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Hip-Hop 2 Prevent Substance Abuse and HIV (H2P)

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Hip-Hop 2 Prevent Substance Abuse and HIV (H2P) Excellence in Prevention – descriptions of the prevention programs and strategies with the greatest evidence of success Name of Program/Strategy: Hip-Hop 2 Prevent Substance Abuse and HIV (H2P) Report Contents 1. Overview and description 2. Implementation considerations (if available) 3. Descriptive information 4. Outcomes 5. Cost effectiveness report (Washington State Institute of Public Policy – if available) 6. Washington State results (from Performance Based Prevention System (PBPS) – if available) 7. Who is using this program/strategy 8. Study populations 9. Quality of studies 10. Readiness for Dissemination 11. Costs (if available) 12. Contacts for more information ______________________________________________________________________ 1. Overview and description Hip-Hop 2 Prevent Substance Abuse and HIV (H2P) is designed to improve knowledge and skills related to drugs and HIV/AIDS among youth ages 12-16 with the aim of preventing or reducing their substance use and risky sexual activity. The program incorporates aspects of hip-hop culture--including language, arts, and history--as a social, cultural, and contextual framework for addressing substance use and HIV risk behaviors. H2P uses a curriculum consisting of 10 modules, called "ciphers," delivered in 10 2-hour sessions. Through the curriculum's use of hip-hop culture, an interactive, multimedia CD, and a mix of traditional teaching methods, students learn information about drugs, HIV/AIDS, and sexual behavior; resistance and refusal skills; effective communication and negotiation skills; information about healthy alternatives to sex and drugs; and prevention self-efficacy skills. School staff (e.g., teachers, counselors) deliver the first four modules in after-school or in-school sessions and the remaining modules at H2P camp, a 3-day retreat offering students structured learning and recreational activities, team-building experiences, mentoring, and opportunities for creative expression. Prior to serving as instructors, school staff participates in a 1-day training to learn about the genesis, ideology, and cultural components of hip-hop. 1 Excellence in Prevention is a project of Oregon Addiction and Mental Health Services and Washington Division of Behavioral Health and Recovery. Information is drawn from many sources, including the National Registry for Effective Prevention Programs (NREPP), sponsored by the Center for Substance Abuse Prevention. Excellence in Prevention – descriptions of the prevention programs and strategies with the greatest evidence of success 2. Implementation considerations (if available) 3. Descriptive information Areas of Interest Substance abuse prevention Outcomes 1: Perceived risk of harm from drug use 2: HIV knowledge 3: Self-efficacy to refuse sex 4: Disapproval of drug use Outcome Categories Alcohol Drugs Tobacco Ages 13-17 (Adolescent) Genders MaleFemale Races/Ethnicities Black or African American Hispanic or Latino Race/ethnicity unspecified Settings School Other community settings Geographic Locations Urban Implementation History H2P was implemented during the 2005-2006 and 2006-2007 school years in an urban middle school in Prince George's County, Maryland. Both implementations were evaluated. NIH Funding/CER Studies Partially/fully funded by National Institutes of Health: No Evaluated in comparative effectiveness research studies: No Adaptations No population- or culture-specific adaptations were identified by the applicant. Adverse Effects No adverse effects, concerns, or unintended consequences were identified by the applicant. IOM Prevention Categories Universal Selective 2 Excellence in Prevention is a project of Oregon Addiction and Mental Health Services and Washington Division of Behavioral Health and Recovery. Information is drawn from many sources, including the National Registry for Effective Prevention Programs (NREPP), sponsored by the Center for Substance Abuse Prevention. Excellence in Prevention – descriptions of the prevention programs and strategies with the greatest evidence of success 4. Outcomes Outcome 1: Perceived risk of harm from drug use Description of Measures Perceived risk of harm from drug use (use of alcohol, tobacco, marijuana, and other drugs) was measured by self-report using 4 items from the H2P Participant Survey developed for the studies. These questions were modified from items in the Perceived Harm Scale of the Monitoring the Future questionnaire and the Perceived Drug Use Scale from the Student Survey of Risk and Protective Factors. For each item (e.g., "How much do you think people risk harming themselves (physically or in other ways) if they try marijuana once or twice"?), participants responded using a 4-point scale (no risk to great risk). The survey was administered at pretest, at posttest immediately after the intervention, and 6 months after the intervention was completed. Key Findings In two studies implemented in the same school in 2 consecutive years, 7th- and 8th-grade students were randomly assigned to an intervention group receiving H2P or to an assessment-only control group. In the first study, from pretest to posttest, H2P participants had a significant increase in perceived risk associated with marijuana use compared with control group participants (p < .05). No other statistically significant results were found from pretest to posttest. From pretest to 6-month follow- up, H2P participants had a significant increase in overall drug risk perception compared with control group participants (p < .05), with no other statistically significant results found. In the second study, H2P participants perceived greater risk of harm associated with marijuana use than participants from the control group at posttest (p = .009). No other significant differences between the two groups were observed at posttest or at 6-month follow-up. Studies Measuring Outcome Study 1, Study 2 Study Designs Experimental, Quasi-experimental Quality of Research Rating 2.7 (0.0-4.0 scale) 3 Excellence in Prevention is a project of Oregon Addiction and Mental Health Services and Washington Division of Behavioral Health and Recovery. Information is drawn from many sources, including the National Registry for Effective Prevention Programs (NREPP), sponsored by the Center for Substance Abuse Prevention. Excellence in Prevention – descriptions of the prevention programs and strategies with the greatest evidence of success Outcome 2: HIV knowledge Description of Measures HIV knowledge was measured by self-report using 10 items from the H2P Participant Survey developed for the studies. For each item (e.g., "You can get AIDS by kissing someone who has AIDS," "Birth control pills protect a woman from HIV"), participants responded with "true," "false," or "don't know." The survey was administered at pretest, at posttest immediately after the intervention, and 6 months after the intervention was completed. Key Findings In two studies implemented in the same school in 2 consecutive years, 7th- and 8th-grade students were randomly assigned to an intervention group receiving H2P or to an assessment-only control group. In the first study, no statistically significant differences on HIV knowledge were found between the groups at posttest. From pretest to 6-month follow-up, however, H2P participants had a significant increase in HIV knowledge compared with the control group (p < .01). In the second study, H2P participants had significantly greater HIV knowledge than the control group at posttest (p < .05), with no statistically significant differences between the groups at 6-month follow-up. Studies Measuring Outcome Study 1, Study 2 Study Designs Experimental Quality of Research Rating 2.4 (0.0-4.0 scale) Outcome 3: Self-efficacy to refuse sex Description of Measures Self-efficacy to refuse sex was measured by self-report using 6 items from the H2P Participant Survey developed for the studies. A sample item includes the following: "Imagine that you and your boyfriend or girlfriend have been going together, but you have not had sex. He or she really wants to have sex. Still, you don't feel ready. How sure are you that you could keep from having sex until you feel ready?" Participants responded to the items using a 4-point scale (very unsure to very sure). The survey was administered at pretest, at posttest immediately after the intervention, and 6 months after the intervention was completed. 4 Excellence in Prevention is a project of Oregon Addiction and Mental Health Services and Washington Division of Behavioral Health and Recovery. Information is drawn from many sources, including the National Registry for Effective Prevention Programs (NREPP), sponsored by the Center for Substance Abuse Prevention. Excellence in Prevention – descriptions of the prevention programs and strategies with the greatest evidence of success Key Findings In two studies implemented in the same school in 2 consecutive years, 7th- and 8th-grade students were randomly assigned to an intervention group receiving H2P or to an assessment-only control group. In the first study, no statistically significant differences were found across time between the two groups on self-efficacy to refuse sex. In the second study, however, a significantly higher percentage of H2P participants compared with control group participants reported confidence in their ability to show love without sex at posttest (p= .008) and 6-month follow-up (p = .04). In addition, at 6-month follow- up, H2P participants compared with their control group counterparts reported significantly
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