For further information please contact: The of Oxford Public Affairs Directorate University Offices Wellington Square Oxford OX1 2JD Telephone: +44 (0)1865 270010 Annual Review Facsimile: +44 (0)1865 280535 Email: [email protected] Website: www.ox.ac.uk/publicaffairs 2009/10 Annual Review University of Oxfordof University of its research, the skills of its alumni and the publishing of academic and educational materials. university, and enriching the international, national and regional communities through world-classthe fruits a as position historical its developing and research,maintaining and teaching its areaof every excellencesustainin and achieve toOxford is of University the of mission The www.ox.ac.uk Supplement *1 toOxford*1 Supplement Gazette, University Vol. 2011) (January 141

2009/10

Annual Review 2009/10 Annual Review 2009/10 Contents 8 6 4 2 1 10 16 18 14 12 commitment Recognising students' social worldwide campaign response Pioneering thinking thatinspired a Reaching out Challenges in wonderland Making adifference –atastroke the Pharaohs in time How radiocarbon dating helps place Digital Edition The JaneAusten’s Fiction Manuscripts Pigeons in flight –lessonsto belearned Year in review The Vice-Chancellor’s foreword 30 20 36 28 22 26 37 25 35 Giving to Oxford New appointments New headsof house Honours andawards Honorary degrees Environmental sustainability 4. Postgraduates 3. Undergraduates 2. Students by nationality 1. Total students Student numbers Appendices External research funding Financial review The Vice-Chancellor's foreword £1 billion fundraising mark is truly impressive, especially As any year draws to a close, there is the opportunity opportunity the is there close, a to draws year any As Martin and Martin also a benefaction of £75 million, represent- col f oenet Wie hs hv be trans- been have these While Government. of School future. On no issue is this truer than Oxford Thinking, Thinking, Oxford than truer this is issue no On future. rs aprtos o ssann Ofr’ rsac and research Oxford’s sustaining for aspirations fresh formative contributions to the Campaign, every gift, gift, every Campaign, the to contributions formative forthe Campaign of Oxford. the University Reaching its the to clearly look and achievements our recognisewe that important is it country, this in foruniversities time challenging hugely and critical a is what At next. the to Our admissions staff arestafftoadmissions ways innovative Our developing the is which endeavour academic high-quality the teachingexcellence. tdns wovr n weee te ae Promoting are. they wherever and whoever students, students from coming to Oxford. Support for student for Support Oxford. to coming from students must we area this in ambitions our Toachieve society. toe, hog qetos bu fnaetl issues fundamental about questions through strokes, nvriy eevd rcr nme o applications. of number record a received University Egypt. Ancient accurateof kings the of chronology gis a obdig cnmc akrp I icue a includes It backdrop. economic forbidding a against qaiy f potnt i fnaetl o civilised a to fundamental is opportunity of equality deliver on our commitment to attract the most talented nue ht hr ae o iaca brir t prevent to barriers financial no are there that ensure demonstrate the huge range of work being carried out carried being work of range huge the demonstrate rttd ad sne f uiiy Nw t s ie to time is it come Now together across the collegiate humility. University to plan a of sense a and gratitude n h Uiest, rm rudraig eerh into research groundbreaking from University, the in ing one of the most generous gifts in Oxford’s 900-year ahead look and months 12 past the on reflect to both rationale for our fundraising campaign. These examplesThese campaign.fundraising forour rationale new phase; a recalibrationa phase; new setwill that Campaign the of genuine with received been has size, its of regardless history, from Mr Len Blavatnik to establish the Blavatnik James Dr from initiative matched-funding remarkable n ecig n o or tdns I 20–0 the 2009–10 In students. our on and teaching on of group living, to radiocarbon dating mapping out an out mapping dating radiocarbon to living, group of This Another significant featurethis significant of Another etrs eea eape of examples several features Review Annual is its focusits is Review

together ensure that Oxford remains among the very best tocometo Oxford. staff and students can develop new understanding and understanding new develop can students and staff students too are making a significant contribution to our iac. u waee te xenl otx, e must we context, external the whatever But Finance. Browne’s Review of Higher Funding and Student and to our commitment to encourage new generations new encourage to commitment our to and in role bigger a play must teaching for and – level ate knowledge for the benefit of all. of forbenefit knowledge the brightestand research best whereing the teaching, and ihr dcto fnig Bt Hue o Parliament approvedresponseGovernment'snow havetothe Lord of Houses Both funding. education higher in the world – a centrea – worldcombiningoutstand the - in universities eerh t te nvriys ok n t communities its in work University’s the to research, bursaries and scholarships – at undergraduate and gradu- our fundraising activity. As we reflect in these pages, our ProfessorAndrewHamilton, They will do so at a time of far-reaching changes to changes far-reaching of time a at so do will They frs

1 Annual Review 2009/10 Featured here are just some of the many news stories and events which have occurred within the University during the academic year 2009/10

Annual Review 2009/10 2009/10 Review Annual Year in review

October On 6 October, at a ceremony in the Sheldonian Theatre, Andrew Hamilton was installed as the 271st Vice-Chancellor of the University. Talking in his inaugural address about what had 'bewitched and beguiled' him about Oxford, he said: 'I am here because Oxford over many centuries has committed itself to the development of ideas at the forefront of knowledge and then to the testing of those ideas through analysis, debate and experimentation. I am here because Oxford is committed to excellence in all of these undertakings. Excellence in the standards it sets for scholarship. Excellence in its academic staff, in the lecturers, tutors and researchers, who are crucial to its success. Excellence in the students it chooses for admission. Excellence in the quality it expects of its administration. And excellence in those twin Oxford jewels, the collegiate structure and the tutorial system.' www.admin.ox.ac.uk/vc

November Undergraduate applications for entry in 2010 showed a record number of applications at more than 17,000, an increase of 12 per cent on the previous year. Applications from state school candidates have increased by 77 per cent over the past 10 years (compared to 68 per cent from independent schools). Oxford is committed to selecting students with the most academic ability and potential, and works to attract applications from talented students from any background. In the last year the collegiate University has carried out more than 1,500 outreach activities with nearly 2,000 UK schools and taking part in an Oxford-specific event. www.ox.ac.uk/admissions

December Her Majesty The Queen officially opened the new Ashmolean Museum on 2 December following a major multi-million pound redevelopment, part of the Oxford Thinking Campaign. The rede- velopment provides the Ashmolean with 100 per cent more display space, comprising 39 new galleries, including four temporary exhibition galleries, a new education centre, state-of-the-art conservation studios and Oxford’s first rooftop restaurant. Since its opening, visitor numbers have quadrupled to 1.2 million, compared to the previous average of 300,000 per annum. www.ashmolean.org

February January Professor was honoured in a new set of Royal Mail Oxford in snow stamps celebrating the 350th anniversary of the Royal Society. The stamp celebrates the advances in X-ray crystallography Professor Hodgson made at Oxford – she determined the molecular structures of penicillin, vitamin B12 and insu- lin. In 1964 she received the Nobel Prize for Chemistry, becoming the only British woman scientist to win a Nobel. Three of the world’s most influential researchers mathemati- cian, Sir Andrew Wiles, physicist, Dr Tim Palmer, and chemist, Carol Robinson, have been appointed Royal Society .

2 March The Bodleian Libraries unveiled plans for the restoration and renovation of the New Bodleian Library with the aim of creating state-of-the-art storage for the library’s Special Collections, the development of the library’s research facilities, and the expansion of public access to its treasures through new exhibition galleries and other facilities. Once completed, it will be renamed the Annual Review 2009/10 Review Annual Weston Library, in honour of the £25 million donation by the Garfield Weston Foundation. The renovation of the New Bodleian is part of an integrated strategy to improve the management of and access to the Bodleian Libraries’ historic collections, as well as improving facilities for researchers and readers while continuing to preserve and enhance these collections. www.bodleian.ox.ac.uk/about/projects

April OPTIMA, the Oxford Project to Investigate Memory and Ageing, celebrated 22 years of research. By collecting information on hundreds of older people, both with and without dementia, the team is able to study the brain and the differences between the two groups. It now holds a unique and growing database of psychological, neurological, biochemical and genetic information and also an extensive biobank of samples that are being used to explore the risk factors or causes of this debilitating condition. It is now building a new cohort, the Longitudinal Early Alzheimer’s Disease (LEAD) cohort consisting of people with early or pre-dementia Alzheimer’s disease, whose main focus is as a platform to allow research on early diagnosis, including biomarkers, imaging and neuropsychology, and facilitate collaboration with industry to help with evaluation of potential new treatments. www.medsci.ox.ac.uk/optima

May Oxford finalist Liz Williams was joint winner of the UK Centre for Legal Education's Student Essay Competition, 2010, sharing first place with Sitanta Ni Mathghamhna, of Birkbeck , University of . Liz, who was then in her fourth year studying Law with Law Studies in Europe at Christ Church, wrote her essay to answer the question ‘How might a legal education enable students to contribute to the improvement of society?’ Having argued in her essay that legal studies fosters diversely applicable skills, and after graduating with a First, Liz has gone on to pre- sent a paper at the launch of a legal research project in Bonn, and is studying for a Public Relations qualification while also volunteering and exploring opportunities as a freelance writer and artist. www.law.ox.ac.uk

June Geoffrey Hill became Professor of Poetry, the 44th since the role was created in 1708. Interest in the Professor of Poetry election reached a peak this year following the introduction of new voting procedures. More than 2,500 votes were cast in person and online between 21 May and 16 June to elect a successor to . Professor Hill read English at Keble College. His work, both poetry and prose, is studied in English departments worldwide and his powerful and intricate poetic voice has won him both critical praise and a wide audience. www.ox.ac.uk/about_the_university/oxford_people/professor_of_poetry

July Mr Leonard Blavatnik, an American industrialist and philanthropist, gave £75 million to establish the Blavatnik School of Government – Europe’s first school of government. Until now, schools specialising in government and public policy have been found largely in the . This historic benefaction, which is one of the most generous gifts in Oxford’s 900-year history, brought the University’s fundraising total to £1 billion. This figure was formally announced in October 2010 following input of Campaign figures from the colleges. The University’s collegiate Campaign supports world-class teaching, research and facilities. www.campaign.ox.ac.uk

A full round up of news and events can be found at www.ox.ac.uk/news 3 Review 2009/10 2009/10 Review Annual Pigeons in flight – lessons to be learned

‘If you release Listen in on any discussion about taking a route from A example by a strong wind, if you are following a linear to B and you’ll often hear the phrase ‘as the crow flies’. feature.’ a number of It’s meant to indicate taking the most direct route. But is This led to the second phase: releasing birds in pairs that the way a crow would actually fly? It is a question and then in groups to see what they would do then. This birds from that has begun to be explored, although, thus far, with is the stage that had lessons for group decision-making. the same pigeons rather than crows. Says Dr Biro: ‘When there are two of you used to taking Dr Dora Biro, Royal Society University Research a different route you have three options: split and go site, each and Ernest Cook Junior Research Fellow at Somerville your own way, go together down one or other’s route, develops College, is focusing on the mechanisms and consequences or compromise. Being a sociable bird and feeling a safety of social living and social organisation in animals. One of in numbers, the pigeons tended to stick together, but the its own the ways she’s doing that is by examining group decision- outcome depended on the pairs we chose.’ making and social learning in the context of navigation When birds with very different routes were paired, idiosyncratic by homing pigeons. ‘My particular interests focus on they did sometimes split. When the two routes were route home. how individuals with conflicting knowledge or prefer- not that different, they flew down the middle – a route ences resolve their differences, and what information which, it emerged, was more efficient than taking either What’s is exchanged between group members during socially individual’s route. more, each mediated learning – these are fundamental questions of In Oxford, Professor Tim Guilford leads a team of group living.’ PhD students, supported by the BBSRC and Microsoft individual Pigeons have been chosen as the focus of one element Research. In the past their work has been funded by the of the study because of their breeding, which has built EPSRC, the NERC and the Leverhulme Trust. The next bird will into them an instinct to find their way ‘home’. ‘This’, says phase was to observe what would happen in bigger choose a Dr Biro, ‘means a clarity of purpose in their flight – they groups, with flocks of 8–10 pigeons. On this, Dr Biro are bred to have a particularly strong homing motivation. collaborated with a group of statistical physicists from route, refine We can look at their behaviour, observe the mechanisms Eötvös University in Hungary, led by Professor Tamás it and involved and rule out other motivations such as a need Vicsek. They were interested in decision-making within to stop for food, because we know that getting home is the flock; which bird made a change of direction and how then, by the what they are trying to do.’ quickly was that followed? They found that, while most The work has had several phases and involves the use birds have a say in the decision-making, a flexible system sixth to eighth of high-resolution GPS tracking systems to plot in detail of ‘rank’ means that some are more likely to lead and flight, stick the routes the birds take. Commercial GPS devices are others to follow. But even the lowest birds in the hierar- stripped down to the bare minimum necessary for them chy did sometimes influence the flock. Dr Biro says: ‘This to it.’ to work in order to reduce the weight the bird has to dynamic, flexible segregation of individuals into leaders carry, and are fitted to the pigeons as tiny 17g backpacks. and followers – where even the lower-ranking members’ After a journey the backpack can then be removed and opinions can make a contribution – may represent a par- the information on it downloaded to allow researchers to ticularly efficient form of decision-making.’ plot the actual route taken. This is a significant advance Dr Biro believes that the findings could help unravel on the way early work in this field was undertaken. Then, the decision-making process in other groups, including researchers had only binoculars to track the bird. They humans. ‘Our study suggests that this sophisticated could follow the birds for as long as they remained in leadership strategy has advantages over one based on range, and had no information on the route they took a single leader or those in which all members contribute thereafter. equally to decision-making. It is easy to see how that has Phase one was to release a group of birds one by one implications for many aspects of our life in social groups on what are for them relatively short journeys of, say, and work-related organisations.’ 25km. Dr Biro often uses a route from north Oxfordshire back to the study’s base at the University farm on the Wytham Estate. ‘The results were not what you might 'Collective movement phenomena in animals include expect. We found that instead of taking the most direct many spectacular and familiar examples: among birds, route, many pigeons appear to follow lines in the land- seemingly instantaneous changes in a flock’s scape such as roads and rivers, hedgerows and railway direction of motion, the abrupt splitting of a flock, Dr Dora Biro releases a tracks.’ But why? ‘There may be a number of factors’. or a synchronised landing are all signs of rapid pigeon whose route home says Dr Biro. ‘First, it is cognitively less demanding collective decision-making by group members, will be plotted by a GPS to follow long and stable features in the landscape typically on a very short timescale. What behavioural tracking system contained rather than memorise a chain of many different land- rules govern such phenomena?’ in a tiny backpack marks. It also helps to avoid being blown off course, for

4 http://oxnav.zoo.ox.ac.uk Annual Review 2009/10 Review Annual

5 The Jane Austen’s Fiction

Review 2009/10 2009/10 Review Annual Manuscripts Digital Edition

After the death of her sister Cassandra in 1845, Jane her handwriting. Professor Sutherland said: ‘Her famous Austen’s unpublished manuscripts were divided and ended description of her way of working – “the little bit (two up in private collections and museums across the world. Inches wide) of Ivory on which I work with so fine a Brush, But a digital archive made available online in October has as produces little effect after much labour” – is borne brought together high-quality images of the manuscripts, out by the small homemade booklets into which she and being able to study them side-by-side has yielded wrote the later manuscripts. Her style appears obses- fresh insights into the way one of Britain’s most popular sively economical, and we see this in the tiniest details; in authors worked. her formation of carets from recycled elements of other The Jane Austen’s Fiction Manuscripts Digital Edition letters, and her layered punctuation (the merging of a was a three-year project led by Professor Kathryn caret with the down stroke of a ‘p’ and a semi-colon with Sutherland of the Faculty of English Language and an exclamation mark), and her regular use of the dash Literature, which photographed, transcribed and encoded to maintain a material connection between her thoughts 1,100 original handwritten pages of Austen’s unpublished and the paper.’ writings. With funding from the Arts and Humanities The homemade booklets also provide clues to how Research Council, it is a collaboration with Oxford’s Austen worked. ‘They suggest a writing surface that Bodleian Library, King’s College London, the British Library was easy to carry from place to place, that could be kept and other libraries and private collectors worldwide. secret from inquisitive eyes and that offered the writer Digitization the sense of an actual book growing, gathering by gath- ering, beneath her hands. It is important to remember The Jane Austen digital edition applied advanced that these little booklets contain working drafts, full of methods of digitization to the process of photographing crossings out and revisions. There is a huge difference and analysing the manuscripts. Much of the digital pho- between using a gathering for making a fair copy and tography was done by the same team that photographed for early composition. This is especially the case where the Dead Sea Scrolls, and using the same high standards narrative is concerned. As a writing surface, they suggest and techniques. Professor Sutherland worked with com- considerable confidence on the part of the novelist to puter experts from King’s College London to develop a carry the story forward as a sequence whose elements highly sophisticated markup language, based on XML, are threaded together from the start in their proper order. to encode and analyse the manuscripts in minute detail. Of course, the writer can delete or insert new lines, but The technical demands of the project were formidable, flexibility is limited.’ primarily because the purpose of the online edition was ‘Immediately striking when you look at images of to represent not only the content of the manuscripts as Austen’s booklet pages is how densely filled they are, images and transcriptions, but also their 'genetic' features apparently closing off options for complex revision very – their temporal sequence of composition. As a result, early. She leaves no space for extensive reworking. This the project has set new world standards for the complex suggests that once set down she did not anticipate pro- encoding of draft or working manuscripts – not only for tracted redrafting of storylines, descriptions or dialogue. Austen but also for other modern authors. She is particularly good at capturing conversations with Austen’s variety little alteration. On the few occasions where sustained Jane Austen’s manuscripts are both fascinating and revision was needed, she literally applied paper patches to frustrating. We do not have the manuscripts we most the draft manuscript. In The Watsons, for example, there want to see: no working drafts of Pride and Prejudice or are three neat patches, originally pinned to the page, and Emma or of any of the famous six novels (other than tailored to the space they were to fill.’ two chapters of an alternative ending to Persuasion). On The visual evidence from the manuscripts, now available the other hand, we do have manuscripts that stretch her for all to examine in the digital edition, extends Professor writing life back to the age of twelve and forward to age Sutherland’s earlier research on Austen’s methods of 41, when she died. We have teenage notebooks filled writing published in Jane Austen’s Textual Lives: From with spoof fictions, an abandoned novel and Sanditon, the Aeschylus to Bollywood. work she was writing in the last months of her life. These The digital edition of Jane Austen’s Fiction Manuscripts manuscripts represent a different Jane Austen: different provides images of the original pages of all the fiction in the range of fiction they contain from the novels we manuscripts for critical examination. We can now see how know only from print; different in what they reveal about presentation on the page is so much a part of the meaning the workings of her imagination. of the juvenilia in the original circumstances of coterie Quirks of Austen’s writing reading. We also see how evidence of composition within Being able to view Austen’s original manuscripts revealed the working drafts offers an opportunity to reconsider fascinating details about the mechanics and quirks of and enrich our appreciation of the printed works.

6 www.janeausten.ac.uk Further digitization projects within Oxford’s Humanities 2009/10 Review Annual Division 4Electronic Enlightenment – a website which reconstructs the extraordinary web of correspondence that marked the birth of the modern world

4Digital Image Archive of Medieval Music – the Faculty of Music’s expanding online archive of medieval music manuscripts, using high-quality images which have facilitated a level of detailed discovery by using magnification beyond that achievable with the naked eye

4Multispectral imaging laboratory – a joint project between Classics and to decipher medieval manuscripts

4The Elements of Drawing – the Ruskin School of Drawing and Fine Art and the Ashmolean Museum’s online archive of drawings, prints and photographs assem- bled by for teaching students

4Reflective Transformation Imaging capture system – a project by Classics and Oriental Studies which captures images of ancient documents

A page from an unpublished draft of Persuasion. The digital edition allows deeper insight into Jane Austen’s working methods than has previously been possible

7 How radiocarbon dating helps place the

Review 2009/10 2009/10 Review Annual Pharaohs in time

From just a few handfuls of seeds, and fragments of ‘I think Dynasties of Ancient Egypt D papyrus and textiles, researchers led by a team from 4 Predynastic Egypt 4 Second Intermediate scholars and Oxford have mapped out an accurate chronology of the 4 Early Dynastic 4 New Kingdom – the period scientists will kings of ancient Egypt. The international team was led by 4 Old Kingdom – the period in between the 16th century Christopher Ramsey, Professor of Archaeological Science the 3rd millennium bce bc and the 11th Century bc 4 at Oxford and Director of the Oxford Radiocarbon First Intermediate covering the 18th, 19th and be glad to 4 Middle Kingdom – stretching 20th Dynasties. Accelerator Unit, and involved UK researchers from from the establishment of the 4 Third Intermediate hear that our Oxford and Cranfield along with colleagues from , 11th Dynasty to the end of 4 Late Period small team of and Israel. the 14th Dynasty 4 Greek-Roman In a project supported by the Leverhulme Trust, the researchers research team used radiocarbon techniques to provide material from sites that have been precisely dated. This new dating evidence for Egypt’s Old, Middle and New allowed us to check for a “reservoir effect”; that is a has Kingdoms. These are three of the most definitive periods way in which the technology we were using might itself independently of ancient Egypt and the new findings have a wide histori- produce inaccurate findings. And there was a minor dif- cal significance. Egyptian chronology anchors the timing ference, of a couple of decades, in some cases. This is corroborated of historical events in neighbouring areas, by tying them something we can probably explain as being a growing- a century of to the reigns of particular Egyptians rulers. The sequence season effect, but it does need to be taken into account.’ of Pharaohs is well known, as is the length of their reign, One of the benefits of having an international team scholarship but what has been less certain is exactly where they sit in was that the tests could be run in different laboratories terms of years. Until now, the chronologies of the ancient – in the UK, France and Austria – to allow cross checking in just three Egyptian kingdoms have been based on observation from and to diminish the possibility of results being produced years.’ lists on papyri and stone, enhanced by archaeological evi- that are affected by local factors. OxCal, a computer pro- dence. This project allowed those historical chronologies gram devised by Professor Ramsey, was used to combine to be checked against dates obtained by the radiocarbon the dates for the seeds, baskets, textiles, plants stems method. This determines the age of an object by measur- and fruit with historical information about the order and ing its radioactive carbon concentration. It is the most length of each of the Egyptian rulers to create the full widely used scientific method for dating archaeological chronology. ‘The results’, he explained, ‘were broadly in artefacts and contexts. line with previous estimates. But the radiocarbon dating The Oxford-led team dated 211 plants, seeds and pinpoints some periods as being earlier than previously papyrus samples – some of them more than 4,500 thought. Djoser, one of the best-known pharaohs of the years old. This included items from Tutankhamun’s tomb Old Kingdom, was found to have ruled from between and the rooms under the Saqqara step pyramid. They 2691 and 2625 bce, about 50–100 years earlier than were provided by museum collections from all over North some scholars previously thought. The study also sug- America and Europe, including Oxford’s Ashmolean and gested that the start of the New Kingdom might have Right: Researchers found Pitt Rivers Museums. been a few decades earlier, at somewhere between 1570 that Pharaoh Djoser’s Samples from more recent periods of Egyptian history and 1544 bc.’ reign was earlier than – whose ages are precisely known – were also radiocar- Going forward, with techniques and methodology previously thought bon dated to test the reliability of the methodology. This vindicated by the results, there are exciting further pos- included material from the Oxford University Herbaria – a sibilities for study. Professor Ramsey says: ‘This time, Below: The King List in the vast collection of plant specimens, archived and housed despite the generosity of the museums, we were limited temple of Seti I at Abydos in the Department of Plant Sciences, which have been in terms of the material we could use. I’m sure that there is an important source of brought back to Oxford from all over the world since is further material to be studied that will allow future information about ancient 1608. They include environmental samples which were projects to look more closely at other periods – for Egyptian chronology collected in Egypt in the eighteenth and nineteenth cen- example, ones before the Old Kingdom. It should also be turies and therefore had known collection dates. ‘This’, possible with more material to get even greater precision says Professor Ramsey, ‘was critical to the success of for the Old, Middle and new Kingdoms we studied this the study because we were able to use seeds and plant time – maybe as close as an exact decade.’

The historical chronologies for dynastic Egypt are based on reign lengths inferred from written and archaeologi- cal evidence. These floating chronologies are linked to the absolute calendar by a few ancient astronomical observations, which remain a source of debate. We used 211 radiocarbon measurements made on samples from short-lived plants, together with a Bayesian model incorporating historical information on reign lengths, to produce a chronology for dynastic Egypt. Our radiocarbon data indicate that the New Kingdom started between 1570 and 1544 bce, and the reign of Djoser in the Old Kingdom started between 2691 and 2625 bce; both cases are earlier than some previous historical estimates. Science, 18 June 2010

8 www.arch.ox.ac.uk ‘The aim of this project was to investigate the consistency of the historical chronologies with dates obtained via the radiocarbon method.’ 2009/10 Review Annual

9 Review 2009/10 2009/10 Review Annual Making a difference – at a stroke

Oxford Stroke is the second most common cause of death world- evidence was there, but no one had looked’, says Professor wide and is predicted to become the leading cause of death Rothwell. ‘Previously, everyone had assumed it was just research within the next 20 years as the incidence of ischaemic lowering the average blood pressure that correlated with has major heart disease falls in developed countries. At present, the better outcomes.’ the risk of someone having a stroke within their lifetime This has important implications for treatment, he implications is about 25 per cent, with the risk being higher for the stresses: ‘Some of the drugs currently used to treat high over-65s. Spotting and treating the warning signs that a blood pressure – beta blockers, for example – actually for the stroke is likely to occur are therefore important strategies. increase variability and therefore paradoxically increase prevention Research has indicated that hypertension – raised blood stroke risk despite lowering average pressure, whereas pressure – plays a major role in causing stroke, although others, such as calcium channel blockers, reduce both of a the mechanism by which this happens is not fully under- variability and the average level and are therefore much stood. About half of all adults in the UK have hypertension more effective at preventing stroke.’ He urges phar- worldwide and this is generally treated by doctors with drugs aimed maceutical companies to develop new antihypertensive killer at lowering an individual’s average blood pressure level. drugs that both lower and stabilise blood pressure. Drugs In March 2010, however, four research papers published that stabilise blood pressure without lowering it are simultaneously in The Lancet and The Lancet Neurology by also needed for some elderly patients who cannot Peter Rothwell, Oxford’s Professor of Clinical Neurology, tolerate reductions in their average blood pressure. showed that variability in blood pressure is also a risk Professor Rothwell believes that the significance of factor for stroke, people with intermittent high blood blood pressure variability in assessing the risk of a stroke pressure (’episodic hypertension’) being at higher risk of should now be incorporated into clinical guidelines. He stroke than those with consistently high readings. and his team are therefore studying how best to identify ‘Our findings have important implications for the identi- variability and instability in blood pressure in routine clini- fication of individuals at risk of stroke and for the effective cal practice, with particular emphasis on measurements prevention of stroke’, says Professor Rothwell, who is also done by people at home. Professor Rothwell’s patients in Director of the Stroke Prevention Research Unit at the the Oxford Vascular Study are currently being asked to John Radcliffe Hospital. ‘Current clinical guidance tells doc- take three blood pressure readings three times each day at tors who see patients whose blood pressure is very high at home, with the results being transmitted automatically to one clinic visit to repeat measurements several times over the research centre using Bluetooth. ‘It’s a real education the next few weeks and only diagnose hypertension and about how little what we see in clinic tells us about what’s consider treatment if the blood pressure is consistently actually going on,’ he says. ‘We are able to monitor blood raised.’ pressure and change medication in real time so that blood The discovery is the result of analysis of data from sev- pressure is properly controlled.’ eral cohort studies and clinical trials, including the Oxford Home monitoring is also helping researchers investigate Vascular Study – a study of all strokes, heart attacks how long a period they need to spend assessing variability and other acute vascular events in a local population of in blood pressure. Early indications are that variation on a 100,000 people. As well as identifying the prognostic day-to-day basis is a reliable indicator of week-to-week importance of variability in blood pressure, the research and month-to-month fluctuations. showed that the different drugs used to treat high blood Also on the research agenda is the significance of blood pressure differed in their effects on variability, which cor- pressure variability in other brain diseases. In vascular related with their effectiveness in preventing stroke. ‘The dementia, which is also associated with hypertension, high variability in blood pressure looks again to be a predictor of What is a stroke? the condition; it may be that reducing variability can lessen Most strokes occur when the blood supply to the brain is the likelihood of vascular dementia developing. disturbed, resulting in loss of function. In the UK, around ‘The work on variability in blood pressure and other 150,000 people a year have a stroke and in half these cases work we have done recently, such as demonstrating the the stroke is either fatal or permanently disabling. While benefits of urgent investigation and treatment of patients stroke is most common in those over 65, the annual figure with transient ischaemic attacks (“mini-strokes”) and includes an estimated 20,000 people under the age of 45. minor strokes, and identifying the beneficial effect of Around three-quarters of strokes are due to ischaemia aspirin in preventing cancer, have taught me how big an – lack of blood flow to the brain because of a blockage – impact simple clinical research can have’, says Professor and the remainder result from haemorrhage (leakage of Rothwell. ‘All this work could have been tackled 30 years blood). Common problems after a stroke include: weak- Professor Peter Rothwell ago, but was neglected at least partly because new fields ness or paralysis; problems understanding other people, (right) discovered that like molecular and genetics were opening up. The or struggling to find words; difficulty in reading, writing variability in blood headline-grabbing laboratory-based work is great, but we or speaking; poor balance; and difficulty with mental pressure is a powerful also need to do the simple stuff if we really want to make risk factor for stroke processes such as concentration and memory. a difference in practice.’ 10 www..ox.ac.uk Annual Review 2009/10 Review Annual

11 Review 2009/10 2009/10 Review Annual Challenges in wonderland

To the families, tourists and school parties that flock requests from scholars all over the world for loans of From T. Rex there each year – now numbering more than half a specimens, and the task of preparing, identifying, classi- and trilobites, million visitors – the purpose of the Oxford University fying and cataloguing both the existing holdings and new Museum of Natural History must seem obvious. It is a acquisitions is never-ending. When they can, they go off to birds, ‘wonderland of natural history’ where examples of the into the field themselves, diving for shrimps, collecting rich diversity of the living inform and delight chil- beetles or digging for fossils. In 2010 the public had the bees and dren, such as those who chose it for Family privilege of seeing some of the most remarkable recent butterflies, Friendly Award in 2005. In 2009 it shared a Queen’s discoveries for themselves in the exhibition ‘Exceptional Anniversary Prize with the other Oxford museums and fossils from Chengjiang, China: Early animal life’. These the University libraries for their ‘outstanding quality and high public fossils of soft-bodied creatures representing more than Museum benefit’. The award was a well-deserved curtain-raiser 100 species are from the early Cambrian period, around for a year of public events celebrating the century and 525 million years old: the exhibition was the first to contains a half since the museum’s foundation in 1860. show them outside China. Yet its nineteenth-century purpose was very different. In addition to its academic work, the museum’s six million Championed by a few influential voices within Oxford, public role has been transformed in the past two dec- specimens led by the anatomist Henry Acland, the museum embod- ades. Under its first Director, Keith Thomson, and his ied a revival of science teaching and research in Oxford, successor Jim Kennedy, an enthusiastic team of edu- that represent largely moribund since the late seventeenth century. The cation and outreach staff has guided thousands of the rich ‘cathedral of science’, designed by Benjamin Woodward schoolchildren and families to discover the museum in the Italian Gothic style, opened its doors in time to for themselves. They have gone out into the local diversity welcome delegates to the Oxford meeting of the British community, taking exhibits to audiences who have Association for the Advancement of Science in June limited opportunities to come to the museum. Almost of life on 1860 (see box). It included offices, lecture rooms and all this activity was made possible by funding from the earth laboratories for the professors of medicine, comparative Renaissance in the Regions programme of the Museums, anatomy, zoology, geology, mineralogy, natural philoso- Libraries and Archives Council (MLA). Meanwhile, gener- phy () and chemistry. But science expanded so ous donors have helped to transform the overstuffed rapidly that the professors soon outgrew the museum. cases that once filled the court into attractive exhibits One by one they migrated to purpose-built laboratories that draw the visitor in to learn more about the dodo or in neighbouring Parks Road and South Parks Road. the Megalosaurus. If it is no longer the centre of science teaching and When Jim Kennedy retired as Director this year, he research in Oxford, what is the purpose of the museum was able to say that he had achieved his aim of making today? As Lady Heseltine, Chair of the Museum’s the museum ‘the public focus for science in Oxford and Advisory Board, said at the anniversary dinner in May: the friendliest place for the public in the University’. His ‘The most important work of the museum is invisible successor, Susan Iversen, recognises that there will be to the casual visitor. The research that goes on behind challenging times ahead, with projected cuts to University closed doors, the incredible collections – these are the funding including earmarked support for museums and inner heartbeat of the museum.’ Six million specimens, libraries. ‘We have a responsibility to maintain curation most of them secreted in storerooms far from the public of these internationally significant collections, to protect gaze, hold the answers to questions about the history biological specimens vulnerable to decay, and to exploit of the Earth and its living things, a fantastic resource at them for research’, she says. ‘And just as important are a time of biodiversity loss and environmental change. the activities for the wider community that are now such Curatorial staff spend much of their time answering an integral part of the museum’s daily life.’

Anniversary events in 2010 Other anniversary events have included: 4 ‘ A wonderland of natural history’: drawings and Delegates at the 1860 British Association meet- photographs documenting the early history of the ing were treated to a robust exchange of views museum on human descent between the Bishop of Oxford, 4 ‘A few of our favourite things’: chosen by the staff, Samuel Wilberforce, and ‘Darwin’s bulldog’, the biolo- now online at www.oum.ox.ac.uk/favouritethings gist Thomas Henry Huxley. The details are disputed, 4 the unveiling of a bust of Nobel prizewinner but the legend provides a wonderful entry point for Dorothy Hodgkin (1910–1994), and a première the idea of life’s common origins. In September 2010 of a play about her life the Vice-Chancellor unveiled a stone plinth commemo- 4 installations on the museum lawn: the CIAO! Ark rating the occasion, designed by local schoolgirl Poppy Project and the Ghost Forest Simonson and sculpted by Alec Peever, and hosted the 4 lecture series featuring David Attenborough, son et lumière and anniversary dinner. Richard Fortey and Tracey Chevalier 12 www.oum.ox.ac.uk 13 13 AnnualAnnual ReviewReview 2009/102009/10 Review 2009/10 2009/10 Review Annual Reaching out

Each year the University extends its efforts to attract for admissions tests and interviews. ‘This was very useful Undergraduate the best and brightest students, irrespective of their and made Oxford seem very “human”’, said one teacher applications for background, and to raise aspiration for higher education from Exeter. ‘It demystified the process – particularly 2010 entry among under-represented groups. A number of innova- interviews.’ tions have taken place during the past year in order to 4 applications to Taking science to the community reach out to the undergraduates of the future. the University The Oxford Science Tent was the brainchild of a member shot up by A UNIQ experience the University’s Widening Participation team, which 12 per cent Oxford launched the UNIQ summer schools in July 2010 works with children under 16 from the local area. As to more than to widespread publicity. This flagship outreach programme a scientist, she felt strongly that science was exciting 17,000 offered high-performing state school and college sixth- and fun and she wanted to communicate this to the 4 the percentage form students the chance to spend a week finding out community. The idea was piloted at the 2009 Royal of state school what life at Oxford is like. Students attended lectures County of Berkshire Show. Over the course of the week- applicants for in their chosen subject, lived in college accommodation, end, children visiting the tent were able to create soap 2010 entry was met current undergraduates and found out more about and bath bombs to take home with them, while members 63.6 per cent applying to Oxford, as well as engaging in a wide range of of the public built their own exploding volcanoes. Also compared to social activities ranging from open-air community theatre taking part were Marcus’ Marvellous Mathemagicians, a 60.8 per cent trips to a twilight tour of the Natural History Museum. group of mathematics students championed by Marcus in 2009 The UNIQ summer schools were supported by the News du Sautoy, the Charles Simonyi Professor for the Public 4 applications from of the World, which campaigned for young readers to Understanding of Science, and Chemistry Connect, the outreach arm of the Department of Chemistry. The first state school apply. The then Education Secretary Ed Balls was one of many MPs who pledged support for the programme and appearance of the tent in Oxford was at the Cowley candidates have promoted the opportunity to schools across the country. Road Carnival in July 2010, where it attracted more increased by 77 From more than 3,600 applications, 507 participants than 35,000 visitors, and the team is hoping that it will per cent over the were selected to participate in UNIQ. Student feedback become a regular feature at many more Oxfordshire past 10 years was overwhelmingly positive, with 95 per cent of stu- community events in the future. 4 offers to state dents reporting a more informed view of their subject and Digital recruitment tools school students feeling more confident that they would fit in at Oxford. The University continues to expand its range of digital for 2010 Sixty-nine per cent of participants have subsequently recruitment tools designed to help prospective students increased by applied to study in Oxford. find out more about the reality of studying at Oxford. The around two ‘It was a fantastic week that far exceeded my expecta- latest tools include a series of audio admissions tours for percentage tions. I feel much more confident that I would fit in if visitors to download from the Oxford University website points compared I was successful in gaining a place,’ said one participant. to 2009 onto their MP3 players. The tours, which take between 60 and 90 minutes, enable prospective students to 4 money spent on Regional outreach During the past academic year, the University has put in follow different routes around Oxford according to the outreach across place a regional outreach programme in order to simplify subject area they are interested in. They include col- the collegiate communication between the University and schools leges, departments and central University locations, and University in throughout the UK. Each Oxford college is now linked to tell listeners more about the University and about the 2009–10 a number of local authorities so that schools in each area admissions process. was around have a named point of contact within the University. The A series of animations, explaining the application £4 million scheme allows the University to get to know schools in process and helping students to understand the collegiate specific regions better and gives schools a more direct system, have also been made available for the first time. way of staying in touch. These use a fun and engaging style to capture the inter- The recruitment team also organised seven Regional est of the prospective students and to answer some of Teachers’ Conferences. These are designed to give teach- their most common queries. A video which explains what ers advice so that they can support their students who Open Days are all about and to assist students to make A UNIQ summer schools are applying to Oxford and help to break down any mis- the most of their visit was launched in August 2010. student examines one conceptions that might deter them from applying. Funded These new online initiatives are proving extremely popu- of the inhabitants of by the Helsington Foundation, the programme covers lar and the (undergraduate) admissions site is averaging Wytham Woods to learn all aspects of the admissions process from identifying 61,365 hits per day, representing an 13 per cent increase about insect ecology candidates to writing references and preparing candidates compared to the same time last year.

14 www.ox.ac.uk/admissions Annual Review 2009/10 Review Annual

15 Pioneering thinking that inspired

Review 2009/10 2009/10 Review Annual a worldwide campaign response

It is the most ambitious fundraising campaign ever 4  a £2.3 million gift from the Tasso Leventis ‘Some great mounted by a European university. Ambitious at any Conservation Foundation to establish a chair in people time, but especially so in an economic downturn. By the biodiversity end of the 2009–10 academic year, Oxford Thinking: 4  a pledge of £1.5 million from Dr Leonard Polonsky from across The Campaign for the had raised to support library digitisation initiatives as well as the planet £1 billion, with £240.4 million raised in 2009–10 alone the digital imaging facilities in the redeveloped – a considerable achievement by any , but par- New Bodleian Library – to be known as the Weston have been ticularly during a time of such economic uncertainty. Library when it reopens attracted to For the collegiate University, the challenge to reach the 4  a gift of £1 million from Sir Ronald Cohen for the minimum target of £1.25 billion continues, with the focus purchase and refurbishment of Exeter College’s our vision. on the three campaign themes: support for tutors and ‘Third Quadrangle’ on Walton Street research to help attract and retain the world’s finest aca- Together we demics; support for students so that the brightest and most The success of Oxford Thinking has been built on a are funding gifted students can flourish at Oxford regardless of their huge amount of hard work and activity both in the UK financial circumstances; and support for the University and around the world: everything from students playing solutions that environment, restoring, refurbishing, renovating and an enthusiastic part in telethon programmes to the Vice- upgrading existing buildings and developing new ones. Chancellor hosting major campaign events in international will really In each area there have been significant benefactions cities. There have also been continuing milestones in make a across a wide variety of disciplines. Examples in the latter terms of the impact on the University’s buildings and part of the academic year included: facilities, including completion of the new Earth Sciences difference.' building supported by campaign pledges exceeding £6 4  a gift of £350,000 from the Simons Foundation million. Dr James to fund two postdoctoral fellowships at the In the period covered by this review, nearly £60 million Mathematical Institute ($100 million) has been raised by a pioneering matched Martin 4  a pledge of £3 million to fund the Stanley Lewis funding challenge set by Dr James Martin. Already a Chair in Israel Studies hugely significant supporter of the University, Dr Martin 4  a pledge of £5 million over five years from the Li offered to match donations of at least $1 million up to a Ka Shing Foundation to battle infectious diseases total of $50 million for Oxford research projects aimed at in Asia solving some of the toughest challenges facing humanity

16 www.campaign.ox.ac.uk Annual Review 2009/10 Review Annual

in the twenty-first century. Dr Martin, one of the world’s Professor Andrew Hamilton. ‘It will give tomorrow’s most influential computer scientists, says: ‘When the leaders the best of Oxford’s traditional strengths Oxford Thinking matched funding scheme was announced, many people alongside new and practical ways of understanding and minimum target: said this is crazy timing as this is the worst economic addressing the challenges of good governance.’ £1.25 billion crash in recent history. The Oxford Vice-Chancellor The campaign has been notable for the variety of Amount raised and I disagreed with them. Foundations and wealthy donors it has attracted and for the range of gifts both 1 August 2004 to individuals do give money in bad times, if the cause is in terms of size and where they have come from. ‘The 31 July 2010: exceptionally important.’ Oxford Thinking Campaign has demonstrated the £1.009 billion* Dr Martin’s campaign pledge came in addition to an worldwide support for the University of Oxford’, says (*£1 billion original donation made in 2005 to set up the James Sue Cunningham, Director of Development, ‘Alumni confirmed in Martin 21st Century School (now renamed the Oxford and friends have provided the much needed support October following Martin School) with an endowment of $100 million. for the advancement of the University because of an input of Campaign The school supports work on subjects as diverse as the unprecedented commitment to excellence in teaching figures from the future of cities, brain manipulation and vaccine design. and research. This level of engagement will be critical for colleges) Interdisciplinary teams of researchers in the school are the future of Oxford colleges, departments, museums exploring issues such as global poverty and the impact and libraries.’ In campaign newsletters and updates the Number of donors of climate change; they will push forward the frontiers University has thanked all those who have made a con- 1 August 2004 to in innovative health and computer technologies, and tribution to Oxford Thinking. There have been a variety 31 July 2010: examine ways to prevent future economic crashes. of events and dinners, including the North American 26,665 In July 2010 Mr Leonard Blavatnik gave £75 million to Reunion in New York, where Michael Moritz and Harriet establish the Blavatnik School of Government; a historic Heyman were awarded the prestigious Sheldon Medal gift to create Europe’s first school of government. The – the University’s highest level of recognition for phi- School will train outstanding graduates from across the lanthropy – for their £25 million gift to Christ Church. Dr James Martin’s matched world in the skills and responsibilities of government. The Vice-Chancellor says: ‘Each gift adds to the pool funding scheme has raised This global outlook will reflect the strongly international of resources from which the University seeks to secure almost £60 million for character of Oxford’s graduate community, two-thirds of the present and build the future. Each gift also represents research projects aimed at whom are from overseas. 'The School represents a huge a tangible vote of confidence in what Oxford has been solving some of the toughest milestone in Oxford’s history’, said the Vice-Chancellor, and what it aspires to be.’ challenges facing humanity

17 Review 2009/10 2009/10 Review Annual Recognising students’ social commitment

Each year Oxford rewards its top athletes House, which formed part of the Encaenia dents in 2007 in order to promote and support with Blues and its most talented musicians celebrations on 23 June. ‘As a world-leading social action, philanthropy and volunteering. with instrumental scholarships. This year, for institution, Oxford should expect to make a Oxford Hub facilitates student involvement the first time, students who have worked to major impact on the world beyond its main in charities, social enterprises and in the local bring about positive change in the commu- achievements in teaching and research’, he community – and ensures that this work is nity, whether at home or abroad, have also said. ‘Recognising students who show a com- effective and sustainable.’ been recognised. The Vice-Chancellor’s Civic mitment to improving the quality of life for It was particularly keen to work with the Awards were granted to six students who others will help to promote active citizenship University to find a way to acknowledge stu- demonstrated outstanding social or environ- in the local community and the wider world.' dents’ achievements in this important area. mental commitment. The award scheme was proposed by and The award winners received leadership Professor Andrew Hamilton presented developed in partnership with the Oxford Hub, training and mentoring from Oxford alumni the inaugural awards at a lunch at Rhodes a student-led charity founded by Oxford stu- with experience in relevant fields.

Adam Grodecki to become a national network called Student as chairman of Student Hubs, getting the Founder and chairman, Hubs – with hubs in Bristol, Cambridge and organisation ready to roll out further across Student Hubs Southampton as well as in Sydney, and more the UK. He leads the charity’s strategic plan- than 14,000 members. The charity has the ning, business development and fundraising Adam Grodecki founded Student Hubs, a support of some of the UK’s leading gradu- and continues to be dedicated to its success. student-led charity working to promote and ate recruiters, including Barclays Capital, Man ‘I passionately believe that Oxford should support social action, philanthropy and vol- Group plc and Clifford Chance. Its community not only produce world-class brains, but also unteering in universities, while studying for a volunteering programme has launched 20 world-class citizens’, he says. theology degree at St Peter’s College. student-led projects and sent 800 student Adam first became aware that there were volunteers into the local community; and it problems with the way the charity ‘scene’ has set up a scheme which has placed more in Oxford operated while leading a UNICEF than 50 students in four- to eight-week work (United Nations Children’s Fund) group during placements in local charities and social enter- his first year. ‘There was a lack of student prises. It also runs the UK’s leading student engagement with social and environmen- conferences on international development, tal issues, and students were unaware of climate change and social entrepreneurship opportunities available to them for making a – which have been attended by more than difference’, he says. ‘The work taking place 3,000 students. was also highly disparate, and not as effective The students’ work is making an impact. or sustainable as it could be.’ One of Oxford Hub’s first community projects He realised these problems resulted from was Students Together to Improve Reading. a lack of support for social action at Oxford, Students help out in primary schools to and so in 2007 he and fellow students Adam support the reading development of some O'Boyle (St John's), Rachel Stephenson (St of Oxford’s most underprivileged children, John's) and John Mellor (Balliol) co-founded giving them the encouragement to read that Oxford Hub with funding from the Oxfordshire they often lack in their home environment. A Community Foundation, the Garfield Weston recent evaluation revealed that literacy rates Foundation and Barclays Capital. Their vision had improved by 10 per cent over the previ- was for the University to have ‘a flourishing ous year in one of the target schools. community of socially aware and socially ‘We’ve now reached a sort of critical mass’, active students who make a positive differ- Adam says, ‘where we have loads of incred- ence at home or abroad during their time at ible people working on all sorts of amazing university and in their future careers’. They projects, and new opportunities seem to also wanted to equip tomorrow’s social, polit- present themselves every day. It seems like ical, financial and commercial leaders with the the culture change we’re aiming at is starting knowledge, passion and skills they will need to manifest itself – although of course there to tackle the major social and environmental is a long way to go yet!’ challenges of the future. Adam, who recently completed his theol- Adam Grodecki Three years later, Oxford Hub has expanded ogy degree, is currently working full-time

18 www.oxfordhub.org/vcaward ‘In the nineteenth century, Oxford students set up Oxford House in East London, which accom- modated students while they helped out full-time in the local community – so it could be said that student volunteering in this country has it roots in Oxford’, explained Richard Jarman, Head of

Government and Community Relations within the 2009/10 Review Annual University. ‘In addition, “Raise and Give” (RAG), now a feature of many UK student universities, was created by Oxford students. The Vice-Chancellor's Civic Awards formally recognises the contribution our students are making to society locally, - ally and internationally. The Awards are a small token of how much the University appreciates our student body's community activity of every kind.’ The other students who received awards were: Suzie Sheehy Niel Bowerman While: in the second year of his physics degree at Linacre College, Neil founded Climate Justice Project, a national student-led Suzie Sheehy acceleration of particles, a ball which campaign focused on reducing carbon emissions, Co-founder, Accelerate! lights up a fluorescent tube as if by magic, and later co-founded Climatico, an independent and a Van de Graaf generator which makes network of climate change experts. Bowerman, What exactly does a particle physicist do? your hair stand on end. who is now studying for a doctorate in atmospheric, Why do they need huge machines like the Over the past two years, the volunteers oceanic and planetary physics, has given speeches Hadron Collider at CERN in Switzerland have presented the show to more than on climate change at institutions such as the World to investigate particles too tiny to see? 5,000 people throughout the UK, including Bank and the European Parliament, and Climatico was And how do you accelerate something school children and members of the public. recently named one of the most influential websites to 99.999999 per cent of the speed of They also took the show to the Big Bang on climate policy by Social Media Labs. light? These are just some of the questions Fair 2010 and the British Science Festival Rachel Dedman: An undergraduate studying History answered by the Accelerate! programme, 2010. Alongside the show, they run ses- of Art at St John’s Collge, Rachel was President of co-founded by postgraduate physics stu- sions for teachers and provide teaching aids the University charity committee RAG (Raise and dent, Suzie Sheehy. to help them weave the content into their Give) in 2009–10. In this role, she restructured Suzie moved to Oxford from Melbourne curriculum. and relaunched the society, organised the first ever in 2007 to study for a doctorate in particle ‘I believe science communication and University-wide charity ball, represented Oxford at physics at Lady Margaret Hall. Her research outreach are important for two reasons’, the National RAG Conference and raised more than focused on designing a new type of par- Suzie says. ‘First, it allows the public, who £50,000 for charities, including Helen and Douglas ticle accelerator for cancer treatment. She in most cases are funding the research, House, a local children’s hospice, and Shelter, the already had experience of inspiring young to understand, on their own terms, the homeless charity. ‘I am thrilled that the University people to get involved in science, having research being done and its implications; has recognised the hard work put into fundraising and worked at Scienceworks, a hands-on science and second, it inspires the next generation volunteering by so many students’, she says. museum in Melbourne, and on an outreach of students and helps create a scientifically programme, the International Physics and literate society that is able to understand Xin Hui Chan: A postgraduate medical student Laser Show, which brought ‘physics and fun’ and face the challenges of the future.’ at Lincoln College, Xin Hui came to Oxford from to around 50,000 Australian schoolchildren. In September 2010 Suzie submitted her Singapore. Her volunteer work while studying She conceived the idea of creating a free DPhil thesis and in November she will take took her to Kenya, Morocco, Bosnia and Georgia. interactive show about particle physics over up a three-year fellowship from the Royal As president of Medsin, the Oxford branch of coffee with Dr Emmanuel Tsesmelis of CERN Commission for the Exhibition of 1851. She the International Federation of Medical Student (the European Organisation for Particle will be investigating the use of high power Associations, she helped Oxford win the bid to host Physics). The pair then enlisted the help proton accelerators to create accelera- the Medsin National Global Health Conference. To of Professor Brian Foster, Suzanne's head tor driven reactors for safe, emission free promote understanding between different cultures, of department, and applied to the Science power. However, she is determined that her she also co-wrote the first ever OUSU International and Technology Facilities Council (STFC) outreach and communication work will con- Students’ Handbook and organised the inaugural for a Small Award for Public Engagement. tinue alongside her work in particle physics. Oxford International Festival. In July 2008, they received an award of ’The Vice Chancellor’s award was impor- Johanna Carys Roberts: A philosophy, politics £8,000 spread over two years and the tant to me, as it was an official recognition and economics (PPE) student at University College, first Accelerate! show was run in December of all the years of hard work I’ve put into Johanna contributed to her college’s access scheme, 2008. outreach and science communication’, Univ Ambassadors. She initiated and led student- The 45-minute show, run by postgradu- Suzie says. ‘It is also important because run Univ roadshows, as well as a PPE taster day for ate physics students from Oxford with it indicates that the University is serious sixthformers at comprehensive schools in Hackney. support from CERN and the STFC, includes about outreach. It is very encouraging to Johanna is also the founder and co-ordinator of levitating superconductors, exploding know that Oxford recognises the value of Maths Plus, a volunteer-led initiative through which hydrogen balloons, giant beach balls ‘riding’ outreach and encourages its students and university students spend one hour a week with an audience ‘Mexican wave’ to demonstrate staff to pursue these activities.’ underperforming school students, preparing them to take GCSE Maths. 19

Review 2009/10 2009/10 Review Annual Environmental sustainability

Initiatives Energy and CO2 emissions (0.5% of the University’s total CO2 emissions) – an Total CO2 emissions from buildings, business air travel, increase of 29 tCO2 (6.9%) compared to 2008/9. such as fleet vehicles and water were 87,630 tCO2 compared the mobile to 85,916 tCO2 last year – an increase of 2%. Building- Waste related energy consumption was 211,670,605 kWh The University conducted a waste baseline survey, and is cycle repair (generating 80,615 tCO2) compared to last year’s currently developing a waste strategy. Annual total non- scheme and 211,2376,530 kWh (generating 79,140 tCO2) – an hazardous waste collected by the University’s preferred annual increase of 1,475 tCO2 (1.8%). In the Biochemistry waste supplier was 1,994 tonnes. Of this, 1,523t went safe cycling building 3,500 kWh of on-site renewable energy was to landfill (compared to 1,794t last year) – a decrease generated from photovoltaic cells. of 271 tonnes (15%); 471t was recycled (compared to workshops Despite total CO2 emissions increasing by 2%, the 415t last year) – an increase of 56 tonnes (13%). The encourage University reduced its building-related emissions by 1.4% University reused a total of 2,196 items such as office per m2 of floor area. This is because the estate grew by furniture, laboratory equipment and stationery through University 18,000m2 due to the development of the Biochemistry the University ‘virtual’ Swap Shop. staff and building, the Ashmolean Museum extension and the Old Road Campus Research Building. Sustainable buildings students to In April 2010 the University signed up to the global The University aims to achieve BREEAM* Excellent rating 10:10 Campaign, setting a voluntary target of 10% for all new buildings and major refurbishments over get on their CO2 reduction between April 2010 and March 2011. £1 million. To date, four University buildings have rain- bikes The University financed departmental energy projects, water harvesting, increasing to six buildings in 2010/11. reducing 3,572 tCO2 through its Energy Conservation A ground source heat pump will be installed in 2010/11 Levy, and 524 tCO2 through the HEFCE and Salix Finance and another by 2011/12. A combined heat and power Revolving Green Fund. In addition, the University was (CHP) system will be installed in 2010/11. awarded funding from the HEFCE Leadership Governance and Management fund for ‘Midnight Oil’ – a study target- *Building Research Establishment Environmental ing the University’s energy use in 24-hour buildings. The Assessment Method University will publish a Carbon Management Strategy and revised CO2 reduction targets in 2011. Energy Total energy consumption & CO2 emissions* Travel and emissions During the year business air travel generated 6,199 tCO2 2008/9 t CO2 % 2009/10 t CO2 % (7%) of the University’s total emissions compared to last Electricity 57,432 66.9 Electricity 59,607 68.0 year’s 5,826 tCO2 (6.8%). The University’s 111 fleet Gas 16,641 19.4 Gas 16,462 18.8 vehicles generated 398 tCO2 (0.5%) compared to 110 Oil Oil vehicles generating 395 tCO2 (0.4%) last year. 186 0.2 152 0.2 (heating) (heating) Water Water Sustainable travel initiatives: 390 0.5 419 0.5 4  repaired 2,750 staff bicycles through the mobile (indirect) (indirect) cycle repair scheme Medium Medium temp hot temp hot 4 held four safe cycling workshops for more than 300 1,105 1.3 604 0.7 staff and students water water (gas) (gas) 4 provided staff pooled bikes for Old Road Campus, Heat the Estates Directorate, Nuffield Department of 3,775 4.4 Heat (gas) 3,790 4.3 (gas) Medicine and University Offices 4 developed a WebEx web based online meeting service University University for staff vehicle 395 0.5 vehicle 398 0.5 fleet fleet Business Business Water 5,826 6.8 6,199 7.0 3 air travel air travel The University consumed a total of 398,613m water – a decrease of 0.9% compared to 2008/9 (402,450m3). Total 85,750 100 Total 87,630 100 Indirect CO2 emissions from water accounted for 419 tCO2 * Includes data from the Land Agent and University-owned student accommodation The University’s environmental performance for energy, water, waste and travel from 2008/09 to 2009/10 covers the University only and does not include information relating to Oxford’s independent colleges and halls.

20 www.admin.ox.ac.uk/estates/environment Annual Review 2009/10 Review Annual

21 22 Annual Review 2009/10 Honorary degrees nvriy eoe onn Petc Hall Prentice in joining before University College, Oxford. He taught briefly at Exeter John’sSt study at History Modern to in DPhil a for on going University, Bristol at degree undergraduate his took Reece Dr havegreatbrought…’ us benefits labours publisher,whose ‘Outstanding Delegates PressUniversity Secretaryand to the ExecutiveOxfordChief of Former Reece Henry Lettersof Doctor Hamilton,presiding: the June, Vice-Chancellor, 12 Professor Andrew on degree conferred was honorary following The expansion of OUP’s global reach. Dr Reece is headed by spear- initiatives online new of range a of of National Biography, the successful launch of the new edition of the completion the Dictionary, English Oxford The period saw world. substantial investment the in the in press university largest the as position its consolidating Press growth, dous tremen University - saw OUP leadership, of years 11 Oxford (OUP) as Chief Executive joined in 1998. During his He Executive Director of Pearson Professional. became he 1995 In Group. Longman then 1991, in Pearson taking todirectorial roles at Pitman Publishing, moved Reece Dr mid-1980s). the in Hall Prenticeacquired 1979 te Smn Shse (which Schuster & Simon then , Oxford Scholarship Online and an Oxford Dictionary

book, ReformRegulationits and recentmost His . oad fetv Rs Regulation Risk Effective Democratic Toward Our Constitution; Interpreting Liberty: include publications at his Government Harvard, and of School School Kennedy Law the Harvard at Professor former A Clinton. Bill President by Supreme Court US the of Justice appointed Associate was an he 1994 In Committee. Judiciary subsequently Senate US the and of Counsel Chief Counsel Special and Force; Prosecution Special Watergate the for of Prosecutor General Special Assistant Attorney Antitrust; US Assistant to the Assistant Special Court; Supreme to US Clerk the of Goldberg as Arthur Justice served Associate has lawyer academic, and administrative Breyer, Justice …’ law the of interpreter judicious profoundly ‘A Court SupremeUS the Justiceof Associate JusticeStephen Breyer Law Civil of Doctor presiding. Barnes, of the Patten Lord Chancellor, Hon Rt the June, 23 on Encaenia at conferred were degreeshonorary following The honoraryfellowSt John’sof College. an and College Jesus fellowof emeritus an aig u Dmcay ok A Work: Democracy Our Making Breaking the Vicious Circle: Circle: Vicious the Breaking , AB , Active Active and

and Economics (PPE) as a Marshall Scholar. PoliticsreadPhilosophy, wherehe College, 2010. He is an honorary fellow of Magdalen September in published was Judge’sView, honorary fellow of Nuffield College. honorary fellowNuffield of an is He departments. government major innovation and strategies and chief scientific advisers in all science of introduction the including government, across opment Centre and a new emphasis on research and devel- University Enterprise schemes; Innovation Education Higher and the Science of Challenge, through establishment transfer the knowledge for major a boost science; basic of funding the in Among 2006. until increase an were post in achievements his held he Industry, position and a in Trade Innovation of Department and the appointed Science was of year Minister following 1997 the in Lords and of House the in seat his took He Chairman. and Chairman Deputy and became, successively, Finance Director, 1963 in plc Sainsbury J joined He School. Cambridge Business Columbia from College, MBA an has King’sand at psy- and chology history read Sainsbury Lord statecraft…’ inand ‘Abusiness in adept equally man Innovation)Scienceand Trade(Ministerfor Industry and of Department Secretarythe at ParliamentaryFormer Under- Lord Sainsbury of Turville FRS , MBA, Hon

Honorary degrees 2009/10 Review Annual

Doctor of Letters still an undergraduate, he published his first He began his career as a lecturer first in collection of poems. Other poems were medieval, then in modern, history at the Dame Eileen Atkins, DBE published during his time at Oxford in Isis, University of Manchester. In 1987 he was Actor The Oxford Guardian and Poetry Oxford. He appointed to a Chair at the University of ‘Light and glory of the English stage …’ has had a distinguished academic career in Nottingham before moving two years later Dame Eileen Atkins is one of the UK’s teaching and as a critic, and is University to the University of Sheffield, where he leading actors who is known both for her Professor Emeritus and Professor Emeritus was Professor of Modern History until his work in the theatre and for roles on the of Literature and Religion at Boston retirement in 2008. His publications include small screen and in film. Her many theatre University, Massachusetts, and former Popular Opinion and Political Dissent in honours include the Clarence Derwent Professor of at the the Third Reich: Bavaria, 1933–1945; The Award for her performance in Ionesco’s . While at Boston he ‘Hitler Myth’: Image and Reality in the Third Exit the King and two Olivier Awards for was, with Christopher Ricks, a founding Reich; and The Nazi Dictatorship: Problems her performances in Mountain Language co-director of the University’s Editorial and Perspectives of Interpretation, his and in The Unexpected Man. She has Institute. His work is the subject of study classic study of the historiography of the frequently performed on Broadway, her in its own right, and has been the subject Third Reich. His two-volume biography of greatest success being the adaptation of of numerous doctoral dissertations. Hitler, Hubris and Nemesis, redefined the Virginia Woolf’s A Room of One’s Own. Her Professor Hill’s awards include the study of the dictator and became an inter- television credits include the BBC costume Hawthornden Prize, the Geoffrey Faber national best-seller. drama Cranford (for which she won a Bafta Memorial Prize, the Whitbread Award for and an Emmy in 2008), Sons and Lovers Poetry and the Duff Cooper Memorial Lord Weidenfeld of Chelsea and The Duchess of Malfi; her films include Prize. In June he was elected Professor Co-founder and Chairman of the The Hours and Gosford Park. Dame Eileen of Poetry at Oxford, a post he took up in publishing firm Weidenfeld & is also a writer, and was the co-creator October 2010. Nicholson of the popular television series Upstairs, ‘Skilful publisher, who has brought Downstairs and The House of Eliott. She Professor Sir Ian Kershaw, FBA, FRHS pleasure to countless readers …’ has adapted Virginia Woolf’s Mrs Dalloway Professor Emeritus of Modern Lord Weidenfeld attended the University for the screen and turned the letters of History at the University of and the Diplomatic College of Vienna. Vita Sackville-West and Virginia Woolf into Sheffield He moved to in 1938, becom- a play, Vita and Virginia. ‘A great of bother medieval and ing a British citizen in 1946. In 1948 he modern history …’ Professor Geoffrey Hill, FRSL, FAAAS Sir Ian Kershaw is widely regarded as Poet and critic 4Left to right: the world’s leading authority on Nazi ‘Searcher of the depths, who sees what Henry Reece, Justice Stephen Breyer, Lord . He was an undergraduate at others have not seen ...’ Sainsbury of Turville, Dame Eileen Atkins, Professor the and a doc- Geoffrey Hill and Professor Sir Ian Kershaw Professor Hill read English at Keble College, toral student at Merton College, Oxford, where he is now an honorary fellow. While of which he is now an honorary fellow.

23 24 Annual Review 2009/10 Honorary degrees ed f h Dvso o Imnlg, and Immunology, of Division the of Head as latterly 1989, to 1952 from Research worked at the National Institute for She Medical agents. infectious to and proteins of to basis on responses immune molecular worklymphocyte-mediated the her understanding for celebrated nologist - immu Canadian a is Askonas Professor achievement…’ masterlyof ‘Ascientist medical Immunologist ProfessorBrigitteAskonas Scienceof Doctor StPeter'sof and StAnne's of Colleges. a peerage awardedin 1976. He is an was honorary fellow and honours European ous LordWeidenfeld recipientnumer- the of is Asia. Central and East Middle the Africa, dents primarily from Eastern Europe, North aroundpostgraduate 25 support year stu- each which Scholarships, Weidenfeld the OxfordInstituteand the launched 2007 In Strategic Dialogue, of which he is President. the independent think-tank, the Institute for European leading university institutions, ten including Oxford, and Europaeum, of association the an through both Europe, across dialogue open for campaigner a is de Chef and He Weizmann. Chaim Presidentto Cabinet Advisor Political in year as a Israel spent he 1949 In Nicolson. & co-founded the publishing firm Weidenfeld , FRS ,

nvriy ih n A n hsc, he physics physics, chemical in in doctorate a MA for read an with Columbia from University graduating After 1949. in States United the in arriving family, his ing the Nazi occupation, he left Poland with - surviv After Ukraine. in now Poland, then Professor Hoffmann …’ experts tothe it understanding of chemistry to the layman and given new explained has master,who wise ‘Most University Letters,Humane of CornellEmeritus ProfessorFrankRhodes T H Hoffmann, ProfessorRoald Academy of Sciences.of Academy National US the Foreignof a Associate and Immunologie; fur Gesellschaft Deutsche Société Française d’Immunologie the and of the of the Immunology, of of Society American Member Honorary an Sciences; a is She 1990. founding Fellow of the toAcademy of Medical 1989 from the Society of vice-president a was and Council She has twice served on the theRoyal Society’s of work Weatherall Institute the of Molecular Medicine. supports actively Oxford and at immunology on posi- profoundly influence a tive had has She UK. the in research immunology of development the in interest an take to and researchers, young particularly advise levels, all to at scientists retirement, her in continues, FAPS,FNAS was born in Zloczow, FAAAS, FAAAS, broadcaster.and writer,poet a also is AmericanHe Society. Chemical the of Medal Priestley Joseph the and Sciences, Chemical the in Award of Medal National Science,AcademyNational the Sciencesof the of award the his by and recognised been Chemistry, also have in achievements Prize Nobel the KenichiFukui,with awarded,wasjointly he 1981 In molecules. of structure the and mechanisms reaction organic with dealing knowledge of body enormous an of basis theoretical underpinning the as accepted the ‘Woodward of Hoffmann Rules’, which are development the to led reactions, cal B Robert chemi- for with rules symmetry Woodward,on research, His Emeritus. Letters Humane of Professor Rhodes T H went to he Cornell University, where 1965 he is now Frank In University. Harvard at Askonas andProfessor Roald Hoffmann Lord Weidenfeld of Chelsea, Professor Brigitte 4Left to right:

Honours and awards 2009/10 Review Annual

New Year’s Honours Professor Carol Robinson, FRS, Royal Society Roland Smith, Lincoln Professor of Classical Three Oxford academics were recognised: Professor and Dr Lee’s Professor of Chemistry, Archaeology and Art. Professor Valerie Beral, Professor of was awarded the for her ground- American Academy Epidemiology and Director of the Cancer breaking and novel use of mass spectrometry for The Vice-Chancellor, Professor Andrew Research UK Epidemiology Unit, was made a the characterisation of large protein complexes. Hamilton, was elected to join the American DBE for services to science. Dr Graeme Segal, FRS, of the Mathematical Academy of Arts & Sciences, one of America’s Professor Marcus du Sautoy, Charles Institute, was awarded the most prestigious honorary societies. Professor Simonyi Professor for the Public Understanding for his work on the development of , Hamilton was elected as a Foreign Honorary of Science and Professor of Mathematics, was and quantum field theory, bridging Member for his work in chemistry. made an OBE for services to science. the gap between physics and . Professor Katherine Blundell, Professor of Professor Bob Williams, Royal Society's Napier Sheldon Medal Astrophysics and University Research Fellow of Research Professor Emeritus, was made an MBE In March Michael Moritz and Harriet Heyman the Royal Society, won the for services to the community in North Oxford. were awarded the prestigious Sheldon Medal Award. – the University's highest level of recognition Queen’s Birthday Honours Professor Gil McVean, University Lecturer in for philanthropy – for their £25 million gift Four Oxford academics were recognised: Mathematical Genetics, was selected to give to Christ Church. The couple’s donation is the Professor Fergus Millar, FBA, FSA, Camden the Francis . largest financial gift in the college’s history and Professor Emeritus of Ancient History, was Dame Professor Jocelyn Bell Burnell, DBE, among the largest ever by an alumnus to an knighted for services to scholarship. FRS, FRAS, Visiting Professor in Astrophysics, Oxford college. Professor David MacDonald, Professor was awarded the Michael Faraday Prize and of Wildlife Conservation and Director of the Lecture in recognition of her excellence in Chancellor’s Court of Benefactors Wildlife Conservation Research Unit in the communicating science. In Michaelmas term 2009, seven new mem- Department of Zoology, was made a CBE for bers were admitted to the Court in recognition services to natural sciences. Four Oxford researchers were elected as of their generosity to the collegiate University. Dr Peter Carey, emeritus fellow of Trinity new : The benefactors admitted were: Graham College and co-founder of the Cambodia Philip Candelas, Rouse-Ball Professor of Sharp, Founder of the Helsington Foundation; Trust, was made an MBE for services to the Mathematics at the Mathematical Institute. Martin Smith, Founder and Partner of rehabilitation of the disabled in South East Asia. Georg Gottlob, Professor of Computing Oxford-based Beaumont Partners; Dr Elise Dame Valerie Beral, Professor of Epidemiology Science. Becket Smith, an arts administrator in the and Director of the Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Robert C Griffiths, Professor of Mathematical classical music world; Dr Lawrence Tseu, a was made a Companion of the Order of Australia Genetics. well-respected Hawaii dentist; Dr Catherine in the Australian Queen’s Birthday Honours list Ian Hickson, Professor of Molecular Oncology Wills, Trustee of the Dulverton Trust, as the for ‘eminent service to medicine and women’s at the Weatherall Institute of Molecular representative of the Dulverton Trust; health through significant advances in cancer Medicine. Christopher Lintott, partner of Penningtons research and epidemiology, through seminal British Academy Solicitors LLP, as the representative of the contributions to public health policy and as a Eight Oxford academics were elected as City Solicitors’ Educational Trust; and Peter mentor to young scientists’. new Fellows: Mather, Head of Country, UK and vice- Royal Society Eric Clarke, Heather Professor of Music. president, Europe Region at BP, as the The achievements of seven Oxford aca- Professor Robert Gildea, Professor of representative for BP. demics have been recognised by the Royal Modern History. In addition, eight members were honoured Society. Professor Cecilia Heyes, Senior Research with the new Chancellor’s Court of Benefactors Professor Sir David Cox, FRS, honorary fellow Fellow in Theoretical Life Sciences at All Souls Fellowship as a result of their exceptional of Nuffield College and Warden 1988–94, was College and in the Department of Experimental support for the University. The new CCB one of two recipients of the . He Psychology. Fellows are: Dr James Martin; Mr Paul was awarded the prize for his contributions to Terence Irwin, Professor of Ancient Philosophy Ramsbottom, representing the Wolfson the theory and applications of statistics. in the Faculty of Philosophy. Foundation; Mr Wafic Rida Saïd and Mrs Professor Allen Hill, FRS, of the Department Aditi Lahiri, Professor of Linguistics. Rosemary Saïd; Lord Sainsbury of Preston of Chemistry, was awarded the for Professor Emilie Savage-Smith of the Candover and Lady Sainsbury, representing his pioneering work on protein electrochemis- Faculty of Oriental Studies and Senior Research the Linbury Trust; Dame Stephanie Shirley, try, which revolutionised the diagnostic testing Consultant of the Bodleian Library. representing the Shirley Foundation; and of glucose and many other bioelectrochemical Michael Sheringham, Marshal Foch Professor Mr Guy Weston, representing the Garfield assays. of French Literature. Weston Foundation.

25 26 Annual Review 2009/10 New Headsof house t h Qens olg, xod Pir to Prior Oxford. College, Queen's The DPhil at his obtained and 1968, and 1965 between Corpus at History Modern read ProfessorCarwardine 2010. January 1 on took up office as President of Corpus Christi Oxford and Fellow of St Catherine’s at College, History American of Professor Rhodes rfso Rcad Carwardine Richard Professor College Christi Corpus 4’s ence,oftenhas and featured RadioBBC on sci- with engagement and understanding the in Maldives. He is also keen tsunami to promote public 2004 Day Boxing the of impacts environmental the investigating taskforce UN a of member a also was he and Rwanda, and Iraq as such countries to him taken has work This problems. mental pre-existingand conflicts chronic environ - Unit Assessment to investigate the environmental impacts Conflict of Post (UNEP) Programme Environment Nations United ancient restoring semi-naturalthewith works woodland.He for methods best woodland investigating the also is in and UK the changes in cover assess to Woodland Trust the with working currently is He concerns. policy international to local and microscopic the from the range interests of Principal as Brown’sOctober.Dr research1 on college office the up Linacre,took at tutor senior and fellow a and Sciences Plant in lecturer Brown, Nick Dr LinacreCollege Home Planet. Home FBA, ,

Academy. 2006 he was elected a Fellow of the British between the Revolution and the Civil War. In construction national American in religion American the Civil War). He is now working on a study of on non- work historical best the fiction for 1991 since annually won Prize Lincoln(awardedLincolnprestigious the him Abraham of biography His history. American nineteenth-century in University. Professor Sheffield Professor,Carwardine specialises at History of Rhodes Professor was he as appointment his ieCar f h Itrainl Press Academy.Radio the International of Fellow a and Board, the Executive Institute of former Vice-Chair a History, British Contemporary of Institute the of Member Board a is He in University.Harvard Fellowshipat Harkness First a Starredawarded was he this, Double Following History. a obtained he where Cambridge, at degree first his took affairs current and fromWestminster.journalism DamazerMr news BBC's the for was responsibleProgrammes, Political of he Head that, before and, Division News previously Assistant Chief Executive of the Deputy been was having He since2001. News BBC Directorof 2004, in BBC the Mr Damazer was appointed to his role with 2010. October 1 on Peter’sCollege St Master of as office up took 7, Radio and 4 Radio BBC of Controller Damazer , Mark Peter’sSt College

olg o 2 coe 21. Professor 2010. October 2 on College Society, took up office as Warden of Merton President and Physical Secretary Vice- of the pastthe Royal and Manchester at of University Mathematics Pure of Professor the Irish home rule question.rule home Irish the of elements the of one – century teenth higher education in Ireland in the late nine - Catholic of funding government for paign he completed a doctoral thesis on the cam - at St John's College, Cambridge, after which family to go to – he university read history in Walsall. His was the first generation in his educated at Queen Mary's Grammar School Ireland was Jonathan Sir Northern 2010. June in Executive the to powers justice and policing of devolution successful the after role that Permanent left He 2005. in appointed Secretary was and political process Ireland Northern the in state of secretaries four and ministers prime two supported has He director. political Office its as Ireland Northern the to 2002, in working mainly in years economics departments, 25 he moved, After career policy. public of a following aspects many spanned which Whitehall Oxfordin to comes Jonathan Sir 2010. October 1 on Keble of Warden as Northern office up took the Office, Ireland at Secretary Permanent i Jnta Phillips Jonathan Sir KebleCollege rfso Sr atn Taylor Martin Sir Professor College Merton KCB, , formerly FRS, ,

r lc Prochaska Alice Dr College Somerville Mathematics the of (Steeringgroup). of Review Chairman International became and Merit award Wolfson Society Royal a received he 2003 In given Fellowship. Senior was EPSRC year an same the in in and Society 1998, Mathematical London the President of became prize He Adams 1983. in the (shared) and Prize Whitehead awarded the PhD London Mathematical Society's a was he 1982 In London. College gaining King's at before Pembroke Oxford at College, Mathematics Professor read L-functions. Taylor associated iour variables can be determined many by the behav- in polynomials integral of zeros of properties geometric how demonstrated collaboratorshave his and particular,he in geometry: arithmetic of aspects various study to him led has research his recently Most 1986. fromin TrinityCambridge, College, moved he since Manchester at ics Taylorprofessorpurea mathemat- wasof New Headsof house n te nvriy f odns Institute London’s of University the and Archives administration, National the and museums from academic and in career research extensive an pursued has She Somerville. at studied she where Oxford, from History Modern her in DPhil her both and BA received September Prochaska Dr 1 2010. on College Somerville of Librarian at Yale, took up office as Principal FRHists, , University University

and ethics of culturalof restitution.ethics and history the and collections, international andsources primary stewardshipof the in and interestis currentspecial history.Her Irish Britain in and American British, modern unions for sources trade of history the include interests research Archives Her Trust. Churchill Winston the of Chair Center the of on for Research Libraries, Board and recently became the Council and National Archives, the Associations, Committee Library of Federation International the Standing of Manuscripts and Books Rare the chaired has Prochaska Dr of Library. British Director the at to Collections Special Research, Historical of ideas and in higher education policy policy education higher in and American ideas of history the in are interests academic His 2005. and of 1990 between University Polytechnic) Brighton (formerly the Brighton was of He 2009. Vice-Chancellor September in reported into the Future for Lifelong Learning, Inquiry which of Sir Commission the recently chaired David More 1996–7. in Dearing Lord by chaired Inquiry of Committee the UK in higher education, including as a member of developments to widely tributed con - has He 2010. October 1 on College TempletonGreen of Principal as office up took London, of University Education, Institute of the at Management Higher Education of Professor Watson, David Sir GreenTempleton College

ing and he has written numerous books, includ- Fellowship. In Education. TeachingawardedwasNational he a 2008 Higher into Research for Society the of President and Nuffield Foundation the of trustee a currently is He and Lifecourse (2005) Self-Study Institutional Managing the and Education 4Left to right: Dr Nic and Sir David Watson Sir Martin Taylor, DrAlice Prochaska Mark Damazer, Sir JonathanPhillips, Professor  (2000), Strategy Managing (2009). Morale of Question The k Brown, Professor , (2003), Higher 27

Annual Review 2009/10 28 Annual Review 2009/10 New appointments Georg Hollander, Full Professor of Molecular Paediatrics YearAcademic Professors Harvard Saïd Business School with at effect from 1 July. Management Business School, was appointed Dean of the Financial of PeterTufano ProfessorColemanSylvan C , School Business Saïd October. 1 on Affairs) External and Pro-Vice-Chancellor(Development of post the up Oxford, took at (Education) Division Sciences of Professor Medical of Head Associate and Psychology Watts Rawlins, Nicholas Pro-Vice-Chancellor 2011. January 1 from effect with Registrar appointed was Smith Herbert Oxford at Law Private English Professorof and Collections) Uni- versity and Services Academic (Education, Pro-Vice-Chancellor McKendrick , Ewan Registrar YearAcademic fellowKellogga becameof College. and March 1 on ProfessionalDevelopment Continuing of Director of post the up took School, Medical Warwick at Development Professional Continuing Masters and of Programmes Director Stokes, Adrian Dr Development ProfessionalContinuing Directorof YearAcademic Administrativeacademic and 2010 2009 2009 – – – 11 10 10

Vincent Crawford, Distinguished Professor PoliticalEconomy January.1 on CollegeMagdalen of of Professor appointed Biomedical Engineering and became a fellow was Oxford, at Engineering Biomedical in Foun- Lecturer dation Bellhouse Coussios, Constantin Engineering Biomedical The post is associated with All Souls was College. York, New appointed Slade Visiting Professor University, of Fine Art. Columbia at Archaeology and Art Eastern Near Ancient Professorof Porada Edith Bahrani , Zainab Art Fine YearAcademic fellowCollege.Mansfielda became of and September 1 on Materials Energy of sity, took up the James Martin Professorship Performance Materials Centre at Manchester Univer- Physical the of in Director and Reader Metallurgy Marrow, James Dr Materials Energy from2010.yearsFebruary 1 Schlumberger ProfessorVisiting for Mathematics of three appointed was University, Valpine De Professor England of at Harvard Lola Mahadevan , L Mathematics fellow of Jesus College.fellowJesus of of a became Professorand September 1 of on Paediatrics post the up took Japan, Tokushima, of University the at Professor Visiting Basel and Hospital at Children’s University Research of Head Switzerland, University, Basel at Paediatrics in Medicine 2010 – 11 of New College, with effect from Goldsmiths’4 January. appointed fellow a Literatureand English Professor of was Edinburgh, of University the at Literature English and Laura Marcus, Regius Professor of Rhetoric LiteratureEnglish fromJanuary.4 fellow of St Catherine’s College, with effect a and Modelling ProfessorMathematical of University of Arizona, Tucson, was appointed Alain Goriely, Mathematics Professor at the Modelling Mathematical period from 1 April to 30 September 2011. the for College Lincoln of fellow visiting and a Professor Visiting Newton-Abraham appointed was Hospital Addenbrooke’s Haematologist at Consultant Honorary and Cambridge of University the at Oncology Haemato- of Professor Green , Anthony ProfessorNewton-AbrahamVisiting College.fellowBalliol a of and ap- Professor was Visiting Eastman George pointed Medicine, of School York University New at Medicine Cardiovascular of Professor Charney H Leon Fisher, Edward ProfessorVisiting GeorgeEastman fellowGreenvisiting of a College. the International Visiting Professor for News of Media the and appointed columnist was Times , Financial a Engel, Matthew Media St Drummond Anne’s College, with effect from 1 appointed January. Professor was of Political Economy and a fellow Diego, of San of Economics at the , New appointments 2009/10 Review Annual

Materials Modelling at the University of New South Wales, Merton College, with effect from 1 October. was appointed Harold Vyvyan Harmsworth Nicola Marzari, Associate Professor of History of Ideas Computational Materials Science at the Visiting Professor of American History and a Kenneth Winkler, Professor of Philosophy Massachusetts , fellow of The Queen’s College. at , was appointed Isaiah Cambridge, was appointed Professor of Operations Management Berlin Visiting Professor in the History of Materials Modelling and a fellow of St Anne’s David Upton, Albert J Weatherhead III Ideas. The post is associated with a visiting College, with effect from 1 February. Professor of Business Administration at fellowship at Corpus Christi College. Contemporary Theatre Harvard Business School, was appointed American Government Trevor Nunn, theatre and film director, was American Standard Companies Professor of Alan Wolfe, Professor of Political Science, appointed Cameron Mackintosh Visiting Operations Management and a Student of Boston College and Director of the Boisi Professor of Contemporary Theatre. The Christ Church, with effect from 4 January. Center for Religion and American Public Life, post is based at St Catherine’s College. Social and Political Theory was appointed Winant Visiting Professor in German Language and Literature Jeremy Waldron, University Professor American Government and a fellow of Balliol Ritchie Robertson, Professor of German at Law School, was College for the period from 14 January to at Oxford, was appointed Taylor Professor appointed Chichele Professor of Social and 26 June 2011. of the German Language and Literature and Political Theory and a fellow of All Souls American Government a fellow of The Queen’s College, with effect College, with effect from 1 October. He Shira Wolosky, Professor of English and from 1 October. has been appointed initially on a 50 per cent American Literature, the Hebrew University Internet Governance and Regulation basis, while retaining his association with the of Jerusalem, was appointed Drue Heinz Viktor Mayer-Schoenberger, Director New York University Law School. Visiting Professor of American Literature for the Hilary term. and Associate Professor of Public Policy, American Government Information and Innovation Policy Re- Joseph White, Professor of Political Science European and Comparative Literature search Centre at the National University and Director of the Center for Policy Studies James Wood, Professor of the Practice of Singapore, was appointed Professor of at Case Western Reserve University, USA of Literary Criticism at , Internet Governance and Regulation and a was appointed Winant Visiting Professor in was appointed Weidenfeld Visiting Professor fellow of Keble College, with effect from 1 American Government and a fellow of Balliol in European and Comparative Literature. October. College for the period from 27 September He will be resident at St Anne's College Entrepreneurship and Innovation to 11 December 2010. throughout May. Linda Scott, Professor of Marketing Biodiversity at Oxford, was appointed Dubai Ports Katherine Willis, Professorial Research World Professor of Entrepreneurship and Fellow at Oxford's School of Geography Innovation and a fellow of Green Templeton 4Left to right: and the Environment and Professor II at the College, with effect from 1 October. E wan McKendrick, Nicholas Rawlins, Biological Institute, University of Bergen, Laura Marcus, Ritchie Robertson, American History Norway, was appointed Tasso Leventis Nicola Marzari and Katherine Willis Ian Tyrrell, Scienta Professor of History Professor of Biodiversity and a fellow of 29 Financial review 2009/10 Review Annual

Planning and finance Total expenditure increased by 2.0% to £885 million (2008/09: The University generated a surplus of £6.2 million (2008/09 £1.2 million). £867 million). The 2008/09 figure includes £15 million relating to the The small increase in the surplus was mainly because 2008/09 contained a impairment of Icelandic bank deposits (2009/10: £0 million). number of one-off gains and losses, notably the £14.7 million impairment Staff costs increased by 7.2% to £469 million (2008/09: £438 million) of Icelandic bank deposits that was partly offset by one-off investment and were equivalent to 53.0% of total expenditure (2008/09: 50.5%). gains and endowment reclassifications. This increase resulted from an annual negotiated pay settlement of 0.5%

2009/10 2008/09 in October 2009, annual promotional salary increments, early retirement £’m £’m charges, an increase in the pension charge and an increase in staff numbers. Income 880 863 Expenditure (885) (852) The increase in staff numbers and costs is driven partly by the increase Impairment of Icelandic bank deposits – (15) in research activity and is therefore matched by higher research income. (Deficit) before donation of heritage assets (5) (4) Donation of heritage assets & minority interests – 1 Other operating expenses amounted to £360 million, a decrease of Transfer from expendable endowments 11 4 2.1%. Major factors explaining the decrease include a reduction in energy Surplus for the year retained within general reserves 6 1 prices and lower revenue expenditure on capital projects. Year-on-year income Depreciation has increased from £44 million in 2008/09 to £52 million Total income increased by 2.0% to £880 million (2008/09: £863 million) in 2009/10, due to the addition of new buildings, the largest of which is the

400 newly refurbished Ashmolean Museum, opened in November 2009, and 2009/10 350 2008/09 new equipment.

300 Icelandic bank deposits

250 In autumn 2008, a number of Icelandic banks went into administration,

200 including three with which the University held deposits. The University currently has £26 million of fixed-term deposits with these banks and 150 debtors include a further £3 million of accrued interest in relation to these 100 deposits. The University is working together with other affected bodies 50 to recover these amounts. The financial statements for the year ended 31 0 HEFCE/TDA Academic fees Research grants Other income Investment July 2009 included an impairment of £15 million relating to the Icelandic grants and contracts income bank deposits. The amount ultimately to be recovered remains uncertain Research grants and contracts continue to be the largest source of income and to a large extent will be determined by the outcome of legal action to the University, most of which was matched by related expenditure and now being taken in Iceland. increased by 7.8% to £367 million. Grants from the Higher Education Funding Council for England (HEFCE) Cashflow represent the second largest source of University income and amounted The net cash outflow, before use of liquid resources and financing for the to £203 million, up by 3.9%. year, was £17 million and compares with an outflow of £52 million in the Academic fees and support grants amounted to £137 million, up by previous year. The net cash outflow is largely the result of a switch from 11.9% as a result of increased student numbers and revisions to fees current asset investments to fixed asset investments as the University charged for some courses. places more of its investments into the new Oxford Capital Fund. Endowment and investment income decreased by 32.6% to £25 million. Balance sheet The 2008/09 figure of £37 million included a one-off investment gain 31/07/10 31/07/09 arising from the sale of University-owned investments as part of the £’m £’m ongoing change in investment allocation strategy. Compared with Fixed asset 1,275 1,129 Endowment assets 629 585 2008/09, the level of interest income is also reduced primarily as a result Net other liabilities (103) (100) of lower average rates of interest. Net assets 1,801 1,614

University Income 2009/10

Other The balance sheet shows an increase in net assets of 11.6%, from income £1,614 million to £1,801 million. Fixed asset cost (including heritage assets and fixed asset investments) increased by £146 million, reflecting Investment 17% income 3% Research grants the continued building programme to support the University’s expanding 42% and contracts research base and an increase in longer-term fixed asset investments in University Expenditure 2009/10 the Oxford Capital Fund. Significant capital expenditure was incurred on 23% Other operating costs a number of projects in 2009/10, including the completion of the new HEFCE/ TDA grants 15% £27 million book storage facility at Swindon and demolition and site 15% Depreciation clearance was completed at the Radcliffe Observatory Quarter, where 6% Academic fees JRAM site infrastructure works have now commenced. In December 2009, payments to 5% Research grants colleges 53% and contracts Her Majesty The Queen officially opened the new Ashmolean Museum 6% Premises following a major multi-million pound refurbishment. Endowment funds increased in total value from £585 million to 15% £629 million as a result of stronger equity markets. New funds invested Other research costs during the year amounted to £18 million. www.ox.ac.uk/financial_statements 35 Annual Review 2009/10 2009/10 Review Annual External research funding

For the range, intensity and quality of its research and the scale Oxford’s research funding 2009/10 of its cross-disciplinary work and collaboration, the University of Oxford has few peers anywhere worldwide. Much of this activity Research Councils £112.9m and its impact in intellectual, social, cultural and economic terms, UK Charity £112.7m depends on external funding. During 2008/9 (the most recent UK Industry £14.1m reporting period for which the Higher Education Statistics Agency European Commission & other EU has published financial results across the UK sector) Oxford secured £24.4m Government Bodies more external funding than any other UK university. In 2009/10, its external research income stood at £367 million, representing an UK Government & Health Authorities £38.1m increase of 8% on the previous financial year. Other UK and Overseas Sources £64.8m In addition to this £367 million funding from external sources, the Total External Research Funding £367.0m Higher Education Funding Council for England (HEFCE) provides an additional block grant for research to support research infrastruc- HEFCE Research Funding £119.4m ture, including the salaries of permanent academic staff, premises, Total Funding for Research £486.4m libraries and central computing costs. Overall funding for research received from HEFCE in 2009/10 totalled £119 million, the larg- est component of which was allocated by HEFCE on the basis of Oxford’s outstanding results in the 2008 Research Assessment Exercise (RAE). The UK charity sector and the UK Research Councils are the larg- est sources of competitive research funding to Oxford. The scale and diversity of charity funding for research not only at Oxford but also at many UK universities is a very special feature of the national landscape. Support comes from across the UK charity sector, from the largest funders, such as the Wellcome Trust, Cancer Research UK, British Heart Foundation and the Leverhulme Trust, as well as a large number of smaller charities whose support is equally important and valued. The University greatly appreciates this aspect of the charities’ work and the generous support provided by their donors, volunteers and staff. Research funding from overseas, especially from the European Commission and various public and charitable agencies in the USA, continues to grow very strongly, marking a continued diversification of Oxford’s research funding profile. Oxford also receives significant research funding from business and from government departments (often to support collaborative research). It is this external funding for research, major programmes, pro- jects, fellowships, studentships, travel, equipment and more which is so important in facilitating world-class research at Oxford and its application for public benefit. The University would like to acknowledge warmly not only these organisations, but also all those external parties that provide research funding to the University.

36 www.ox.ac.uk/financial_statements student community.largestcomefrom:internationalstudent groupsThe students of cometoStudentsOxford territories,countriesfromand 145 creating vibrant diversea and nationality Studentsby 2. Total1. students Appendices Studentnumbers South Netherlands Malaysia KoreaSouth Greece Poland Singapore France Ireland Australia Germany KongHong and China Total Notknown International (excl.UK) EuropeanUnion Unit USA Men Total Women ed Kingdom ed

UNDERGRADUATES UNDERGRADUATES UNDERGRADUATES 11,766 10,051 11,766 5,497 6,269 196 294 122 978 731 27 47 53 20 73 94 67 79 35 33 55 39 6 6 P ostgraduate POSTGRADUATE P ostgraduate 2009/10 T TAUGHT T a a 3,688 1,647 2,041 ught 3,688 1,392 1,562 ught 206 167 489 141 132 719 47 19 27 35 41 39 49 54 64 83 47 15 P ostgraduate POSTGRADUATE P ostgraduate R RESEARCH R esearch esearch 5,013 1,970 2,013 1,020 5,013 2,092 2,921 268 252 466 108 143 120 196 40 64 48 95 41 27 68 61 63 10 R R ecognised RECOGNISED ecognised V V VISITING isiting O isiting O OTHER ther ther 2 1,397 320 6 20,928 461 399 6 20,928 461 0 11,438 254 207 25 19 11 013,423 10 48 2 1 4 1 1 3 8 3 2 4 4 - -

T T 4,952 2,518 TOTAL 9,490 o o 695 732 116 131 132 151 156 163 192 194 210 261 320 378 116 tal tal

35 Visiting Recognised Other Postgraduate Research Postgraduate Taught Undergraduates Not known International European Union(excl. UK) 37

Annual Review 2009/10 38 Annual Review 2009/10 Appendices 3. Undergraduates3. Total 52. Certificate in Theology/Bachelor in Theology in Certificate Theology/Bachelor 52. in EducationContinuingCertificates Diplomas 51. and Theology 50. Physiology and Philosophy Psychology, 49. SciencesPhysiological 48. Philosophy and Physics 47. Physics 46. Theology and Philosophy 45. Philosophy,EconomicsPolitics44. and Languages Modern and Philosophy 43. OrientalStudies42. Music 41. Linguistics and Languages Modern 40. Languages Modern 39. (Pre-clinical,Medicine 38. Graduate& Clinical Entry) Statisticsand Mathematics 37. Philosophy and Mathematics 36. Computerand Science Mathematics 35. Mathematics 34. Materials33. Science Materials,Management32. Economicsand Literae31. Humaniores Europein Law Jurisprudencewith 30. Jurisprudence29. SciencesHuman 28. Art Historyof 27. PoliticsHistoryand 26. Languages Modern Historyand 25. English Historyand 24. EconomicsHistoryand 23. History22. Sciences Geology/Earth 21. Geography20. Art Fine 19. Psychology Experimental 18. EuropeanEastern17. Middle and Languages Languages Modern and English 16. English 15. ScienceEngineering 14. ManagementEconomicsand Engineering, 13. Computerand ScienceEngineering 12. ManagementEconomicsand 11. Computer10. Science OrientalStudiesand Classics 9. Languages Modern and Classics 8. English and Classics 7. HistoryAncient and ClassicalArchaeology 6. Chemistry 5. SciencesBiological 4. Cellular and Biochemistry,Molecular 3. Anthropology and Archaeology 2. HistoryModern and Ancient 1.

11,766 724 554 263 715 318 357 111 413 150 615 727 160 201 693 966 111 599 100 445 124 563 143 720 118 249 160 42 95 73 74 10 37 26 60 63 54 99 73 55 81 72 75 79 71 13 99 34 67 22 27 62 4 4. Postgraduates4. Total EducationContinuing Humanities Sciences Life& Mathematical,Physical SciencesSocial M edical Sciencesedical P ostgraduate T a 3,688 1,894 ught 202 709 698 185 P ostgraduate R esearch ,1 8,701 5,013 3,081 1,187 ,0 1,210 1,008 ,0 1,701 1,949 1,003 1,764 1760 51 T o tal For further information please contact: The University of Oxford Public Affairs Directorate University Offices Wellington Square Oxford OX1 2JD Telephone: +44 (0)1865 270010 Annual Review Facsimile: +44 (0)1865 280535 Email: [email protected] Website: www.ox.ac.uk/publicaffairs 2009/10