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Vol. XXII, No. 2 Spring 2006 CC Alumna Cynthia Chavez Named Museum Director at Indian Pueblo Cultural Center

In January 2006, Cynthia L. Chavez building complex.This corporation manages the commercial (CC ’92) assumed the museum director- components of the Center, which include the Pueblo Smoke ship of the Indian Pueblo Cultural Center Shop, Pueblo Harvest Café, Pueblo Gift Shop, banquet and (IPCC) in Alburquerque, . facilities rentals, and the new Four Winds Travel Center. Chavez comes from a San Felipe Pueblo, The two organizations work in tandem to provide economic , Tewa and Navajo background. development opportunities for Pueblo artisans and other She holds an M.A. in American Indian community members. Studies from the University of California-Los Angeles and Spring 2006 a Ph.D. in American Studies from the University of New Upcoming Events and Exhibits at the IPCC Mexico. She brings to the position her previous experience as “Saints of the Pueblos” will run at the IPCC museum from an intern and curator at the Smithsonian’s April 1-September 29, 2006. The exhibit

National Museum of the American Indian IPCC features the work of prize-winning santero Continued from page 6 (NMAI) in Washington, D.C. As the new Charles Carrillo. Each of New Mexico’s 19 director, Chavez is working to improve pueblos and four abandoned pueblos are Southwest Reading visitors’ experiences at the IPCC. She shown in a retablo. The patron saint of each eventually hopes to increase the staff so pueblo is depicted in pottery style. subjective truth. Bingham studies the rancher from the outside, Summers are dedicated to work. He spends hours while Galvin explores him from the inside. How the reader fabricating parts for his 1959 Studebaker and his 1923 Farmall that the IPCC can expand its educational In honor of the 30-year anniversary of balances fact and fiction, imagination and autobiography is not tractor. He forges the parts by hand because he can’t buy them programming, events, and exhibits. the IPCC’s founding this August, a small as important as the emotional impact of the story, whatever its any more. But he does everything by hand, the hard way, The IPCC opened in its current exhibit is planned that will showcase the combination of narrative elements. because he feels the pieces fit together better that way. Work location in August of 1976, and is owned materials that went into the planning and The Meadow is composed of a group of stories and character for Lyle is a ritual to be performed with reverence. He built and operated by the 19 Pueblos of New building of the Center. A fall 2006 exhibit studies revolving around Lyle’s life and the experiences of his last barn with a handsaw and double-bitted axe. He fitted Mexico. Today, the IPCC receives nearly will later feature the pottery and photography his friends and neighbors. Their stories are strung together “the corners, plumb and square, rolling the logs back again and 200,000 visitors per year. A permanent of Santa Clara Pueblo artist Jason Garcia. loosely by the barbed wire of death, friendship, and common again to trim to a finer fit....He trimmed pegs out of lodgepole occupation. It is in Lyle’s response to the world around him sticks with the axe, and filled the walls so full of pegs it looked museum exhibition presents the history In February of 2007, the IPCC will and his work that we know him best. He doesn’t romanticize like a jail in some places. He went to one-inch pegs to fasten and artifacts of the Pueblo people, while host a traveling exhibit from the NMAI nature–he accepts it. When he lights his lamp in the kitchen down the hand-hewn rafters.” Years later, after Lyle had died, exhibit galleries showcase the innovative on American Indian veterans. This will be in the morning, birds gather at his window: “Lyle says, ‘What Galvin went back to that barn.“I can walk into that barn today works of contemporary Pueblo artists. NMAI’s first attempt at staging traveling kept you?’The sparrow hops onto the windowsill as a chickadee and look up into the massive vaults of rafters, cross beams, The Pueblo House Children’s Museum exhibits at tribal venues. lights and begins bouncing up and down on the juniper branch struts, and remember. I can look around and know one thing (currently open by appointment only) A weekend dance performance at the Native dancing and artist demonstra- just left by the other.‘And you, you cheerful little sonofabitch, at least is for damn sure there.” IPCC: Red Tail Hawk from Zuni Pueblo you don’t waste no time either, do you?’” After he’d finishedThe Last Ranch, Bingham re-visited the provides class tours for grades K-5 that tions are scheduled for most weekends, and His response to the coyotes that roam the ranch is most Whitten ranch. He was so discouraged by what he found that he offer a hands-on introduction to Pueblo history and . the Center also hosts an array of public events, including film illustrative of his view of the world and his place in it. Lyle admits in the“Epilogue” to the book that he wasn’t sure he wanted The Institute for Pueblo Indian Studies, also on the premises, screenings, music and readings by Native American perform- watches a young coyote hunting in the meadow: “‘You fell to publish it. Donnie had left Karen and their kids and run off to maintains the Pueblo Indian Archives and Research Library, a ers, and scholarly lectures. through the ice and got drenched just to catch some goddamn Florida with a new wife. The other ranchers were still wrangling superb collection of photographs, books, and tapes pertaining The IPCC is located at 2401 12th St. NW in Albuquerque. disgusting muskrat that you are going to eat raw while you amongthemselves about holistic land management, and not much to New Mexico’s Pueblos. A collection of photographs on loan For more information about upcoming events, as well as hours was being done. After Lyle died a Denver businessman bought shiver yourself dry, and you think that’s something to be proud from the Smithsonian Institution offers an impressive look at and admission fees, call (505) 843-7270 or 1-800-766-4405 of. Well here’s to you, you puffed up little bastard. You can have the meadow to use as a fishing retreat. Thanks to Bingham we at it. You’re a fool to survive if that’s all your life is for. But I’ll say least know how a family ranch was destroyed.Thanks to Galvin’s Pueblo life between 1880 and 1910.The Archives are available (outside of New Mexico). Information about the IPCC and one thing for you. You’re tougher than a pine knot, by God. book we can remember how much was lost. to students and other researchers. the 19 Pueblos of New Mexico may also be found online at There’s no denying you are tough little hombre.’” Of course, —Joe Gordon, Professor Emeritus of English and former The non-profit Cultural Center has a for-profit sister www.indianpueblo.org. this a perfect description of Lyle himself. director of the Hulbert Center for Southwest Studies corporation, Indian Pueblos Marketing, housed in the same —R.B. From the Director Southwest Calendar

Anne Hyde, Professor of History Events As I’m writing this, it is Native her language and sociology skills to interview residents and May 1-31 Taos: Taos Spring Arts Festival, several locations, July 25 : Santiago Feast Day, Corn Dance, American Heritage Week, a week of to develop some ownership and use maps of the community. 800-732-8267. 505-758-9593 or 505-758-1028. May 20 Taos: 4th Annual Folk Life Festival, Millicent Rogers July 26-30 Gallup: 85th Annual Gallup Inter-tribal Indian Suzi Nishida speakers, exhibits, demonstrations, and Marisela Chavez, a sophomore math major from Taos, will Museum, 505-758-2462. Ceremonial, Red Rock State Park Convention Center, general awareness-raising about native use her GIS and statistical analysis skills to assist the Taos May 20-21 Morrison, Colorado: 6th Annual Tesoro Foundation 888-685-2564. students on campus and native affairs County Economic Development Corporation, theTaos Land Indian Market and Powwow, 303-839-1671. July 28-30 Zuni Pueblo: Annual Arts and Cultural Expo, May 27-28 Jémez Pueblo: Red Rocks Arts and Crafts Show, 505-782-7238. nationally and internationally. Our Trust, and the Acequia Association. She will map a single 505-834-0103. July 29-30 Santa Fe: 55th Annual Spanish Market, Spanish Colonial Native American Student Union (NASU) important acequia (a communally-owned irrigation ditch) as May 27-28 Prescott: 32nd Annual Phippen Museum Western Art Arts Society, Santa Fe Plaza, 505-982-2226, and 20th has been putting this on for fifteen years a pilot project to assess land and water use patterns and the Show, Phippen Museum, Courthouse Plaza, 928-778-1385. Annual Contemporary Market, Santa Fe Plaza, th economic significance of the acequias to local people.Emma June 2-4 Oklahoma City: 20 Annual Red Earth Native 505-983-2640. and it has made a huge difference on American Festival, Cox Convention Center, 405-427-5228. August 4 Santo Domingo Pueblo: Annual Feast Day, campus. Speakers like Joseph Hesbrook, Gamelsky, a junior from Albuquerque, will be the research June 3 Tesuque Pueblo: Blessing of the Fields, Corn Dance, Corn Dance, 505-465-2214. tribal liaison for FEMA and Lakota, and Kenny Frost, Ute Sun guru for two organizations working to protect traditional land 505-983-2667 or 505-455-2467. August 4-6 Las Golondrinas: Summer Festival/Frontier Market, Dance chief and tribal consultant, remind us of the cultural use and small farmers in northern New Mexico. She spent last June 3-4 Las Golondrinas: Spring Festival and Animal Fair, 505-471-2261. 505-471-2261. August 5 Colorado Springs: Lecture and booksigning by Mark richness our region offers. Understanding that there are many semester working with community groups in the Chicago June 8 Dolores, Colorado: Lecture by Linda Cordell, L. Gardner, “Reconnaissance for Manifest Destiny: ways to see the world and to live in it, developing empathy in Urban Studies program and brings to her project community “Cliff Dwellings and Uppity Women—Mesa Verde The Southwestern Journals of Zebulon Pike,” other words, might be the highest goal of a liberal education. organizing and archival research experience. Katie Rosing, a National Park and the Antiquities Act Turn 100,” Colorado Springs Pioneers Museum, 385-5990, 2 p.m., Anasazi Heritage Center, 7 p.m., 970-882-5600. reservations encouraged. The Southwest can be seen as more than a set of natural junior from Colorado Springs and Timnath, Colorado, has June 10-11 Picurís Pueblo: Weekend High Country Arts August 9 Picurís Pueblo: San Lorenzo Sunset Dances, resources, tourist destinations, climate zones, and watersheds. developed her own major in sustainable agriculture. She will and Crafts Festival, 505-587-2519. 505-587-2519. For many people, as Kenny Frost reminded us, it is also sacred be using her biological and policy expertise working for the June 10-11 Albuquerque: Indian Pueblo Cultural Center Summer August 10 Acoma (Acomíta) Pueblo: San Lorenzo Feast Day, Arts and Crafts Fair, 505-843-7270 or 1-800-766-4405. 505-552-6604; Picurís Pueblo: Ceremonial Races, Foot space with a history that reaches back thousands of years. Rio Grande Policy Council. Katie will conduct research to June 23-25 Albuquerque: 45th Annual New Mexico Arts & Pole Climb, and Dances, 505-587-2519. Learning to see the marks of the sacred on the landscape and support proposals for new policies to help small farmers get Crafts Fair, Expo New Mexico, 505-884-9043. August 12 Santa Clara Pueblo: Annual Feast Day, Buffalo, figuring out how to protect and honor them is an important their fair share of federal dollars from the U.S. Department June 24 San Juan Pueblo: Annual Feast Day, Buffalo, Harvest or Corn Dance, 505-753-7330. and Comanche Dances, 505-852-4400; Taos Pueblo: August 12-13 Las Golondrinas: Celebrating New Mexico Music & tool for living in the region. of Agriculture. San Juan Day, Corn Dance, 505-758-1028. Dance, 505-471-2261. Another important knowledge and empathy building Colorado College has a long history of doing this kind of June 29 Santa Ana Pueblo: Saint Peter’s Feast Day, Corn Dance, August 15 Laguna Pueblo: The Assumption of Our Blessed project is our Southwest Studies Regional Research Initiative. work. Marianne Stoller, Professor Emerita of Anthropology, 505-867-3301. Mother’s Feast Day, Harvest and various dances, July 7-9 Taos Pueblo: 21st Annual Intertribal Powwow, 505-552-6654; Zía Pueblo: Zía Pueblo Feast Day, We are sending four student research fellows to initiate and stands as a shining example of doing research that matters. Her 505-758-9593 or 505-758-1028. Corn Dance, 505-867-3304. complete significant research projects in Albuquerque and article in this edition of la Tertulia describes just a bit of her 30 July 8-9 Santa Fe: International Folk Art Market, Milner Plaza/ August 19-20 Santa Fe: 85th Annual Indian Market, Southwest Taos over the summer of 2006. We’ve chosen four talented years of pro bono work for the people of San Luis, Colorado. Museum Hill, 505-476-1166. Association for Indian Arts, Santa Fe Plaza, 505-983-5220. Her tireless research into legal history and her ethnographic July 9 Dolores, Colorado: Lecture by Rina Swentzell, August 24-27 Zuni Pueblo: Annual Zuni Tribal Fair, 505-782-7238. and ambitious young women to undertake this work, and the “Colorado, An Ancestral Puebloan Homeland,” August 26-27 Las Golondrinas: Food, Art & Adobe: Uniquely reports they bring back to campus about people and places in work to document how people used their land and water Anasazi Heritage Center, 2 p.m., 970-882-5600. New Mexico, 505-471-2261. the Southwest will change our campus as well. enabled them to battle in court, and, finally, to win a landmark July 14 Cochití Pueblo: Saint Bonaventure Feast Day, September 2 Old Acoma Pueblo: Annual Feast Day, Harvest Lauren Bogard, a junior from Denver, will be working case that will reverberate across the Southwest for a long time. Corn Dance, 505-465-2244. Dance, 505-552-6604. July 14-16 Dulce: Jicarilla Apache Little Beaver Roundup and September 4 Isleta Pueblo: Saint Augustine’s Feast Day, with the South Valley Partnership for Environmental Justice The victory in the Taylor Ranch case has allowed the people Rodeo, various dances, 505-759-3663 or 505-759-3242. Harvest Dance, 505-869-3111. in Albuquerque. This a consortium of the University of New of San Luis to regain the rights to graze their sheep and cattle, July 15-16 San Juan Pueblo: Eight Northern Indian Pueblos September 8 Santa Fe: Santa Fe Fiesta, 505-988-7575. Mexico, various community groups, and Bernalillo County, to gather firewood, and to use water, rights guaranteed under Annual Arts & Crafts Show, Eight Northern Indian September 8-12 Window Rock: 60th Annual Navajo Nations Fair, Pueblos Council, 505-747-1593. 928-871-6436. working on the challenges of industrial pollution and suburban Spanish, Mexican, and United States law, under the Treaty of sprawl in a part of Albuquerque that was settled and farmed Guadalupe Hidalgo.This decision, largely because of Professor Exhibits long before New Mexico was part of the U.S. She’ll be using Stoller’s work, will challenge land law and ownership practices Arizona Albuquerque, New Mexico State University Museum, 505-646-3739, Pottery all over the region. CC students and faculty are lucky to have Phoenix, Heard Museum, 602-252-8848, Loloma: Beauty in Hopi Jewelry from the Americas, prehistoric and historical pottery. This permanent scholars like Marianne Stoller who model the power of research (through May 31). exhibit includes 600 pottery vessels that reflect the vibrant artistry and beauty of Southwestern and Mesoamerican ceramics (through December in the service of community needs. Prescott, Phippen Art Museum, 928-778-1385, Home Range Humor: Maria Varela Maria 31, 2020). Cartoon Art of the American West (through September 10). Santa Fe, Georgia O’Keeffe Museum, 505-946-1017, A Place of Her Own, Colorado two decades after Georgia O’Keeffe’s death, her estate finds a permanent Denver, Denver Art Museum, 720-865-5000, Building Outside the Box: home at this museum. This unparalleled gift includes never before seen Creating the New Denver Art Museum, this exhibition offers visitors an . opportunity to learn about the construction of the Frederic C. Hamilton Santa Fe, Museum of Fine Arts, 505-476-5062, Gustave Baumann: A Santa Building expansion (through summer);Wheel , an outdoor circular sculpture Fe Legend and Georgia O’Keeffe’s Legacy in New Mexico, permanent that chronicles American Indian History in Colorado. Newsletter of the Hulbert Center for Southwest Studies exhibits in mini-galleries at the museum. of The Colorado College Dolores, Colorado Anasazi Heritage Center, 970-882-5600, Archaeology Taos, Taos Art Museum, 505-758-0685, The Stark Legacy, more than 20 Grows Up: 1906-2006 (through April 1, 2007); Block Prints by Everett paintings by the six founding members of the famedTaos Society of Artists, Co-editors: Ronda Brulotte Ruess (through September 4). on loan from the Texas-based Stark Museum of Art (through July 23). Kathy Kaylan New Mexico Taos, , 505-758-2462, Best of the Southwest, www.ColoradoCollege.edu/Dept/SW/ Albuquerque, National Hispanic Cultural Center, 505-246-2261, The Celebrating 50 Years at the Millicent Rogers Museum (through March 25, 2007). The Colorado College does not discriminate on the basis of race, color, age, religion, FEMSA Collection, A Continental Vision, special emphasis on Mexico, Summer Research Fellows. Left to right: Emma Gamelsky, sex, natural origin, sexual orientation or physical handicap in its education program, the exhibition features 60 modern and contemporary works of art dating Taos,The , 505-758-9826, Mike Vargas: Santos on Marisela Chavez, Lauren Bogard, Katie Rosing activities or employment policies. from 1914-2004 by 57 Latin American artists (through August 13). Paper (June 2—September 2). 2 7 Southwest Reading: Ranching in the Rockies Native American Student Union Celebrates 15th Annual Heritage Week The Last Ranch: A Colorado Community and the Coming Desert, Sam Bingham. Harcourt Brace, 1997 The Meadow, James Galvin. Henry Holt and Company, 1992 The Colorado College Native American Student Union th The family ranch is an enduring named Allan Savory who apparently had developed a [land] (NASU) celebrated its 15 Annual Heritage Week March 27- icon of the American West. Ranchers management technique that would allow you to double your 31, 2006. For NASU, this is a time of the year when Native Suzi Nishida are eulogized in fact, fiction, and film herd without wrecking your land.” Later Savory visited the American students can share their cultural heritage and talk for their ingenuity and endurance. valley, and the brothers heard for the first time about something about things that affect them both within the Colorado They possess all the characteristics Savory called “Holistic Resource Management.” College community and the Colorado Springs community of the cowboy, especially the love of Savory was from Africa and a non-traditional, controversial independence and horsemanship; but personality. Wild animals in Africa, he explained, foraged in at large. This year NASU organized several different events ranchers are not viewed as being foot- much the same way as the domestic animals in the valley, around topics that students wanted to address. These loose-and-fancy-free in the same way but they kept moving, and as they moved they aerated the included American Indian identity, the history of native cowboys are. After all, ranchers own the pasture with their stomping. All cattlemen know about people (both from general and tribally specific perspectives), stock and the land, and are responsible rotating stock to rest pasture. This, Savory argued, works in teaching native art, and educating the public about current for their welfare. They can’t just ride off wet, humid climates, on what he calls “non-brittle” land. But Native American issues. With a lot of coordination and help, into the sunset, as does the cowboy at the end of the cattle on land like the Whitten’s ranch, just the opposite is true: drive. Ranchers are more than horsemen or horsewomen; they “On brittle land, rest led to stagnation, and salvation came in Heritage Week achieved all of these goals. are mechanics, business people, land speculators, builders, and the form of animals that would chew up the forage, shit on most of all worriers. Few occupations demand so many skills the remains, and trample down anything too brittle to eat.” and such hard, unrelenting work. This concept seemed counter-intuitive to the ranchers of the Suzi Nishida Katie Rosing demonstrates Two remarkable books published in the 1990s follow the valley. Desperate, theWhitten brothers adopted Savory’s ideas. weaving techniques daily lives of two Colorado ranch families and their neighbors. The Last Ranch describes their struggle to implement holistic Their ranches are situated on the fringes of arable land. The resource management, and more dramatically their efforts to talked briefly about the history of the Ute tribe as well as the Whitten’s place is at the edge of the advancing desert in the get their neighbors to try something new. significance and differences of Ute scared sites. Along with north end of the San Luis Valley in southern Colorado; the Van Bingham writes well; his descriptions of the land and the Frost’s talk,Thrane displayed the photographs he took while Waning place is in Sheep Creek in the mountains at the border ranchers are detailed and evocative. He knows how to tell a doing his research. of northern Colorado and Wyoming. Living on the margins, story, and if the subject matter of the book necessitates pages we learn, allows little room for error and any miscalculation about the sometimes arcane world of agronomy, government On Wednesday, March 29, Eddie Sherman, a Colorado leads to disaster. land management policy, and other complex issues of land College and NASU alum (’02) spoke about the North Sam Bingham, author of The Last Ranch, is an science, he presents it as a story unraveling before the reader, American Indigenous Games (NAIG), for which he serves as an environmental consultant and writer deeply concerned by the as the drama of people interacting with the land, new ideas, events coordinator. Sherman, a member of the Navajo Nation, global problem of desertification, a remorseless phenomenon interlopers who want to steal their water, and each other. addressed the ways in which NAIG rebuilds cultural ties and he has studied in Africa and the American Southwest. In 1992, James Galvin’sThe Meadow opens quietly.We watch an continues Native sport traditions in Canada and the U.S. This the year James Galvin publishedThe Meadow, Bingham spent old man sitting alone in his kitchen by his wood stove drinking a year with the Whitten family at their ranch in the San Luis the day’s first cup of coffee. His mother, two brothers, and a year’s games will be held July 2-9 in Denver, Colorado. Valley. Saguache, Colorado, he writes,“is as good a place as any sister, who committed suicide, are all dead. He looks out the The Two Spirit Society to start saving the world, not that Donnie and Karen Whitten window at the meadow. Like the old house he’s lived in for fifty Keynote speaker Joseph Hesbrook with of Denver was also invited daughter Alex Hesbrook would express it that way. To raise cattle, sheep, and their years, the narrator tells us:“He weathered. Before a backdrop Suzi Nishida to present as part of Heritage children named Clint, Nathan, and Sarah there is vocation of natural beauty, he lived a life from which everything was Dr. Joseph Hesbrook, tribal liaison to FEMA and Lakota, Week. On Thursday, March enough, but maybe it’s the same thing.” taken but a place. He lived so close to the real world it almost spoke on Monday, March 27. Hesbrook’s talk, “From Tepee 30, representatives from The desertification Bingham observed in other parts of let him in. By the end he had nothing, as if loss were a fire in the world is happening on the Whitten ranch. Donnie’s family which he was purified again and again, until he wasn’t a ghost to D.C.: Indian 101,” covered the history of the legal status the group talked about the settled the land almost one hundred years before he was born. anymore.” and cultural characteristics of Plains Indians. Hesbrook, who history of the Two Spirit With each generation the land was divided among the kids. The old rancher is Lyle Van Waning, the last of four is also the father of NASU secretary Alex Hesbrook (’08), tradition and restoring the Smaller parcels of land meant more cattle had to graze smaller ranchers to have owned the meadow.The Sheep Creek Ranch talked about land rights and the differences between Western spiritual role once occupied plots to provide a living for the expanding families. Lack of is situated in the mountains on the Colorado-Wyoming and Plains Indian ways of thinking about land and accessing by gay, lesbian, bisexual and water was another problem. On average, the semi-arid north border. Unlike the Whittens’ problem, Lyle’s problem is not resources. transgenderedpeople within end of the valley receives about 15-18 inches of precipitation a desertification but isolation, he is Eddie Sherman, Events year.The carrying capacity of the land is being stretched to the snowed in six months of the year.There Kenny Frost, a Ute Elder and Sun Dance Chief, came various native . to CC on Tuesday, March 28 as part of Southwest Studies Coordinator for the North Finally, to cap Heritage limit, with desertification the inevitable result. are other differences:The Last Ranch American Indigenous Games Since the Whittens and their neighbors have no control is narrated by Bingham in a straight major Ivan Thrane’s (’06) senior project. Thrane initially Week, NASU Junior Katie over moisture levels, it becomes clear to Donnie and Karen forward, chronological progression. His had issues with Colorado College’s lack of attention to Rosing (’07) and her assistant Sandy Craddock taught that their only option is better land management. Much of the book is heavily researched and strives Colorado’s first people, in particular, the paucity of courses “Native American Weaving for Beginners.” In this workshop, book describes the history and current institutional thinking for the objectivity. The narrator in The dealing with Ute history and culture. He used his frustration CC students, faculty and staff had the opportunity to learn about how to manage land. Government agencies were of Meadow is not an objective observer but some help, but had no real answers. a participant in the story. James Galvin as an opportunity to turn things around and raise campus about several weaving techniques commonly utilized in the In 1984, Donnie and his brother attended a Colorado grew up on a ranch at Sheep Creek and awareness about the Ute presence in Colorado.Thrane spent Southwest. Cattlemen’s Association meeting in Colorado Springs. Donnie lives near there today. He is not looking time with Frost learning about Ute culture and current issues recalls that gathering: “There was this guy from Africa for an objective reality but a more while photographing Ute sacred sites across the state. Frost —Liz Moore, CC ’06, NASU Chair 6 Continued on page 8 3 The Taylors’ lawyers appealed the case to the U.S. Supreme That Ubiquitous Little Cloud: An Update on Court, which declined to hear it, leaving the decision to stand.

the Taylor Ranch Mariannne Stoller And so the little cloud remains on the title. After the 1998 decision, the Taylors sold the land to Mr. Lou Pai, a former vice president in the Enron Corporation. After a few years, Mr Pai Marianne Stoller, Professor Emerita of Anthropology sold the land to two couples from Dallas, Texas. Currently the Court is ruling on the rights piece by piece In 1976, noted journalist Calvin Trillin published an the ownership of lands by Mexico’s former citizens, confirmed as the titles are cleared to the present owners of the original article in the The New Yorker magazine titled “U.S. Journal: the grant now known as the Sangre de Cristo Grant. The lands ceded by Beaubien, locally called the vara strips—at the Costilla County, Colorado–A Little Cloud on the Title.” In Beaubiens set about recruiting settlers on the land by giving or expense of the landowners. It is a slow process, but the summer his article Trillin recounted the “range war,” as newspapers selling land for home sites and fields. Most of the settlers came before last “horned and woolen cattle” again grazed in the were calling it, between Jack Taylor and his neighbors. Taylor, from theTaos area, and by 1860 there were eight named plazas mountain meadows for the first time in forty-five years—and a lumberman from North Carolina, had purchased the almost in the Culebra and Costilla river valleys with a total population the current owners of the ranch complained, fearing over- 78,000 acre Mountain Tract in 1959 from the Costilla Estates of over 1,700 people. Culebra Range grazing. But the Colorado Supreme Court’s ruling specified Company. This was the last remaining parcel of land on the Charles Beaubien, in poor health and fearing the in 1997 and 1998. An excellent summary of the legal issues by that people would only have“reasonable uses” of the resources. old Sangre de Cristo Grant. It comprised the west-facing slopes imposition of property taxes by the U.S. (he also owned the which the case, Eugene Lobato et al. vs. Zachary Taylor, was Both sides may need to abide by the clause in the Beaubien of the Culebra Range of the Sangre de Cristo Mountains from grant known as the Maxwell Grant in New Mexico, on the east argued appears in a recent article by Ryan Golten in the Journal Document following the designation of the resources that says Culebra Peak south to Costilla Peak and the border of Colorado side of the mountains), made a journey to San Luis, the largest of Natural Resources. “always taking care that one does not injure another.” and New Mexico. Finding “a little cloud on his title,” namely settlement on his Colorado grant, for the express purpose of In 1997, the judge found sufficient cause to send the case that the local inhabitants claimed and had exercised use rights registering the titles to the lands of his settlers and ensuring to full trial. With a a team of twelve lawyers led by Jeffrey on the mountain land since their ancestors had settled there in their rights. (In 1861 the Territory of Colorado had been Goldstein, a panopoly of written and oral testimonies by several the 1850s, Taylor went to the U.S. District Court to quiet his created and Costilla County was organized with San Luis as expert witnesses, including the present author, and thousands title. How did that “little cloud” get on the title? the county seat). These titles were subsequently recorded in of pages of historical documents, the ruling was still inTaylor’s both Costilla and Taos counties. While there, Beaubien drew favor.The Colorado Court of Appeals upheld the decision and Marianne Stoller up a document—referred to as the Beaubien Concession or the case went on appeal to the Colorado Supreme Court. In Donations—in which he specified that the settlers were to have 2002 the Court ruled: the rights to timber, firewood, and grazing on the mountain Marianne Stoller lands. This document was also duly witnesssed and recorded It would be the height of arrogance and nothing but in both counties; its stipulation of use rights has been ever after a legal fiction for us to claim that we can interpret a part of the title to the area known as the Mountain Tract and this document (the Beaubien Concession) without subsequently the Taylor Ranch. putting it in its historical context….Accordingly, When Taylor attempted to exorcise the clause from his we hold that the landowners (of the lands donated title, the local people organized and fought to retain these or sold to the original settlers by Beaubien) have implied rights in Taylor’s land for the access usufruct rights. He erected fences, dug ditches across roads detailed in the Beaubien Document—pasture, to prevent travel into the mountains, and shot at people and firewood, and timber. Acequia above , Colorado, 1980 their animals when they attempted to access his land for wood and grazing.The inhabitants of the old villages shot back, and then battled Taylor in court for their rights. Armed with a Road leading into the Taylor Ranch poor translation of the“Beaubien Concession,” they and their SOUTHWEST NORTHWEST–KILLER 2006 Southwest Studies On the last day of the year 1843, Governor Manuel lawyer argued strenuously, but the courts ruled in Mr. Taylor’s WHALES AND TOTEM POLES Armijo of New Mexico, Republic of Mexico, granted to favor. Broke and discouraged, the people disbanded. Between M.A.T. Summer Institute Narciso Beaubien and Stephen Louis Lee, both of Taos, a 1960 and 1970, the population of the county fell by over half, The Woman’s Educational Society of Colorado College is sponsoring another spectacular tour. It is scheduled for September tract of land bordered on the north by Trinchera Creek and as people could no longer sustain their small ranching way of 29-October 5. This tour will start in Vancouver, B.C. and “Music and Southwestern Expressive Cultures” its tributaries, on the south by the Rio Costilla, on the west life without access to the mountain meadows. then move to Victoria. It will include visits to the Museum of Professor Victoria Levine by the Rio Grande, and on the east by the mountain range. In the 1970s, however, young people in the area, better Anthropology at the University of British Columbia (largest They wanted the land to raise“horned and woolen cattle” and educated than their parents and fired up by the successes collection of NW Coast Native arts), Orca whales on San Juan Island, visits to a native carver, Butchardt Gardens in Victoria, and Students will learn interdisciplinary approaches to the promised to establish a settlement on it—a prerequisite of all elsewhere of the Civil Rights Movement, formed an much more! study of Southwestern expressive media, to include Spanish and Mexican land grants. The times were turbulent organization called the Land Rights Council, hired a small law The estimated cost for the trip is $1,000, which includes a $100 with the beginning of the Mexican-American War in 1846, firm in Denver whose members specialized in civil rights cases, tax deductible contribution to the WES Scholarship Fund. A music, dance, oral narrative and poetry, ritual drama and and young Beaubien and Lee were both killed in the Taos and again attempted to challengeTaylor’s title and regain their deposit of $150 is due July 1, 2006. Lodging is included in the visual art, focusing on Native American and Hispanic Revolt of 1847 against U.S. occupation. Charles Beaubien, rights. Their major complaint was Taylor’s failure to notify estimated fee (double occupancy, single supplement extra), plus transportation in British Columbia, and entrance and guide fees. communities. Participants take a week-long field trip to Narciso’s father, was a French Canadian trapper/trader who all possible heirs to the rights in his quiet title suit. In 1980 Meals are not included. Please note that the estimated fee DOES New Mexico where they will attend a Pueblo feast day had founded a mercantile business inTaos, became a Mexican the lawsuit was filed in Costilla County District Court. The NOT INCLUDE transportation to and from Vancouver from citizen, and married Maria Paula Lobato. They inherited suit went up and down the judicial system over the years; in your home city. You must make your own arrangements for that dance, meet with local musicians and artists and visit area their son’s share of the grant and purchased Lee’s share from suspension for a number of years when Jack Taylor died and part of the trip. Please contact Marianne Stoller (719-634-4278), museums and cultural centers. For more information, [email protected] or Linda Crissey (719-630-7999), his widow for $100. In 1861, the U.S. Congress, acting in his estate was probated, every court ruled inTaylor’s favor until, [email protected]. Marianne is currently accepting sign-ups. contact Summer Programs, 719-389-6011. accordance with theTreaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo to recognize on appeal, the Colorado Supreme Court sent it back for trial 4 5