishing by Variation Order but was not fished. 3 Unless otherwise noted the harvests were taken by commercial fisheries. The "subsistence harvests" were taken by residents for their own use, "experimental harvests" (formerly known as exploratory or test fisheries) were taken for scientific purposes, and the "sport harvests" were taken by anglers. Table 2. Harvests of fishes from Great Bear Lake, NWT.

LOCATION1 QUOTA ESTIMATED HARVEST STOCK STATUS (references) (# of fish or kg rd (# of fish or kg rd wt)2,3 wt)2

DEASE ARM Arctic grayling Sport harvest: Residents of Déline have fished for subsistence in Clearwater Bay and other --no quota 1988--1,028 fish; sheltered bays near Cape MacDonnel, the mouth of the Bloody River, and at the 1989--561 fish; head of Dease Arm. In some years, large quantities of fish were sent back to Déline 1990--261 fish from fall fish camps along the Great Bear Lake shoreline. No estimates of past or Experimental harvest: current subsistence harvests were located. Guests of Plummer's Great Bear Lake 1984--3 fish; Lodge angle Arctic grayling, lake trout, lake whitefish, and northern pike from Dease Arm (Fig. 3+4). Estimates of the sport harvest of lake trout were generated by DFO lake cisco Experimental harvest: from their creel censuses of lodge guests in 1972, 1973, 1977 and 1984, and from --no quota 1973--1 fish; their angler diary program in 1988-90. Data from the 1987 angler diary program are 1984--20 fish; not included here due to the low response rate (9%). Creel census data from the sport lodge are summarized in Table 4. DFO conducted experimental gillnet fisheries lake trout Sport harvest: in Dease Arm in 1973 and 1984. The latter fishery sampled Arctic grayling, lake --no commercial 1972--6,828 fish (24,581 kg); cisco, lake trout, lake whitefish, and round whitefish for data on growth, reproduction, quota, recommended 1973--5,494 fish (18,781 kg); diet, and catch-effort. Between 1973 and 1984, the harvest and biological data show TAH of 2,000 fish per 1977--3,413 fish (13,072 kg); a decline in the mean length and age of lake trout caught by the fishery, a decline in year by trophy 1984--3,932 fish; the availability of trout >30 yr of age, and an increase in the instantaneous total fisheries 1988--1,903 fish; mortality rate. These are indications of a fishing down of the standing stock of lake 1989--1,311 fish; trout in Dease Arm, and also that the trout population had not yet stabilized and was 1990--861 fish; continuing to decline--despite the lower harvest in 1984. In 1988, DFO Experimental harvest: recommended that sport fishermen take no more than 2,000 lake trout annually 1984--276 fish (635 kg); (TAH2) from Dease Arm, in to order stabilize the population and to sustain the trophy fishery. (Falk and Dahlke 1974; Falk et al. 1974c, 1975; Moshenko and Gillman lake whitefish Experimental harvest: 1983; Yaremchuk 1986; Roberge and Dunn 1988; Clarke et al. 1989; Dunn and --no quota 1984--49 fish; Roberge 1989; Anderson and Thompson 1991; NLUIS Maps 86L and 96I; L. Anderson, pers. comm.)

northern pike Sport harvest: --no quota 1988--11 fish; 1989--8 fish; 1990--44 fish;

round whitefish Experimental harvest: --no quota 1973--4 fish (1.8 kg); 1984--3 fish; Table 2. Continued.

LOCATION1 QUOTA ESTIMATED HARVEST STOCK STATUS (references) (# of fish or kg rd (# of fish or kg rd wt)2,3 wt)2

KEITH ARM Arctic grayling Subsistence havest: In 1944, the annual subsistence harvest of fish by residents of Déline (Fort Franklin) --experimental --no quota 1993--70 fish; from Keith Arm was estimated at 220,000 kg; in 1961 at 117,360 kg; and, in 1973 at licence includes 22,650 kg. In 1977, the total subsistence harvest of fish from Great Bear Lake as a waters west of Fox whole was estimated at between 60,000 and 84,300 kg. Lake trout made up about Point (62°21'N, 37% of this harvest, lake cisco 31%, whitefish 26%, and Arctic grayling 6%. In 1944- 122°45'W) and cisco spp. [500] 1989--NF; 5, the fishery was mainly conducted in summer and most fish were used to feed the Manitou Island 1990--0 kg; approximately 600 dogs. Historically, the summer subsistence fishery for cisco sp. (65°02'N, 122°17'W) 1991--300 kg; has been unreliable, with large fluctuations in the annual harvest. In 1979, DFO but excluding the 1992--0 kg; sampled lake trout taken by subsistence fishermen in the vicinity of Déline for data on special harvesting 1993--0 kg; their growth and sexual maturity. No estimate of the subsistence harvest was given. area, effective 1994 Experimental fisheries have been conducted in Keith Arm annually since 1990. The season. Subsistence harvest: low harvests between 1990 and 1993 reflect the local market for fish, not their 1974--37,500 to 60,400 fish; catchability. In 1988, Lutra Associates Ltd. surveyed residents of Déline for 1993--710 fish; information on their subsistence fishing activities. DFO also collected data on the subsistence harvest from 1-31 August 1993. Neither study estimated the total annual lake trout [600] 1989--NF; subsistence harvest of fish by the community. Specific areas of Keith Arm are 1990--344 kg; discussed below. (Miller 1947; Sinclair et al. 1967; Bissett 1972; Rushforth 1976; 1991--600 kg; Guttman 1973 cited in Hall 1978; Falk et al. 1982; Lutra Associates Ltd. 1988; 1992--363 kg; Rawson Academy of Aquatic Science 1990; DFO 1992a+b, 1993, 1994, 1995; 1993--300 kg; McGowan 1993; G. Low, pers. comm.)

Subsistence harvest: 1974--4,400 to 6,600 fish; 1979--177 fish (640 kg) were sampled; 1993--731 fish;

lake whitefish [500] 1990--0 kg; 1991--200 kg; 1992---0 kg; 1993--0 kg;

Subsistence harvest: 1993--5 fish;

Alcyone Bay Residents of Déline have gillnetted lake trout and whitefish for subsistence from 65°12'N, 121°38'W Alcyone Bay in late spring and early summer. A spawning ground has been reported in Great Bear Lake at the mouth of a stream (65°10'N, 121°37'W) immediately south of Alcyone Bay. (NLUIS Map 96H)

Cloud Bay lake trout [685] 1982--0 kg; Experimental fisheries licenced in 1982 and 1986. No record of harvest. (McGowan 65°04'N, 121°40'W lake whitefish [455] 1986--NF; 1985; Yaremchuk et al. 1989; W. Bayha, pers. comm.) Table 2. Continued.

LOCATION1 QUOTA ESTIMATED HARVEST STOCK STATUS (references) (# of fish or kg rd (# of fish or kg rd wt)2,3 wt)2

Deerpass Bay Arctic grayling Subsistence harvest: Lake trout and whitefish are reported to spawn at the head of Deerpass Bay. 66°56'N, 122°25'W --no quota 1977--90 kg; Residents of Déline fish for subsistence at Deerpass Bay. They harvested an estimated 907 kg of fish from the area in the fall of 1973, and 1,270 kg in the spring of lake trout [685] 1982--0 kg; 1977. Experimental fisheries were licenced in 1982, 1983 and 1986 but there is no 1983--NF; record of harvest. Guests from Trophy Lodge on Smith Arm fly-in to Deerpass Bay to 1986--NF; angle for lake trout. (Hall 1978; McGowan 1985; Yaremchuk et al. 1989; NLUIS Subsistence harvest: Maps 96 G+J; L. Anderson and W. Bayha, pers. comm.) 1977--227 kg; Sport harvest: 1988--4 lake trout 1989--117 lake trout 1990--112 lake trout

lake whitefish [455] Subsistence harvest: 1977--909 kg;

northern pike Subsistence harvest: --no quota 1977--45 kg;

Dehselia lake trout [685] 1986--NF; Experimental fishery licenced in 1986, but not fished. (Yaremchuk et al. 1989; W. 65°05'N, 123°15'W lake whitefish [455] Bayha, pers. comm.)

Fort Franklin See KEITH ARM. Fort Franklin and Keith Arm refer to the same area or Great Bear (Great Bear Lake) Lake. (G. Low, pers. comm.) 65°11'N, 123°25'W

Fox trout [685] 1986--NF; Experimental fishery licenced in 1986, but not fished. (Yaremchuk et al. 1989; W. 65°21'N, 122°45'W lake whitefish [455] Bayha, pers. comm.)

Jupiter Bay lake trout + lake 1982--0 kg; Experimental fisheries licenced in 1982 and 1983. No record of harvest. (McGowan 65°19'N, 121°33'W whitefish [2,300] 1983--NF; 1985; Yaremchuk et al. 1989; W. Bayha, pers. comm.)

Manitou Bay lake trout [685] 1982--0 kg; Experimental fisheries licenced in 1982, 1983 and 1986. No record of harvest. 65°00'N, 122°09'W lake whitefish [455] 1983--NF; (McGowan 1985; Yaremchuk et al. 1989) 1986--NF;

Preble Bay Lake trout spawn in Preble Bay in late August and early September. (Johnson 65°30'N, 121°10'W 1975c). Table 2. Continued.

LOCATION1 QUOTA ESTIMATED HARVEST STOCK STATUS (references) (# of fish or kg rd (# of fish or kg rd wt)2,3 wt)2

Russel Bay lake trout [685] 1982--0 kg; Lake trout spawn in Russel Bay in late August and early September. Whitefish are 65°28'N, 122°52'W lake whitefish [455] 1983--NF; also reported to spawn in the bay. In the fall of 1973, an estimated 2,268 kg of fish 1986--NF; were harvested for subsistence from Russel Bay. In June of 1974, about 1,000 lake trout and whitefish were harvested at Russel Bay and returned to Déline. Experimental fisheries licenced in 1982, 1983 and 1986. No record of harvest. Two nets were set in 1982 but no fish were caught. (Johnson 1975c; Rushforth 1976; Guttman 1973 cited in Hall 1978; McGowan 1985; Yaremchuk et al. 1989; NLUIS Map 96G; W. Bayha and A.C. Day, pers. comm.)

Whiskey Jack Point lake trout [685] 1986--200 lake trout; Experimental fishery licenced in 1986. (Yaremchuk et al. 1989; W. Bayha, pers. 65°13'N, 123°00'W lake whitefish [455] comm.)

McTAVISH ARM Arctic grayling Sport harvest: Residents of Déline fish for subsistence in Hornby Bay and an unnamed bay (66°21'N, (north) --no quota 1988--84 fish; 119°47'W). In some years, large quantities of fish were sent back to Déline from fall fish 1989--51 fish; camps along the Great Bear Lake shoreline. No estimates of these or current subsistence 1990--39 fish; harvests were located. Sport fishermen from Arctic Circle Lodge and its outpost camp angle Arctic grayling, lake trout, lake whitefish, and northern pike from northern McTavish lake cisco Experimental harvest: Arm (Fig. 3+4). While they take the most fish, some guests from Plummer's Great Bear --no quota 1984--1 fish; Lake Lodge and Branson's Lodge also visit this area of the lake to fish. DFO estimated the sport harvest of lake trout from northern McTavish Arm from data supplied by Arctic Circle Lodge in 1972, from creel censuses of lodge guests in 1975 and 1984, and from their angler diary program in 1987-90. Creel census data from the sport lodge are summarized lake trout Sport harvest: in Table 4. Data from the 1987 angler diary program is not included here due to the low --no commercial 1972--1,484 fish (3,912 kg); response rate (33%). Pre-1988 harvest estimates only include fish harvested by guests of quota, recommended 1975--2,325 fish (6,517 kg); Arctic Circle Lodge. In 1984, DFO also conducted an experimental gillnet fishery in TAH of 1,500 fish per 1984--2,345 fish; northern McTavish Arm. Arctic grayling, lake cisco, lake trout, lake whitefish, northern year by trophy 1988--1,701 fish; pike, and round whitefish were sampled for data on growth, reproduction, diet, and catch- fisheries 1989--1,351 fish; effort. Based on the harvest and biological data, the stock of lake trout in northern 1990--1,018 fish; McTavish Arm appear to have declined between 1975 and 1984. Indicators of this change Experimental harvest: included a decrease of over 40% in the catch per unit of fishing effort, a shift towards smaller and younger fish in the catch, the disappearance of "trophy quality" trout older than 1984--379 fish (507 kg); 25 yr, and an increase in the instantaneous total mortality rate. These are indications of a fishing down of the standing stock of lake trout in northern McTavish Arm, and of its lake whitefish Experimental harvest: continued decline. In 1988, DFO recommended that sport fishermen take no more than --no quota 1984--5 fish; 1,500 lake trout (TAH) from northern McTavish Arm annually to enable the population to stabilize and to sustain the trophy fishery. Arctic Circle Lodge was closed in 1991, and will remain closed through the 1995 season. (Falk and Dahlke 1974; Moshenko and Gillman northern pike Sport harvest: 1978a; Yaremchuk 1986; Roberge and Dunn 1988; Clarke et al. 1989; Dunn and Roberge --no quota 1988--64 fish; 1989; Anderson and Thompson 1991; NLUIS Map 86L; L. Anderson and C. Plummer, pers. 1989--50 fish; comm.) 1990--13 fish;

round whitefish Experimental harvest: --no quota 1984--1 fish; Table 2. Continued.

LOCATION1 QUOTA ESTIMATED HARVEST STOCK STATUS (references) (# of fish or kg rd (# of fish or kg rd wt)2,3 wt)2

McTAVISH ARM Arctic grayling Sport harvest: In the past, hunters and trappers from Rae Lakes and Déline fished for subsistence in the (south) --no quota 1987--267 fish; fall at sheltered bays in the Conjuror Bay area. Arctic grayling were the main species 1988--323 fish; taken. They were eaten or used for dog food. No estimates of these or current 1989--196 fish; subsistence harvests were located. In 1945, the sport harvest of lake trout by residents of 1990--128 fish; Port Radium was estimated at 1,330 kg. More recent harvests by residents of the area are Experimental harvest: unknown. In summer, sport fishermen visit Branson's Lodge to angle Arctic grayling, lake 1973--7 fish; trout, lake whitefish, and northern pike from southern McTavish Arm (Fig. 3+4). Estimates of the sport harvest of lake trout were generated by DFO from creel censuses of lodge lake cisco Experimental harvest: guests in 1972, 1974, 1978 and 1984, and from their angler diary program in 1987-90. The --no quota 1973--16 fish (1.5 kg); weights of fish harvested in 1984 and 1987-90 were not estimated. Partial creel censuses were conducted in 1971 and 1973. Creel census data from the sport lodge are summarized in Table 4. DFO conducted experimental gillnet fisheries at Cameron Bay, in 1973, and in the vicinity of Branson's Lodge in 1978. Four of the 203 trout tagged during the 1978 sampling program were recovered within 10 km of the lodge in 1979. In 1984, DFO conducted an experimental gillnet fishery of southern McTavish Arm. Arctic grayling, lake trout, lake whitefish, northern pike, and round whitefish were sampled for data on lake trout Sport harvest: growth, reproduction, diet, and catch-effort. The stock of "trophy" sized fish in southern --no commercial 1971--partial creel; McTavish Arm was exhausted by 1972. Between 1973 and 1984, the harvest and quota, recommended 1972--3,635 fish (10,217 kg); biological data show a decline in the catch per unit of fishing effort, a decline in the mean TAH of 1,500 fish per 1973--partial creel; length and age of lake trout caught by the fishery, a marked absence of "trophy" fish older year by trophy 1974--3,963 fish (12,890 kg); than 24 yr, and an increase in the instantaneous total mortality rate. These are indications fisheries 1978--1,935 fish (7,212 kg); of a fishing down of the standing stock of lake trout in southern McTavish Arm, and also 1984--2,564 fish; that the trout population had not yet stabilized and was continuing to decline. In 1988, DFO 1987--1,136 fish; recommended that sport fishermen take no more than 1,500 lake trout (TAH) from southern 1988--1,202 fish; McTavish Arm annually in order stabilize the population and to sustain the trophy fishery. 1989----906 fish; Branson's Lodge was closed in 1991, and remained closed at the time of writing. The 1990----831 fish; Eldorado Mine at Port Radium (66°06'N, 118°05'W), produced silver and radium from 1932 Experimental harvest: to 1960, and was later re-opened to mine silver from 1976-81. The Echo Bay Mine, 1978--62 fish (85.5 kg); nearby, operated from 1964 to 1976, mining silver, copper, lead, and other associated minerals. Prior to 1975, both mines discharged tailings directly into Great Bear Lake. In 1984--126 fish (226 kg); 1972, DFO sampling in the vicinity found elevated heavy metal concentrations in the bottom sediment, and in lake cisco and lake trout collected near the tailings discharge. whitefish Experimental harvest: The levels of radionuclides and heavy metals in the sediment were still elevated in 1978, --no quota 1973--4 fish (15.6 kg); when they were again sampled. Flesh of lake trout in the vicinity was tested for mercury 1984--2 fish; and found to have low concentrations (0.01-0.05 mg kg-1), well within the limits for human consumption. Toxicity tests conducted in 1974 by Environment Canada showed the mine tailings discharge to be moderately acutely toxic to rainbow trout. After 1975, the mine tailings were deposited into McDonough Lake, where additional retention time and treatment could act to decrease the concentrations of toxicants. (Miller 1947; Falk et al. northern pike Sport harvest: 1973a+b, 1974a+c, 1975, 1982; Falk and Dahlke 1974; Wallace et al. 1975; Moore and --no quota 1987--31 fish; Sutherland 1981; Moshenko and Gillman 1983; Yaremchuk 1986; Nassichuk 1987; 1988--66 fish; Roberge and Dunn 1988; Clarke et al. 1989; Dunn and Roberge 1989; Anderson and 1989--55 fish; Thompson 1991; NLUIS Map 86E; L. Anderson and C. Plummer, pers. comm.) 1990--42 fish;

round whitefish Experimental harvest: --no quota 1973--17 fish (11 kg); 1984--2 fish; Table 2. Continued.

LOCATION1 QUOTA ESTIMATED HARVEST STOCK STATUS (references) (# of fish or kg rd (# of fish or kg rd wt)2,3 wt)2

McVICAR ARM Arctic grayling Sport harvest: In the fall of 1973, subsistence fishermen harvested an estimated 4,536 kg of fish --no quota 1987--145 fish; from McVicar Arm. Sport fishermen from the Neiland Bay and Bear Island outposts 1988--146 fish; of Great Bear Lodge angle Arctic grayling, lake trout, and northern pike from northern 1989--152 fish; McVicar Arm (Fig. 3+4). Estimates of the sport harvest of lake trout were generated Experimental harvest: by DFO from creel censuses of lodge guests in 1972, 1973, 1979 and 1984, and from 1984--1 fish; their angler diary program in 1987-89. Great Bear Lodge has been closed since 1990. A limited creel census was conducted in 1971, and some data were supplied lake cisco Experimental harvest: by the lodge in 1974. Creel census data from the lodge are summarized in Table 4. --no quota 1973--117 fish (11 kg); DFO conducted experimental gillnet fisheries in 1973 and 1979, in the Neiland Bay 1984--62 fish; and Bear Island areas respectively. In 1979, they tagged 256 lake trout. In 1984, DFO conducted an experimental gillnet fishery of northern McVicar Arm. Arctic lake trout Sport harvest: grayling, lake cisco, lake trout, lake whitefish, northern pike, and round whitefish were --no commercial 1971--partial creel; sampled for data on growth, reproduction, diet, and catch-effort. Large harvests of quota, recommended 1972--2,496 fish (11,717 kg); trout in the 1970's caused the mean length and age of lake trout in the MicVicar Arm TAH of 1,500 fish per 1973--2,292 fish (11,230 kg); stock to decline in the late 1970's. This led to a change in lodge policy such that year by trophy 1974--partial creel; each angler only retained one trophy fish. In 1984, based on the relatively large fisheries 1979-->1,026 fish (4,976 kg) mean length and age of trout caught by the experimental fishery and on the size of Bear Isl. only; fish in the intensive creel census, DFO believed that the stock had stabilized and that 1984--1,626 fish; trophy quality lake trout were still available. In 1988, DFO recommended that sport 1987--1,355 fish; fishermen take no more than 1,500 lake trout (TAH) from northern McVicar Arm 1988--771 fish; annually in order to sustain the trophy fishery. (Falk et al. 1974 a+c, 1975, 1982; 1989--892 fish; Guttman 1973 cited in Hall 1978; Yaremchuk 1986; Roberge and Dunn 1988; Clarke 1990--19 fish; et al. 1989; Dunn and Roberge 1989; Anderson and Thompson 1991; L. Anderson Experimental harvest: and C. Plummer, pers. comm.) 1979--42 fish (60 kg); 1984--148 fish (610 kg);

lake whitefish Experimental harvest: --no quota 1973--3 fish (14 kg); 1984--36 fish;

northern pike Sport harvest: --no quota 1987--52 fish; 1988--64 fish; 1989--55 fish; Experimental harvest: 1984--2 fish;

round whitefish Experimental harvest: --no quota 1973--21 fish (12.5 kg);

round whitefish Experimental harvest: --no quota 1984--12 fish; Table 2. Continued.

LOCATION1 QUOTA ESTIMATED HARVEST STOCK STATUS (references) (# of fish or kg rd (# of fish or kg rd wt)2,3 wt)2

SMITH ARM Arctic grayling Sport harvest: Residents of Déline fish for subsistence at sheltered bays along the coasts of Smith --no quota 1987--1,137 fish; Arm. In the fall and early winter of 1977, they harvested an estimated 13,608 kg of 1988--577 fish; fish from Bydand Bay (66°00'N, 124°55'W), and 3,636 kg of whitefish from McGill Bay 1989--396 fish; (66° 1990--313 fish; 35'N, 122°23'W) (see also Table 3, Whitefish River). Sport fishermen from Trophy Experimental harvest: Lodge angle Arctic grayling, lake trout, and northern pike from Smith Arm (Fig. 3+4). 1973--79 fish; Smaller numbers of fish are also harvested from the area by guests at Branson's 1985--35 fish; Lodge's outpost camp. DFO has estimated the sport harvest of lake trout from data provided by Trophy Lodge in 1972; from creel censuses of lodge guests in 1972, lake cisco Experimental harvest: 1973, 1976, 1980, and 1985; and from their angler diary program in 1987-90. The --no quota 1973--12 fish (4 kg); harvest estimates before 1987 were based only on data from Trophy Lodge. Creel 1985--33 fish; census data from the sport lodge are summarized in Table 4. DFO conducted an experimental gilInet and beach seine fishery of Smith Arm in 1973, and experimental gillnet fisheries in 1980 and 1985. They tagged 405 trout in 1980. In the more lake trout Sport harvest: extensive 1985 fishery, Arctic grayling, lake cisco, lake trout, lake whitefish, northern --no commercial 1972--3,709 fish (12,277 kg); pike, and round whitefish were sampled for data on growth, reproduction, diet, and quota, recommended 1973--3,850 fish (13,046 kg); catch-effort. While harvest and biological data suggested that the lake trout stock in TAH of 2,500 fish per 1976--2,758 fish (9,132 kg); Smith Arm had stabilized in 1980, this was no longer clear by 1985 when the modal year by trophy 1980--2,497 fish (6,092 kg); age of fish in the creel census sample declined and the instantaneous total mortality fisheries 1985--2,965 fish; rate remained high. However, gillnet sampling indicated that trophy quality trout were 1987--2,262 fish; still available in 1985. In 1988, DFO recommended that sport fishermen take no 1988--1,477 fish; more than 2,500 lake trout (TAH) from southern McTavish Arm annually in order 1989--1,535 fish; stabilize the population and to sustain the trophy fishery. (Falk et al. 1974a+c, 1975; 1990--1,111 fish; Hall 1978; Moshenko and Gillman 1978a; Gillman and Roberge 1982; Yaremchuk Experimental harvest: 1986; Roberge and Dunn 1988; Clarke et al. 1989; Dunn and Roberge 1989; 1980--43 fish (35 kg); Anderson and Thompson 1991; NLUIS Maps 96J+K; L. Anderson, pers. comm.) 1985--202 fish (668 kg);

lake whitefish Experimental harvest: --no quota 1973--83 fish (153 kg); 1985--256 fish;

northern pike Sport harvest: --no quota 1987--233 fish; 1988--150 fish; 1989--173 fish; 1990--174 fish; Experimental harvest: 1973--7 fish (22 kg); 1985--4 fish;

round whitefish Experimental harvest: --no quota 1973--5 fish (1.5 kg); 1985--35 fish; Table 2. Continued.

1 Fisheries are discussed under six main area headings, corresponding to the management areas DFO has used for the lake trout sport fishery (Fig. 3). Under the heading of "Keith Arm" a number of smaller areas with histories of interest in commercial or subsistence harvest are also discussed. 2 A round weight (kg rd wt) is that for a whole fish, while a dressed weight is that of a fish with the viscera and gills removed. The quotas are from Schedule V of the Northwest Territories Fishery Regulations except where they have been changed recently by Variation Order. In this case, the most recent quota is given. Square brackets indicate provisional test quotas. The quota years are the same as the federal government fiscal year (e.g. the 1995 quota extends from 1 April 1995 to 31 March 1996). "NA" indicates that a harvest may have taken place but that no data are available; "NF" indicates that a waterbody was opened for fishing by Variation Order but was not fished. "TAH" is the total allowable harvest that DFO has recommended for sport fisheries in each arm of Great Bear Lake. 3 Unless otherwise noted the harvests were taken by commercial or experimental fisheries. The "subsistence harvests" are taken by residents for their own use, "experimental harvests" were taken for scientific purposes, and the "sport harvests" by anglers. Sport harvest data are the "total estimated sport harvest" which includes fish kept as trophies, eaten for shore lunch, and which were released and subsequently died (estimated at 7% by Falk et al. 1974b). The 1971-73 harvest estimates for lake trout were taken from Falk et al. (1975) who recalculated the original data to reflect improved methodology. These estimates differ somewhat from those originally published by Falk et al. (1973a, 1974a), and are thought to be more accurate. They are also better comparable to the more recent harvest estimates which were calculated using similar methodology. Estimates of the total weight of fish killed by sport fisheries in 1984, and 1987-90 are not available. Sport harvest estimates for lake trout from 1987-90 include all of the lodges fishing in a particular arm of the lake--other harvest estimates are only for the lodge situated on that arm of the lake. 4 Rushforth (1976) reported total edible weights, which were assumed to be 80% of the total weight of the fish. These total edible weights have been converted to round weight in kilograms (i.e. total edible weight in kg / 0.8 = round weight in kg). Table 3. Harvests of fishes from tributaries of Great Bear Lake, NWT.

LOCATION1 QUOTA (kg rd ESTIMATED TOTAL STOCK STATUS (references) wt)2 HARVEST (# of fish or kg rd wt)3

Big Spruce River This stream drains into north-central Great Bear Lake. In 1975, an experimental seine 66°47'N, 121°21'W fishery caught immature Arctic grayling at the river mouth and 15 km upstream. (Sutherland and Gohlke 1978)

Bloody River The Bloody River drains southward into Dease Arm of Great Bear Lake. In 1975, an 66°56'N, 120°34'W experimental seine fishery at the river mouth caught immature Arctic grayling and round whitefish, and mature ninespine stickleback. Immature grayling were also taken at a site 50 km upstream from the river mouth. (Sutherland and Gohlke 1978)

Camsell River cisco spp. 1959--125 kg; A small commercial fishery was conducted at the mouth of the Camsell River (65°40'N, 65°40'N, 118°07'W --no quota 118°07'W) in 1959. Hunters and trappers from Rae Lakes and/or Déline have occasionally fished below White Eagle Falls (65°37'N, 117°49'W) to provide winter food for themselves and their dogs. At 16 m in height, these falls form a natural barrier to Arctic grayling Sport harvest: upstream fish migration in the Camsell River. Guests of Branson's Lodge on southern --no quota 1988--41 fish (1.49 fish McTavish Arm visit the Camsell River to angle for Arctic grayling, lake trout, and caught per angler hr); northern pike--much of the fishing takes place below White Eagle Falls. This report has 1989--6 fish (1.12 fish caught not been confirmed. Anglers from the lodge also visit , which is on the per angler hr); Camsell River system upstream from the settlement area. DFO conducted a limnological and biological survey of Hottah Lake in 1972. In the past, Terra Mine lake trout 1959--2,336 kg; (65°36'N, 118°08'W), near the mouth of the Camsell River discharged tailings from its --no quota Sport harvest: silver and copper mining and milling operation into a small lake known locally as "Ho- 1988--16 fish (0.47 fish Hum Lake", which in turn discharges through a muskeg area into the Camsell River. caught per angler hr); DFO sampled sediments and biota in the lake and in Camsell River, above and below 1989--4 fish (0.18 fish caught the lake outfall, in 1972. Elevated levels of heavy metals were found in sediment and per angler hr); fish from the tailings pond, but not in sediment or benthos in the Camsell River below its outfall. In 1974, Environment Canada tested the toxicity of samples from Ho-Hum Lake lake whitefish 1959--14 kg; on rainbow trout and did not find them to be acutely toxic. (Falk et al. 1973b; Wong and --no quota Whillans 1973; Wallace et al. 1975; Yaremchuk et al. 1989; NLUIS Maps 86E+F; L. Anderson and C. Plummer, pers. comm.)

northern pike Sport harvest: --no quota 1988--3 fish (0.03 fish caught per angler hr); 1989--NA (0.08 fish caught per angler hr);

Contact Lake lake trout Sport harvest: Guests of Bransons's Lodge sometimes fly-in to Contact Lake to angle for lake trout and 65°59'N, 117°50'W --no quota 1988--5 fish (0.54 fish caught northern pike. (L. Anderson, pers. comm.) per angler hr); 1989--5 fish (1.2 fish caught per angler hr); Table 3. Continued.

LOCATION1 QUOTA (kg rd ESTIMATED TOTAL STOCK STATUS (references) wt)2 HARVEST (# of fish or kg rd wt)3

Dease River An experimental gillnet and seine fishery in 1976 caught Arctic grayling, cisco sp., lake 66°53'N, 119°02'W trout, lake whitefish, longnose sucker, ninespine stickleback, northern pike, and slimy sculpin in the Dease River system. Several sites were sampled, including the Dease River near Sandy Creek, Lac la Roux, and upstream from the settlement area at Lac Rouviere. Arctic grayling apparently move upstream from Great Bear Lake in May to spawn in the Dease River system. (Sutherland and Gohlke 1978)

Greenhorn River Arctic Grayling Sport harvest: Guest of Plummer's Great Bear Lake Lodge visit the "Sulky River" to angle for Arctic (Sulky River) --no quota 1988--21 fish (3.7 fish caught grayling and lake trout. (L. Anderson, pers. comm.) 67°00'N, 119°34'W per angler hr); 1989--13 fish (2.8 fish caught per angler hr);

lake trout Sport harvest: --no quota 1988--2 fish (0.45 fish caught per angler hr);

Haldane River The Haldane River drains southward into Dease Arm of Great Bear Lake. In 1975, an 66°51'N, 121°15'W experimental seine fishery at the river mouth caught immature burbot, lake whitefish, round whitefish and sucker, and mature ninespine stickleback and slimy sculpin. Immature grayling and round whitefish were also taken at a site 55 km upstream from the river mouth. The Haldane River and its tributaries are migration routes, and spawning and nursery areas, for Arctic grayling and round whitefish. (Sutherland and Gohlke 1978)

Johnny Hoe River lake whitefish Subsistence harvest: Lake whitefish move from Great Bear Lake into the Johny Hoe River from about mid- 64°48'N, 121°25'W --no quota 1945--710,000 kg; August through mid-September. Historically these fish have been the focus of a very 1973--13,600 kg; important fall fishery by residents of Déline. The whitefish are gillnetted in the river and frozen for human consumption and dog food. The extent of this fishery has apparently decreased as the number of dogs in Déline have diminished. In the past, weirs were also erected in the river to catch the migrating whitefish. Guests of Great Bear Lodge sometimes visit the Johnny Hoe River to angle for northern pike. (Miller 1947; Villiers 1967; Guttman 1973 cited in Hall 1978; NLUIS 96A; L. Anderson, pers. comm.)

Junius Lake An experimental gillnet fishery in 1977 caught lake trout and longnose sucker in this 66°27'N, 116°38'W lake on the Sloan River system. (Stewart and MacDonald 1978)

Katseyedie River lake trout Sport harvest: The Katseyedie River drains southward into Smith Arm of Great Bear Lake. In 1975, an 66°32'N, 123°12'W --no quota 1989--1 fish (1.5 fish caught experimental gillnet fishery caught Arctic grayling, lake cisco, lake trout, lake whitefish, per angler hr); and round whitefish at the river mouth. An outpost camp of Branson's Lodge is situated on the bay near the river mouth. Lake trout comprise most of the angler's catches, and are known to ascend the deep-channeled river mouth. Arctic grayling, round whitefish, and cisco ascend the river to spawn in its middle and upper reaches. Immature grayling were caught by seine net about 15 km upstream from the river mouth. (Sutherland and Gohlke 1978; L. Anderson, pers. comm.) Table 3. Continued.

LOCATION1 QUOTA (kg rd ESTIMATED TOTAL STOCK STATUS (references) wt)2 HARVEST (# of fish or kg rd wt)3

Kekwinatui Lake Hunters and trappers have fished this lake for subsistence. (NLUIS Map 96G) 65°38'N, 123°08'W

Lac Ste. Therese Arctic grayling Sport harvest: Lac Ste. Therese on the Johnny Hoe River system is an important winter subsistence 64°38'N, 121°30'W --no quota 1984--546 caught, 66 kept; fishery for residents of Déline. Guests of Branson's Lodge on Great Bear Lake also fly to Lac Ste. Therese to angle for Arctic grayling, northern pike, and walleye. In 1985, lodge guides collected data from this fishery for DFO, and DFO sampled Arctic grayling lake trout Experimental harvest: and walleye from the fishermen's creels. Experimental harvests were taken from the --no quota 1961--297 kg; lake in 1961, 1962, 1973, 1979, and 1980. DFO sampled fish in the lake for biological 1962--2,546 kg; data and mercury in 1975, 1980, and 1992-94--organic contaminants were also 1980--61 kg measured in 1994. High concentrations (>0.5 ppm) of mercury are found in the flesh of lake whitefish Experimental harvest: lake trout, lake whitefish, northern pike, and walleye of Lac Ste. Therese. The mercury --no quota 1962--2,351 kg; occurs naturally in the lake basin and these high levels have persisted for the past 18 1979--550 kg; years. Mercury levels in the fish exceed recommended levels for human consumption. 1980--363 kg Residents of Déline have been made aware of the high mercury content of the fish in Lac Ste. Therese. In 1980, DFO prohibited the sale for human consumption of a northern pike Sport harvest: harvest of lake trout, northern pike, and walleye from Lac Ste Therese. There is no --no quota 1984--162 caught, 24 kept; record of commercial fishing at the lake since 1980. (Sinclair et al. 1967; Bissett 1972; Dunn and Roberge 1989; Yaremchuk et al. 1989; Stephens 1995; NLUIS 96A; L. Lockhart and G. Low, pers. comm.; DFO, unpubl. data) walleye Sport harvest: [6 yr 2,800] 1984--318 caught, 100 kept;

Experimental harvest: 1961--500 kg; 1962--16,754 kg; 1973--189 kg; 1980--190 kg

Lost Hill Lake Hunters and trappers have fished for themselves and their dogs at this lake. (Rushforth 65°40'N, 123°23'W 1976; NLUIS 96G)

Man Drowned Himself Hunters and trappers have fished for themselves and their dogs at this lake. (NLUIS Lake 96G) 65°42'N, 123°12'W

Tatui Lake Hunters and trappers have fished for themselves and their dogs at this lake. (Rushforth 65°58'N, 123°02'W 1976)

Tilchuse River Arctic grayling Sport harvest: Guests of Branson's Lodge sometimes visit the rapids below Cruikshanks Lake to angle (Cruikshank River) --no quota 1988--1 fish (3.3 fish caught for Arctic grayling. (L. Anderson and C. Plummer, pers. comm.) 65°52.5'N, 117°35'W per angler hr);

Tuitatui Lake Hunters and trappers have fished for themselves and their dogs at this lake. (NLUIS 64°46'N, 123°15'W 96G) Table 3. Continued.

LOCATION1 QUOTA (kg rd ESTIMATED TOTAL STOCK STATUS (references) wt)2 HARVEST (# of fish or kg rd wt)3

Tunago Lake Hunters and trappers from Fort Good Hope who visit Tunago Lake in fall and winter fish 66°20'N, 126°00'W there to provide food for themselves and their dogs. Whitefish, lake trout, Arctic grayling, northern pike and burbot are harvested. (Bissett 1972; Taptuna and Low 1995; NLUIS Map 96K)

unnamed lake Lake trout and whitefish are reported to migrate upstream from McVicar Arm into this 65°02'N, 121°20'W lake in early June. (NLUIS 96H)

unnamed lake Broad whitefish and burbot were collected from this lake near Déline for genetic and 65°10'N, 123°25'W toxicological studies in October 1985. (Reist 1987; Lockhart et al. 1989)

unnamed lake Hunters and trappers from Déline and Rae Lakes who visited this area in winter 65°31'N, 118°54'W occasionally fished in this lake for subsistence. (NLUIS Map 86E)

unnamed lake Hunters and trappers from Déline who visited "Caribou Point" in winter have 66°33'N, 119°18'W occasionally fished in this unnamed lake for subsistence. (Rushforth 1976; NLUIS Map 86L)

unnamed lake Trappers have fished this unnamed lake in the winter. (Bissett 1967; NLUIS 96A) (Johnny Hoe River) 64°22'N, 122°00'W

unnamed lake Residents of Déline have conducted a subsistence fishery at this lake on the Johnny (Johnny Hoe River) Hoe River system. (Bissett 1967; NLUIS 96A) 64°47'N, 121°31'W

unnamed lake An experimental gillnet fishery in 1977 caught lake trout, longnose sucker, and round (Sloan River) whitefish at this unnamed lake on the Sloan River system. Several sites upstream from 66°36'N, 116°25'W the settlement area were also sampled. (Stewart and MacDonald 1978)

White Water Lily Lake Hunters and trappers have fished for themselves and their dogs at this lake. (NLUIS 65°46', 124°08'W 96F)

Whitefish Lake lake trout + lake 1982--0 kg; Whitefish lake was opened by Variation Order for commercial fishing annually from 65°43'N, 125°00'W whitefish 500 1982-87. No record of commercial harvest. (Yaremchuk et al. 1989)

Whitefish River lake whitefish Subsistence harvest: The Whitefish River supports an important fall subsistence fishery by residents of 65°52'N, 124°45'W --no quota 1945--40,000 kg (est.) Déline. Lake whitefish are taken by gillnet as they enter the river from Great Bear Lake from about mid-August through mid-September. The fish are frozen and stored for winter consumption and dogfood (see also Table 1, SMITH ARM). Northern pike migrate upstream in the Whitefish River in early June and move downstream into Bydand Bay in late October. Sport fishermen from Trophy Lodge visit the river to angle for northern pike. (Miller 1947; Villiers 1967; NLUIS 96F; Trophy Lodge Brochure)

Yeta Lake Hunters and trappers from Déline and Rae Lakes who visited this area in winter 65°36'N, 118°46'W occasionally fished in Yeta Lake for subsistence. (NLUIS Map 86E) Table 3. Continued.

1 Old or alternate names for the fisheries are shown in brackets.

2 A round weight (kg rd wt) is that for a whole fish, while a dressed weight is that of a fish with the viscera and gills removed. Square brackets indicate provisional test quotas. The quota years are the same as the federal government fiscal year (e.g. the 1995 quota extends from 1 April 1995 to 31 March 1996). "NA" indicates that a harvest may have taken place but that no data are available; "NF" indicates that a waterbody was opened for fishing by Variation Order but was not fished. 3 Unless otherwise noted the harvests were taken by commercial or experimental fisheries. The "subsistence harvests" were taken by residents for their own use, "experimental harvests" were taken for scientific purposes, and the "sport harvests" were taken by anglers. Sport harvest data are the "total estimated sport harvest" which includes fish kept as trophies, eaten for shore lunch, and which were released and subsequently died (estimated at 7% by Falk et al. 1974b). These data were from the DFO angler diary program, 1987-90 (L. Anderson, pers. comm.). Table 4. A summary of harvest and creel census data for sport fishing lodges on Great Bear Lake, NWT.

ESTIMATED AVERAGE ESTIMATED SPECIES TOTAL HARVEST NUMBER OF FISH TOTAL NUMBER COMMENTS (references)4 (# of fish killed)1 CAUGHT PER OF ANGLER ANGLER HOUR2 DAYS3

ARCTIC CIRCLE LODGE (66°20'N, 117°47'W) Established in 1965, this lodge is situated at the southeastern end of Great Bear Lake (Fig. 3). It operates during July and August with a guest bed capacity of 34. Arctic grayling, lake trout, and northern pike are the main species sought. Lodge guests fish mainly in northern McTavish Arm (Fig. 4). Some guests are also flown to the Coppermine River, on the coast in the Nunavut Settlement Area, to fish for Arctic charr, and to an outpost camp about 100 km to the west on Hornby Bay (66°30'N, 118°08'W), to fish for lake trout. The lodge participated in a number of DFO creel censuses between 1972 and 1984, and in DFO's angler diary program in 1987-90. These programs were designed to gather the data needed to manage the sport fishery. Data from the 1987 angler diary program is omitted due to low angler participation. Arctic Circle Lodge was closed in 1991 and will remain closed through the 1995 season. (Falk et al. 1973a, 1975; Yaremchuk 1986; Roberge and Dunn 1988; Anderson and Thompson 1991; EDT 1995; L. Anderson and C. Plummer, pers. comm.)

Arctic 1975--15 kept (R); -5 - DFO recorded Arctic grayling from angler's creels in 1975 and 1984. They grayling 1984--121 kept 0.59 79 (R) estimated the sport harvests of grayling in 1988-90 using data from the angler diary (R); 1.70 147 program. (Moshenko and Gillman 1978a; Dunn and Roberge 1989; L. Anderson, 1988--84; 1.70 95 pers. comm.) 1989--51; 0.90 79 1990--39; - - 1991--NA5; - 0 1992-94--0;

lake trout 1972--1,484; - 784 Sport harvests of lake trout were estimated from creel censuses of lodge guests. 1975--2,325; 1.75 860 The 1972 estimate is based on a catch summary provided to DFO by the lodge. In 1984--2,345; 1.01 1,381 1975 and 1984, DFO conducted the creel censuses and sampled lake trout from 1988--1,150; 1.15 1,181 angler's catches. Lodge guides also recorded field data on lake trout as part of an 1989--1,005; 2.21 689 intensive creel census conducted by DFO in 1984. Estimates of the sport harvest of 1990--839; 1.23 730 trout in 1988-90 were generated by DFO from data gathered by the angler diary 1991--NA; - - program. (Falk et al. 1973a; Moshenko and Gillman 1978a; Yaremchuk 1986; 1992-94--0; - 0 Roberge and Dunn 1988; L. Anderson, pers. comm.)

lake whitefish 1984--6 kept (R); 0.19 6 (R) DFO recorded lake whitefish from angler's creels in 1984. (Dunn and Roberge 1989)

northern pike 1975--0 kept (R); - - DFO recorded northern pike from angler's creels in 1975 and 1984. They estimated 1984--2 kept (R); 0.27 6(R) the sport harvests of pike in 1988-90 using data from the angler diary program. 1988--64; 1.94 163 (Moshenko and Gillman 1978a; Dunn and Roberge 1989; L. Anderson, pers. 1989--50; 2.73 74 comm.) 1990--13; 1.18 62 1991--NA; - - 1992-94--0; - 0 Table 4. Continued.

ESTIMATED AVERAGE ESTIMATED SPECIES TOTAL HARVEST NUMBER OF FISH TOTAL NUMBER COMMENTS (references)4 (# of fish killed)1 CAUGHT PER OF ANGLER ANGLER HOUR2 DAYS3

BRANSON'S LODGE (66°03'N, 117°48'W) Established in the early 1960's, this lodge is situated on the northeastern shore of Great Bear Lake at the old town of Cameron Bay (Fig. 3). It operates during July and August with a guest bed capacity of 40, and has outpost camp at Katseyedie River (66°31.5'N, 123°10'W) on the north shore of Smith Arm. Arctic grayling, lake trout, and northern pike are the main species sought. Lodge guests fish mostly in southern McTavish Arm (Fig. 4). They can also fly-in to northern McTavish Arm and Smith Arm to fish for trout; to Lac Ste. Therese (64°38'N, 121°32'W) and (64°00'N, 123°05'W) for grayling, trout, pike and walleye; and to the Coppermine (67°49'N, 115°04'W) and Kugaryuak (67°42'N, 113°19'W) rivers for Arctic charr. The lodge participated in a number of creel censuses between 1971 and 1984, and in the angler diary program in 1987-90. These programs were designed by DFO to gather the data needed to manage the sport fishery. The lodge was closed in 1991 and was still closed at the time of writing. (Falk et al. 1973a, 1974a, 1975; Moshenko and Gillman 1983; Yaremchuk 1986; Roberge and Dunn 1988; Dunn and Roberge 1989; Anderson and Thompson 1991; EDT 1995; L. Anderson and C. Plummer, pers. comm.)

Arctic 1973--0 kept (R); - - DFO recorded Arctic grayling in angler's creels in 1973, 1974, and 1978. A few grayling 1974--36 kept (R); - - grayling were sampled from the angler's creels in 1971-73. Estimates of the sport 1978--792 kept - - harvests of grayling in 1987-90 were generated by DFO using data from the angler (R); 0.48 102 (R) diary program. Guests also visit the Camsell (65°40'N, 118°07'W) and Cruikshank 1984--90 kept (R); 2.43 240 rivers to angle for for grayling. (Falk and Dahlke 1974; Falk et al. 1974a, 1975; 1987--267; 2.08 362 Moshenko and Gillman 1983; Dunn and Roberge 1989; L. Anderson, pers. comm.) 1988--323; 2.19 235 1989--196; 2.42 113 1990--128; - - 1991--NA5; - 0 1992-94--0;

lake trout 1971--partial creel; - - DFO estimated the sport harvest of lake trout using data from creel censuses of 1972--3,635; - 1,320 lodge guests in 1972, 1975, 1978, and 1984, from angler diaries in 1987-90. They 1973--partial creel; 0.75 - sampled lake trout from angler's creels in 1972, 1974, 1978, and 1984. Partial creel 1974--3,963 0.93 - censuses were conducted in 1971 and 1973. (Falk et al. 1973a, 1974a+c, 1975; 1978--1,935; 0.83 1,250 Moshenko and Gillman 1978b, 1983; Yaremchuk 1986; Roberge and Dunn 1988; L. 1984--2,564; 0.74 2,199 Anderson, pers. comm.) 1987--1,815; 1.08 1,620 1988--1,780; 0.93 1,828 1989--1,353; 1.16 1,398 1990--1,229; 1.28 912 1991--NA; - - 1992-94--0; - 0

lake whitefish 1984--0 kept (R); 0.25 1(R) DFO sampled a few lake whitefish from angler's creels in 1972, and recorded lake whitefish in angler's creels in 1984. (Falk and Dahlke 1974; Dunn and Roberge 1989) Table 4. Continued.

ESTIMATED AVERAGE ESTIMATED SPECIES TOTAL HARVEST NUMBER OF FISH TOTAL NUMBER COMMENTS (references)4 (# of fish killed)1 CAUGHT PER OF ANGLER ANGLER HOUR2 DAYS3

northern pike 1973--0 kept (R); - - DFO recorded northern pike in angler's creels in 1973, 1974, 1978, and 1984. They 1974--2 kept (R); - - estimated the sport harvest of pike in 1987-90, using data gathered by the angler 1978--77 kept (R); - - diary program. (Falk et al. 1974a, 1975; Moshenko and Gillman 1983; Dunn and 1984--15 kept (R); 0.33 38 (R) Roberge 1989; L. Anderson, pers. comm.) 1987--31; 1.44 74 1988--66; 1.84 96 1989--55; 1.46 122 1990--42; 1.91 71 1991--NA; - - 1992-94--0; - 0

GREAT BEAR LODGE Established in 1965, at Sawmill Bay (65°43'N, 118°54'W), this lodge now houses its guests at its Neiland Bay outpost (65°44'N, 119°47'W) on the south shore of Great Bear Lake (Fig. 3). The lodge still uses runway facilities at Sawmill Bay, but has not housed anglers there since the 1980's. Another outpost at Bear Island (65°33'N, 119°58'W) has been closed since 1989. Great Bear Lodge operates during July and August with a guest bed capacity of 54. Arctic grayling, lake trout, and northern pike are the main species sought. Lodge guests fish mainly in northern McVicar Arm (Fig. 4). They can also take fly-in trips to Hottah Lake (65°10'N, 118°35'W) to fish for lake trout and northern pike. The lodge participated in a number of creel censuses between 1971 and 1984, and in the angler diary program from 1987-89. These programs were designed by DFO to collect the data needed to manage the sport fishery. The Neiland Bay outpost has been closed since 1990, to facilitate stock recovery. (Falk et al. 1973a, 1974a+c; Wong and Willans 1973; Yaremchuk 1986; Anderson and Thompson 1991; EDT 1995; L. Anderson and C. Plummer, pers. comm.)

Arctic 1972--97 kept (R); - 435 (R) DFO recorded Arctic grayling from angler's creels in 1972 (Neiland Bay), 1973 grayling 1973--65 kept (R); - - (Neiland Bay), 1979 (Bear Island), and 1984 (both). A few grayling from angler's 1979--14 kept (R); - - creels were sampled in 1971-73. DFO estimated the sport harvest of grayling in 1984--117 kept 0.66 174 (R) 1987-89 using data from the angler diary program. Fishermen from the lodge are (R); 1.93 230 also flown to Blackwater Lake (64°00'N, 123°05'W) or the mouth of the Great Bear 1987--145; 2.32 143 River for grayling fishing. (Falk et al. 1973a, 1974a, 1982; Falk and Dahlke 1974; 1988--146; 2.07 203 Dunn and Roberge 1989; L. Anderson, pers. comm.) 1989--152: - 0 1990-94--0; Table 4. Continued.

ESTIMATED AVERAGE ESTIMATED SPECIES TOTAL HARVEST NUMBER OF FISH TOTAL NUMBER COMMENTS (references)4 (# of fish killed)1 CAUGHT PER OF ANGLER ANGLER HOUR2 DAYS3

lake trout 1971--partial creel; - - DFO estimated the sport harvests of lake trout from creel censuses of lodge guests 1972--2,496 kept; - 435 (R) in 1972, 1973, 1979 and 1984, and from the angler diary program in 1987-89. They 1973--2,292; 0.66 - sampled lake trout from angler's creels in 1972 and 1973 at the Neiland Bay 1974--partial creel; - - Outpost, in 1979 at the Bear Island Outpost, and in 1984 at both. The 1972 and 1979-->1,026; 0.78 1,195 1973 estimates for a single outpost were extrapolated to give the lodge's total lake 1984--1,626; 1.02 1,068 trout harvest. The 1979 harvest estimate is low since it is only for the Bear Island 1987--1,153; 1.35 1,155 Outpost. Lodge guides also recorded field data on lake trout as part of an intensive 1988--746; 1.34 748 creel census conducted by DFO in 1984. (Falk et al. 1973a, 1974a+c, 1975, 1982; 1989--868; 1.16 970 Yaremchuk 1986; Roberge and Dunn 1988; L. Anderson, pers. comm.) 1990-94--0; - 0

lake whitefish 1979--0 kept (R); - - DFO recorded lake whitefish from angler's creels in 1979 (Bear Island). (Falk et al. 1982)

northern pike 1973--15 kept (R); - - DFO recorded northern pike from angler's creels in 1973 (Neiland Bay), 1979 (Bear 1979--8 kept (R); - - Island), and 1984 (both). They estimated the sport harvest of pike in 1987-89 using 1984--6 kept (R); 0.78 50 (R) data from the angler diary program. (Falk et al. 1974a, 1982; Dunn and Roberge 1987--52; 3.83 120 1989; L. Anderson, pers. comm.) 1988--64; 4.45 84 1989--55; 2.24 144 1990-94--0; - 0

PLUMMER'S GREAT BEAR LAKE LODGE (66°43'N, 119°42'W) Established at its present location in 1968 (prior to this time it was located on Conjuror Bay of McTavish Arm), this lodge is situated on the Dease Arm of Great Bear Lake (Fig. 3). It operates during July and August with a guest bed capacity of 54. Arctic grayling, lake trout, and northern pike are the main species sought. Lodge guests fish mostly in Dease Arm, and some also visit northern McTavish Arm to fish for trout (Fig. 4). The lodge has an outpost camp at Tree River, in the Nunavut Settlement Area, where guests are flown to fish for Arctic charr. They can also fly-in to the Coppermine River (67°49'W, 115°04'W) to fish for charr in the Nunavut Settlement Area, and to the "Sulky River" (67°00'N, 119°34'W) to fish for grayling. The lodge participated in a number of creel censuses between 1972 and 1984, and in an angler diary program from 1987-90. These studies were designed by DFO to collect the data needed to manage the sport fishery. The 1987 data are not included here due to a low angler response rate. (Moshenko and Gillman 1983; Yaremchuk 1986; Roberge and Dunn 1988; Anderson and Thompson 1991; EDT 1995; L. Anderson and C. Plummer, pers. comm.)

Arctic 1973--197 kept - - Fishermen angle for grayling near the lodge. DFO recorded Arctic grayling in grayling (R); - - angler's creels in 1973, 1977 and 1984, and sampled a few fish from angler's creels 1977--212 kept 1.08 341 (R) in 1972 and 1973. They estimated the sport harvests of grayling in 1988-90 using (R); 4.01 475 data from the angler diary program. (Falk et al. 1973a, 1974a; Falk and Dahlke 1984--685 kept 2.16 382 1974; Moshenko and Gillman 1983; Dunn and Roberge 1989; L. Anderson, pers. (R); 2.47 183 comm.) 1988--1,028; - - 1989--561; 1990--261; 1991-94--NA; Table 4. Continued.

ESTIMATED AVERAGE ESTIMATED SPECIES TOTAL HARVEST NUMBER OF FISH TOTAL NUMBER COMMENTS (references)4 (# of fish killed)1 CAUGHT PER OF ANGLER ANGLER HOUR2 DAYS3

lake trout 1972--6,828; - 3,192 Sport harvests of lake trout were estimated by DFO from creel censuses of lodge guests 1973--5,494; 0.74 - in 1972, 1973, 1977 and 1984, and from angler diaries in 1988-90. Trout from angler's 1977--3,413; 0.56 2,635 creels were sampled in 1972, 1973, 1977, and 1984. Lodge guides also recorded field 1984--3,932; 1.05 2,191 data on lake trout as part of an intensive creel census conducted by DFO in 1984. (Falk 1988--1,811; 1.35 1,496 et al. 1973a, 1974a+c, 1975; Moshenko and Gillman 1983; Yaremchuk 1986; Roberge 1989--1,328; 1.10 1,251 and Dunn 1988; L. Anderson, pers. comm.) 1990--884; 1.16 714 1991-94--NA; - -

lake whitefish 1984--0 kept (R); 0.94 2 (R) DFO sampled a few lake whitefish from angler's creels in 1972, and recorded lake whitefish in guests creels in 1984. (Falk and Dahlke 1974; Dunn and Roberge 1989)

northern pike 1973--1 kept (R); - - DFO sampled a few northern pike from angler's creels in 1972, and recorded 1984--15 kept (R); 0.38 12 (R) northern pike in angler's creels in 1973 and 1984. They estimated the sport harvest 1988--11; 1.53 18 of pike in 1988-90 using data from the angler diary program. (Falk et al. 1974a; 1989--8; 1.12 14 Dunn and Roberge 1989; L. Anderson, pers. comm.) 1990--44; 0.99 28 1991-94--0; - 0

TROPHY LODGE (62°43'N, 109°10'W) Established in 1967, this lodge is situated on Ford Bay in the Smith Arm of Great Bear Lake, and operates an outpost camp at Good Hope Bay (66°19'N, 124°20'W) (Fig. 3). It operates during July and August with a guest bed capacity of 40. Arctic grayling, lake trout, and northern pike are the main species sought. Lodge guests fish mostly in Smith Arm, but occasionally visit Preble Bay in Keith Arm (Fig. 4). They can also fly-in to Lac Belot (66°55'N, 126°18'W), Lac-de-Bois (66°40'N, 125°15'W), or other locations on the Anderson River system to fish for lake trout or northern pike; to the Anderson River (69°50'N, 120°45'W) to fish for inconnu; or to the Coppermine River (67°49'N, 115°04'W) to fish for Arctic charr and Arctic grayling. The lodge participated in a number of creel censuses between 1972 and 1984, and in an angler diary program from 1987- 90. These studies were designed by DFO to collect the data needed to manage the sport fishery. (Yaremchuk 1986; Roberge and Dunn 1988; Dunn and Roberge 1989; Anderson and Thompson 1991; EDT 1995; L. Anderson and C. Plummer, pers. comm.)

Arctic 1972--39 kept (R); - - Information on the 1972 catch was provided to DFO by the lodge. DFO recorded grayling 1973--459 kept - - Arctic grayling from angler's creels in 1973, 1976, 1980 and 1984, and sampled a (R); - - few grayling from the angler's creels in 1973. They estimated the sport harvest of 1976--437 kept - - grayling in 1987-90 using data from the angler diary program. (Falk et al. 1973a, (R); 1.61 351 (R) 1974a; Falk and Dahlke 1974; Moshenko and Gillman 1978a; Gillman and Roberge 1980--434 kept 5.55 470 1982; Dunn and Roberge 1989; L. Anderson pers. comm.) (R); 5.13 418 1985--762 kept 3.64 323 (R); 4.82 205 1987--1,137; - - 1988--577; 1989--396; 1990--313; 1991-94--NA; Table 4. Continued.

ESTIMATED AVERAGE ESTIMATED SPECIES TOTAL HARVEST NUMBER OF FISH TOTAL NUMBER COMMENTS (references)4 (# of fish killed)1 CAUGHT PER OF ANGLER ANGLER HOUR2 DAYS3

lake trout 1972--3,709; - - Sport harvests of lake trout were estimated from creel censuses of lodge guests 1973--3,850; 0.83 - prior to 1986, and from the angler diary program in 1987-90 . Information on the 1976--2,758; 0.65 1,600 1972 catch was provided to DFO by the lodge. DFO sampled lake trout from 1980--2,497; 1.23 1,995 angler's creels in 1973, 1976, 1980, and 1985. They also conducted an 1985--2,965; 0.88 1,908 experimental gillnet fishery in the area in 1980, and tagged 405 lake trout. Lodge 1987--1,717; 1.60 1,247 guides recorded field data on lake trout as part of an intensive creel census 1988--1,094; 1.43 1,005 conducted by DFO in 1984. (Falk et al. 1973a, 1974a+c; Moshenko and Gillman 1989--1,170; 1.35 1,101 1978a; Gillman and Roberge 1982; Yaremchuk 1986; Roberge and Dunn 1988; L. 1990--970; 1.10 809 Anderson, pers. comm.) 1991-94--NA; - -

northern pike 1973--53 kept (R); - - DFO recorded northern pike from angler's creels in 1973, 1976, 1980 and 1984, and 1976--87 kept (R); - - sampled a few pike from the angler's creels in 1973. They estimated the sport 1980--126 kept - - harvests of pike in 1987-90 using data from the angler diary program. Anglers can (R); 1.72 189 (R) travel by boat to a "hotspot" for pike fishing at the Whitefish River (65°52'N, 1985--172 kept 4.77 220 124°45'W). (Falk et al. 1974a; Moshenko and Gillman 1978a; Gillman and Roberge (R); 4.32 184 1982; Dunn and Roberge 1989; L. Anderson, pers. comm.) 1987--233; 3.67 196 1988--150; 4.48 171 1989--173; - - 1990--174; 1991-94--NA;

1 Estimates of the total number of fish killed include fish retained ("kept") as trophies, eaten for shore lunches, and that died after being released (estimated at 7% by Falk et al. 1974b). The 1971-3 harvest estimates for lake trout were taken from Falk et al. (1975) who recalculated the original data to reflect improved methodology. These estimates differ somewhat from those originally published Falk et al. (1973a, 1974a), and are thought to be more accurate. Where an estimate of the total harvest was not available, the number of fish kept for trophies is shown. Where these latter data are followed by an "(R)", they are records of the actual creel census data and, as such, underestimate both the actual number of fish kept and the total number of fish killed.

2 Substantial differences are noted between the catch per unit effort data collected by creel census (1973-84) and that from the angler diary program (1987-90). Until the reasons for these differences are understood, these data should not be compared directly. The angler diary program data shown here differs slightly from that calculated by L. Anderson (unpubl. data). She did not consider the by-catch of directed angling (i.e. pike caught when fishing for trout) in her calculations. Consequently, her catch per unit of fishing effort was a few percentage points lower on the whole.

3 These data are based only on the lodge guests. They do not consider lodge employees or other who may have been fishing in the vicinity of a lodge. Data denoted with an "(R)" are based on the actual creel census records. They are not estimates of the total number of angler days. 4 Sources of information are referenced with the lodge to which they refer. Outfitters operating from communities or with moveable camps are not listed.

5 "NA" and dashes (-) indicate that data were not available. Table 5. Licences to take fish from the Sahtu Dene and Metis Settlement Area for scientific purposes issued by the Department of Fisheries and Oceans (DFO), Central and Arctic Region, to DFO (1990-94) and non-DFO (1985-94) researchers. Note: DFO did not begin issuing licences to their own fisheries programs until 1990.

LICENCE HOLDER AREA PURPOSE PERIO D

DFO RESEARCHERS

D.A. Metner Lac Belot and Collection of lake trout, lake whitefish, and burbot for heavy metal and other 1993 DFO, Winnipeg, MB Colville Lake analyses. (Muir et al. 1994)

R.F. Tallman Waters in the Collection of up to 200 inconnu using gillnets, and radio-tagging of 20 inconnu 1994 DFO, Winnipeg, MB vicinity of Norman to identify spawning sites and follow seasonal fish movements. Wells

B. Hunt Great Bear Lake Collection of fishes from Great Bear Lake. 1994 DFO, Yellowknife, NT

NON-DFO RESEARCHERS

R. Hagen Norman Wells Investigation of species of fin fish present in Hogan Lake, Bosworth Creek, and 1993 Renewable Resources, GNWT, Edie Lake. Norman Wells, NT

B. Humphrey Norman Wells area An assessment of freshwater impacts from the Norman Wells oilfield 1986 Seakem Oceanography, development (ESL and McCart 1986) Sidney, BC

J.D. Morgan Norman Wells area In situ bioassays of hydrocarbon inputs using burbot and Arctic grayling. 1985 EVS Consultants (Morgan et al. 1987) N. Vancouver, BC

R. Olmsted Fort Norman Fish sampling to monitor fall fish migrations. 1985 McLaren Plansearch Corp. Vancouver, BC

M. Prevost Norman Wells and Sampling of forage fish for chemical analysis. 1985 Inland Waters Directorate Sans Sault Rapids Regina, SK

C. Sikstrom Norman Wells area Capture of fish to analyse their tissue for light hydrocarbon contamination. 1985 Esso Resources, (Dawson 1985) Calgary, AB

G. Smith Fort Good Hope Capture of burbot for studies to determine whether their condition is related to 1985 Hatfield Consulting and Déline areas hydrocarbon exposure (Lockhart et al. 1989) W. Vancouver, BC Appendix 1. Fish species reported from the Mackenzie River drainage basin within the Sahtu Dene and Metis Settlement Area (Fig. 2).

MACKENZIE RIVER TRIBUTARIES

Great Bear River Tributaries Great Redstone Keele Big Smith Bear Little Bear Stewart Oscar Carcajou Mountain River River Creek River River Creek Creek River River Great Bear Porcupine St. Charles Brackett (1) (2) (3) (7) (8) (9) (10) (11) (12) Lake (A)4 River (4) Creek (5) River (6)

Arctic cisco --- - - P PP- -PPP (Coregonus autumnalis)

Arctic grayling P1 PP P P P PPP PPP P (Thymallus arcticus)

Arctic lamprey ------PP- -P- - (Lampetra japonica)

broad whitefish P------P- -PP - (Coregonus nasus)

burbot -P- P P - PPP PP- P (Lota lota)

chum salmon --- P ------(Onchorhynchus keta)

dolly varden2 PP - P3 ---P---PP (Salvelinus malma)

emerald shiner ------P- --- - (Notropis atherinoides)

flathead chub P------PP PPP P (Platygobio gracilis)

goldeye --- P - - -PP--P - (Hiodon alosoides)

inconnu --- P - P PP- PPPP (Stenodus leucichthys)

lake chub -PP P P P PPP PPP P (Couesius plumbeus)

lake cisco --- P P P PP- -P- P (Coregonus artedii)

lake trout --- P - - PP- P-P - (Salvelinus namaycush)

lake whitefish --- P - P PPPPPP- (Coregonus clupeaformis) MACKENZIE RIVER TRIBUTARIES

Great Bear River Tributaries Great Redstone Keele Big Smith Bear Little Bear Stewart Oscar Carcajou Mountain River River Creek River River Creek Creek River River Great Bear Porcupine St. Charles Brackett (1) (2) (3) (7) (8) (9) (10) (11) (12) Lake (A)4 River (4) Creek (5) River (6) Appendix 1. Continued.

least cisco ------PP- -P- - (Coregonus sardinella)

longnose dace --- - - P PPP-P- - (Rhinichthys cataractae)

longnose sucker (Catostomus PPP P - P PPP PPP P catostomus)

mountain whitefish PPP - - - PP- -P- P (Prosopium williamsoni)

ninespine stickleback --- P P - -P- P-PP (Pungitius pungitius)

northern pike -PP P P P PP- PPP P (Esox lucius)

northern redbelly dace ------P- - (Phoxinus eos)

pond smelt --- P ------P- - (Hypomesus olidus)

round whitefish -PP P P P PP- PP- P (Prosopium cylindraceum)

slimy sculpin PPP P P P PPP PPP P (Cottus cognatus)

spoonhead sculpin ------PPPP (Cottus ricei)

spottail shiner ------PP- P-- - (Notropis hudsonius)

trout perch --P P - P PPPPPPP (Percopsis omiscomaycus)

walleye --- P - - PP- PPPP (Stizostedion vitreum vitreum)

white sucker --P - - - PP- -P- P (Catastomus commersoni)

MACKENZIE RIVER TRIBUTARIES MACKENZIE RIVER MAINSTEM Hanna Donnelly Hume Ramparts Tsintu Hare Indian Loon Tieda Ontaratue (B) River River River River River River River River River (13) (14) (15) (16) (17) (18) (19) (20) (21)

Arctic cisco -P--- -P-- P (Coregonus autumnalis) Appendix 1. Continued.

MACKENZIE RIVER TRIBUTARIES MACKENZIE RIVER MAINSTEM Hanna Donnelly Hume Ramparts Tsintu Hare Indian Loon Tieda Ontaratue (B) River River River River River River River River River (13) (14) (15) (16) (17) (18) (19) (20) (21)

Arctic grayling PPPPPPPP- P (Thymallus arcticus)

Arctic lamprey -P------P (Lampetra japonica)

broad whitefish -PPP-PP-- P (Coregonus nasus)

burbot PPPP- PP-- P (Lota lota)

chum salmon ------P (Onchorhynchus keta)

dolly varden ------P (Salvelinus malma)

emerald shiner ------(Notropis atherinoides)

flathead chub PPPP- - --- P (Platygobio gracilis)

goldeye ------P (Hiodon alosoides)

inconnu PP-P- - --P P (Stenodus leucichthys)

lake chub PPPPPPPPP P (Couesius plumbeus)

lake cisco ------P (Coregonus artedii)

lake trout ------PP- P (Salvelinus namaycush)

lake whitefish PP-PPPPP- P (Coregonus clupeaformis)

least cisco -----PPP- P (Coregonus sardinella)

longnose dace -----PP-- P (Rhinichthys cataractae) Appendix 1. Continued.

MACKENZIE RIVER TRIBUTARIES MACKENZIE RIVER MAINSTEM Hanna Donnelly Hume Ramparts Tsintu Hare Indian Loon Tieda Ontaratue (B) River River River River River River River River River (13) (14) (15) (16) (17) (18) (19) (20) (21)

longnose sucker PPPPPPPPP P (Catostomus catostomus)

mountain whitefish (Prosopium ------P williamsoni)

ninespine stickleback (Pungitius -P--- -PP- P pungitius)

northern pike PPPPPPPPP P (Esox lucius)

northern redbelly dace ------P (Phoxinus eos)

pond smelt ------P (Hypomesus olidus)

round whitefish PPP-- PPP- P (Prosopium cylindraceum)

slimy sculpin PPPPPPP-P P (Cottus cognatus)

spoonhead sculpin ---P-P--- P (Cottus ricei)

spottail shiner -----P--- P (Notropis hudsonius)

trout perch PPPP- P--P P (Percopsis omiscomaycus)

walleye PP-PPP--P P (Stizostedion vitreum vitreum)

white sucker P-PP-P--P P (Catastomus commersoni)

* See following page for footnotes and references. Appendix 1. Continued.

1 "P" indicates that a fish species has been reported to occur in a particular river drainage or lake.

2 Fish identified as Arctic charr (Salvelinus alpinus) are included here as Dolly Varden (Salvelinus malma). There is confusion in the literature with respect to the separation of these species and many of the identifications have been tentative. Recent genetic studies by Reist et al. (1996) suggest that, with few exceptions, fish in this drainage basin are Dolly Varden. 3 Individual male Arctic charr (Salvelinus alpinus) and sockeye salmon (Onchorhynchus nerka) in spawning condition were sent to DFO from Great Bear Lake, but no further catch data are available (J. Reist, pers. comm.) 4 Deepwater sculpin (Myoxocephalus quadricornis thompsoni) have also been reported from Great Bear Lake (McPhail and Lindsey 1970).

REFERENCES:

1) Redstone River: Hatfield et al. 1972; Dryden et al. 1973; Jessop et al. 1974; 2) Keele River: Hatfield et al. 1972; Dryden et al. 1973; Stein et al. 1973; Jessop et al. 1974; 3) Big Smith Creek: Hatfield et al. 1972; Shotton 1973; Stein et al. 1973; McCart et al. 1974; Slaney and Co. Ltd. 1974; A) GREAT BEAR LAKE: Miller 1947; McPhail and Lindsey 1970; Scott and Crossman 1973; Johnson 1975c; Lee et al. 1980; J. Reist, pers. comm.; 4) Porcupine River: Hatfield et al. 1972; Dryden et al. 1973; Chang-Kue and Cameron 1980 5) St. Charles River: Hatfield et al. 1972; Dryden et al. 1973; Chang-Kue and Cameron 1980 6) Brackett River: Hatfield et al. 1972; Dryden et al. 1973; Shotton 1973; Chang-Kue and Cameron 1980 7) Great Bear River: Hatfield et al. 1972; Dryden et al. 1973; Lombard North Grp. Ltd. 1973; Shotten 1973; Stein et al. 1973; McCart et al. 1974; Jessop and Lilley 1975; Chang-Kue and Cameron 1980; McCart 1982; 8) Little Bear River: Hatfield et al. 1972; Dryden et al. 1973; Stein et al. 1973; 9) Stewart Creek: Hatfield et al. 1972; Stein et al. 1973; Jessop et al. 1974; Jessop and Lilley 1975; 10) Oscar Creek: Hatfield et al. 1972; Dryden et al. 1973; Lombard North Grp. Ltd. 1973; Shotton 1973; Stein et al. 1973; McCart et al. 1974; Jessop et al. 1974; 11) Carcajou River: Wynne-Edwards 1947; Hatfield et al. 1972; Dryden et al. 1973; Stein et al. 1973; Jessop and Lilley 1975; 12) Mountain River: Hatfield et al. 1972; Dryden et al. 1973; Stein et al. 1973; Jessop et al. 1974; 13) Hanna River: Hatfield et al. 1972; Lombard North Grp. Ltd. 1973; Shotton 1973; McCart et al. 1974; 14) Donnelly River: Hatfield et al. 1972; Lombard North Grp. Ltd. 1973; Tripp and McCart 1974; Stein et al. 1973; McCart et al. 1974; 15) Hume River: Hatfield et al. 1972; Dryden et al. 1973; Shotton 1971, 1973; Stein et al. 1973; Jessop et al. 1974; 16) Ramparts River: Hatfield et al. 1972; Dryden et al. 1973; Shotton 1971, 1973; Stein et al. 1973; 17) Tsintu River: Dryden et al. 1973; Shotton 1973; 18) Hare Indian R.: Hatfield et al. 1972; Dryden et al. 1973; Lombard North Grp. Ltd. 1973; Shotton 1973; Stein et al. 1973; Schultz International Ltd. 1974; Jessop and Lilley 1975; Lilley 1975; Sutherland and Gohlke 1978. 19) Loon River: Hatfield et al. 1972; Dryden et al. 1973; Shotton 1973; McCart et al. 1974; Schultz International Ltd. 1974; Reist 1987; 20) Tieda River: Hatfield et al. 1972; Dryden et al. 1973; Shotton 1973; Stein et al. 1973; McCart et al. 1974; Schultz International Ltd. 1974; Reist 1987; 21) Ontaratue River: Hatfield et al. 1972; B) MACKENZIE RIVER: Hatfield et al. 1972; Stein et al. 1973; Chang-Kue and Cameron 1980; Envirocon Ltd. 1981;