1. Biological Environment
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BIOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT FOR “RIVER SAND (BAJRI) MINING PROJECT OF SMT. NEETU SINGH”, AT TEHSIL-JAITARAN, DISTRICT-PALI, RAJASTAN By: Dr. NITEESH KUMAR 1. BIOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT: Biological diversity discusses the existence of a variety of living species including algae to monocots of plant kingdom and protozoans to mammals of animal kingdom and nature support of these living beings under a structural and functional unit called ecosystem. Biodiversity satisfies human needs in a different ways either directly or indirectly. The direct way is increasing agriculture productivity which supports existence of life on the earth. Indirect way include nutrient trapping, maintaining water cycles, production and protection of soil, absorption and breakdown of pollutants, provide recreational, aesthetic, scientific and spiritual values that helps to continue life on the earth. The basic purpose to exploring the biological environment under Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) is to assist in the decision making process and to ensure that the project options under consideration are bio environmental-friendly. EIA identifies- ways of improving project environmentally by preventing, minimizing, mitigating or compensating for adverse impacts before exploration and development phase. The present study on the floral assessment of the proposed project is based on field survey of the area supported by secondary data from various governmental and nongovernmental sources. Present study has been carried out to inventories the biodiversity existing in and around the proposed River Sand (Bajri) Mining project of “Smt. Neetu Singh”, at Village- Agewa, Anandpur Kalu-I, Anandpur Kalu-II, Asarlai, Odawas, Kekindra, Kathmor, Kurki, Kesarpura, Kanecha, Kanawas, Kanwaliya Kalan, Kotariya, Khera Deogarh, Khera Maharajpura, Khera Molawas, Kharadi, Khindawas, Ghorawar, Chawandiya, Jhujharda, Jhanjhanwas, Thakarwas, Digarna, Talkiya, Dayalpura, Devnagar, Deoriya, Deoriya Rajputan, Dagla, Dhaneriya, Ghatanagri, Nimbera Khurd, Nimbol, Nimaj-I, Nimaj-II, Patan, Patus, Paliyawas, Peepaliya Khurd, Phoolmaal, Phaalka, Bagatpura, Bagtawarpura Manpura, Balunda, Ballupura, Balara, Banjakuri, Bikarlai, Birampuri, Birol, Bogasani, Bhiladeva, Bheenvgarh, Malpuriya, Mohangarh, Mohrai, Roop Nagar, Rajadand, Rabariyawas, Rampura, Ramawas Kalan, Ramawas Khurd, Ras- I, Ras-II, Lithariya, Lototi, Vijaygarh, Samokhi and Sinla, Tehsil - Jaitaran, District - Pali (Rajasthan). 1.1 Objectives of Biological Study: The main objectives of biological study were: To collect the baseline data for the study along with a description of the existing terrestrial, wetland and aquatic biodiversity. To assess the scheduled species in the proposed site (rare, endangered, critically endangered, endemic and vulnerable). To identify the locations and features of ecological significance. To identify the Impacts of proposed project before, after and during development phase. Table: 1. Mode of data collection and parameters considered during the Survey Sr. Aspect Mode of Data Parameters Remarks No. collection monitored 1. Terrestrial By field survey Floral and Faunal For Floral Diversity: Biodiversity diversity Random survey, sapling survey/forest inventory, walking transect, collection and identification with the help of relevant literature. For Faunal Diversity: direct and indirect sampling, walking transect, point sampling and nest sampling etc. 2. From authentic Floral and Faunal Data collected from the sources like Forests diversity and study working plan of the region, department of of vegetation, forest forest types from the Haryana and available type, importance authentic literature of published literatures etc. Champion & Seth. from ZSI, BSI etc. 3. Aquatic By field survey Floral and Faunal For Plankton Study- Biodiversity diversity Lackey’s drops method and light microscope For other aquatic- Random survey, opportunistic observations 4. From authentic Floral and Faunal Desktop literature review to sources like Forests diversity and study indentify the representative department of of vegetation, forest spectrum of threatened Haryana. type, importance species, population and etc. ecological communities. 2. STUDY AREA: The proposed River Sand (Bajri) Mining project of “Smt. Neetu Singh”, is located at Village- Agewa, Anandpur Kalu-I, Anandpur Kalu-II, Asarlai, Odawas, Kekindra, Kathmor, Kurki, Kesarpura, Kanecha, Kanawas, Kanwaliya Kalan, Kotariya, Khera Deogarh, Khera Maharajpura, Khera Molawas, Kharadi, Khindawas, Ghorawar, Chawandiya, Jhujharda, Jhanjhanwas, Thakarwas, Digarna, Talkiya, Dayalpura, Devnagar, Deoriya, Deoriya Rajputan, Dagla, Dhaneriya, Ghatanagri, Nimbera Khurd, Nimbol, Nimaj-I, Nimaj-II, Patan, Patus, Paliyawas, Peepaliya Khurd, Phoolmaal, Phaalka, Bagatpura, Bagtawarpura Manpura, Balunda, Ballupura, Balara, Banjakuri, Bikarlai, Birampuri, Birol, Bogasani, Bhiladeva, Bheenvgarh, Malpuriya, Mohangarh, Mohrai, Roop Nagar, Rajadand, Rabariyawas, Rampura, Ramawas Kalan, Ramawas Khurd, Ras-I, Ras-II, Lithariya, Lototi, Vijaygarh, Samokhi and Sinla, Tehsil - Jaitaran, District - Pali (Rajasthan). The mine lease area, covered under SOI Toposheet no. 45 F/15, 45 F/16, 45 J/3, 45 J/4 & 45 J/7 is linearly stretched under 70 revenue villages of Tehsil - Jaitaran, District - Pali (Rajasthan). LOI has been issued in favour of Late Shri Om Pal Singh S/o Shri Khan Chand Harra, vide letter no. P.8 (12) Khan/Group-2/2013 Dated 10-12-2014 but Shri Ompal Singh was expired on Dated 28.01.2015, So that the lease has been mutation in favour of smt. Neetu Singh D/o Late Shri Ompal Singh, vide letter no. ADM/JODH/MM/ SOJAT/M.L./BAJRI/2016/ 1970 on dated 10- 11-2016. Sanctioned mining lease area is 4365.64 ha. It is anticipated that the construction activities of the proposed project would not have an adverse effect on the land use in the project area. The development of the green belt and landscape would enhance the visual aesthetics of the region. The study area is divided into two parts i.e.: a) Core Zone: Project Site i.e. “River Bed”. b) Buffer Zone: Area within 10 Km radius from the project site. 3. TERRESTRIAL FLORA AND FAUNA: Biological communities are the indicator environmental condition and resource of its distribution and survival. Biotic component comprises of both plants (Flora) and animal (Fauna) communities, which interact not only within and between them but also with the Abiotic components, viz. physical and chemical components of the environment. The changes in biotic community are studied in the pattern of distribution, abundance and diversity. 4. FOREST TYPES: The The extent of natural forests in Rajasthan is not only one of the lowest in the country but also the lowest in terms of productivity of forest. On the contrary the state is endowed with the largest chunk of wasteland which is about 20% of the total wastelands of the country. Total forests area of Rajasthan is 32639 km2 forest, which is 9.54 % of the total state’s geographical area. Reserve Forests constitute 38.16%, Protected Forests 53.36% and Un-classed Forests 8.48% of the forest area. The present mine lease project falls in Tehsil-Jaitaran, district Pali, Rajasthan. A 268 km2 scrub land is reported from Pali district which supports a variety of flora and fauna together with forest land. According to Champion and Seth (1968), the state has 20 forest types which belong to two forest type groups in the study area i.e. Tropical Dry Deciduous and Tropical Thorn Forests. Forest land of Jetaran Tehsil comes under the Pali Forest Division which represents following forest types Table 2. Table: 2: Forest Types in the Pali Forest Division Group Sub-Type Dominant Species 1. Tropical Dry a. Anogeissus Pendula Anogeissus pendula, Boswellia Serreta, Deciduous Forest (5B/E1) Buteo monosperma, Cassia fistula Forest b. Boswellia Forest (5B/E2) Boswellia Serreta, Anogeissus pendula, Acacia sp., Albezia lebbek c. Saline Alkaline Scrub Acacia nilotica, Prosopis cineraria, Ziziphus Savana (5B/E8) xylopyrus, Prosopis juliflora d. Butea Forest (5B/E5) Butea monosperma, Holoptelea integrifolia, Salvadora persica e. Dry Bamboo breaks Dendrocalamus sp. (5B/E9) Tropical Dry a. Dry Deciduous Scrub Anogeissus pendula, Adhatoda Vasica, Deciduous (E/DS1) Calotropis gigantean, Datura metel Scrub Group Sub-Type Dominant Species b. Dry Savannah Forests Acacia nilotica, Prosopis cineraria, Ziziphus c. (E1/DS2) xylopyrus,Calotropis sp. d. Euphorbia Scrub (DS3) Euphorbia sp., Ziziphus sp., Acacia sp. e. Dry Grassland Forest Prosopis cineraria, Acacia sp. (DS4) 2. Tropical a. Desert Thorn Forest Acacia sp., Acacia nilotica, Prosopis Thorn Forest (6B/C1) cineraria, Ziziphus sp., Apluda mutica Tropical a. Zizyphus Scrub (6B/DS1) Ziziphua sp. Euphorbia hirta Thorn Scrub b. Tropical Euphorbia Scrub Euphorbia neriifolia, Rhus mysurensis (6B/DS2) c. Acacia Senegal Forest Acacia senegal, Calotropis sp. Datura sp. (6B/E2) 5. TERRESTRIAL FLORA: The Vegetation and plant species composition observed and documented during field visit in and around the proposed location of the project. Besides primary surveys in the project sites, published literature and various floras were consulted to prepare an inventory of plant species growing at study area. The vegetation of the study area is highly degraded and some areas consisting water bodies. The plant diversity is classified into various plant groups such as tree, shrubs, herbs, climbers, sedges and grasses. The plant diversity survey in the project area was undertaken during the summer season with the objectives