Graphite, Fluorinated, Polymer

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Graphite, Fluorinated, Polymer Graphite, fluorinated, polymer sc-252866 Material Safety Data Sheet Hazard Alert Code EXTREME HIGH MODERATE LOW Key: Section 1 - CHEMICAL PRODUCT AND COMPANY IDENTIFICATION PRODUCT NAME Graphite, fluorinated, polymer STATEMENT OF HAZARDOUS NATURE CONSIDERED A HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE ACCORDING TO OSHA 29 CFR 1910.1200. NFPA FLAMMABILITY0 HEALTH0 HAZARD INSTABILITY0 SUPPLIER Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Inc. 2145 Delaware Avenue Santa Cruz, California 95060 800.457.3801 or 831.457.3800 EMERGENCY ChemWatch Within the US & Canada: 877-715-9305 Outside the US & Canada: +800 2436 2255 (1-800-CHEMCALL) or call +613 9573 3112 SYNONYMS (CFx)n, x~1.1, "graphite, fluorinated, polymer" Section 2 - HAZARDS IDENTIFICATION CHEMWATCH HAZARD RATINGS Min Max Flammability 0 Toxicity 2 Min/Nil=0 Body Contact 2 Low=1 Reactivity 0 Moderate=2 High=3 Chronic 2 Extreme=4 CANADIAN WHMIS SYMBOLS 1 of 17 EMERGENCY OVERVIEW RISK POTENTIAL HEALTH EFFECTS ACUTE HEALTH EFFECTS SWALLOWED ! Accidental ingestion of the material may be damaging to the health of the individual. ! Overexposure is unlikely in this form. ! Not normally a hazard due to the physical form of product. The material is a physical irritant to the gastro-intestinal tract. EYE ! Although the material is not thought to be an irritant (as classified by EC Directives), direct contact with the eye may cause transient discomfort characterised by tearing or conjunctival redness (as with windburn). Slight abrasive damage may also result. ! Experiments in which a 20-percent aqueous solution of hydrofluoric acid (hydrogen fluoride) was instilled into the eyes of rabbits caused immediate damage in the form of total corneal opacification and conjunctival ischemia; within an hour, corneal stroma edema occurred, followed by necrosis of anterior ocular structures. SKIN ! Skin contact is not thought to have harmful health effects (as classified under EC Directives); the material may still produce health damage following entry through wounds, lesions or abrasions. ! There is some evidence to suggest that this material can cause inflammation of the skin on contact in some persons. ! Irritation and skin reactions are possible with sensitive skin. ! Fluorides are easily absorbed through the skin and cause death of soft tissue and erode bone. Healing is delayed and death of tissue may continue to spread beneath skin. ! Open cuts, abraded or irritated skin should not be exposed to this material. ! Entry into the blood-stream, through, for example, cuts, abrasions or lesions, may produce systemic injury with harmful effects. Examine the skin prior to the use of the material and ensure that any external damage is suitably protected. ! Excessive use or prolonged contact may lead to defatting, drying and irritation of sensitive skin. INHALED ! There is some evidence to suggest that the material can cause respiratory irritation in some persons. The body's response to such irritation can cause further lung damage. ! Persons with impaired respiratory function, airway diseases and conditions such as emphysema or chronic bronchitis, may incur further disability if excessive concentrations of particulate are inhaled. If prior damage to the circulatory or nervous systems has occurred or if kidney damage has been sustained, proper screenings should be conducted on individuals who may be exposed to further risk if handling and use of the material result in excessive exposures. ! Not normally a hazard due to non-volatile nature of product. CHRONIC HEALTH EFFECTS ! Substance accumulation, in the human body, may occur and may cause some concern following repeated or long-term occupational exposure. Long term exposure to high dust concentrations may cause changes in lung function i.e. pneumoconiosis; caused by particles less than 0.5 micron penetrating and remaining in the lung. Prime symptom is breathlessness; lung shadows show on X-ray. Extended exposure to inorganic fluorides causes fluorosis, which includes signs of joint pain and stiffness, tooth discolouration, nausea and vomiting, loss of appetite, diarrhoea or constipation, weight loss, anaemia, weakness and general unwellness. There may also be frequent urination and thirst. Redness, itchiness and allergy-like inflammation of the skin and mouth cavity can occur. The central nervous system may be involved. 2 of 17 Section 3 - COMPOSITION / INFORMATION ON INGREDIENTS NAME CAS RN % poly(carbon monofluoride) 51311-17-2 >98 High heat may produce hydrogen fluoride 7664-39-3 carbonyl fluoride 353-50-4 perfluoroisobutylene 382-21-8 Section 4 - FIRST AID MEASURES SWALLOWED If swallowed do NOT induce vomiting. If vomiting occurs, lean patient forward or place on left side (head-down position, if possible) to maintain open airway and prevent aspiration. Observe the patient carefully. Never give liquid to a person showing signs of being sleepy or with reduced awareness; i.e. becoming unconscious. EYE If this product comes in contact with the eyes Wash out immediately with fresh running water. Ensure complete irrigation of the eye by keeping eyelids apart and away from eye and moving the eyelids by occasionally lifting the upper and lower lids. Seek medical attention without delay; if pain persists or recurs seek medical attention. Removal of contact lenses after an eye injury should only be undertaken by skilled personnel. SKIN If skin contact occurs Immediately remove all contaminated clothing, including footwear. Flush skin and hair with running water (and soap if available). Seek medical attention in event of irritation. In case of burns Immediately apply cold water to burn either by immersion or wrapping with saturated clean cloth. DO NOT remove or cut away clothing over burnt areas. DO NOT pull away clothing which has adhered to the skin as this can cause further injury. DO NOT break blister or remove solidified material. Quickly cover wound with dressing or clean cloth to help prevent infection and to ease pain. INHALED If dust is inhaled, remove from contaminated area. Encourage patient to blow nose to ensure clear breathing passages. Ask patient to rinse mouth with water but to not drink water. Seek immediate medical attention. NOTES TO PHYSICIAN ! Treat symptomatically. For acute or short term repeated exposures to fluorides Fluoride absorption from gastro-intestinal tract may be retarded by calcium salts, milk or antacids. Fluoride particulates or fume may be absorbed through the respiratory tract with 20-30% deposited at alveolar level. Peak serum levels are reached 30 mins. post-exposure; 50% appears in the urine within 24 hours. For acute poisoning (endotracheal intubation if inadequate tidal volume), monitor breathing and evaluate/monitor blood pressure and pulse frequently since shock may supervene with little warning. Monitor ECG immediately; watch for arrhythmias and evidence of Q-T prolongation or T-wave changes. Maintain monitor. Treat shock vigorously with isotonic saline (in 5% glucose) to restore blood volume and enhance renal 3 of 17 excretion. Treat symptomatically. Pyrolysis products of this material may produce an influenza-like syndrome in man, lasting 24-48 hours. Section 5 - FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES Vapour Pressure (mmHG) Negligible Upper Explosive Limit (%) Not available. Specific Gravity (water=1) Not available Lower Explosive Limit (%) Not available. EXTINGUISHING MEDIA There is no restriction on the type of extinguisher which may be used. Use extinguishing media suitable for surrounding area. FIRE FIGHTING Alert Fire Brigade and tell them location and nature of hazard. Wear breathing apparatus plus protective gloves for fire only. Prevent, by any means available, spillage from entering drains or water courses. Use fire fighting procedures suitable for surrounding area. GENERAL FIRE HAZARDS/HAZARDOUS COMBUSTIBLE PRODUCTS Non combustible. Not considered a significant fire risk, however containers may burn. Decomposition may produce toxic fumes of hydrogen fluoride. May emit poisonous fumes. May emit corrosive fumes. Does not burn without an external flame. FIRE INCOMPATIBILITY None known. Section 6 - ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES MINOR SPILLS Remove all ignition sources. Clean up all spills immediately. Avoid contact with skin and eyes. Control personal contact by using protective equipment. MAJOR SPILLS Moderate hazard. CAUTION Advise personnel in area. Alert Emergency Services and tell them location and nature of hazard. Control personal contact by wearing protective clothing. Prevent, by any means available, spillage from entering drains or water courses. Section 7 - HANDLING AND STORAGE PROCEDURE FOR HANDLING Avoid all personal contact, including inhalation. Wear protective clothing when risk of exposure occurs. Use in a well-ventilated area. Prevent concentration in hollows and sumps. RECOMMENDED STORAGE METHODS Polyethylene or polypropylene container. 4 of 17 Check all containers are clearly labelled and free from leaks. Material is corrosive to most metals, glass and other siliceous materials. STORAGE REQUIREMENTS Store in original containers. Keep containers securely sealed. Store in a cool, dry, well-ventilated area. Store away from incompatible materials and foodstuff containers. Section 8 - EXPOSURE CONTROLS / PERSONAL PROTECTION EXPOSURE CONTROLS TWA TWA STEL STEL Peak Peak TWA Source Material Notes ppm mg/m! ppm mg/m! ppm mg/m! F/CC US ACGIH poly(carbon TLV® Basis Threshold Limit monofluoride) 2.5 Bone dam; Values (TLV) (Fluorides, as F) fluorosis ; BEI Canada - Prince poly(carbon TLV® Basis Edward Island monofluoride) 2.5 Bone dam; Occupational
Recommended publications
  • Carbon – Element of Many Faces 1
    1 1 Carbon – Element of Many Faces The sixth in the periodic table of elements is, at the same time, among the most important ones. With about 180 ppm, carbon is only 17th on the list of terrestrial elements ’ frequency, situated even after barium or sulfur – for comparison, the second - most frequent element, silicon, is about 1300 times as abundant as carbon. Still the latter is essential for the assembly of all organic matter. It is predestined for this central role especially due to its mid position in the periodic system and its associated ability to form stable substances with more electropositive and more electronegative reaction partners. Yet in the present text the organic chemistry resulting from these various bonding possibilities will only be mentioned if it is employed to modify carbon materials or, to put it in other words, the element itself as a material will be in the focus. Another feature that gave reason to write this book was the occurrence of various allotrope modifi cations with in parts completely opposite properties. For the time being, this renders carbon one of the most interesting topics in materials science and research. Be it fullerenes, nanotubes or nanocrystalline diamond phases – they all are subject to intensive investigation and promise a multitude of applications, for example, in electronics, medicine, and nanotechnology. Nevertheless, it is hardly possible to assess the development within the last two decades and to perceive its impact on the multitalented carbon ’ s perspectives in chemistry, material science, and physics, without an understanding of its long - known modifi cations, mainly graphite and diamond.
    [Show full text]
  • (12) Patent Application Publication (10) Pub. No.: US 2015/0207145 A1 Palazzo Et Al
    US 20150207145A1 (19) United States (12) Patent Application Publication (10) Pub. No.: US 2015/0207145 A1 Palazzo et al. (43) Pub. Date: Jul. 23, 2015 (54) HIGH CAPACITY CATHODE MATERIAL HIM I/0568 (2006.01) WITH IMPROVED RATE CAPABILITY HIM I/0563 (2006.01) PERFORMANCE HOLM 4/485 (2006.01) HOLM 4/62 (2006.01) (71) Applicant: Greatbatch Ltd., Clarence, NY (US) (52) U.S. Cl. CPC .............. H01 M 4/521 (2013.01); H0IM 4/485 (72) Inventors: Marcus J. Palazzo, Wheatfield, NY (2013.01); H01 M 4/622 (2013.01); H0IM (US); Ashish Shah, East Amherst, NY 4/625 (2013.01); H01 M 4/523 (2013.01); (US) H0IM 10/0568 (2013.01); H0IM 10/0563 (21) Appl. No.: 14/599,915 ( 2013.01);) H0IM(2013.01); 4/62 E.(2013.01); 2): H01 (2013.01) M 4/049 (22) Filed: Jan. 19, 2015 (57) ABSTRACT Related U.S. Application Data (60) Provisional application No. 61/928,768, filed on Jan. The present invention related to an electrochemical cell com 17, 2014. prising an anode of a Group IA metal and a cathode of a s composite material prepared from an aqueous mixture of iron Publication Classification sulfate, cobalt sulfate and sulfur. The cathode material of the present invention provides an increased rate pulse perfor (51) Int. Cl. mance compared to iron disulfide cathode material. This HOLM 4/52 (2006.01) makes the cathode material of the present invention particu HOLM 4/04 (2006.01) larly useful for implantable medical applications. Patent Application Publication Jul. 23, 2015 Sheet 1 of 6 US 2015/02071.45 A1 xx CD t -- & Patent Application Publication Jul.
    [Show full text]
  • Durham E-Theses
    Durham E-Theses Organic derivatives of copper and silver Jewitt, M. How to cite: Jewitt, M. (1963) Organic derivatives of copper and silver, Durham theses, Durham University. Available at Durham E-Theses Online: http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/10221/ Use policy The full-text may be used and/or reproduced, and given to third parties in any format or medium, without prior permission or charge, for personal research or study, educational, or not-for-prot purposes provided that: • a full bibliographic reference is made to the original source • a link is made to the metadata record in Durham E-Theses • the full-text is not changed in any way The full-text must not be sold in any format or medium without the formal permission of the copyright holders. Please consult the full Durham E-Theses policy for further details. Academic Support Oce, Durham University, University Oce, Old Elvet, Durham DH1 3HP e-mail: [email protected] Tel: +44 0191 334 6107 http://etheses.dur.ac.uk OR&ANIC DERIVATIVES OF COPPER AND SILVER BY M. JEWITT A Thesis submitted for the degree of Master of Science in the University of Durham. 1963. ACKNOWLEDG-EMENTS The author wishes to thank Dr. F. G-lockling for his advice and encouragement given throughout the course of this work. The author is indebted to the Department of Scientific and Industrial Research for a maintenance grant. FOREWORD The work described in this thesis was carried out in the Chemistry Department of the Durham Colleges in the University of Durham, between 1958 and 1960.
    [Show full text]
  • Lithium Cell Technology and Safety Report of the Tri-Service Lithium Safety Committee
    LITHIUM CELL TECHNOLOGY AND SAFETY REPORTOF THE TRI-SERVICE LITHIUM SAFETY COMMITTEE E. Reiss ERADCOM What I would like to talk to you about today is theTri-Service Lithium Safety Committee. This is a fairly small phaseof a many-faceted problem that faceall of us here. This particular committee was initiated in September 1977 when representatives of the Army, the Navy, and the Air Force recognized that the lithium batteries are becoming the major military power source and that procedures should be establishedso that lithium batteries may be safely and responsibly employed. (Figure 1-29) This committee suggested that a tri-service groupbe established for the purpose of exchang- ing information on lithium batteries. (Figure 1-30) There is a fourfold purpose. The first was to exchange information on lithium batteries. Another area was to examine common areas of concern to the threeservices. The third was to provide guidance to the users. And the last was to set up common procedures where applicable, for the safe handling, deployment anddisposal of lithium batteries. (Figure 1-3 1 ) Formally, this committee was organized in December 1977 as Lithium Battery Safety Group under the Joint Deputies for Laboratories Committee, Subpanel on Batteries and FuelCell Tech- nologies. (Figure 1-32) Under a joint memorandum of agreement on batteries and fuelcell technologies, the Army is designated as the joint service focal point for lithium batteries and was appointed as the head of the safety group. By July 1978, a charter for the groupwas officially accepted and extended to include NASA, the Department of Transportation, and other governmentagencies.
    [Show full text]
  • Bio-Compatible Materials for Advanced Energy Storage Devices Towards Biomedical Implantation Sha Li University of Wollongong
    University of Wollongong Research Online University of Wollongong Thesis Collection University of Wollongong Thesis Collections 2014 Bio-Compatible Materials for Advanced Energy Storage Devices Towards Biomedical Implantation Sha Li University of Wollongong Research Online is the open access institutional repository for the University of Wollongong. For further information contact the UOW Library: [email protected] Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science Institute for Superconducting & Electronic Materials (ISEM) BIO-COMPATIBLE MATERIALS FOR ADVANCED ENERGY STORAGE DEVICES TOWARDS BIO- MEDICAL IMPLANTATION Sha Li This thesis is presented as part of the requirement for the Award of the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy The University of Wollongong March 2014 Copyright © by Sha Li 2014 All Rights Reserved CERTIFICATE OF ORIGINALITY I certify that this thesis is the result of my own work, expect where explicit reference is made to the work of others, and has not been submitted for another qualification to this or any other university. I further certify that all material used to aid my research has been referenced in this thesis and, to the best of my knowledge, all work claimed as my own has not been previously published by any other person. Sha Li March, 2014 (Singed)…………………………………….. I PUBLICATIONS The following publications and manuscripts-under-review have been written during the course of this work: 1. Li, S., Sultana, I., Guo, Z., Wang, C., Wallace, G. G., & Liu, H. K. (2013), Electrochimica Acta, 95, 212-217. 2. Li, S., Guo, Z. P., Wang, C. Y., Wallace, G. G., & Liu, H. K. (2013). Journal of Materials Chemistry A, 1(45), 14300-14305.
    [Show full text]
  • Arxiv:2107.01289V1 [Cond-Mat.Mtrl-Sci] 2 Jul 2021
    Edge-Propagation Discharge Mechanism in CFx Batteries – a First Principles and Experimental Study Kevin Leung,1∗ Noah B. Schorr,1 Matthew Mayer,2 Timothy N. Lambert,1 Y. Shirley Meng,2 and Katharine L. Harrison1 1Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, NM 87185, United States [email protected] 2NanoEngineering, University of California at San Diego (Dated: July 6, 2021) Abstract Graphite fluoride (CFx) cathodes coupled with lithium anodes yield one of the highest theoretical specific capacities (>860 mAh/g) among primary batteries. In practice, the observed discharge voltage (∼2.5 V) is significantly lower than thermodynamic limits (>4.5 V), the discharge rate is low, and so far Li/CFx has only been used in primary batteries. Understanding the discharge mechanism at atomic length scales will improve practical CFx energy density, rate capability, and rechargeability. So far, purely experimental techniques have not identified the correct discharge mechanism or explained the discharge voltage. We apply Density Functional Theory calculations to demonstrate that a CFx-edge propagation discharge mechanism based on lithium insertion at the CF/C boundary in partially discharged CFx exhibits a voltage range of 2.5 to 2.9 V — depending on whether solvent molecules are involved. The voltages and solvent dependence agrees arXiv:2107.01289v1 [cond-mat.mtrl-sci] 2 Jul 2021 with our discharge and galvanostatic intermittent titration technique measurements. The predicted discharge kinetics are consistent with CFx operations. Finally, we predict Li/CFx rechargeability under the application of high potentials, along a charging pathway different from that of discharge. Our work represents a general, quasi-kinetic framework to understand the discharge of conversion cathodes, circumventing the widely used phase diagram approach which most likely does not apply to Li/CFx because equilibrium conditions are not attained in this system.
    [Show full text]
  • Cha Kuin Taiteit Van Muuttu
    CHA KUIN TAITEIT US009831519B2VAN MUUTTU NUT (12 ) United States Patent ( 10 ) Patent No. : US 9 ,831 , 519 B2 Chiang et al. ( 45 ) Date of Patent: * Nov . 28 , 2017 ( 54 ) SEMI- SOLID ELECTRODES HAVING HIGH ( 58 ) Field of Classification Search RATE CAPABILITY CPC . .. .. HO1M 8 / 188 ; HO1M 8 / 20 ; HO1M 8 / 225 ; HOLM 8 / 18 ; HO1M 4 /485 ; YO2E 60 / 528 (71 ) Applicant : 24M Technologies , Inc. , Cambridge , See application file for complete search history. MA (US ) ( 72 ) Inventors : Yet- Ming Chiang , Weston , MA (US ) ; (56 ) References Cited Mihai Duduta , Somerville , MA (US ) ; U . S . PATENT DOCUMENTS Richard Holman , Wellesley , MA (US ) ; Pimpa Limthongkul, Boston, MA 3 , 255 ,046 A 6 / 1966 Ghormley (US ) ; Taison Tan , Cambridge , MA 3 , 360 , 401 A 12 / 1967 Grasselli (US ) ( Continued ) ( 73 ) Assignee : 24M Technologies, Inc. , Cambridge, FOREIGN PATENT DOCUMENTS MA (US ) CN 1209219 2 / 1999 CN 1372703 10 / 2002 ( * ) Notice : Subject to any disclaimer , the term of this patent is extended or adjusted under 35 ( Continued ) U . S . C . 154 (b ) by 0 days. OTHER PUBLICATIONS This patent is subject to a terminal dis claimer . Office Action for U . S . Appl. No . 13 /872 , 613 , dated Jul . 14 , 2014 , 18 pages. ( 21) Appl. No .: 15 / 174 , 172 (Continued ) ( 22 ) Filed : Jun . 6 , 2016 Primary Examiner — Miriam Stagg Assistant Examiner — Lilia V Nedialkova (65 ) Prior Publication Data (74 ) Attorney , Agent, or Firm — Cooley LLP US 2017 / 0033390 A1 Feb . 2 , 2017 Related U . S . Application Data (57 ) ABSTRACT Embodiments described herein relate generally to electro (63 ) Continuation of application No . 14 / 875 , 076 , filed on chemical cells having high rate capability , and more par Oct.
    [Show full text]
  • Fabrication and Functionalization of Carbon Nanocages for Use in Cfx Batteries
    University of Louisville ThinkIR: The University of Louisville's Institutional Repository Electronic Theses and Dissertations 8-2017 Fabrication and functionalization of carbon nanocages for use in CFx batteries. Nathan Smith University of Louisville Follow this and additional works at: https://ir.library.louisville.edu/etd Part of the Condensed Matter Physics Commons Recommended Citation Smith, Nathan, "Fabrication and functionalization of carbon nanocages for use in CFx batteries." (2017). Electronic Theses and Dissertations. Paper 2805. https://doi.org/10.18297/etd/2805 This Master's Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by ThinkIR: The University of Louisville's Institutional Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Electronic Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of ThinkIR: The University of Louisville's Institutional Repository. This title appears here courtesy of the author, who has retained all other copyrights. For more information, please contact [email protected]. FABRICATION AND FUNCTIONALIZATION OF CARBON NANOCAGES FOR USE IN CFx BATTERIES By Nathan Smith B. S., Georgetown College, 2015 A Thesis Submitted to the Faculty of the College of Arts and Sciences of the University of Louisville in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Science in Physics Department of Physics University of Louisville Louisville, Kentucky August 2017 FABRICATION AND FUNCTIONALIZATION OF CARBON NANOCAGES FOR USE IN CFx BATTERIES By Nathan Smith B. S., Georgetown College, 2015 A Thesis approved on July 31, 2017 by the Following Thesis Committee: ____________________________________ Dr. Gamini Sumanasekera (Thesis Director) ____________________________________ Dr. Jacek Jasinski ____________________________________ Dr. Ming Yu ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS First, I would like to thank my thesis advisor, Dr.
    [Show full text]
  • PHOTOFLASH and LASER IGNITION of HIGH-NITROGEN MATERIALS Narendra Nath De Purdue University
    Purdue University Purdue e-Pubs Open Access Theses Theses and Dissertations January 2015 PHOTOFLASH AND LASER IGNITION OF HIGH-NITROGEN MATERIALS Narendra Nath De Purdue University Follow this and additional works at: https://docs.lib.purdue.edu/open_access_theses Recommended Citation De, Narendra Nath, "PHOTOFLASH AND LASER IGNITION OF HIGH-NITROGEN MATERIALS" (2015). Open Access Theses. 1053. https://docs.lib.purdue.edu/open_access_theses/1053 This document has been made available through Purdue e-Pubs, a service of the Purdue University Libraries. Please contact [email protected] for additional information. 00000000000000000000000 55000000555555055 YYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYY LYLYYLYYYYLLLLL YeeeeeeYeeeeeeeeeeeYLeeeeeeeee dddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddd ddd »»»»»»»» »»»» »» dddddddd ÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍ Í»» ÍÍÍÍÍ ÍÍ»ÍÍÍÍ» ÍÍ ÍÍÍÍÍ»ÍÍÍÍÍÍ» ÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍ ddddddddd ddddddd Í»­»»» ­­ Í­­»»­» ­» Í»»­»»­»­­­ »»» Í­»»­»»­»­­­ ddddddd ddd ddddddddddddd d dddd ddd ddddd d »»² Í»»²»» Í­» ®»»­» »»² ͦ»»»­¦ Ͳ Í­»»­¦ »»² Í­ ±­»­ ddddddd ddddddd dd dd ddd ddddddddd dddddddddd dddddddd ddddddddddddddddddd dddddddddddd ddd ddd d ddddddddd dddd ddddd ddddddddddddd dddddd ddd ddd dddd dddddd dd d d ddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddd dddddddddd dd dddd ddddddd ddddddddd ddd dddddddddddddddddddddddd dddddddddddd ddd ddddddd dddd ddd dd d ddd dddddddd d d »»² Í»»²»» Í­» dddd ddd d »»² ë»­»­»ë ë»ë»» ®»»» ëëëëëëëëëë eddddddddddd ddddd dddddd ddd dddd dd dd ddd i PHOTOFLASH AND LASER IGNITION OF HIGH-NITROGEN MATERIALS A Thesis Submitted to the Faculty of Purdue University by Narendra N. De In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Science in Aeronautics and Astronautics i December 2015 Purdue University West Lafayette, Indiana ii This thesis is dedicated to my parents for all their love and support throughout my education. ii iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I will like to acknowledge the following faculty and colleagues who supported and helped me with this research.
    [Show full text]
  • Open ETD Ning.Pdf
    The Pennsylvania State University The Graduate School Department of Physics STUDY OF CHEMICAL DOPING OF GRAPHENE ON AMORPHOUS SILICA, ELECTRONIC PROPERTIES OF THE GRAPHENE-FLUORINE SUPER-LATTICE AND INTERACTIONS OF GRAPHENE WITH ATOMIC FLUORINE A Dissertation in Physics by Ning Shen 2011 Ning Shen Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy May 2011 The dissertation of Ning Shen was reviewed and approved* by the following: Jorge O. Sofo Associate Professor of Physics Associate Professor of Materials Science and Engineering Dissertation Advisor Chair of Committee Milton W. Cole Distinguished Professor of Physics Tom Mallouk DuPont Professor of Materials Chemistry and Physics M. C. Demirel Associate Professor of Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics Richard W. Robinett Professor of Physics Director of Graduate Studies *Signatures are on file in the Graduate School iii ABSTRACT Graphene is a novel carbon structure with excellent electronic properties. This dissertation is devoted to the exploration of two graphene related studies: the influence of an amorphous silica substrate on a graphene field effect transistor (FET) and the properties of chemically modified graphene structures with fluorination. The study of the effect of an amorphous silica substrate on a single graphene layer is interesting since a silicon wafer with thermally grown amorphous silica is commonly used as the substrate for graphene FET devices. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations show that the silica substrate induces a charge transfer to the graphene layer due to surface states of the amorphous silica. The intrinsic n-doping of the graphene is confirmed by the experimental studies of our collaborators.
    [Show full text]
  • Research Memorandum
    , RM E57E02 RESEARCH MEMORANDUM REAC TION OF FLUORINE WITH CARBON AS A MEANS OF Q, FLUORINE DISPOSAL I , By Harold W . Schmi dt Lewis Flight Propulsion Laboratory Cleveland , Ohio NATIONAL ADVISORY COMMITTEE FOR AERONAUTICS WASHINGTON WASHINGTON July 18 , 1957 NACA RM E57E02 NATIONAL ADVISORY COMMITTEE FOR AERONAUTICS RESEARCH MEMORANDUM REACTION OF FLUORINE WITH CARBON AS A MEANS OF FLUORINE DISPOSAL By Harold W. Schmidt SUMMARY An experimental investigation has shown that amorphous carbon, such as wood charcoal, is readily applicable to fluorine disposal by the chemical reaction C + F2 ~ CF4 , C2F6, C3FS' C4F10 .... The gaseous fluorocarbons formed are chemically inert and may be vented directly to the atmosphere. The method is simple and economical. Fluorine and fluorine-oxygen and fluorine-nitrogen mixtures containing as little as 6.5 percent fluorine reacted spontaneously with fresh dry charcoal. Fluorine and fluorine-oxygen mixtures were consumed at rates • up to 25 pounds per hour in an experimental portable reactor containing 6 cubic feet of charcoal. No rate limit was reached. Quantitative measurements of residual fluorine in the exhaust products ranged from 20.1 to a maximum of 77.5 parts per million. Absorbed moisture in the charcoal may reduce efficiency to some extent. Even so, the product gases were very low in residual fluorine, as evidenced by only slight discoloration of potassium iodide indicator paper. Although literature references have indicated that graphitized carbon can produce explosive carbon monofluoride by absorption of fluorine, no explosions were encountered in the present work with charcoal. INTRODUCTION Use of liquid or gaseous fluorine often involves disposal of small quantities of excess or residual material remaining in the system.
    [Show full text]
  • (12) Patent Application Publication (10) Pub. No.: US 2015/0288031 A1 Zhang Et Al
    US 20150288031A1 (19) United States (12) Patent Application Publication (10) Pub. No.: US 2015/0288031 A1 Zhang et al. (43) Pub. Date: Oct. 8, 2015 (54) FUNCTIONALIZED IONIC LIQUID HOLM. I.2/02 (2006.01) ELECTROLYTES FOR LITHIUM ION HIM I/0525 (2006.01) BATTERIES HIM I/052 (2006.01) (52) U.S. Cl. (71) Applicant: UCHICAGO ARGONNE, LLC, CPC ...... H0IM 10/0567 (2013.01); H0IM 10/0525 CHICAGO, IL (US) (2013.01); H0IM 10/052 (2013.01); H0IM 10/054 (2013.01); H0IM 12/02 (2013.01); (72) Inventors: Zhengcheng Zhang, Naperville, IL HOM IO/0568 (2013.01); HOIM 23OO/OO25 (US), Wei Weng. Woodridge, IL (US); (2013.01); HOIM 2300/0085 (2013.01) Lu Zhang, Woodridge, IL (US); Khalil Amine, Oakbrook, IL (US) (57) ABSTRACT (21) Appl. No.: 14/742,194 An ionic liquid that is a salt has a Formula: (22) Filed: Jun. 17, 2015 R6 Rs Related U.S. Application Data R R s (63) Continuation of application No. 12/895,395, filed on N/ X N xO Sep. 30, 2010, now Pat. No. 9,093,722. R^ YR R1 y NR Publication Classification Ammonium R4 (51) Int. C. Imidazolium HIM I/0567 (2006.01) HIM I/0568 (2006.01) Such ionic liquids may be used in electrolytes and in electro HIM I/O54 (2006.01) chemical cells. Patent Application Publication Oct. 8, 2015 Sheet 1 of 8 US 2015/0288031 A1 FIG. 1A (Et-E-Me Me & S-O-Si-Me CC : M. M. 8 FIG 1B & Me Me FrogEt ME CHC3 1. 5.O O.O.
    [Show full text]