DOCSLIB.ORG

Review of Species Affected by Cop16 Nomenclature Changes and Which Are Subject to EU Decisions

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Review of Species Affected by Cop16 Nomenclature Changes and Which Are Subject to EU Decisions Review of species affected by CoP16 nomenclature changes and which are subject to EU decisions (Version edited for public release) Prepared for the European Commission Directorate General Environment Directorate E - Global & Regional Challenges, LIFE ENV.E.2. – Global Sustainability, Trade & Multilateral Agreements by the United Nations Environment Programme World Conservation Monitoring Centre November, 2013 UNEP World Conservation Monitoring Centre 219 Huntingdon Road Cambridge CB3 0DL United Kingdom Tel: +44 (0) 1223 277314 Fax: +44 (0) 1223 277136 Email: [email protected] Website: www.unep-wcmc.org PREPARED FOR The United Nations Environment Programme World Conservation Monitoring Centre (UNEP- The European Commission, Brussels, Belgium WCMC) is the specialist biodiversity assessment centre of the United Nations Environment DISCLAIMER Programme (UNEP), the world’s foremost The contents of this report do not necessarily reflect intergovernmental environmental organisation. the views or policies of UNEP, contributory The Centre has been in operation for over 30 years, organisations or editors. The designations combining scientific research with practical policy employed and the presentations do not imply the advice. The Centre's mission is to evaluate and expressions of any opinion whatsoever on the part highlight the many values of biodiversity and put of UNEP, the European Commission or authoritative biodiversity knowledge at the centre contributory organisations, editors or publishers of decision-making. Through the analysis and concerning the legal status of any country, territory, synthesis of global biodiversity knowledge the city area or its authorities, or concerning the Centre provides authoritative, strategic and timely delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. The information for conventions, countries and mention of a commercial entity or product in this organisations to use in the development and publication does not imply endorsement by UNEP. implementation of their policies and decisions. UNEP-WCMC provides objective and scientifically © Copyright: 2013, European Commission rigorous procedures and services. These include ecosystem assessments, support for the implementation of environmental agreements, global and regional biodiversity information, research on threats and impacts, and the development of future scenarios. CITATION UNEP-WCMC. 2013. Review of species affected by CoP16 nomenclature changes and which are subject to EU decisions . UNEP-WCMC, Cambridge. Table of Contents Introduction to the species sheets ......................................................................................................... 4 SPECIES: Trioceros sternfeldi ......................................................................................................... 5 SPECIES: Phelsuma dorsivittata .................................................................................................... 9 SPECIES: Phelsuma parva ............................................................................................................ 13 SPECIES: Candoia paulsoni ......................................................................................................... 17 SPECIES: Gopherus morafkai ....................................................................................................... 23 Annex I: Key to purpose and source codes ....................................................................................... 30 Introduction Introduction to the species sheets The changes in nomenclature that result from the adoption of new Standard Nomenclature references at CITES CoP16 (Resolution Conf. 12.11 Rev. CoP16) have affected a number of taxa subject to current EU decisions and in some instances further scrutiny was considered to be required to ensure that the relevance of the original decisions is maintained. This report presents reviews of the conservation status and trade of those of cases where further analysis of the species status was found to be needed. On the basis of the Overview of the impact of CITES CoP16 nomenclature changes on current EU decisions (SRG 65), five taxa were selected for more in-depth review: - Trioceros sternfeldi from United Republic of Tanzania; - Phelsuma dorsivittata from Madagascar; - Phelsuma parva from Madagascar; - Candoia paulsoni from Indonesia and Solomon Islands; and - Gopherus morafkai from Mexico and United States of America. In most cases, CITES trade data was not available for the taxa recognised post-CoP16 and data represents the status pre-CoP16. Trioceros sternfeldi REVIEW OF SPECIES AFFECTED BY COP16 NOMENCLATURE CHANGES AND WHICH ARE SUBJECT TO EU OPINIONS REPTILIA CHAMAELEONIDAE SPECIES: Trioceros sternfeldi SYNONYMS: Chamaeleo sternfeldi, Chamaeleon bitaeniatus graueri, Chamaeleon bitaeniatus rudis, Chamaelen bitaeniatus tornieri, Chamaeleon burgeoni, Chamaeleo [n] rudis, Chamaeleo rudis sternfeldi RANGE STATES: United Republic of Tanzania RANGE STATE UNDER REVIEW: United Republic of Tanzania IUCN RED LIST: Not evaluated PREVIOUS EC OPINIONS: All opinions originally formed for Chamaeleo rudis , from which Trioceros sternfeldi was split following CoP16. Current positive opinion for all wild-sourced specimens from the United Republic of Tanzania first applied on 23/06/1999 and last confirmed on 14/09/2010. TRADE PATTERNS: United Republic of Tanzania: Tanzania has published a CITES export quota for wild-sourced Trioceros rudis sensu lato every year from 1997 onwards, and for F1 specimens every year from 2003 onwards, with the exception of 2010 when a quota for captive-bred specimens was published (Table 1). Given that T. rudis sensu stricto is not known to occur in Tanzania, it is likely that all trade reported as T. rudis originating in Tanzania is in the species T. sternfeldi . The quota for wild-sourced specimens was exceeded according to data reported by Tanzania in 2003, and according to data reported by importers in every year 2003-2009. Trade remained within the quotas for source ‘F’ and ‘C’ specimens in every year 2003-2011. Tanzania specified that its CITES annual report for the year 2003 was compiled on the basis of actual trade. Tanzania’s CITES annual reports for 2007 and 2012 have not yet been received; trade data for 2013 are not yet available. Table 1. CITES export quotas for Trioceros rudis from the United Republic of Tanzania and global direct exports, as reported by the importers and exporter, 2003-2013. All trade was in live specimens; no trade in captive-bred specimens was reported in 2010 (trade to which no quota applies in any given year is greyed out). The United Republic of Tanzania’s CITES annual reports for 2007 and 2012 have not yet been received; trade data for 2013 are not yet available. Source 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 W Quota (wild-taken) 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000§ 1000§ Importer 2182 1474 1312 1944 3440 2595 1428 821 743 Exporter 1110 657 940 972 877 1000 966 516 F Quota (F1 specimens) 353 310 240 264 238 244 321 321 ♦ 321 350 178 Importer 92 192 145 51 105 150 85 60 Exporter 186 40 197 47 80 68 30 Key: § = applies to live specimens only; ♦ = applies to live, captive-bred specimens Trioceros sternfeldi Direct trade from Tanzania reported as T. rudis 2003-2012 consisted exclusively of live specimens, the majority wild-sourced and traded for commercial purposes (Table 2). Notable quantities of source ‘F’ specimens were also traded, while small quantities of captive-bred and ranched specimens were reported in trade by importers only in 2004 and 2006, respectively. Importers also reported small numbers of seized/confiscated live specimens in 2003-2004. Trade reported by importers exceeded trade reported by Tanzania in every year 2003-2011, with the exception of 2010. According to importer-reported data, trade peaked in 2007 and subsequently declined in every year. Imports to the EU-28 from all sources accounted for 37 per cent of total global direct imports from Tanzania reported as T. rudis over the period 2003-2011, according to importer-reported data. Trade data by EU Member State is available here: https://db.tt/0cd8m7Ur . Indirect exports originating in Tanzania to the EU-28 reported as T. rudis consisted of six live, wild- sourced specimens re-exported via Canada in 2003 for commercial purposes, reported by Canada only. Table 2. Direct exports reported as Trioceros rudis from the United Republic of Tanzania to the EU-28 (EU) and the rest of the world (RoW), 2003-2011. All trade was in live specimens. The United Republic of Tanzania’s CITES annual reports for 2007 and 2012 have not yet been received; no trade was reported in 2012. Importer Source Purpose Reported by 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 Total ECMember W B Importer 20 20 Exporter T Importer 769 695 569 499 1016 781 426 442 312 5509 Exporter 467 308 322 309 462 351 412 182 2813 Z Importer Exporter 20 20 F T Importer 92 192 140 45 40 100 60 40 709 Exporter 111 40 176 11 30 48 416 I - Importer 31 59 90 Exporter RoW W B Importer 11 11 Exporter T Importer 1413 779 732 1425 2424 1780 1002 379 431 10365 Exporter 643 349 618 663 415 649 534 334 4205 Z Importer 34 34 Exporter F T Importer 5 6 65 50 25 20 171 Exporter 75 21 36 50 20 30 232 C B Importer 14 14 Exporter R T Importer 50 50 Exporter Subtotals W Importer 2182 1474 1312 1944 3440 2595 1428 821 743 15939 Exporter 1110 657 940 972 877 1000 966 516 7038 F Importer 92 192 145 51 105 150 85 60 880 Exporter 186 40 197 47 80 68 30 648 C Importer 14 14
Load more

Recommended publications
  • AC26 Doc. 20 Annex 1 English Only / Únicamente En Inglés / Seulement En Anglais
    AC26 Doc. 20 Annex 1 English only / únicamente en inglés / seulement en anglais Fauna: new species and other taxonomic changes relating to species listed in the EC wildlife trade regulations January, 2012 A report to the European Commission Directorate General E - Environment ENV.E.2. – Environmental Agreements and Trade by the United Nations Environment Programme World Conservation Monitoring Centre AC26 Doc. 20, Annex 1 UNEP World Conservation Monitoring Centre 219 Huntingdon Road Cambridge CB3 0DL United Kingdom Tel: +44 (0) 1223 277314 Fax: +44 (0) 1223 277136 Email: [email protected] Website: www.unep-wcmc.org CITATION ABOUT UNEP-WORLD CONSERVATION UNEP-WCMC. 2012. Fauna: new species and MONITORING CENTRE other taxonomic changes relating to species The UNEP World Conservation Monitoring listed in the EC wildlife trade regulations. A Centre (UNEP-WCMC), based in Cambridge, report to the European Commission. UNEP- UK, is the specialist biodiversity information WCMC, Cambridge. and assessment centre of the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), run PREPARED FOR cooperatively with WCMC, a UK charity. The Centre's mission is to evaluate and highlight The European Commission, Brussels, Belgium the many values of biodiversity and put authoritative biodiversity knowledge at the DISCLAIMER centre of decision-making. Through the analysis and synthesis of global biodiversity The contents of this report do not necessarily knowledge the Centre provides authoritative, reflect the views or policies of UNEP or strategic and timely information for contributory organisations. The designations conventions, countries and organisations to use employed and the presentations do not imply in the development and implementation of the expressions of any opinion whatsoever on their policies and decisions.
    [Show full text]
  • Volume 2. Animals
    AC20 Doc. 8.5 Annex (English only/Seulement en anglais/Únicamente en inglés) REVIEW OF SIGNIFICANT TRADE ANALYSIS OF TRADE TRENDS WITH NOTES ON THE CONSERVATION STATUS OF SELECTED SPECIES Volume 2. Animals Prepared for the CITES Animals Committee, CITES Secretariat by the United Nations Environment Programme World Conservation Monitoring Centre JANUARY 2004 AC20 Doc. 8.5 – p. 3 Prepared and produced by: UNEP World Conservation Monitoring Centre, Cambridge, UK UNEP WORLD CONSERVATION MONITORING CENTRE (UNEP-WCMC) www.unep-wcmc.org The UNEP World Conservation Monitoring Centre is the biodiversity assessment and policy implementation arm of the United Nations Environment Programme, the world’s foremost intergovernmental environmental organisation. UNEP-WCMC aims to help decision-makers recognise the value of biodiversity to people everywhere, and to apply this knowledge to all that they do. The Centre’s challenge is to transform complex data into policy-relevant information, to build tools and systems for analysis and integration, and to support the needs of nations and the international community as they engage in joint programmes of action. UNEP-WCMC provides objective, scientifically rigorous products and services that include ecosystem assessments, support for implementation of environmental agreements, regional and global biodiversity information, research on threats and impacts, and development of future scenarios for the living world. Prepared for: The CITES Secretariat, Geneva A contribution to UNEP - The United Nations Environment Programme Printed by: UNEP World Conservation Monitoring Centre 219 Huntingdon Road, Cambridge CB3 0DL, UK © Copyright: UNEP World Conservation Monitoring Centre/CITES Secretariat The contents of this report do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of UNEP or contributory organisations.
    [Show full text]
  • Literature Cited in Lizards Natural History Database
    Literature Cited in Lizards Natural History database Abdala, C. S., A. S. Quinteros, and R. E. Espinoza. 2008. Two new species of Liolaemus (Iguania: Liolaemidae) from the puna of northwestern Argentina. Herpetologica 64:458-471. Abdala, C. S., D. Baldo, R. A. Juárez, and R. E. Espinoza. 2016. The first parthenogenetic pleurodont Iguanian: a new all-female Liolaemus (Squamata: Liolaemidae) from western Argentina. Copeia 104:487-497. Abdala, C. S., J. C. Acosta, M. R. Cabrera, H. J. Villaviciencio, and J. Marinero. 2009. A new Andean Liolaemus of the L. montanus series (Squamata: Iguania: Liolaemidae) from western Argentina. South American Journal of Herpetology 4:91-102. Abdala, C. S., J. L. Acosta, J. C. Acosta, B. B. Alvarez, F. Arias, L. J. Avila, . S. M. Zalba. 2012. Categorización del estado de conservación de las lagartijas y anfisbenas de la República Argentina. Cuadernos de Herpetologia 26 (Suppl. 1):215-248. Abell, A. J. 1999. Male-female spacing patterns in the lizard, Sceloporus virgatus. Amphibia-Reptilia 20:185-194. Abts, M. L. 1987. Environment and variation in life history traits of the Chuckwalla, Sauromalus obesus. Ecological Monographs 57:215-232. Achaval, F., and A. Olmos. 2003. Anfibios y reptiles del Uruguay. Montevideo, Uruguay: Facultad de Ciencias. Achaval, F., and A. Olmos. 2007. Anfibio y reptiles del Uruguay, 3rd edn. Montevideo, Uruguay: Serie Fauna 1. Ackermann, T. 2006. Schreibers Glatkopfleguan Leiocephalus schreibersii. Munich, Germany: Natur und Tier. Ackley, J. W., P. J. Muelleman, R. E. Carter, R. W. Henderson, and R. Powell. 2009. A rapid assessment of herpetofaunal diversity in variously altered habitats on Dominica.
    [Show full text]
  • Calabaria and the Phytogeny of Erycine Snakes
    <nological Journal of the Linnean Socieb (1993), 107: 293-351. With 19 figures Calabaria and the phylogeny of erycine snakes ARNOLD G. KLUGE Museum of <oolog~ and Department of Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mr 48109 U.S.A. Receiued October 1991, revised manuscript accepted Mar I992 Two major subgroups of erycine snakes, designated Charina and Eyx, are delimited with a cladistic analysis of 75 morphological characters. The hypotheses of species relationships within the two clades are (reinhardtii (bottae, triuirgata) ) and (colubrinus, conicus, elegans, jayakari, muellen’, somalicus (miliaris (tataricus (iaculus, johnii)))),respectively. This pattern of grouping obtains without assuming multistate character additivity. At least 16 synapomorphies indicate that reinhardtii is an erycine and that it is the sister lineage of the (bottae, friuirgata) cladr. Calabaria and Lichanura are synonymized with Charina for reasons of taxonomic efficiency, and to emphasize the New-Old World geographic distribution of the three species in that assemblage. Further resolution of E’yx species relationships is required before Congylophis (type species conicus) can be recognized. ADDITIONAL KEY WORDS:--Biogeography - Cladistics - erycines - fossils - taxonomy CONI‘EN’I’S Introduction ................... 293 Erycine terminal taxa and nomenclature ............ 296 Fossils .................... 301 Methods and materials ................ 302 Eryrine phylogeny ................. 306 Character descriptions ............... 306 Other variation ................
    [Show full text]
  • Species-Edition-Melanesian-Geo.Pdf
    Nature Melanesian www.melanesiangeo.com Geo Tranquility 6 14 18 24 34 66 72 74 82 6 Herping the final frontier 42 Seahabitats and dugongs in the Lau Lagoon 10 Community-based response to protecting biodiversity in East 46 Herping the sunset islands Kwaio, Solomon Islands 50 Freshwater secrets Ocean 14 Leatherback turtle community monitoring 54 Freshwater hidden treasures 18 Monkey-faced bats and flying foxes 58 Choiseul Island: A biogeographic in the Western Solomon Islands stepping-stone for reptiles and amphibians of the Solomon Islands 22 The diversity and resilience of flying foxes to logging 64 Conservation Development 24 Feasibility studies for conserving 66 Chasing clouds Santa Cruz Ground-dove 72 Tetepare’s turtle rodeo and their 26 Network Building: Building a conservation effort network to meet local and national development aspirations in 74 Secrets of Tetepare Culture Western Province 76 Understanding plant & kastom 28 Local rangers undergo legal knowledge on Tetepare training 78 Grassroots approach to Marine 30 Propagation techniques for Tubi Management 34 Phantoms of the forest 82 Conservation in Solomon Islands: acts without actions 38 Choiseul Island: Protecting Mt Cover page The newly discovered Vangunu Maetambe to Kolombangara River Island endemic rat, Uromys vika. Image watershed credit: Velizar Simeonovski, Field Museum. wildernesssolomons.com WWW.MELANESIANGEO.COM | 3 Melanesian EDITORS NOTE Geo PRODUCTION TEAM Government Of Founder/Editor: Patrick Pikacha of the priority species listed in the Critical Ecosystem [email protected] Solomon Islands Hails Partnership Fund’s investment strategy for the East Assistant editor: Tamara Osborne Melanesian Islands. [email protected] Barana Community The Critical Ecosystem Partnership Fund (CEPF) Contributing editor: David Boseto [email protected] is designed to safeguard Earth’s most biologically rich Prepress layout: Patrick Pikacha Nature Park Initiative and threatened regions, known as biodiversity hotspots.
    [Show full text]
  • Conservation of Amphibians and Reptiles in Indonesia: Issues and Problems
    Copyright: © 2006 Iskandar and Erdelen. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and repro- Amphibian and Reptile Conservation 4(1):60-87. duction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. DOI: 10.1514/journal.arc.0040016 (2329KB PDF) The authors are responsible for the facts presented in this article and for the opinions expressed there- in, which are not necessarily those of UNESCO and do not commit the Organisation. The authors note that important literature which could not be incorporated into the text has been published follow- ing the drafting of this article. Conservation of amphibians and reptiles in Indonesia: issues and problems DJOKO T. ISKANDAR1 * AND WALTER R. ERDELEN2 1School of Life Sciences and Technology, Institut Teknologi Bandung, 10, Jalan Ganesa, Bandung 40132 INDONESIA 2Assistant Director-General for Natural Sciences, UNESCO, 1, rue Miollis, 75732 Paris Cedex 15, FRANCE Abstract.—Indonesia is an archipelagic nation comprising some 17,000 islands of varying sizes and geologi- cal origins, as well as marked differences in composition of their floras and faunas. Indonesia is considered one of the megadiversity centers, both in terms of species numbers as well as endemism. According to the Biodiversity Action Plan for Indonesia, 16% of all amphibian and reptile species occur in Indonesia, a total of over 1,100 species. New research activities, launched in the last few years, indicate that these figures may be significantly higher than generally assumed. Indonesia is suspected to host the worldwide highest numbers of amphibian and reptiles species.
    [Show full text]
  • Geckos: Day Geckos, Tokay Geckos Plus New Caledonians and More!
    GECKOS: DAY GECKOS, TOKAY GECKOS PLUS NEW CALEDONIANS AND MORE! Author: Julie Bergman Number of Pages: 159 pages Published Date: 01 Oct 2006 Publisher: Advanced Vivarium Systems Inc.,U.S. Publication Country: Santee, CA, United States Language: English ISBN: 9781882770892 DOWNLOAD: GECKOS: DAY GECKOS, TOKAY GECKOS PLUS NEW CALEDONIANS AND MORE! Geckos: Day Geckos, Tokay Geckos Plus New Caledonians and More! PDF Book I miss seeing them and hearing their calls. Why not leave us a comment and tell us what you think about Tokay geckos and their morphs that are being developed! View Archived Comments. A single adult leachianus can be housed in an upright screen enclosure no smaller than 18 by 18 by 24 inches tall larger would be even better , or a gallon aquarium with a screen top. Day Gecko Books. Do leopard geckos for sale stop eating when they shed? Once we start having Captive Bred Tokays to work with people will do far better keeping and breeding them and having friendly Geckos. Day geckos are great escape artists. Male mossy gecko, rare breed. Pets Reptiles Lizards Geckos Andover. Humidity is fairly important to this species. Offer both horizontal and vertical decor such as bamboo, cork bark, branches. Albino Leopard Geckos. They love crikets , worms and coconut water. Local delivery around Choose products made with sustainable ingredients, such as Smithsonian certified Bird Friendly coffees , which support farmers striving to limit their impact on wildlife and habitat. Follow on Instagram. Tokek Sabah 1. Make sure it knows that it is just your hand. Hatchlings are very flighty and will jump, but with intermittent gentle handling they will calm down.
    [Show full text]
  • Candoia Carina.Ta Carinata of New Guinea (The Small
    CANDOIA CARINATA CARINATA (SCHNEIDER) _!!! CAPTIVITY. By: John van der Pols, Gildstraat 190, 3572 EW Utrecht, The Netherlands. Contents: Introduction - Vivarium - Pregnancy/Off­ spring - References. INTRODUCTION Candoia carina.ta carinata of New Guinea _(the small­ est member of the genus Candoia) is a pigmy subspe­ cies of Candoia carinata (McDowell, 1979), adult specimens reaching a length of 60 cm and a weight of 80 g. Candoia carinata carinata is rarely imported which is not surprising once its appearance and charac­ teristic behaviour are considered. This form has adapted itself to life in the treetops (especially Sago palm trees) where they are nearly invisible, due to their colour and small size, giving them the appearance of a twig. They are often found in the tops of Sago palm trees when these are chopped down (according to M. v.d. Kerkhof). As far as I know, Candoia carinata carinata of New Guinea has never been bred in captivity. In con­ trast, the much larger subspecies Candoia carinata paulsoni has been bred in captivity a number of times (Fauci, 1981). Yet another subspecies of Candoia carinata, one native to the island of Guadalcanal, has also recently been bred in capti­ vity (according to Lehman). This is a rather stoutly built subspecies which morphologicly re­ sembles Candoia aspera. As Candoia carinata is found on so many islands in the Inda-Australian archipelago, there are many geographical differences. Every island-type seems to have its own distinct characteristics. It would be exaggerat_ing the matter though, if every type 162 were to be considered a separate subspecies.
    [Show full text]
  • Summary Record of the 26Th Meeting of the Animals Committee
    Original language: English AC26 summary record CONVENTION ON INTERNATIONAL TRADE IN ENDANGERED SPECIES OF WILD FAUNA AND FLORA ____________ Twenty-sixth meeting of the Animals Committee Geneva (Switzerland), 15-20 March 2012 and Dublin (Ireland), 22-24 March 2012 SUMMARY RECORD Animals Committee matters 1. Opening of the meeting The Chair opened the meeting and welcomed all participants, before giving the floor to the Secretary- General, who also welcomed everyone and introduced new members of the Secretariat's scientific team (Mr De Meulenaer and Ms Kwitsinskaia) and enforcement team (Ms Garcia Ferreira, Ms Jonsson and Mr van Rensburg). He wished the Committee well in its deliberations. The Chair thanked the Secretary-General and invited suggestions as to how the Conference of the Parties could establish stronger measures to support the Committee as well as export countries, which deserved particular assistance. No other intervention was made during discussion of this item.1 2. Rules of Procedure The Secretariat introduced document AC26 Doc. 2 and proposed amending Rule 22 as follows: “On request, the Secretariat shall distribute printed and translated documents...”. The Secretariat explained that most members regularly indicated that they did not need printed copies and that this proposal was made to reduce costs. Although not opposed to the change in principle, a Party regretted that the suggestion had not been presented in the document, which would have given Parties time to consider it, and was concerned that this unannounced proposal might create a precedent. Another Party asked a question on the procedure to accept observers, but the Chair invited it to raise this topic under agenda item 4 on Admission of observers.
    [Show full text]
  • The Discovery of XY Sex Chromosomes in a Boa and Python
    Current Biology, Volume 27 Supplemental Information The Discovery of XY Sex Chromosomes in a Boa and Python Tony Gamble, Todd A. Castoe, Stuart V. Nielsen, Jaison L. Banks, Daren C. Card, Drew R. Schield, Gordon W. Schuett, and Warren Booth Figure S1. PCR validation of male-specific RAD markers in boa and python. Related to Figure 1. A. Male-biased amplification of RAD marker TCBoa_2918 in eleven male and eleven female Boa imperator. Individual specimen ID numbers are listed below the gel image. B. Male-biased amplification of RAD marker TCBoa_2918 in an additional eight male and eleven female Boa imperator. Individual specimen ID numbers are listed below the gel image. C. Photograph of South American Boa (Boa constrictor) from Goiás, Brazil. D. Male-biased amplification of RAD marker TCBoa_2918 in three male and three female Boa constrictor. Individual specimen ID numbers are listed below the gel image. E. Male-biased amplification of RAD marker M3 in twelve male and twelve female Python bivittatus. Individual specimen ID numbers are listed below the gel image in panel F. F. Male-specific restriction digest of PCR amplicon (PCR-RFLP) from RAD marker M10 in twelve male and twelve female Python bivittatus. Individual specimen ID numbers are listed below the gel image. G. Cartoon illustrating PCR amplicons from the python RAD marker M10. The X and Y alleles are illustrated including the approximate position of the Y chromosome-specific SpeI restriction site. H. Gel image of python RAD marker M10 showing difference between digested and undigested PCR amplicons from a male Python bivittatus.
    [Show full text]
  • 7 II. TINJAUAN PUSTAKA A. Reptilia Reptilia Merupakan Hewan
    II. TINJAUAN PUSTAKA A. Reptilia Reptilia merupakan hewan vertebrata berdarah dingin (Poikilothermic) yang dapat menyesuaikan suhu tubuh dengan lingkungan sekitarnya. Reptilia tidak dapat mengatur suhu internal layaknya hewan mamalia yang berdarah panas (Homoiothermic) sehingga mereka bergantung pada lingkungan sekitar untuk dapat mengatur suhu tubuh mereka. Berjemur di bawah sinar matahari merupakan upaya reptilia dalam menghangatkan diri dan meningkatkan metabolisme tubuh, sedangkan untuk mendinginkan suhu tubuh, reptilia biasanya berpindah ke tempat yang teduh atau berpindah ke kawasan perairan (Taylor dan O’Shea, 2004). Tubuh reptilia tertutup oleh sisik yang tesusun oleh keratin dan berbentuk rata maupun berduri. Fungsi sisik dari tubuh reptilia adalah untuk mengatur sirkulasi air yang memungkinkan agar reptilia terhindar dari ancaman dehidrasi saat jauh dari wilayah perairan (McDiarmid dkk.,2012). Reptilia tidak memiliki telinga eksternal dan rambut maupun bulu. Pada umumnya reptilia merupakan hewan karnivora. Jenis kura-kura dan beberapa jenis kadal seperti iguana merupakan herbivora, sedangkan chameleon merupakan jenis reptil pemakan serangga atau insektivora (O’Shea dan Halliday, 2001). Sistem reproduksi reptilia adalah ovipar dan sebagian ovivipar, contoh pada jenis ular boa (Boa constrictor) yang merupakan salah satu jenis ular dengan reproduksi ovivipar (Goin dan Goin, 1971). 7 8 B. Klasifikasi Reptilia Klasifikasi reptilia menurut Halliday dkk., (1993) sebagai berikut : Kingdom : Animalia Phylum : Chordata Sub-Phylum : Vertebrata Class : Reptilia Ordo : Squamata, Testudinata, Crocodilia dan Rhynchocephalia Ordo testudinata terdiri dari jenis penyu dan kura-kura. Jenis reptil yang paling kuno adalah penyu, kura-kura dan terrapins, mereka telah hidup di bumi sejak 200 tahun yang lalu pada zaman mesozoikum. Pada umumnya kura-kura bergerak lambat dan memiliki tempurung yang membuat mereka lebih mudah untuk dikenali dari jenis reptil lainnya.
    [Show full text]
  • Natural History and Husbandry of Candoia
    WWW.IRCF.ORG/REPTILESANDAMPHIBIANSJOURNALTABLE OF CONTENTS IRCF REPTILES & IRCF AMPHIBIANS REPTILES • VOL &15, AMPHIBIANS NO 4 • DEC 2008 • 19(2):117–125189 • JUNE 2012 IRCF REPTILES & AMPHIBIANS CONSERVATION AND NATURAL HISTORY TABLE OF CONTENTS HUSBANDRY FEATURE ARTICLES . Chasing Bullsnakes (Pituophis catenifer sayi) in Wisconsin: On the Road to Understanding the Ecology and Conservation of the Midwest’s Giant Serpent ...................... Joshua M. Kapfer 190 . The Shared History of TreeboasThe (Corallus grenadensis Pacific) and Humans on Grenada: Boas: A Hypothetical Excursion ............................................................................................................................Robert W. Henderson 198 NaturalRESEARCH History ARTICLES and Husbandry of Candoia . The Texas Horned Lizard in Central and Western Texas ....................... Emily Henry, Jason Brewer, Krista Mougey, and Gad Perry 204 . The Knight Anole (Anolis equestris) in Florida Christopher Carille .............................................Brian J. Camposano, Kenneth L. Krysko, Kevin M. Enge, Ellen M. Donlan, and Michael Granatosky 212 Garden of Eden Exotics & Chris Carille Photography, New York, USA CONSERVATION ALERT Photographs by the author except where noted. World’s Mammals in Crisis ............................................................................................................................................................. 220 . More Than Mammals .....................................................................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]