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Carlingford Town Walls Conservation and Management Plan

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Carlingford Town Walls Conservation and Management Plan Oxford Archaeology Oxford Archaeology is the largest archaeological practice in Britain, with bases in Oxford (formerly Oxford Archaeological Unit) and Lancaster (Oxford Archaeology North). Formed in 1973 from an amalgamation of local archaeological committees, the Oxford Archaeological Unit was a pioneer in contracting archaeology throughout England, and has recently undertaken major field projects in France and Turkey, and consultancy work in a number of countries, including Ireland. The work of Oxford Archaeology comprises the full range of field survey, prospection, and excavation, heritage management, buildings and industrial archaeology. Oxford Archaeology t: (44) 1865 263800 Janus House, f: (44) 1865 793496 Osney Mead, e: [email protected] OXFORD OX2 0ES w: www.oxfordarch.co.uk Oxford Archaeology North t: (44) 01524 541000 Mill3, Moor Lane Mills, f: (44) 01524 848606 Moor Lane, LANCASTER LA1 1GF e:[email protected] w: www.oxfordarch.co.uk CONTENTS Gazetteer Contents Context and setting 28 1. Introduction 4 1.01 Overall Setting and Visual Context 29 1.1 Background and Purpose 4-5 1.02 Boundaries and Designations 30 1.2 Basis and Structure 5 1.03 Carlingford Castle 31-32 1.04 Taaffe’s Castle 33-35 PART I: SIGNIFICANCE 6 1.05 The Mint 36-37 2. Understanding the Monument 6 1.06 Historic houses 38 2.1 Introduction and Scope 6 1.07 Holy Trinity Church 39-40 2.2 Sources and Previous Research 6 1.08 Dominican Friary 41-42 1.09 The Water Mill 43 3. Historical Overview 7 3.1 Setting and Context 7 Town Walls 3.2 Historical Development 8 2.01 Site of North Gate (Newry Street) 44 3.3 Key Development Phases 9-12 2.02 Line of North Wall 45 2.03 Western Wall: North End 46-47 4. Site Description 13 2.04 Western Wall: North of Spout Gate 48-49 4.1 Setting and Context 13 2.05 Site of Spout Gate (River Lane) B37 50 4.2 The Medieval Town: 2.06 Western Wall: South of Spout Gate 51 Topography and Buildings 13-14 2.07 Possible line (Northern) of South Wall 52 4.3 The Medieval Town: 2.08 South-West Wall 53-54 Archaeological Overview 15-17 2.09 Line of Friary Walls 55 2.10 Churchyard Wall 56-57 5. Assessment of Significance 18 2.11 The Tholsel 58-59 5.1 Levels of Significance 18 2.12 Line of South-East Wall 60 5.2 Statement of Overall Significance 18-19 2.13 Sea-Shore Defences 61-62 5.3 Key Periods of Significance 19 5.4 Key Elements of Significance 19 APPENDICES Appendix A Bibliography and sources 63-65 PART II: ISSUES AND POLICIES 20 Appendix B Archaeological Work/Events 66-75 6. Conservation Policy Aims 20 7. Issues, Opportunities, and Policies 21 7.1 Aims and Approaches 21 7.2 Understanding 21 7.3 Protection 21-22 7.4 Conservation 23 7.5 Enhancement Opportunities 24 7.6 Visitor Issues 25 Part III: Future Management 26 8. Management Plan 26 8.1 Introduction 26 8.2 Responsibility for the Site 26 8.3 Aims and Objectives 26 8.4 Works Programme 27 8.5 Research Agenda 27 8.6 Review 27 CArlingfOrD Historic Town WAllS - Conservation & Management Pl an Oxford Archaeology Louth County Council 1.0 Introduction 1.1 BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Louth County Council, in partnership with the Heritage portance, remains of the defences are a less obvious Council through the Irish Walled Towns Network (IWTN) aspect of the town. The re-assessment of walled towns , has commissioned a Conservation and Management is an important part of their historical understanding Plan for the monument and site of Carlingford Historic and interpretation, and must play an important part in Town Walls. This monument includes the walls and all economic development, tourism and local educational other defences surviving above and below the ground projects. A plan for the historic defences of Carling- surface, including other adjacent medieval structures ford represents an interesting opportunity to address in and around the town walls. Consideration is given a number of issues in relation to the understanding, to the town as a whole, and both its landscape and conservation and presentation of a key aspect of the regional setting. medieval town. Louth County Council and the Heritage Council (admin- Designations istrator of the Irish Walled Towns Network) are currently The town of Carlingford is on the Record of Monuments and in a position to co-ordinate the planning for the future Places, and is protected under the National Monuments conservation and management of Carlingford Town Walls. Act (1930-2004). Individual buildings are protected as This is to be undertaken in a planned and systematic way National Monuments and/or Protected Structures (under and in accordance with recognised international best the Planning and Development Act, 2000). Carlingford practice, hence the necessity for the overall framework Castle is a National Monument in State care. of a Conservation and Management Plan. Louth County Council’s County Development Plan The conservation and management project is being 2003-9 (as emended July 2006) includes policies on undertaken in close collaboration between Louth the Built Environment [§2.5], with designated areas of County Council and the Heritage Council, with Oxford Special Archaeological Interest that include Carlingford Archaeology (OA) developing the plan to the require- [AR3]. Protected Structures are noted in Appendix ments of the two councils. 3, and include the major monuments in Carlingford, . while it is noted that the full county inventory has not The primary objectives of the Conservation and Manage- yet been completed. Architectural Conservation Areas ment Plan, as specified in the brief, are to significantly nominated in the plan include Carlingford (maps in improve the local understanding and awareness of the Appendix 2). Policies for protection of archaeology monument and its significance, promote the recogni- and built heritage are given at P2.9, and Development tion and protection of the monument (at both a local Guidelines for Carlingford are given in Appendix 2.5. and international level), put in place an effective con- servation and management scheme for the monument, The Development Plan also gives extensive care to the give guidance and prioritisation for repairs/works and natural environment [§2.4]. Natural Heritage Areas noted conservation of the monument, inform any planning re- for designation by the National Parks and Wildlife Service quirements and put forward any relevant recommenda- include Carlingford Lough [NH452] and Carlingford tions in relation to an improvement in the presentation Mountains [NH453]. Special Areas of Conservation of the monument in the short, medium and long term. (SACs) have been established under the EC Habitats Directive (1992) to conserve habitats and species of Eu- Carlingford ropean significance, and these include Carlingford Lough Carlingford, as a port town in Uriel (Louth) is of inter- and Carlingford Mountain. Special Protection Areas est for its earlier medieval prominence as part of the (SPAs) under the EC Birds Directive (1979) have been de Lacy inheritance, and its re-establishment in the nominated, including Carlingford Lough (452). Important 16th century as a parliamentary corporation. While it sites of geological interest nominated for designation as has several medieval monuments of interest and im- Natural Heritage Areas include Carlingford [G9]. CArlingfOrD Historic Town WAllS - Conservation & Management Pl an 4 Oxford Archaeology Louth County Council The Carlingford Local Area Plan (September 2002) also historical mapping and national documents. The data can includes important assessments, policies and development then be disseminated in a manageable form. guidelines, and shows the extent of the central Conserva- tion Area and surrounding Green Belt. 1.2 BASIS AND STRUCTURE of This plan Background to Conservation Plans Issues and Threats The underlying principles of the plan are derived from The The history, development and archaeological potential of Conservation Plan (James Semple Kerr, 1996). It also Carlingford are not fully understood at present. The surviv- takes into account the series of international charters sum- ing elements are fragile, and subject to diminution from marised in the Guide to International Conservation Charters continuing development near to the line of the Walls. A (Historic Scotland, 1997), the principal ones being: site of this nature naturally raises questions of public ac- • International Charter for the Conservation and Restora- cess and presentation, and the impact of increased visitor tion of Monuments and Sites (The Venice Charter 1964) access. • UNESCO Recommendations, (1976) • Congress on European Architectural Heritage (Council The Conservation Plan of Europe, 1975) This Conservation Plan has been written in order to: • Valetta Convention on the Protection of the Archaeologi- • Describe the site and explain its setting, its current cal Heritage January 1992 (European Treaty Series 143) protected status and its historical context, with a Gazetteer • Australia ICOMOS Charter for Places of Cultural Signifi- of the elements that make up the site; cance (referred to as the Burra Charter November 1999). • Assess the significance of the remains, their landscape Guidance has also been sought from sources such as and ecological context; Commissioning a Conservation Plan (English Heritage, • Assess the vulnerability of the site; and 1998) and in Conservation Plans for Historic Places • Provide policies and actions to protect that significance. (Heritage Lottery Fund, 1998), Conservation Management Plans (HLF 2005) and Informed Conservation (Kate Clark, Policies for the site will aid the following: English Heritage, 2001), as well as through other Conser- • The protection and conservation of the standing remains vation Plans produced by the Heritage Council of Ireland. and buried features and views within and without; • The conservation of the entire site and its wider land- Structure of the Conservation & Management plan scape, through sympathetic management of land usage This Conservation Plan follows a four-part structure: and visitor access; Part I — Significance [Sections 2 - 5] summarises the • The archaeological and research potential of the site; evidence for the monument and its historical development.
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