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Location-Aware Applications Location-Aware Applications RICHARD FERRARO MURAT AKTIHANOGLU 11 MANNING Shelter Island contents preface xiii acknowledgments xv about this book xvii about the cover illustration xx Part I LBS, the big picture I I Location-based services; an overview 3 I 1.1 What are location-based services? 4 Key components of an LBS 5 1.2 Today's commercial and consumer LBSs 8 GPS in the transportation industry 8 • GPS compared to Rl'ID 9 Emergency response- services 10 * Service locator applications 10 9 Social networking applications 10 1.3 Challenges of developing mobile LBSs 12 Cost of access 12 * Handset manufacturers and operators 13* Privacy legislation and public perception 14 1.4 Future opportunities of LBS 15 The contextual Holy Grail 16 1.5 Summary 19 xix CONTENTS XX O Positioning technologies 21 *-•* 2.1 What are positioning technologies? 22 O// lower triangulation 23 • Satellite navigation GPS 24 • Standard GPS 25 ' Assisted GPS 26 Bluetooth or standalone GPS 28 2.2 Cell ID 29 Cell ID databases 30 2.3 Wireless positioning systems 32 Wi-Fi hotspot detection 33 2.4 New positioning methods 33 Hybrid positioning 34" P-Ce.ll technology 35 IMU technology 36 " Push versus pull mechanisms 36 2.5 Summary 38 Mapping 39 " 3.1 Mapping APIs 40 3.2 Comparison of mapping APIs 44 MapQuesl 46 Google Maps 47 * BingMaps 48 Yahoo! Maps 49 • CloudMade 51 ' Mapstraction 52 A word on licensing 54 3.3 Map providers 55 NAVTEQ 56' Tele Atlas 57 OpenStreelMap 59 3.4 Browser-based location 60 Fire Eagle 61 Loki 61 Geode 63 " Native browser support 64 3.5 Summary 65 /# Content options 67 4.1 Content licenses 68 4.2 Content distribution formats 69 GeoRSS 69 * GeoJSON 71 KML 73 4.3 Licensing content from third parties 74 4.4 User-generated content 75 Privacy 76 * Quality 77 * Copyright issues 77 Implementation and performance 77 4.5 Mashups 77 Consumer mashups 78 Data mashups 79 Business mashups 80 CONTENTS xxi 4.6 Our coding mashup example 81 UsingKML 82 UsingJavaScript 83 4.7 Summary 87 Part 2 Technology V Consumer applications 91 5.1 Navigating to a destination 92 GPS assisted navigation on smarlphones—Telmap 93 GPS assisted navigation on Nokia handsets—Ovi Maps 93 Creating a navigational widget platform— uLocate 95' Google's (free) Maps Navigation 97 5.2 Connecting with other people or local places 98 Creating a story through geotagged photos—Whirl 100 • Taking location mainstream—Loopt 101 ' Going global with LBS-— GyPSii 102 * MakingLBS easy—Sniff 103 Real and virtual worlds through LBS—Friendticker 104 5.3 Entertainment or play 109 Creating adventures through location-aware apps—GPS Mission 110 " Location-aware treasure hunting— geocaching 110' Location-based social networking games 112 5.4 New app development frontiers 115 Augmented reality 115 Layar—a pioneer in AR browsing 116 5.5 Summary 120 Mobile platforms 122 6.1 Mobile phone trends 124 6.2 How programming and distribution options are evolving 125 6.3 Java ME 126 6.4 Symbian 127 Nokia Ovi Store 129 6.5 iPhone and iPad 130 Restrictions on iOS development tools 133 ' A simple iPhone app 133' The Apple App Store 139 xxii CONTENTS 6.6 Android 140 A simple Android app 142 * Android Market 144 6.7 webOS 144 HP App Catalog 146 6.8 BlackBerry OS 146 BlackBerry App World 148 6.9 Windows Mobile 149 Windows Marketplacefor Mobile 149 6.10 LiMo 149 6.11 MeeGo 150 6.12 BREW 152 6.13 Mobile development frameworks 153 PhoneGap 153 Kyle Mobile App Frameworks 153 Big5 154 Titanium Mobile 154' QuickConnect 154 Rhodes Framework 154 6.14 Testing 154 6.15 Summary 155 Connectivity issues 156 ' 7.1 Key success factors in connectivity 157 Smartphones 158 " Feature phones 158 7.2 Security of" location data 159 Caching location files 159 Server databases 160 7.3 Location-aware platform examples 160 iPhone and iPad example 160 • Android example 161 Java ME example 162* Palm webOS example 163 7.4 Summary 164 O Server-side integration 165 8.1 Server functionality 166 8.2 Server APIs 168 REST 168 • XML data exchangeformat 169 JSON data exchangeformat 170 8.3 Spatial databases 171 PostgreSQL and PostGIS 171 MySQL spatial support 173 * Microsoft SQL Server spatial support 173 Oracle Spatial 175 IBM DB2 SpatialExtender 175 CONTENTS xxiii 8.4 Performance 176 Caching 176 8.5 Returning POIs example 177 8.6 Third-party LBS servers 179 MapServer 179 * ESRIArcGIS Server 180 Maptitude 180 « GeoMedia 181 Maplnfo Professional 182 0 Microsoft, MapPoint 182 8.7 Summary 183 Part 3 Creating winning LBS businesses ................ 185 | | Monetization oflocation-based services 187 ^ 9.1 The consumer as a source of revenue 189 Gateway charging 189 In-app charging 193 9.2 Businesses as a source of revenue 201 Real esLate charging 201 Location data charging 210 9.3 Monetizing IP 211 Licensing 211 White labeling 212 9.4 Summary 213 f) The privacy debate 214 ** 10.1 What do we mean by privacy? 215 Defining privacy 215 10.2 The privacy debate 217 Privacy threats 218* Push versus pull location 221 10.3 Who manages the privacy of LBS? 222 10.4 Privacy legislation 224 Avoiding the data privacy booby traps 224 Best practice guidelines: Cellular Telephones Industries Association 226 10.5 Complying with privacy legislation 228 Setting user profiles 229 " Opt-in screens 229 ' Fuzzy location 231 Terms of sendee 231 * Geofencing 231 10.6 Summary 232 | Distributing your application 233 11.1 A product is only as good as its distribution 233 Distribution platform decision tree model 234 xxiv CONTENTS 11.2 Publishing your app 237 Overview of application stores 237 How to publish your app on a store 242 11.3 App store discoverability 248 App reviews 249 App rankings 249 App analytics 252 App discoverability 253 11.4 Distributing through third parties 253 Distributing through content partners 253 . Distributing through word-of-mouth marketing 255 11.5 Summary 257 ' Q| Securing your business idea 258 A"*' 12.1 Strategic planning 259 Choosing the right business strategy 259 Formulating your business strategy—the businessplan 261 » Strategiesfor growth- external partnerships 263 12.2 Funding your business strategy 264 Matching funding to stages of business groiuth 264 Bootstrap funding 266 Friends, family, and fools funding 267 ' Business angel funding 267 Venture capitalist funding 267 12.3 Securing your business strategy 271 Trademark registration and brand protection 272 Patenting your development 275 12.4 Summary 278 appendix A Java code examples referred to in chapter 2 280 appendix B Business plan outline 282 appendix C Tarm sheet forproposed investmen t 284 index 291.
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